How Is the HGB Enforced, and What Are the Consequences for Non-Compliance?

Response: Like other codification, the HGB is enforced through legal means, including civil lawsuits, administrative enforcement, and potentially criminal charges. Non-compliance can result in fines, penalties, compensation claims, and other legal consequences.


Response: BNB Coin is a cryptocurrency that is used primarily to pay transaction and trading fees on the Binance exchange.


Are Futures and Forwards the Same Thing?

Response: These two types of derivatives contract function in much the same way, but the main difference is that futures are exchange-traded and have standardized contract specifications. These exchanges are highly regulated and provide transparent contract and pricing data. Forwards, in contrast, trade over the counter (OTC) with terms and contract specifications customized by the two parties involved.


Am I Eligible for an Earned Income Tax Credit for a Qualifying Relative?

Response: Someone who only meets the “qualifying relative” test is never eligible to be claimed for purposes of the EITC. The relative must be a child, stepchild, eligible foster child, adopted child, brother, sister, half-sibling, stepsibling, or descendant of any of these individuals.


Should I Use Money Weighted or Time Weighted?

Response: The MWRR allows you to see how your changes affect your investment, eliminating its usefulness as a comparison tool but letting you see how your decisions affected it. TWRR lets you see how your investment performs without your changes, which lets you compare it to similar investments. Which you use depends on what you want to view.


What Are the Benefits of Horizontal Analysis?

Response: Horizontal analysis is valuable because analysts assess past performance along with the company’s current financial position or growth. Trends emerge, and these can be used to project future performance. Horizontal analysis can also be used to benchmark a company with competitors in the same industry.


Response: Common examples of prepaid expenses include leases, rent, legal retainers, advertising costs, estimated taxes, insurance, salaries, and leased office equipment.


How Much Do Full-Service Brokers Charge?

Response: The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission indicates that the base fees connected to an investment portfolio handled by a full-service broker can range from 0.25% up to 1%. This may not sound like a lot but the fees are paid annually so your cost will grow in tandem with the value of your investments.


What is eligible to be considered a qualified charitable organization?

Response: The list is expansive and includes organizations operated exclusively for the following purposes: religious, charitable, scientific, literary, educational purposes, testing for public safety, the prevention of cruelty to animals or children, and the development of amateur sports. The various types include charities, philanthropic groups, certain religious and educational organizations, nonprofit veterans’ organizations, fraternal lodge groups, cemetery and burial companies, and certain legal corporations. Federal, state, and local governments can qualify if the donation in question is intended strictly for a charitable cause.


Response: Some investors, such as retirees, are heavily reliant on dividends for their income. For these investors, the dividend yield of their portfolio could have a meaningful effect on their personal finances, making it very important for these investors to select dividend-paying companies with long track records and clear financial strength. For other investors, dividend yield may be less significant, such as for younger investors who are more interested in growth companies that can retain their earnings and use them to finance their growth.


Response: If you hold an insurance policy and have experienced damages covered by it, you can initiate a claim by contacting your insurer. This can be done by phone, and increasingly online. Once the claim has been started, the insurer will collect relevant information from you and may ask for evidence (such as photos) or supporting documentation. The insurer may also send an adjuster to interview you and evaluate the merits of your claim.


How Can a Country Increase the Value of Its Currency?

Response: Currencies are affected by a variety of factors. Some ways that a country can improve its currency is by purchasing its own currency and selling foreign exchange assets to do so. It can also raise interest rates, reduce inflation, and implement supply-side economic policies, such as increasing competitiveness.


Response: If you have comprehensive insurance for your car, it will cover deliberate acts of vandalism such as slashed tires, broken windows or taillights, or damaged paint. The exact level of coverage will depend on your provider and your deductible.


What Does Capitalization Mean in Finance?

Response: In finance, capitalization is a quantitative assessment of a firm's capital structure. Here it can refer to the book value cost of capital, which is the sum of a company's long-term debt, stock, and retained earnings. The alternative to the book value is the market value or market capitalization.


Response: Yes, the MSCI ACWI index does include shares from China. In 2019, MSCI decided to increase its index weights in China.


What Are Long-Term and Short-Term Liabilities?

Response: Long-term liabilities are typically due more than a year in the future. Examples of long-term liabilities include mortgage loans, bonds payable, and other long-term leases or loans, except the portion due in the current year. Short-term liabilities are due within the current year. Examples of short-term liabilities include accounts payable, accrued expenses, and the current portion of long-term debt.


Response: Bitcoin is the cryptocurrency awarded for opening a new block in the blockchain. Blocks can become orphaned, but a bitcoin cannot. Orphaned (stale) blocks are discarded.


What Is the Primary Advantage of Using Interactive Media?

Response: Interactive media allows the user and a business to interact and communicate much more seamlessly. As a consumer, you can communicate with the business and get your questions answered. As a business owner, you can more easily identify and address your clients' or customers' needs and concerns.


What Are the Limitations of Average Annual Growth Rate?

Response: AAGR may overestimate the growth rate if there are both positive and negative returns. It also does not include any measure of the risk involved, such as price volatility—nor does it factor in the timing of returns.


Response: An elective deferral is money that your employer contributes to your retirement plan. Your employer is effectively giving you this money but it's not included in your taxable income. The IRS therefore sets limits as to how much you can receive, usually toward 401(k), 403(b), SARSEP and/or SIMPLE IRA plans.The 2023 elective deferral limit for these plans is $22,500. This increases to $23,000 in 2024. Anything in excess of these amounts is included in your taxable income for that year. The limit increases by $7,500 if you're age 50 or older.


Response: Identifying financial risks involves considering the risk factors a company faces. This entails reviewing corporate balance sheets and statements of financial positions, understanding weaknesses within the company's operating plan, and comparing metrics to other companies within the same industry. There are several statistical analysis techniques used to identify the risk areas of a company.


Response: Correlation is important because it is often an indicator of portfolio risk. When a collection of securities is negatively correlated, they pose less risk because when one security falls in value, another often increases. Investors may also actively seek out greater risk in exchange for greater potential returns; using this strategy, correlation is important because they may want to maximize correlation to yield the greatest risk and reward.


Response: The Sensex is calculated using a free-float capitalization method. This method is similar to the market-capitalization weighting method, in which companies are weighted according to their share of the total market capitalization of the index. As such, the Sensex gives more weight to the largest companies within its index. But unlike the market-capitalization method, the free-float capitalization method only takes into account shares that are freely available to be traded, as opposed to restricted shares or those held by company insiders.


Response: To calculate net debt using Microsoft Excel, find the following information on the company's balance sheet: total short-term liabilities; total long-term liabilities; and total current assets. Enter these three items into cells A1 through A3, respectively. In cell A4, enter the formula "=A1+A2−A3" to compute net debt.


Response: Uphold is a safe trading platform to use. The company has industry standard checks and balances in place, including Know Your Client (KYC) verification. It also uses two-factor authentication. Other security measures include third-party due diligence, a bug bounty program, staff background checks, and routine auditing and system testing.


Response: Broadly speaking, ULIPs do have an investment component that subjects them to the risk of loss of investment capital. ULIPs often allow an investor to select from a variety of equity and debt instruments, so the underlying risk of the plan does hinge on the investments selected and subsequent market performance.


How Do You Find the Geometric Mean Between Two Numbers?

Response: To calculate the geometric mean of two numbers, you would multiply the numbers together and take the square root of the result.


Response: Voluntary accidental death and dismemberment (VAD&D) insurance is an optional financial protection plan typically sold in the workplace that covers the same situations that regular AD&D insurance does. It is often purchased by workers in occupations that come with physical risk.


Response: A limit order is placed with your broker. That limit order states the security, the quantity, the price, and whether you are in a buy or sell position. The order is not triggered until the specific desired market price is achieved. Even then, execution of the limit order is not guaranteed, especially in highly volatile markets or regarding highly volatile securities with low liquidity.


Why Might Decreasing Term Life not be the Best Fit for Me?

Response: The main drawback is the death benefit declining over time, which is of course why it costs less than standard term life or other policies. Also, should something happen down the road, decreasing term life may not provide the coverage needed. Saving a few dollars in the short term may leave you uncovered should a future event occur.


Response: An investment thesis is important for anyone who wants to invest their money. Individual investors can use a thesis to decide whether to purchase stock in a particular company and what strategy they should use, whether it's a buy-and-hold strategy or one where they only have the stock for a short period of time. A company can craft its own investment thesis to help weigh out whether an acquisition or growth strategy is worthwhile.


What Were Some of the Programs of the Great Society?

Response: Project Head Start, the National Endowment for the Arts, Medicare, and Medicaid, are all programs that were part of the Great Society initiatives.


Response: The terms mortgage and home loan are often used interchangeably, but they don’t exactly mean the same thing. A mortgage is a loan that’s used to buy a piece of property that’s secured by the property itself. A home loan is a type of mortgage that’s used specifically to purchase a house.


How Can I Calculate My Overall Return on an Investment?

Response: Calculate your return on investment (RO!) by subtracting the initial cost of your investment from its final value. Divide the result by the overall cost of the investment, adding in fees, commissions, and mark-ups. Multiply this result by 100 to get a percentage.


Response: An MBA is good for two primary purposes. First, business professionals that obtain an MBA undergo a rigorous set of classes that improve the candidate's skillset. At the end of an MBA program, the MBA candidate should have learned new skills, expanded their network, better understand how to strategically approach problems, and be a more competent professional.In turn, the second primary benefit of an MBA is a higher degree of desirability with one's employer. Armed with a greater skillset, MBA candidates often have an advantage during job searches and may command higher pay. In general, possessing an MBA often makes an employee more desirable for a company to hire and retain.


What Are the Qualifications Needed to Be a Branch Manager?

Response: Branch managers will typically need a bachelor's degree. Management degrees are often helpful in becoming a branch manager. Having an understanding of financial terms and experience in operational management will also help. A potential bank manager candidate will need at least five to seven years of work experience to be considered for such a role and to have developed the appropriate skills for the role. An individual will need good organizational, financial, problem-solving, and team-management skills to be a good branch manager.


When Can You Start to Take In-Service Withdrawals?

Response: You can begin taking in-service withdrawals from a retirement account if you are still employed at age 59½. If you take it out sooner, you will be subject to a 10% early-withdrawal penalty (in addition to any deferred taxes due).


Response: The ommer rate (previously the uncle rate) was the rate at which the network produces ommer blocks. The rate changed daily and depended on the number of transactions occurring. There is no longer an Ommer block rate on the Ethereum main blockchain.


Response: To become a notary, you need to meet your state's requirements, then go through a learning and application process. You also may be required to take an exam. Once you pass, you're sworn into office as a notary.


How Can a Company Acquire More Capital Assets?

Response: There's two ways a company usually acquires capital assets. First, capital assets require a lot of money, something new companies tend to not have. Therefore, capital assets may be acquired using initial equity via investments. The idea here is an investor puts money into a business, the business uses that money to buy capital assets, the capital assets help drive operating income, and that operating income is returned to the investor.The other way capital assets may be financed is through operations, creating a cycle of asset usage. If a company self-funded the capital assets (perhaps via debt), it can now use those assets to generate income that can be used to buy new, other capital assets in the future.


Do I Have To Pay U.S. Taxes on Foreign Income?

Response: Yes, as a U.S. citizen or U.S. resident alien, you must pay taxes on all foreign earned income regardless of your place of residency; however, you may qualify for foreign earned income exclusions or foreign income tax credits.


Response: Becoming successful through affiliate marketing takes time, skill, and experience. However, it may suit beginners a bit better than alternative platforms since you do not have to invest in physical merchandise or inventory at the start.


What Is the Current Portion of Long-Term Debt?

Response: The current portion of long-term debt is the portion of a long-term liability that is due in the current year. For example, a mortgage is long-term debt because it is typically due over 15 to 30 years. However, your mortgage payments that are due in the current year are the current portion of long-term debt. They should be listed separately on the balance sheet because these liabilities must be covered with current assets.


Response: Friedman did not say that “greed is good”— that is a line from the 1987 movie “Wall Street”—but he did write a famous article in The New York Times in 1970: The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase Profits. That article has been called the inspiration for the greed-is-good excesses of activist investors who push companies to create shareholder value at all costs—and to the exclusion of all other considerations, including investing in employees and delivering value to customers.


Is Exponential Moving Average Better Than Simple Moving Average?

Response: The EMA focused more on recent price moves, which means it tends to respond more quickly to price changes than the SMA.


Response: Yes, transaction costs charged for buying and selling goods are often legal. Because there are intermediaries that facilitate the transfer of a good or service from one party to the other, these fees often are paid to the party that helped make the exchange occur. Government entities or regulatory bodies also may impose transaction costs to help the facilitation of future goods. However, those same governments and regulatory bodies may impose limits on the type or size of transaction costs that can be charged within an industry.


Response: In the U.S., cattle and all other commodities are weighed in pounds. A hundredweight equals 100 pounds in North America. So, the total weight of the cattle divided by 100 equals the number of hundredweight of cattle.


Response: In finance, a null hypothesis is used in quantitative analysis. A null hypothesis tests the premise of an investing strategy, the markets, or an economy to determine if it is true or false. For instance, an analyst may want to see if two stocks, ABC and XYZ, are closely correlated. The null hypothesis would be ABC ≠ XYZ.


Response: What counts as a good EPS will depend on factors such as the recent performance of the company, the performance of its competitors, and the expectations of the analysts who follow the stock. Sometimes, a company might report growing EPS, but the stock might decline in price if analysts were expecting an even higher number.Likewise, a shrinking EPS figure might nonetheless lead to a price increase if analysts were expecting an even worse result. It is important to always judge EPS in relation to the company’s share price, such as by looking at the company’s P/E or earnings yield.


Response: Graham's number will always present a maximum stock price given a company's EPS and BVPS. As a result, any stock price below that figure should signal a good buy for a value investor.


Is a Stock Dividend a Good or Bad Thing?

Response: Dividends are always good, whether they're in shares or cash. However, if you're buying dividend-paying stocks to create a regular source of income, you might prefer the money.


Response: Tier 1 capital represents the strongest form of capital, consisting of shareholder equity, disclosed reserves, and certain other income. Under the Basel III standards, banks must maintain the equivalent of 6% of their risk-weighted assets in Tier 1 capital. This allows them to absorb unexpected losses and continue operating as a going concern.


What Is the Biggest Stock Market in Asia?

Response: As of January 2024, China's stock exchange was the largest equity market in Asia, with an $8.5 trillion market capitalization. On Jan. 22, 2024, India's stock market overtook Hong Kong's to become the fourth-largest stock market in the world, with a market cap of $4.3 trillion.


What Happens If I Don't Pay My NSF Fees?

Response: Customers don't have an option to avoid paying NSF fees, as the bank automatically deducts them from the account.


Response: Central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) are digital currencies backed by a government and regulated by its agencies. There has been discussion about a digital dollar for several years, but it seems unlikely to happen in the U.S. soon.


What Is an Automated Clearing House Transaction?

Response: An Automated Clearing House or ACH transaction is an electronic transaction that requires a debit from an originating bank and a credit to a receiving bank. Transactions go through a clearinghouse that batches and sends them to the recipient's bank. Transactions usually are executed on the same day as long as they are done before 5 p.m.


What Does a Negative PEG Ratio Indicate?

Response: A negative PEG can result from either negative earnings (losses), or a negative estimated growth rate. Either case suggests that a company may be in trouble.


Why Do Businesses Use Inventory Financing?

Response: Inventory financing is a form of short-term borrowing. Companies tend to use it as a way to pay their suppliers before selling their products. It is often used by small or mid-sized businesses that may not be established or have a credit history. It also allows these businesses to access financing without having to put up their business or personal assets for collateral.


Response: A loan is disbursed when the agreed-upon amount is paid into the borrower's account and is available for use. When the loan is disbursed, the cash has been debited from the lender's account and credited to the borrower's account.


Response: A top-down marketing strategy is a traditional marketing strategy. This is where a business determines who it should sell to and how, and the customer base is largely passive and spurred to take action once they hear the advertisement. For example, a top-down marketing strategy would include ads on radio or television. Top-down marketing strategies are usually determined by the executives of a firm. It usually consists of what a firm desires to do and then determining a way to do it.


Why Is Horizontal Integration Important?

Response: Horizontal integration is important because it allows a company to grow, expand, diversify, and gather a larger market presence. Horizontal integration further enhances a company's current position in the market and, instead of transitioning to widely different aspects of the supply chain, it allows a company to become more competitive in the space it was already operating in.


Response: In a romance scam—which is a type of catfishing—a criminal adopts a fake online identity to gain a victim's trust and affection. The scammer uses the guise of a romantic relationship to manipulate and/or steal from the victim. The criminal may propose marriage and make plans to meet in person, but that never happens. Eventually, the scammer asks for money. According to a study from tech and cybersecurity company TechShielder, Nigeria is the second-most-notorious country worldwide for romance scams, behind only the Philippines.


Response: When you deposit cash or checks into your checking or savings account at a bank, Regulation CC specifies how soon you can have access to your deposited funds. Additionally, Regulation CC requires that your bank discloses to you the schedule of when your funds will be available for withdrawal.For example, cash deposits must be available for withdrawal no later than the business day after the business day on which it was deposited. Government checks and some other types of checks also have similar rules. The bank must notify you of the schedule of when your deposits will be available.


Response: MRP ensures that materials and components are available when they're needed, inventory levels are optimized, manufacturing efficiency is improved, and customer satisfaction increases.


What Is the Tax Treatment of Unearned Income for a Child?

Response: According to the IRS, there are two possibilities that affect the reporting of a child's unearned income. For 2023, any unearned income above $2,500 ($2,600 for 2024) may be subject to an unearned income tax. This is known as the kiddie tax. Alternatively, interest and dividend income of less than $12,500 for 2023 ($13,000 for 2024) may be included on the parent's return rather than that of the child.


Response: The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), U.S. Secret Service, and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security are some of the organizations that investigate claims of wire fraud.


Response: Coinsurance is an insured individual's share of the costs of a covered expense (it usually applies to health-care insurance). It is expressed as a percentage. If you have a "30% coinsurance" policy, it means that, when you have a medical bill, you are responsible for 30% of it. Your health plan pays the remaining 70%.


What Is David Tepper's Interest in Sports?

Response: David Tepper showed an interest in baseball and football at a young age. He had a penchant for memorizing baseball statistics. In 2009, he purchased a share of the NFL team, the Pittsburgh Steelers. He bought another NFL team, the Carolina Panthers, in 2018.


How Quickly Are Renewable Energy Resources Growing?

Response: Renewable energy resources are expected to grow from 12% of the US energy mix as of 2021 to 39% by 2030, according to Morgan Stanley.


What Is an Example of a General Ledger Entry?

Response: Consider the following example where a company receives a $1,000 payment from a client for its services. The accountant would then increase the asset column by $1,000 and subtract $1,000 from accounts receivable. The equation remains in balance, as the equivalent increase and decrease affect one side—the asset side—of the accounting equation.


Response: There is no average return measurement for REITs primarily because they operate in different sectors. For example, a REIT with broad exposure to all commercial real estate may fare better if there was a dip in mortgage income. In this scenario, a broader REIT would outperform a REIT invested in residential mortgages.


Response: A topping fee is a percentage of the difference between the winning bid and the stalking horse bid that must be paid to the stalking horse bidder. This differentiates it from a breakup fee, which is a set amount.


What Do My Federal Tax Expenses Include?

Response: Your annual tax return reports your income for the year and the taxes you owe in a number of categories including:Earned income including salary, wages, tips, and commissionsUnearned income such as capital gains on the sale of stock or interest on bondsThe FICA payroll tax, which is deducted from your paycheck


How Are Liabilities Paid For a Recourse Loan?

Response: After collateral has been seized, a deficiency judgment may levy the borrower's bank accounts or garnish wages to repay the debt balance.


Response: One of the key ideas behind personal finance is not to spend more than you make. For instance, if you make $50,000 a year but spend $65,000, you'll end up with debt that continues to compound because you'll be spending more than you make to pay for past expenses.


How Do Market News and Events Impact Impulse Wave Patterns?

Response: Market news and events can influence the formation and disruption of impulse wave patterns. Unexpected developments may lead to shifts in sentiment, impacting the expected wave patterns. Traders should consider both technical analysis and external factors.


Response: A dual income household is one in which two adults are earning money and sharing their financial resources. They also share responsibilities for expenses. This financial situation often results in more disposable income they can use for spending or saving more.


Response: For insurance purposes, vandalism means intentional damage and destruction of property, without theft. For example, a person deliberately breaking a home's windows for the purpose of destroying property could be considered vandalism, but if they broke in for the purpose of burglary it would not be considered vandalism.


Can a Private Company Issue Restricted Stock?

Response: Yes, private companies can offer restricted stock to their employees. However, because the company is private, it could be more difficult for those employees to sell their shares when the restricted stock vests.


What Is an Example of a First Notice of Loss?

Response: Let’s say you crash your car into a tree. For your collision insurance to pay for the damage, you’ll need to first file a claim. Insurance companies offer several ways to file a claim, which can vary by carrier. Regardless of how you make the initial contact about the accident and losses, this first contact constitutes the FNOL. It’s the first step in filing a claim. If the policy covers the loss, the FNOL will start the process for receiving an insurance settlement payment.


What Are Some Examples of Expansionary Monetary Policy?

Response: The Federal Reserve often tweaks the Federal funds reserve rate as its primary tool of expansionary monetary policy. Increasing the fed rate contracts the economy, while decreasing the fed rate increases the economy.


What Is the First Step to Performing Marginal Analysis?

Response: Though not required, a first step to performing marginal analysis is often to consider the fixed and variable components of an activity. If all costs are fixed, there will be little to no marginal costs as expenses will not change as units produced changed. On the other hand, if all costs are variable, there will be considerable expenses to factor in.The same, though less applicable, can be said about the benefit received. Because benefit often varies from the units consumed, it is hardly ever fixed. However, you can slowly advance to a full marginal analysis by considering how marginal benefit (and cost) change from one unit to the next.


What Are the Disadvantages of a Sinking Fund?

Response: The disadvantage of a sinking fund is that it limits the availability of cash on hand for a business. This limited cash reduces the ability to invest, and therefore, earn a return. It can be argued that this is not necessarily a disadvantage as the money in a sinking fund is used to pay off the debt that was raised to facilitate the needs of the business, so a sinking fund is just a measure to prudently manage finances.


Response: According to the World Bank, the federal rules most comparable to MiFID are the following:The 1934 Securities Exchange Act: This act established the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and granted it broad authority over the securities industry, including the power to register, regulate, and oversee brokerage firms, securities, and exchanges.The 1998 Regulation Alternative Trading System: This specified rules for alternative trading systems, requiring them to register with the SEC and adhere to certain regulations.The 2005 Regulation National Market System: Designed to modernize and strengthen the U.S. system for equity trading, its key components include rules that promote fair access to market data, protect investors from executing trades at inferior prices, and increase transparency.


What Does a Rising Terms of Trade Indicate?

Response: An increasing TOT ratio indicates that a country is exporting relatively more goods than it is importing. Over time, this can lead to a trade surplus. The opposite would be true if TOT were decreasing.


Response: Consignment is an arrangement in which goods are left in the possession of an authorized third party to sell. A consignment shop, for example, will sell items produced or supplied by someone else, and pay them a portion of the profit.


What Are Examples of Natural Law In Systems of Government?

Response: In the U.S. Constitution, the right of citizens to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness is a motto based on natural law. In the penal code, certain crimes are almost universally accepted as punishable, including murder and rape. These types of crimes are seen as damaging both the humanity of the victim and the social fabric of society.


Why Would a Government Create a Barrier to Entry?

Response: Governments create barriers to entry for varying reasons. In some cases, such as consumer protection laws, these barriers are intended to protect public safety but have the unintended effect of favoring incumbent businesses. In other cases, such as broadcasting licenses or commercial airlines, the barriers are due to the inherent scarcity of the public resources needed by these industries. In some cases, the government may impose barriers to entry explicitly to protect favored industries.


What Is Distributed Ledger Technology Used for?

Response: Distributed ledger technology is used to securely store data so that it is unaltered, transparent, synchronized, and accurate. This can be extended to counting votes, recording transactions (financial or non-financial), or reporting activity across all users of a single DLT solution.


Response: Trading futures instead of stocks provides the advantage of high leverage, allowing investors to control assets with a small amount of capital. This entails higher risks. Additionally, futures markets are almost always open, offering flexibility to trade outside traditional market hours and respond quickly to global events.


Response: The term endowment effect was first used by the economist Richard Thaler. It was used in reference to the inertia related to consumer choices when goods included in their endowment were more highly valued than goods that were not.


How Do I Check the Turnover Ratio for My Mutual Fund?

Response: You should find turnover ratio (or turnover rate) in the issuing company's latest financial statement on the mutual fund.For example, Vanguard lists the turnover rate for its Vanguard Health Care Fund Investor Shares as 19.1% as of January 31, 2023. It is an item in its "Fundamental" list for the fund.


Where Can You Find Options Prices and Their Expiration Dates?

Response: Options prices and their respective dates can be accessed through brokerage platforms, financial websites, and trading apps. They frequently have detailed quotes for options on stocks and other underlying assets. The quote will typically include the current price or premium for the option, the strike price, the expiration date, and other details like the option's Greeks. You should only use trustworthy and up-to-date sources when weighing options trading since prices and available options can fluctuate rapidly because of market conditions.


Can Collaborations Within the Same Corporate Group Involve Price-Fixing?

Response: Collaborations within the same corporate group may involve internal agreements on pricing strategies, which are generally legal. However, these collaborations should not harm external competition.


Response: As simple as the answer seems, it is important to make sure that you can distinguish between what is an emergency and what isn’t. An emergency is an unexpected bill that you can’t pay—not money to go to a movie or for some other nonessential expense.


Response: A quid pro quo contribution is a charitable donation for which the donor is rewarded with something of value by the charity in question.


Can a Business Claim an NOL Carryforward on Its State Taxes?

Response: State laws on NOL carryforwards can vary. Some follow the federal rules, while others set different dollar caps or time limits for carryforwards. Similarly, state laws on capital loss carryforwards can differ from the federal ones.


What Is the Disadvantage of the Double-Entry Accounting System?

Response: The primary disadvantage of the double-entry accounting system is that it is more complex. It requires two entries to be recorded when one transaction takes place. It also requires that mathematically, debits and credits always equal each other. This complexity can be time-consuming as well as more costly; however, in the long run, it is more beneficial to a company than single-entry accounting.


Response: The S&P 500 consists of the 500 largest publicly-traded companies in the U.S. Many are highly familiar names: Microsoft, Apple, Exxon Mobile, Bank of America, Visa, and Coca-Cola.To qualify for the S&P 500 Index, a company must have at least 10% of its shares outstanding in the public market and have a market capitalization of at least $14.6 billion.


Are There Any Penalties Associated With SEPP Plans?

Response: There are generally no penalties associated with SEPP plans. But you will be on the hook for penalties and interest if you decide to cancel the plan before you reach the minimum five-year holding period or before you turn 59½—whichever comes later.


Are Keltner Channels or Bollinger Bands a Better Metric?

Response: Both metrics are useful but produce different signals. Like Bollinger Bands, Keltner Channel signals are produced when the price action breaks above or below the channel bands. Here, however, as the price action breaks above or below the top and bottom barriers, a continuation is favored over a retracement back to the median or opposite barrier.


What Is the Difference Between EAD and LGD?

Response: EAD is exposure at default and represents the value of a loan that a bank is at risk of losing at the time a borrower defaults on their loan. Loss given default is the value of a loan that a bank is at the risk of losing, after taking into proceeds from the sale of the asset, represented as a percentage of total exposure.


Who Is Exempt from the Beneficial Ownership Rule?

Response: Certain types of entities do not need to provide identifying information under the beneficial ownership rule. These include sole proprietorships, certain trusts, non-account ownership, and (in the case of credit cards) authorized users who are not the actual owners of the cards.


What Is the Role of the Issuing Bank in an Irrevocable Letter of Credit?

Response: The issuing bank is the financial institution that issues the ILOC on behalf of the buyer. It undertakes the obligation to pay the beneficiary upon presentation of compliant documents. The issuing bank's creditworthiness and reputation are crucial factors influencing the acceptability of the ILOC.


What Are the Limitations of the Price-to-Sales (P/S) Ratio?

Response: The P/S ratio doesn’t take into account whether the company makes any earnings or whether it will ever make earnings. Comparing companies in different industries can prove difficult as well. For example, companies that make video games will have different capabilities when it comes to turning sales into profits when compared to, say, grocery retailers. In addition, P/S ratios do not account for debt loads or the status of a company’s balance sheet.


Does America Have a Regressive Tax System?

Response: Certain aspects of taxes in the United States relate to a regressive tax system. Sales taxes, property taxes, and excises taxes on select goods are often regressive in the United States. However, there are other forms of taxes (see below) that are prevalent within America today.


Response: Sharia is a set of Islamic religious laws. As well as religious rituals, these laws govern many day-to-day activities for Muslims. This includes the areas of finance, banking, and investments. For example, Sharia prohibits investing in tobacco- and alcohol-based businesses, as well as collecting interest.


What can an inverted yield curve tell an investor?

Response: Historically, protracted inversions of the yield curve have preceded recessions in the United States. An inverted yield curve reflects investors’ expectations for a decline in longer-term interest rates as a result of a deteriorating economic performance.


Response: A barter transaction could occur, say, between a plumber and a copywriter. In this example, the plumber goes to the writer’s house to fix some leaking pipes and then rather than asking for payment asks the writer to help pen some promotional materials for the plumber’s business instead. What we are witnessing here is one service (plumbing work) being exchanged for another (writing) without any money changing hands.


Response: Flat taxes are those which are levied at the same rate for all payers. This is the inverse of the ability-to-pay principle, also known as a regressive tax system.


What types of insurance offer level death benefits?

Response: Level death benefits are commonly found on term life and whole life policies (although each offers optional provisions that can increase the death benefit over time). For universal life and variable life policies, you can choose either a level or increasing death benefit option at issue, with the ability to flip between the two options throughout the life of the policy. You can also have the flexibility to increase or decrease the death benefit if your needs change in the future.


Response: Graduated payments are calculated using the mortgage loan amount, the interest rate, the annual graduation rate, and the number of graduations applied. You can calculate monthly payments for a graduated mortgage using an online loan calculator.


What Is a Good Net Operating Income Percentage?

Response: NOI is not a percentage but rather a number that takes into consideration the revenues and expenses of a property. It can be compared to the entire value of the property if that property had been paid fully in cash. In this case, the higher the net operating income to property price percentage, the better.


How Do You Calculate Inventory Turnover?

Response: Inventory turnover measures how efficiently a company uses its inventory by dividing its cost of sales, or cost of goods sold (COGS), by the average value of its inventory for the same period. It is an especially important efficiency ratio for retailers.


What Are Current and Non-Current Assets?

Response: Current Assets is an account where assets that can be converted into cash within one fiscal year or operating cycle are entered. Non-Current Assets is an account where assets that cannot be quickly converted into cash—often selling for less than the purchase price—are entered.


Why Are Premiums Higher for Permanent as Opposed to Term Insurance?

Response: Premiums are higher for permanent insurance like whole life policies than term life for two primary reasons. The first is that the policy covers the insured for their entire life, and the second reason is that a portion of a permanent life premium is paid into the policy as cash, and can be drawn upon while the policy owner is still alive.


Response: If you're a lender and want to reduce your credit exposure, consider the types of loans you're offering and who you are loaning to. Riskier, longer-term loans will increase your credit exposure as there is often a greater chance of default.To minimize your exposure at default, consider shorter-term loans, loans substantiated by operating cash flow, loans to higher creditworthy customers, and conduct more thorough due diligence prior to issuing a loan.


I owed $500 when I filed my tax return. Do I need to file Form 2210?

Response: No, there is no underpayment penalty if the difference between your total tax on your return and the amount of tax you paid through withholding is less than $1,000.


What Is the Standard Deduction for 2024?

Response: For tax year 2024, the standard deduction is $14,600 if you file as single or married filing separately. It's $21,900 for heads of household and $29,200 for married filing jointly or qualifying widow(er) taxpayers.


What Is the Difference Between an ICO and SAFT?

Response: An initial coin offering is a cryptocurrency sale, where investors receive the coins when they give developers capital. A Simple Agreement for Future Tokens is a contract for tokens before they are released or issued.


Response: CEOs are responsible for managing a company. This may include delegating and directing agendas, driving profitability, managing company organizational structure and strategy, and communicating with the board.


What Is the Role of EXIM in the United States?

Response: The Export-Import Bank of the United States (EXIM) is an independent Executive Branch agency backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. whose mission is to support American jobs by supporting the export of U.S. goods and services.


Response: Personal data is not classified as PII and non-personal data such as the company you work for, shared data, or anonymized data.


How Many Countries Signed the Kyoto Protocol?

Response: After becoming a signatory in 2013, Afghanistan became the 192nd and last signatory of the Kyoto Protocol.


What Are the Two Kinds of Economic Equilibrium?

Response: In microeconomics, the term refers to the balancing of supply and demand; in macroeconomics, it refers to a state in which the aggregate supply and demand are in balance.


What Is the Difference Between Wealth Management and Investment Banking?

Response: Wealth management and investment banking are two common career paths in the financial sector. The main difference is their clients: wealth managers help individual clients invest their savings, while investment bankers serve corporate clients.


What Is the Difference Between 1231 and 1250 Property?

Response: Section 1231 applies to all depreciable business assets owned for more than one year, while section 1250 (and also 1245) provides guidance on how different asset categories are taxed when sold at a gain or loss. All property used in a trade or business is considered section 1231 property and, for taxation purposes, either section 1245 or 1250 applies, depending on the property’s characteristics.


Response: Escrow relating to buying a house is an account (called the escrow account) in which money from the potential homebuyer is deposited. Required escrow is generally 1% to 3% of the asking price for a home. The money is required to ensure the buyer is seriously considering the home and has the funds to make the purchase. In return, the seller will usually take the property off the market and allow the potential buyer access to the home for inspections.


What Are the Disadvantages of Angel Investing to an Entrepreneur?

Response: The entrepreneur is giving up a share of the company and its future profits in return for angel investing. Many angel investors want some control over the development of the product as well. They often want a seat on the board or its equivalent.


Response: The oil and gas industry is generally broken down into three segments: upstream, midstream, and downstream. The first phase is upstream, which is when companies initially explore and then start drilling and extracting oil and natural gas. It is then followed by midstream, which refers to the transportation of crude or refined petroleum products, and finally downstream, which is the final stage and consists of processing the oil into usable products and marketing them.


Response: There are several steps you need to hurdle to start a business. This includes conducting market research, developing a business plan, seeking capital or other forms of funding, choosing a location and business structure, picking the right name, submitting registration paperwork, obtaining tax documents (employer and taxpayer IDs), and pulling permits and licenses. It's also a good idea to set up a bank account with a financial institution to facilitate your everyday banking needs.


What Are the Advantages of Scenario Analysis?

Response: The biggest advantage of scenario analysis is that it acts as an in-depth examination of all possible outcomes. Because of this, it allows managers to test decisions, understand the potential impact of specific variables, and identify potential risks.


What Is Jim Walton's Interest in Charter Schools?

Response: Through the Walton Family Foundation, Jim and his sister Alice have spearheaded a project established as the Charter Impact Fund to provide long-term, fixed-rate loans to high-performing charter schools around the country.


What Is the Home Office in Reference to a Corporation?

Response: The term “home office” can refer to the administrative headquarters of a large corporation with locations in different parts of the country or around the world.


Response: Pump priming can refer to both monetary and fiscal policies. When a central bank like the U.S. Federal Reserve chooses to cut interest rates to stimulate spending, this is both a form of pump priming and a monetary policy. On the other hand, if Congress chooses to set money aside to fund stimulus checks, this would be an example of pump priming that is also a fiscal policy.


Is a Home's Market Value the Same As Its Selling Price?

Response: A home's fair market value is not the same thing as its selling price. Fair market value is the property's worth as estimated by a real estate professional. This estimate is usually based on factors such as the age of the house, its condition, location, and the value of similar homes in that location. Selling price is what someone is willing to pay for it in a sale, which can be higher or lower than the fair market value.


Is a Money Purchase Plan a Defined Contribution Plan?

Response: A money purchase plan is a defined contribution plan where employer contributions are based on a fixed percentage of an employee's annual compensation or salary.


Why Is Cross-Broder Labor Mobility Controversial?

Response: Encouraging geographic mobility across national borders is often a point of controversy.Opponents argue that migrant workers are usually hired because they will accept lower wages. That effectively takes jobs from citizens. In extreme cases, it can lead to the overpopulation of certain areas, straining public services and pushing up the local cost of living. This can fuel hostility and spur social unrest.Others argue that migrant workers take low-paying, low-skilled work that nobody else wants, or would accept without significantly higher wages.A growing population usually corresponds with economic growth and prosperity.


Where Do Blue Chip Stocks Get Their Name?

Response: The term "blue chip" comes from the game of poker, where blue chips are usually the most valuable ones on the table. It was first used by Oliver Gingold, an employee at Dow Jones, who observed that certain stocks reliably traded above $200 per share. Nowadays, some blue chips trade in the thousands per share.


Response: Investors who believe that the price of a security is going to fall might sell calls on that security simply for income. In other words, they'll profit just from the premium they received for selling the option. However, for the strategy to succeed, the option has to expire unexercised by the buyer.


What Is the Difference Between Notional and Market Value?

Response: Notional value refers to the value of the underlying asset—say, $5,000 worth of stock bought on the open market. It’s also known as the face value of a holding. Market value is what the current position is worth in the open market.


Response: Price controls in economics are restrictions imposed by governments to ensure that goods and services remain affordable. They are also used to create a fair market that is accessible by all. The point of price controls is to help curb inflation and to create balance in the market.


Do Beneficiaries Have to Pay Taxes on Inheritance?

Response: Whether beneficiaries have to pay taxes on inheritance depends on their familial relationship to the deceased and on the state where the decedent lived or owned property. Only estates or property located in one of six states that impose inheritance taxes may be subject to them.Surviving spouses are always exempt from inheritance taxes. Other immediate relatives, like the deceased's parents, children, and siblings, are exempt to varying degrees, depending on the state. Inheritance taxes mainly affect more distant relatives and unrelated heirs.


Response: A high-beta index is made up of volatile stocks. They're generally riskier but they can be enticing for investors who are willing to gamble a little to achieve better returns.


What Is the Difference Between ASIC Mining and GPU Mining?

Response: ASIC mining machines are developed for mining a specific cryptocurrency, such as Bitcoin or Litecoin. GPU mining involves using a graphics processing unit (GPU) such as those sold by NVIDIA or AMD for mining. GPUs are significantly cheaper than the equipment required for ASIC mining. However, they are slower and much less efficient for mining cryptocurrencies than ASIC miners.


Response: Kin was the token for the social app Kik. It was eventually abandoned in 2023, although it is still available on a few decentralized exchanges.


What inventory costing methods are allowed by GAAP?

Response: Along with the lower of cost or market (LCM) method being required by GAAP reporting, other inventory costing methods allowed by GAAP are:First in, first out (FIFO)Last in, first out (LIFO)Weighted average valuation


Response: The best time to withdraw from an IRA is at age 60 and beyond. If you withdraw before age 59½, you will incur a 10% early withdrawal penalty in addition to taxes on the withdrawal. There are some exceptions to this penalty for medical expenses, disabilities, first-time home purchases, and other unusual life events. Generally speaking, the longer you can wait before taking distributions, the more time that money has to grow.


Response: The Basel Accords are a series of three sequential banking regulation agreements (Basel I, II, and III) set by the Basel Committee on Bank Supervision (BCBS). The BCBS is a group of 45 representatives from major global financial centers. The Committee provides recommendations on banking and financial regulations, specifically, concerning capital risk, market risk, and operational risk. The accords ensure that financial institutions have enough capital on account to absorb unexpected losses. The liquidity coverage ratio (LCR) is a chief takeaway from the Basel Accord.


Response: Generally, when a company restructures, it lays off some of its employees. This is typically so because a restructuring involves downsizing, which can include closing some groups, merging others, and generally looking to become more efficient and cut costs.


Response: In 1955, Fortune magazine established the Fortune 500 list. At the time, General Motors ranked at the top of the list with revenues in excess of $9.8 billion. This was a position that it continued to hold for the next three decades. Along with General Motors, many of the largest companies by revenue in 1955 are names that still exist today—including Chrysler, Exxon, and General Electric.


Response: Descriptive statistics is a means of using summaries of a data sample to describe features of a larger data set. For example, a population census may include descriptive statistics regarding the ratio of men and women in a specific city.


Do Brokers/Dealers File an SEC Form ADV?

Response: Yes. Anyone who provides investment services to their clients is expected to file SEC Form ADV. This includes investment firms or individual advisers. It serves as a registration form with the Securities and Exchange Commission and it must also be filed with one or more state securities authorities.


Response: Since HOA fees pay for the amenities and maintenance in a community, those prices will vary from place to place. In high-cost-of-living cities like New York City, even basic maintenance will be more expensive than in low-cost-of-living cities because of higher minimum wages, power costs, and/or taxes. HOA fees may also be higher in condominiums than they are in single-family houses since the fees will pay for electricity, heating, cooling, etc. in common areas. In a recent survey, New York City was listed as the second highest median HOA cost in the nation behind Honolulu, with monthly fees of $410. On the other end of the spectrum, Harrisburg-Carlisle, Pa., had a median of $120.


What Is Repudiation of a Credit Default Swap?

Response: The repudiation of a credit default swap is when one party disputes the validity of a contract between a creditor and borrower.


Response: The money market is crucial for the smooth functioning of a modern financial economy. It allows savers to lend money to those in need of short-term loans and allocates capital towards its most productive use. These loans, often made overnight or for a matter of days or weeks, are needed by governments, corporations, and banks in order to meet their near-term obligations or regulatory requirements. At the same time, it allows those with excess cash on hand to earn interest.


Response: Misstating age or gender permits the insurance company, in most states, to adjust death benefits to reflect the policyholder’s true status. A life insurance company can refuse to pay benefits if a policyholder was so unwell when they applied for coverage that they died before the contestability period was over. In some states, an insurer can void a policy if deliberate fraud is proven.


Response: For investors, the main benefit of a CMBS is a reliable cash flow based on a fixed interest rate. Moreover, prepayment penalties help discourage borrowers from early payments, ensuring that the cash flow will continue for the full term of the loan.


Why Do Merchants Pay Higher Fees for Online Transactions?

Response: According to credit card companies, online transactions involve more financial risk than in-person transactions, where both the customer and their physical card are on hand. The higher merchant discount rates for online transactions are said to reflect that. In credit industry jargon, these are often referred to as "card present" vs. "card-not-present" transactions.


Response: Ex Works is a term used in shipping arrangements where the seller is only required to deliver goods at a predetermined location, and the buyer bears responsibility for shipping costs. Along with these costs, the buyer assumes responsibility for the related risks of the goods, which may include anything from customs regulations to loading and transferring to other ships. Ex Works falls under the Incoterms (International Commercial Terms), a standard framework of 11 terms designed to clarify various trade contracts.


Response: The economy often moves in a circle as money flows from one sector to another. Households spend money and businesses use that money to create new, better products for the households to buy in the future. Meanwhile, the businesses pay households for their time in helping develop those products. After adding in governments, investors, and foreign markets, the circular flow model depicts how cashflow moves money from one sector to the next in a systematic, organized way.


What Happens If Customers Never Pay What’s Due?

Response: When it becomes clear that an account receivable won’t get paid by a customer, it has to be written off as a bad debt expense or a one-time charge. Companies might also sell this outstanding debt to a third party—known as accounts receivable discounted or as AR factoring.


Response: Racketeering activity covers a range of crimes that involve committing, attempting to commit, conspiring to commit, or intentionally aiding, soliciting, coercing, or intimidating another person to commit a specified list of crimes. Among these, felonies include gambling activities, extortion, drug offenses, weapons offenses, murder, assault, prostitution, hazardous waste violations, securities violations, coercion, money laundering, arson, bribery, and forgery.


How Do You Calculate the Dividend Payout Ratio?

Response: It is commonly calculated on a per-share basis by dividing annual dividends per common share by earnings per share.


What Are the Most Active Listings on the NCDEX?

Response: While these are subject to change, the most active products on the NCDEX are currently contracts on currently contracts on guar seed, guar gum, and castor oil.


How Do You Fill out a 1099-MISC Form for an Independent Contractor?

Response: Form 1099-MISC is available on the IRS website for anyone who needs it. There are 18 boxes to fill out on the form, plus you must include the payee's name, address, a tax identification number for both the payee and recipient, plus the recipient's name and address. In addition, the IRS provides step-by-step instructions on how to fill it out.


Response: The expense ratio is calculated by dividing a fund's net expenses by its net assets.


What Happens When One of the Tenants in Common Dies?

Response: The ownership share of the deceased tenant is passed on to that tenant’s estate and handled in accordance with the deceased tenant’s will. Any surviving tenants continue owning and occupying the property.


Response: The Rule of 72 dates back to 1494 when Luca Pacioli referenced the rule in his comprehensive mathematics book called Summa de Arithmetica. Pacioli makes no derivation or explanation of why the rule may work, so some suspect the rule pre-dates Pacioli's novel.


What Is a Non-Depository Financial Institution?

Response: A non-depository institution is a type of financial institution that does not primarily rely on customer deposits for its main income. Instead, it acts as a third party to financial transactions. One example of a non-depository institution is a life insurance company. Insurance companies accept payment for insurance products, but they do not typically hold funds for safekeeping, as a depository does.


What Is a Current Account and Financial Account?

Response: The current account records imports and exports; the movement of goods in and out of a country, measuring the transfers between U.S. residents and foreign residents. A financial account measures the change in a country's ownership of international assets.


Response: The Group of 10 in economics is a group of 10 nations, which later became 11 nations, that participate in the General Arrangements to Borrow (GAB). GAB allows for a supplementary borrowing arrangement to be enacted if the IMF's resources are below a member's needs. The 11 members of the group are Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States.


Response: Similar to a traditional "HENRY", a millennial HENRY are those in the their early 30's earning a six-figure salary. These individuals, especially if they live in a high cost of living area, may leave them struggling to make ends meet or pay current bills despite having a very large income.


Response: The UPI systems that you can use in India consist of many banking/payment apps that allow you to use UPI. These include PhonePe, Google Pay, Axis Pay, and BHIM.


Response: The person receiving a gift usually is not required to pay gift tax. The recipient can opt to do so, though, especially if the amount would put the donor over their lifetime gift tax exclusion.


What Are the Differences Between an N.V. and B.V?

Response: There are several things that set an N.V. apart from a B.V., namely their structures, sizes, and minimum requirements. An N.V. is a public limited company while a B.V. is a private limited company. An N.V. is reserved for larger entities and they require a greater minimum startup capital requirement of at least €45,000 compared to €0.01 for a B.V.


What is a special maintenance requirement?

Response: The same maintenance requirements are not uniformly applied to everyone and everything. Some securities can carry higher maintenance requirements because they are deemed riskier. That's usually the case with more volatile or less liquid investments.


Response: Form 1095-C provides information about the health coverage offered by your employer and about whether you enrolled in this coverage. You can use Form 1095-C to help determine your eligibility for the premium tax credit.


Response: Many businesses are corporations, and vice versa.A business may seek to incorporate to establish its existence as a legal entity separate from its owners. This means that the owners cannot be held responsible for the debts of the corporation. It also means that the corporation can own assets, sue or be sued, and borrow money.


Response: A good information ratio starts at 0.5. Information ratios above signify progressively better results. Information ratios of 1 and above would be considered excellent.


Response: Excess kurtosis compares the kurtosis coefficient with that of a normal distribution. Most normal distributions are assumed to have a kurtosis of three, so excess kurtosis would be more or less than three; however, some models assume a normal distribution has a kurtosis of zero, so excess kurtosis would be more or less than zero.


Response: When someone buys from a new supplier, the supplier may request a letter of guarantee because they lack familiarity with the customer. Startup companies may also use letters of guarantee to prove they can afford large purchases despite a limited operating history.


Response: It depends on your outlook, proferences, and risk tolerance.


Response: Collateral is any item that can be taken to satisfy the value of a loan. Common forms of collateral include real estate, automobiles, jewelry, and other items of value.


Can Schedule D Be Completed Without Form 8949?

Response: No, a taxpayer with capital gains or losses to report must file both Form 8949 and Schedule D. Form 8949 displays a list of every transaction, including its cost basis, its sale date and price, and the total gain or loss. The total short-term and long-term gains or losses are then used on Schedule D to determine the total amount of capital gains taxes owed.


How much does workers’ compensation cost?

Response: The cost of workers’ compensation insurance varies by state, as do the mandated benefits. There also are different rates depending on whether the employees covered are performing low-risk or high-risk jobs.The fees for the insurance are based on the company’s payroll numbers. Just as examples:In California, workers’ comp costs an average of 40 cents for every $100 in payroll for low-risk workers and $33.57 for high-risk jobs.In Florida, the average is 26 cents per $100 for low-risk jobs and $19.40 for high-risk jobs.In New York, the average is 7 cents per $100 for low-risk jobs and $29.93 per $100 for high-risk jobs.


Response: As an ordinary investor, CUSIP numbers are not of much use. Instead, these are used primarily by brokerage and clearing firms to ensure that transactions are properly settled and recorded.


Response: Yield measures the realized return on a security over a set period of time. Typically, it applies to various bonds and stocks and is presented as a percentage of a security’s value. Key components that influence a security’s yield include dividends or the price movements of a security. Yield represents the cash flow that is returned to the investor, typically expressed on an annual basis.


What Were Freedom Dues for Indentured Servants?

Response: After serving their time as servants and paid with meals and housing, indentured servants were given "freedom dues" which often included a piece of land and supplies.


Response: Fisher's equation of exchange is MV=PT, where M = money supply, V = velocity of money, P = price level, and T = transactions. When T cannot be obtained, it is often substituted with Y, which is national income (nominal GDP).


Is Vision Insurance Separate From Health Insurance?

Response: Vision insurance is usually sold as an add-on to health insurance from your employer or you can purchase it separately.


What Happens To My Cash Balance Pension if I Quit?

Response: Your cash balance pension is portable, so you can take the vested portion with you when you quit and roll it into another retirement account.


Response: Present value is calculated by taking the future cash flows expected from an investment and discounting them back to the present day. To do so, the investor needs three key data points: the expected cash flows, the number of years in which the cash flows will be paid, and their discount rate. The discount rate is a very important factor in influencing the present value, with higher discount rates leading to a lower present value, and vice-versa. Using these variables, investors can calculate the present value using the formula:Present Value=FV(1+r)nwhere:FV=Future Valuer=Rate of returnn=Number of periods\begin{aligned} &\text{Present Value} = \dfrac{\text{FV}}{(1+r)^n}\\ &\textbf{where:}\\ &\text{FV} = \text{Future Value}\\ &r = \text{Rate of return}\\ &n = \text{Number of periods}\\ \end{aligned}Present Value=(1+r)nFVwhere:FV=Future Valuer=Rate of returnn=Number of periods


How Do Economic Changes Affect Asset Allocation Strategies?

Response: Economic cycles of growth and contraction greatly affect how you should allocate your assets. During bull markets, investors ordinarily prefer growth-oriented assets like stocks to profit from better market conditions. Alternatively, during downturns or recessions, investors tend to shift toward more conservative investments like bonds or cash equivalents, which can help preserve capital.


What Country Has the Highest Gini Index?

Response: South Africa, with a Gini coefficient of 63.0%, is currently recognized as the country with the highest income inequality.The World Population Review attributes this massive inequality to racial, gender, and geographic discrimination, with white males and urban workers in South Africa earning much better salaries than everyone else.


Response: Scrip is a type of alternative or substitute currency that can only be redeemed at a certain company. Rewards points, gift cards, and coupons are all familiar examples of scrip that can be used in place of legal tender.


Are My Stock and Mutual Fund Holdings Protected by the FDIC?

Response: No. FDIC insurance doesn't cover or offer loss reimbursement for mutual funds, stocks, annuities, life insurance policies, or bonds.


How Can You Get Six Sigma Certification?

Response: You can receive Six Sigma certification through private companies, associations, and some colleges. Keep in mind, though, that there is no single governing body that standardizes the curriculum. This means that courses can vary based on where you take them.


Response: In Nepal, $1 U.S. is worth 130.6 Nepalese rupees as of Oct. 2, 2022. It is approximately 127 rupees to one euro.


What Is a Common Misconception About Confidence Intervals?

Response: The biggest misconception regarding confidence intervals is that they represent the percentage of data from a given sample that falls between the upper and lower bounds. In other words, it would be incorrect to assume that a 99% confidence interval means that 99% of the data in a random sample falls between these bounds. What it actually means is that one can be 99% certain that the range will contain the population mean.


Response: Supply is influenced by prices and consumer demand. The number of suppliers available, the level of competition, the state of technology, and the presence of government support or restriction will play important roles. For certain products like agricultural commodities, supply is also impacted by factors such as weather and crop yields.


Does a Voluntary Lien Affect Your Credit?

Response: When you have a voluntary, or consensual, lien against your property, your credit score will not be directly affected as long as you abide by the loan terms. Creditors will be aware of the lien, so you won't be able to use that asset as collateral for other loans.


What Are the Benefits of Warehouse Lenders?

Response: For a small bank, cash flow can be an issue. Borrowing from a warehouse lender allows smaller banks to do a higher volume of mortgage lending, without depleting their cash reserves. Since they quickly sell the loans after closing, it also means they don't have to service the loans for their term length.


Response: A notary is a public official trusted by a state government to witness signatures and verify that transactions occurred or that something documented actually happened.


What Is Active Income vs. Passive Income?

Response: Active income is earned through producing or helping to produce a product or service. Passive income is received without any substantial effort. Active income and passive income are both taxable, usually at the same rate. However, the difference is important when a taxpayer has losses in passive income. In such cases, the passive activity loss rules forbid taxpayers from using passive losses to reduce active or earned income.


Response: In extractive industries, "downstream" refers to the last stages of operation, just before products are sold to consumers. In petrochemical industries, this can include refining and transportation to the final destination.


Where Is the Asian Development Bank Headquartered?

Response: The Asian Development Bank has its headquarters in Manila, Philippines.


How Do Nonfarm Payrolls Impact the Financial Market?

Response: The report contains data and statistics regarding the employment situation in the United States, which can identify trends in economic growth, inflation, housing starts, and gross domestic product, all of which affect the movement of financial markets.


Response: A strike price is the price designated by an options contract as the price at which an investor has the right to buy (with a call option) or sell (with a put option) the contract's underlying security.


Response: To become a real estate agent, you need to obtain a real estate agent license. There are a few qualifications for this, and they can vary from state to state. In general, a person needs to be 18 years of age, be a legal resident of the U.S., complete the required relicense education, and pass the real estate exam. Individuals can enroll in relicensing courses before taking the real estate exam.


Response: Market share shows the size of a company, a useful metric in illustrating a company’s dominance and competitiveness in a given field. Market share is calculated as the percentage of company sales compared to the total share of sales in its respective industry over a period. A company’s market share can influence its operations significantly, namely, its share performance, scalability, and prices that it asks for its products or services.


Response: Almost always. The exception is the exempt-interest dividends that are paid to shareholders of mutual funds that invest some or all of their assets in tax-exempt municipal bonds.The amount of taxable distributions and any tax-exempt distributions that you have received from a mutual fund will be recorded in the IRS Form 1099-DIV that you receive from the fund company after the end of the calendar year.


What Is a Substantially Identical Security and How Does It Affect Tax-Loss Harvesting?

Response: The investor cannot violate the IRS' wash sale rule by selling an asset at a loss and buying a substantially identical asset within 30 days before or after that sale. Doing so will invalidate the tax loss write-off. A substantially identical security is defined as a security issued by the same company or a derivative contract issued on the same security.


Response: The Japanese terminology for the moving average lines used in the Ichimoku cloud are called the Tenkan and Kijun Sen.The Tenkan Sen is the average of the highest high and the lowest low calculated over the previous nine periods.The Kijun Sen is the average of the highest high and the lowest low over the past 26 periods.


Response: Economics is a branch of the sciences that seeks to understand the way a population functions by studying the way its economy functions. Every group of people develops a survival plan based on shared labor and resources. How they do that, and how well they succeed at it, is the study of economics.


What Is Days to Cover, and Is It Useful for Identifying Short Squeeze Targets?

Response: Days to cover, also known as the short interest ratio, is calculated by taking a stock’s total number of shares sold short and dividing that number by the stock’s average daily trading volume. For example, if a stock has one million shares sold short and its average daily trading volume is 100,000 shares, then the days to cover would be 10 days. That is, it would take 10 days for short sellers to cover their entire short position based on the average daily volume of shares traded.In general, the higher a stock’s days-to-cover figure, the more susceptible it may be to a short squeeze. If days to cover for stock A and stock B are two days and 20 days, respectively, then stock B may be more vulnerable as a short squeeze target.


Response: Both developers and security testers can conduct gray box testing. White box testing is conducted by developers and testers who are very familiar with the code used to write the software. Black box testing is conducted by testers who don't need to know the software's code. Gray box testing is a hybrid of the two and can be conducted by experts who conduct both white box and black box testing.


Response: Detective internal controls attempt to find problems within a company's processes once they have occurred. They may be employed in accordance with many different goals, such as quality control, fraud prevention, and legal compliance. Here, the most important activity is reconciliation, which compares data sets. Other detective controls include internal and external audits.


Response: They are a trio of regulatory agreements formed by the Basel Committee on Bank Supervision. The Committee weighs in on regulations that concern a bank's capital risk, market risk, and operational risk. The purpose of the agreements is to ensure that banks (and other financial institutions) always have enough capital to deal with unexpected losses.


What Determines How Far Apart Strike Prices Are?

Response: For listed options, strike prices are set by criteria established by the OCC or an exchange, typically with $2.50 distance for strikes below $25, $5 increments for those trading from $25 through $200, and $10 increments for strikes above $200. In general, the strikes will be wider for stocks with higher prices and with less liquidity or trading activity. New strikes may also be requested to be added by contacting the OCC or an exchange.


Response: A receivable is created any time money is owed to a firm for services rendered or products provided that have not yet been paid. This can be from a sale to a customer on store credit, or a subscription or installment payment that is due after goods or services have been received.


What Does a Diluted EPS Tell Shareholders?

Response: Diluted EPS considers what would happen if dilutive securities were exercised. Dilutive securities are securities that are not common stock but can be converted to common stock if the holder exercises that option. If converted, dilutive securities effectively increase the weighted number of shares outstanding, which decreases EPS, thereby devaluing a shareholder's existing equity stake.


What Is the Law of Large Numbers in Psychology?

Response: Similar to other examples above, the law of large numbers in psychology translates to how a larger number of trials often leads to a more accurate expected value. As more trials are performed, the closer the projection is to being a correct medical assessment.


How Do You Calculate the True Strength Index?

Response: You can use the following steps to calculate the TSI:Record price and absolute price changes to calculate an exponential moving average for both values.Calculate the price change 25-period EMA and the absolute price change 25-period EMA.Apply a 13-period EMA to each to smooth them.


Response: The price of index futures tracks the value of the underlying index but won't be precisely the same as it. Things that impact the price of a futures contract include how much time remains until the contract expires, the date, the current value of the index, and the interest rate charged by the broker.


Response: You should receive a Form 1095-A by mid-January of the year following the coverage year, either by mail or in your HealthCare.gov accounts. If you don't receive your form, or there is a mistake on it, you can contact HealthCare.gov directly.


What Is the Acceptance Rate of Cambridge Judge Business School?

Response: The Cambridge Judge Business School has an acceptance rate of approximately 31%. This rate will fluctuate slightly from year to year.


Response: A request for proposal (RFP) is an open request for bids to complete a new project proposed by the company or other organization that issues it. It is meant to open up competition and to encourage a variety of alternative proposals that might be considered by the project's planners.


What Are Examples of Trend Trading Strategies?

Response: Trend trading strategies attempt to isolate and extract profit from trends by combining a variety of technical indicators along with the financial instrument's price action. Typically, these include moving averages, momentum indicators, and trendlines, and chart patterns.Moving averages strategies involve entering into long, or short, positions when the short-term moving average crosses above, or below, a long-term moving average. Momentum indicator strategies involve entering into positions when a security is exhibiting strong momentum and exiting when that wanes. Trendlines and chart pattern strategies involve entering long, or short, positions when a security is trending higher, or lower, and placing a stop-loss below, or above, key trendline support levels to exit the trade.


Response: While closing whole loans generates fast cash, sometimes a lender would rather originate loans as opposed to servicing them. By selling them to another company, the original lender secures funds it can use to originate more loans.


How Do You Interpret Days Sales of Inventory?

Response: DSI estimates how many days it takes on average to completely sell a company's current inventories.


Response: Investors may have a preference on the level of correlation within their portfolio. In general, most investors will prefer to have a lower correlation as this mitigates risk in their portfolios of different assets or securities being impacted by similar market conditions. However, risk-seeking investors or investors wanting to put their money into a very specific type of sector or company may be willing to have higher correlation within their portfolio in exchange for greater potential returns.


Response: A liquidity trap happens when individuals hold onto their money rather than spend or invest it. People anticipate that prices will remain stagnant or fall, so they prefer the safety of holding onto their money. This can hamper efforts by central banks to boost economic activity. It can also happen when yields fall so low that people hesitate to buy bonds. As a result, changes in the money supply have little effect on changing economic behavior, leaving an economy stuck in a period of slow growth and low inflation or even deflation.


Response: Being long a share of stock is always +1.0 delta, and being short stock a delta of -1.0.


What Are the Key Characteristics of a Telegraphic Transfer?

Response: Telegraphic transfers provide a level of security as well as a set of standards and regulations to control how the transfers take place. Generally, the TT is complete within two to four business days, depending on the origin and destination of the transfer, as well as any currency exchange requirements. TTs are also usually fairly expensive—the price one pays for the rapid service.


What GPA Is Required for Harvard's MBA Program?

Response: Though Harvard does not say it requires a specific GPA for its MBA program, the class of 2024 had an average GPA of 3.70.


What is considered high risk for life insurance?

Response: High-risk activities are a concern for life insurers because they can cause an untimely death for someone who is insured, earlier than actuarial models would otherwise predict. Such activities may include piloting aircraft, paragliding, bungee jumping, scuba diving, racing cars, off-roading, and so on. The exact activities will vary by insurer.


What are examples of private finance initiative (PFI) projects?

Response: Private finance initiatives (PFIs) typically include major government projects such as highways, public transport, airports, bridges, and tunnels. Other examples of private finance initiatives include hospitals, arenas, prisons, and public schools.


Are Round Lots More Common Than Odd Lots?

Response: Round lots are among the most common large trading orders as they incur the lowest trading fees. But odd lots are becoming more common among traders and brokers. That's because automated and electronic trading makes it easier to execute these trades at lower costs.


Response: Whether NAFTA helped the U.S. economy is a matter of some debate. Trade between the United States and its North American neighbors more than tripled, from roughly $290 billion in 1993 to more than $1.1 trillion in 2016. Cross-border investments also surged, and U.S. GDP overall rose slightly.But economists find it's been tough to target the deal’s direct effects from other factors, including rapid technological change and expanded trade with countries such as China. Meanwhile, debate persists regarding NAFTA’s effect on employment, which was badly hit in certain industries, and wages, which largely remained stagnant.


Response: An interest rate swap occurs when two parties exchange (i.e., swap) future interest payments based on a specified principal amount. Among the primary reasons why financial institutions use interest rate swaps are to hedge against losses, manage credit risk, or speculate. Interest rate swaps are traded on over-the-counter (OTC) markets, designed to suit the needs of each party, with the most common swap being a fixed exchange rate for a floating rate, also known as a vanilla swap.


What Are the Drawbacks of Make to Stock?

Response: In order for make to stock to be an effective strategy accurate forecasts are a must. An inaccurate forecast can result is excess inventory or the inability to meet demand.


Why Is the Price-to-Sales (P/S) Ratio Useful to Investors?

Response: The P/S ratio, also known as a sales multiple or revenue multiple, is a key analysis and valuation tool for investors and analysts. The ratio shows how much investors are willing to pay per dollar of sales. It can be calculated either by dividing the company’s market capitalization by its total sales over a designated period (usually twelve months) or on a per-share basis by dividing the stock price by sales per share. Like all ratios, the P/S ratio is most relevant when used to compare companies in the same sector. A low ratio may indicate the stock is undervalued, while a ratio that is significantly above the average may suggest overvaluation.


What Is the Difference Between CME and CBOT?

Response: CME is the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and trades similarly to the NYMEX, that is to say, that it trades in commodities and futures and includes energy, metals, etc. CBOT is the Chicago Board of Trade and while it is now under the CME umbrella, before the merger in 2006 the CBOT used vastly different rules, regulations, trading engines, and traded with different offerings.


What is the Best Timeframe for the Inverse Head and Shoulders Pattern?

Response: The best timeframe largely depends on the trader's investment objectives. Day traders may tend to use intraday charts such as the 1-minute, 5-minute or 15-minute charts. Swing traders trend to use hourly charts. Position traders and long term investors would tend to focus on daily, weekly or monthly timeframes.


Which Extensions of Credit Does Regulation O Cover?

Response: Regulation O covers insider loans, where there is any sort of indebtedness upon which an insider may be liable as guarantor. Examples would include extensions of credit by a member bank to an executive officer, director, or principal shareholder of the member bank; a bank holding company of which the member bank is a subsidiary; and any other subsidiary of that bank holding company.


How Is the Interest Coverage Ratio Calculated?

Response: The ratio is calculated by dividing EBIT (or some variation thereof) by interest on debt expenses (the cost of borrowed funding) during a given period, usually annually.


Response: The negotiability of the money depends on the dealer. Some dealers may explicitly state the money factor is not negotiable, while others are open to negotiating the money factor to align to current market interest rates.


What Role Does the Marginal Propensity To Consume Have in Economics?

Response: In Keynesian macroeconomic theory, the marginal propensity to consume is a key variable in showing the multiplier effect of economic stimulus spending. Specifically, it suggests that a boost in government spending will increase consumer income, and in turn, consumer spending will rise. On a macro level, this increase in investment will lead to a higher aggregate level of demand.


Response: Structured notes are considered complicated investments because of the intricacies involved. Since they involved both a debt obligation and a derivative, it's important for investors to understand how these two elements work. Having said that, investment banks typically create structured notes for more sophisticated investors like hedge funds and institutional investors.


Response: An e-commerce website is any site that allows you to buy and sell products and services online. Companies like Amazon and Alibaba are examples of e-commerce websites.


Response: The Housing Choice Voucher Program, also known as Section 8 housing, is a federal program that helps low-income or disabled families obtain affordable private housing. Eligible families can use their vouchers toward any sort of home and are not limited to subsidized housing projects or apartment units.


Response: Bicameral literally means "two chambers," and in practice refers to a government structure involving two houses, or two legislative bodies, that are separate in deliberation from one another.


Response: An oil crisis began in October 1973 when the members of OPEC, led by Saudi Arabia, proclaimed an oil embargo, a ban on the trade of oil. The embargo was targeted at nations that had supported Israel during the Yom Kippur War and included Canada, Japan, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States. By the end of the embargo in March 1974, the price of oil had risen nearly 300% and caused an oil crisis, or "shock", with many short- and long-term effects on global politics and the global economy.


Response: A common example of a tax shield is mortgage interest. A person buys a house with a mortgage and pays interest on that mortgage. That interest is tax deductible, which is offset against the person's taxable income. This then reduces their overall tax burden.


How Much of Your Net Worth Should You Spend on a Vacation Home?

Response: Financial advisers may suggest no more than 10% to 15% of one's net worth should be tied to a vacation property. Another aspect to consider is ongoing, stable income. Make sure any vacation property investment expenses can be covered by monthly cash inflows whether via income, government benefits, or retirement savings.


How Does Winsorized Mean Impact Hypothesis Testing?

Response: Winsorized mean can affect the results of hypothesis testing by reducing the impact of extreme values on statistical tests. In cases where outliers might lead to erroneous conclusions, winsorized mean can provide more reliable test outcomes, making it a useful tool in hypothesis testing with non-normal or skewed data.


Who Supervises the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA)?

Response: The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) writes rules to implement ECOA and supervises institutions (e.g., banks and lending companies) to ensure they follow the law. Several other federal agencies share the job of supervising for compliance, including the:Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)National Credit Union Administration (NCUA)Federal Reserve Board (FRB)Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC)The CFPB enforces ECOA with the agencies listed above, the Department of Justice, and the Federal Trade Commission.


What Are Some Examples of the 4 Ps of Marketing?

Response: Place refers to where consumers buy your product, or where they discover it. Today's consumers may learn about products and buy them online, through a smartphone app, at retail locations, or through a sales professional.Price refers to the cost of the product or service. Properly determining product price includes an analysis of the competition, the demand, production costs, and what consumers are willing to spend. Various pricing models may be considering, such as choosing between one-time purchase and subscription models.The product a company provides depends on the type of company and what they do best. For example, McDonald's provides consistent fast food in a casual setting. They may expand their offerings, but they wouldn't stray far from their core identity.Promotion refers to specific and thoughtful advertising that reaches the target market for the product. A company might use an Instagram campaign, a public relations campaign, advertising placement, an email campaign, or some combination of all of these to reach the right audience in the right place.


How Much Money Is Invested in Green Funds?

Response: Estimates of the total portfolio value of green funds vary widely, due to the subjective meaning of the term. According to the Forum for Sustainable and Responsible Investment, there were $3.1 trillion in assets managed by registered investment companies with ESG criteria, such as mutual funds and index funds, in 2020.


Response: Divide the total number of accounts receivable during a given period by the total dollar value of credit sales during the same period, then multiply the result by the number of days in the period being measured.


Response: Inheritance tax rules vary by state. Most states divide beneficiaries into different classes, depending on their family relationship to the deceased (immediate, lineal, unrelated), and set exemptions and tax rates based on those categories. Most states only apply tax to an inheritance above a certain amount. They then charge a percentage of this sum, either as a flat rate or graduated.


Response: Although e-checks are as vulnerable as any other online bank transaction, they can be considered safer than traditional paper checks, which are riskier because they are tangible, physical documents—which can be stolen and forged.


What Are Common Value Investing Metrics?

Response: Along with analyzing a company’s price-to-earnings ratio, which can illustrate how expensive it is in relation to its earnings, common metrics include the price-to-book ratio, free cash flow (FCF), and debt-to-equity ratio (D/E).


Response: A tax base may be broad or narrow depending on the number of people within a tax jurisdiction who are subject to a tax. A luxury tax, for example, may be levied only on those who buy yachts or high-end cars, making it a narrow tax base.Most state sales taxes are a narrow base. They omit necessities like food and medicine to avoid over-taxing the poorest residents, who pay a disproportionately high sales tax on goods as a percentage of their income.


How Much Money Do Corporations Put in Tax Havens?

Response: In 2022, U.S. companies shifted a collective $800 billion in profits to overseas jurisdictions, $369 billion of that to countries considered tax havens. Worldwide, multinational corporations shifted nearly a trillion dollars of profits to tax havens.


How Do You Start an E-commerce Business?

Response: Make sure you do your research before you start your business. Figure out what products and services you're going to sell and look into the market, target audience, competition, and expected costs.Next, come up with a name, choose a business structure, and get the necessary documentation (taxpayer numbers, licenses, and permits if they apply).Before you start selling, decide on a platform and design your website (or have someone do it for you).Remember to keep everything simple at the beginning and make sure you use as many channels as you can to market your business so it can grow.


Response: Foreign investors are allowed to own up to 100% of Qatari companies; however, for most investors, accessing such holdings is difficult. Instead, U.S. investors can look to the iShares MSCI Qatar ETF (QAT), which tracks the country's stock market.


What Are the Tax Implications of Owning Leveraged ETFs?

Response: LETFs have unique tax implications because of their frequent trading and rebalancing. They can generate higher short-term capital gains inside the fund, which are taxed at a higher rate than long-term capital gains. Also, the use of derivatives and other financial instruments in these ETFs can lead to complex tax situations in certain cases. It's advisable to consult a tax professional for guidance specific to your circumstances.


Response: Securities that were listed on the OTCBB included those that traded on the OTC market, such as stocks, warrants, units, and ADRs.


Response: A speculator buys properties because they have reason to believe that the market or some factor in the economy will increase in value, sometimes in a short period. The goal is to "flip" the property and sell it as soon as this occurs, reaping a profit. Unlike a speculator, an investor anticipates more of a long-term profit due to factors other than or in addition to market volatility.


Response: Pooled financial securities are generally broken into three tranches: senior, mezzanine, and junior. Each tranche has a different level of risk and, therefore, a different level of return. Senior tranches have the least risk and the lowest returns while junior tranches have the highest risk and the highest returns. Mezzanine tranches sit between the two.


Response: There are a few different ways to bid on government contracts. You may have to register your company with the appropriate agency or website in order to compete for these jobs. Most government contracts are open for bids through a sealed-bid process, which means you can't see how your competition is bidding.You can bid for the contract yourself through government bidding portals, which can often take a lot of time. You can also use a bidding service, which can provide you with information on various government contracts available in your area.


Response: Yes, your pension income is taxed and you will be taxed at your ordinary income at the time you receive your pension money.


Response: Different tax bases include income, assets, and economic activity (such as sales or purchases). In terms of tax systems, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) defines these three tax types:A progressive tax takes a larger percentage of income from high-income groups than from low-income groups.A proportional tax takes the same percentage of income from all income groups.A regressive tax takes a larger percentage of income from low-income groups than from high-income groups.By these definitions, the U.S. has a progressive federal income tax system. Its Social Security tax and property tax systems are regressive.Sales taxes are also regressive, since everyone pays the same percentage of tax for purchases, regardless of income.


How Long Can Deferment on Student Loans Last?

Response: Deferment on a federal student loan can last up to three years.