{"instruction": "When did Virgin Australia start operating?", "context": "Virgin Australia, the trading name of Virgin Australia Airlines Pty Ltd, is an Australian-based airline. It is the largest airline by fleet size to use the Virgin brand. It commenced services on 31 August 2000 as Virgin Blue, with two aircraft on a single route. It suddenly found itself as a major airline in Australia's domestic market after the collapse of Ansett Australia in September 2001. The airline has since grown to directly serve 32 cities in Australia, from hubs in Brisbane, Melbourne and Sydney.", "response": "Virgin Australia commenced services on 31 August 2000 as Virgin Blue, with two aircraft on a single route.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "Which is a species of fish? Tope or Rope", "context": "", "response": "Tope", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Why can camels survive for long without water?", "context": "", "response": "Camels use the fat in their humps to keep them filled with energy and hydration for long periods of time.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Alice's parents have three daughters: Amy, Jessy, and what\u2019s the name of the third daughter?", "context": "", "response": "The name of the third daughter is Alice", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "When was Tomoaki Komorida born?", "context": "Komorida was born in Kumamoto Prefecture on July 10, 1981. After graduating from high school, he joined the J1 League club Avispa Fukuoka in 2000. Although he debuted as a midfielder in 2001, he did not play much and the club was relegated to the J2 League at the end of the 2001 season. In 2002, he moved to the J2 club Oita Trinita. He became a regular player as a defensive midfielder and the club won the championship in 2002 and was promoted in 2003. He played many matches until 2005. In September 2005, he moved to the J2 club Montedio Yamagata. In 2006, he moved to the J2 club Vissel Kobe. Although he became a regular player as a defensive midfielder, his gradually was played less during the summer. In 2007, he moved to the Japan Football League club Rosso Kumamoto (later Roasso Kumamoto) based in his local region. He played as a regular player and the club was promoted to J2 in 2008. Although he did not play as much, he still played in many matches. In 2010, he moved to Indonesia and joined Persela Lamongan. In July 2010, he returned to Japan and joined the J2 club Giravanz Kitakyushu. He played often as a defensive midfielder and center back until 2012 when he retired.", "response": "Tomoaki Komorida was born on July 10,1981.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "If I have more pieces at the time of stalemate, have I won?", "context": "Stalemate is a situation in chess where the player whose turn it is to move is not in check and has no legal move. Stalemate results in a draw. During the endgame, stalemate is a resource that can enable the player with the inferior position to draw the game rather than lose. In more complex positions, stalemate is much rarer, usually taking the form of a swindle that succeeds only if the superior side is inattentive.[citation needed] Stalemate is also a common theme in endgame studies and other chess problems.\n\nThe outcome of a stalemate was standardized as a draw in the 19th century. Before this standardization, its treatment varied widely, including being deemed a win for the stalemating player, a half-win for that player, or a loss for that player; not being permitted; and resulting in the stalemated player missing a turn. Stalemate rules vary in other games of the chess family.", "response": "No. \nStalemate is a drawn position. It doesn't matter who has captured more pieces or is in a winning position", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "Given a reference text about Lollapalooza, where does it take place, who started it and what is it?", "context": "Lollapalooza /\u02ccl\u0252l\u0259p\u0259\u02c8lu\u02d0z\u0259/ (Lolla) is an annual American four-day music festival held in Grant Park in Chicago. It originally started as a touring event in 1991, but several years later, Chicago became its permanent location. Music genres include but are not limited to alternative rock, heavy metal, punk rock, hip hop, and electronic dance music. Lollapalooza has also featured visual arts, nonprofit organizations, and political organizations. The festival, held in Grant Park, hosts an estimated 400,000 people each July and sells out annually. Lollapalooza is one of the largest and most iconic music festivals in the world and one of the longest-running in the United States.\n\nLollapalooza was conceived and created in 1991 as a farewell tour by Perry Farrell, singer of the group Jane's Addiction.", "response": "Lollapalooze is an annual musical festival held in Grant Park in Chicago, Illinois. It was started in 1991 as a farewell tour by Perry Farrell, singe of the group Jane's Addiction. The festival includes an array of musical genres including alternative rock, heavy metal, punk rock, hip hop, and electronic dance music. The festivals welcomes an estimated 400,000 people each year and sells out annually. Some notable headliners include: the Red Hot Chili Peppers, Chance the Rapper, Metallica, and Lady Gage. Lollapalooza is one of the largest and most iconic festivals in the world and a staple of Chicago.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "Who gave the UN the land in NY to build their HQ", "context": "", "response": "John D Rockerfeller", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Why mobile is bad for human", "context": "", "response": "We are always engaged one phone which is not good.", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "Who was John Moses Browning?", "context": "John Moses Browning (January 23, 1855 \u2013 November 26, 1926) was an American firearm designer who developed many varieties of military and civilian firearms, cartridges, and gun mechanisms \u2013 many of which are still in use around the world. He made his first firearm at age 13 in his father's gun shop and was awarded the first of his 128 firearm patents on October 7, 1879, at the age of 24. He is regarded as one of the most successful firearms designers of the 19th and 20th centuries and pioneered the development of modern repeating, semi-automatic, and automatic firearms.\n\nBrowning influenced nearly all categories of firearms design, especially the autoloading of ammunition. He invented, or made significant improvements to, single-shot, lever-action, and pump-action rifles and shotguns. He developed the first reliable and compact autoloading pistols by inventing the telescoping bolt, then integrating the bolt and barrel shroud into what is known as the pistol slide. Browning's telescoping bolt design is now found on nearly every modern semi-automatic pistol, as well as several modern fully automatic weapons. He also developed the first gas-operated firearm, the Colt\u2013Browning Model 1895 machine gun \u2013 a system that surpassed mechanical recoil operation to become the standard for most high-power self-loading firearm designs worldwide. He also made significant contributions to automatic cannon development.\n\nBrowning's most successful designs include the M1911 pistol, the water-cooled M1917, the air-cooled M1919, and heavy M2 machine guns, the M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle, and the Browning Auto-5 \u2013 the first semi-automatic shotgun. Some of these arms are still manufactured, often with only minor changes in detail and cosmetics to those assembled by Browning or his licensees. The Browning-designed M1911 and Hi-Power are some of the most copied firearms in the world.", "response": "John Moses Browning is one of the most well-known designer of modern firearms.  He started building firearms in his father's shop at the age of 13, and was awarded his first patent when he was 24.\n\nHe  designed the first reliable automatic pistol, and the first gas-operated firearm, as well inventing or improving single-shot, lever-action, and pump-action rifles and shotguns.\n\nToday, he is most well-known for the M1911 pistol, the Browning Automatic Rifle, and the Auto-5 shotgun, all of which are in still in current production in either their original design, or with minor changes.  His M1911 and Hi-Power pistols designs are some of the most reproduced firearms in the world today.", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "Who is Thomas Jefferson?", "context": "Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 \u2013 July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, diplomat, lawyer, architect, philosopher, and Founding Father who served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809. Among the Committee of Five charged by the Second Continental Congress with authoring the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson was the Declaration's primary author. Following the American Revolutionary War and prior to becoming the nation's third president in 1801, Jefferson was the first United States secretary of state under George Washington and then the nation's second vice president under John Adams.", "response": "Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 \u2013 July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, diplomat, lawyer, architect, philosopher, and Founding Father who served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809. Among the Committee of Five charged by the Second Continental Congress with authoring the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson was the Declaration's primary author. Following the American Revolutionary War and prior to becoming the nation's third president in 1801, Jefferson was the first United States secretary of state under George Washington and then the nation's second vice president under John Adams.\n\nAmong the nation's Founding Fathers, Jefferson is considered unmatched in his intellectual depth and breadth. His passionate writings and advocacy for human rights, including freedom of thought, speech, and religion, were a leading inspiration behind the American Revolution, which ultimately gave rise to the American Revolutionary War, American independence, and the United States Constitution. Jefferson's ideas were globally influential in shaping and inspiring the Age of Enlightenment, which proved transformational in the late 17th and 18th centuries. He was a leading proponent of democracy, republicanism, and individual rights, and produced formative documents and decisions at the state, national, and international levels.\n\nDuring the American Revolution, Jefferson represented Virginia in the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia, which adopted the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. As a Virginia legislator, he drafted a state law for religious freedom. He served as the second Governor of Virginia from 1779 to 1781, during the Revolutionary War. In 1785, Jefferson was appointed the United States Minister to France, and subsequently, the nation's first secretary of state under President George Washington from 1790 to 1793. Jefferson and James Madison organized the Democratic-Republican Party to oppose the Federalist Party during the formation of the First Party System. With Madison, he anonymously wrote the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions in 1798 and 1799, which sought to strengthen states' rights by nullifying the federal Alien and Sedition Acts.\n\nJefferson and Federalist John Adams became friends as well as political rivals, serving in the Continental Congress and drafting the Declaration of Independence together. In the 1796 presidential election between the two, Jefferson came in second, which according to electoral procedure at the time, made him vice president to Adams. Jefferson challenged Adams again in 1800 and won the presidency. After his term in office, Jefferson eventually reconciled with Adams and they shared a correspondence that lasted 14 years. He and Adams both died on the same day, July 4, 1826, which was also the 50th anniversary of Declaration of Independence.\n\nAs president, Jefferson pursued the nation's shipping and trade interests against Barbary pirates and aggressive British trade policies. Starting in 1803, he promoted a western expansionist policy with the Louisiana Purchase, which doubled the nation's claimed land area. To make room for settlement, Jefferson began the process of Indian tribal removal from the newly acquired territory. As a result of peace negotiations with France, his administration reduced military forces. He was re-elected in 1804, but his second term was beset with difficulties at home, including the trial of former vice president Aaron Burr. In 1807, American foreign trade was diminished when Jefferson implemented the Embargo Act in response to British threats to U.S. shipping. The same year, Jefferson signed the Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves.\n\nJefferson was a plantation owner, lawyer, and politician, and mastered many disciplines including surveying, mathematics, horticulture, and mechanics. He was also an architect in the Palladian tradition. Jefferson's keen interest in religion and philosophy led to his appointment as president of the American Philosophical Society. He largely shunned organized religion but was influenced by Christianity, Epicureanism, and deism. Jefferson rejected fundamental Christianity, denying Christ's divinity. A philologist, Jefferson knew several languages. He was a prolific letter writer and corresponded with many prominent people, including Edward Carrington, John Taylor of Caroline, and James Madison. In 1785, Jefferson authored Notes on the State of Virginia, considered perhaps the most important American book published before 1800. Jefferson championed the ideals, values, and teachings of the Enlightenment.\n\nSince the 1790s, Jefferson was rumored to have had children by his sister-in-law and slave Sally Hemings, leading to what is known as the Jefferson-Hemings controversy. A 1998 DNA test concluded that one of Sally Hemings's children, Eston Hemings, was of the Jefferson male line. According to scholarly consensus, based on documentary and statistical evaluation, as well as oral history, Jefferson probably fathered at least six children with Hemings, including four that survived to adulthood.\n\nAfter retiring from public office, Jefferson founded the University of Virginia. Presidential scholars and historians generally praise Jefferson's public achievements, including his advocacy of religious freedom and tolerance in Virginia, his peaceful acquisition of the Louisiana Territory from France without war or controversy, and his ambitious and successful Lewis and Clark Expedition. Some modern historians are critical of Jefferson's personal involvement with slavery. Jefferson is consistently ranked among the top ten presidents of American history.", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "Who was Kyle Van Zyl playing against when he scored 36 of hisa teams 61 points?", "context": "Van Zyl joined the Eastern Province Kings Academy, where he played for the Eastern Province U19 side in the 2010 Under-19 Provincial Championship. He was a key player for the Eastern Province U21 side in the 2012 Under-21 Provincial Championship, scoring 71 points in eight appearances. Van Zyl was under the Top SARU Performers, scoring the most tries at 6 in the 2012 Provincial Under 21 in the Rugby Junior Provincials.\n\nThis included a record and a remarkable personal haul in their opening match, when he scored 36 of his team's points in a 61\u20133 victory over Boland U21, consisting of four tries and eight conversions and was awarded Man of the Match.", "response": "Kyle Van Zyl was playing against Boland U21 when he scored 36 points, leading his team to victory in a 61-3 win.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "From the passage list down the areas for which Dar es Salaam is Tanzania's most prominent city. List the results in comma separated format.", "context": "Dar es Salaam (/\u02ccd\u0251\u02d0r \u025bs s\u0259\u02c8l\u0251\u02d0m/; from Arabic: \u062f\u064e\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0645, romanized: D\u00e2r es-Sel\u00e2m, lit.\u2009'Abode of Peace') or commonly known as Dar, is the largest city and financial hub of Tanzania. It is also the capital of Dar es Salaam Region. With a population of over six million people, Dar is the largest city in East Africa and the seventh-largest in Africa. Located on the Swahili coast, Dar es Salaam is an important economic centre and is one of the fastest-growing cities in the world.\n\nThe town was founded by Majid bin Said, the first Sultan of Zanzibar, in 1865 or 1866. It was the main administrative and commercial center of German East Africa, Tanganyika, and Tanzania. The decision was made in 1974 to move the capital to Dodoma and was officially completed in 1996.\n\nDar es Salaam is Tanzania's most prominent city for arts, fashion, media, film, television, and finance. It is the capital of the co-extensive Dar es Salaam Region, one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions, and consists of five districts: Kinondoni in the north; Ilala in the centre; Ubungo and Temeke in the south; and Kigamboni in the east across the Kurasini estuary.", "response": "arts, fashion, media, film, television, finance", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "What is a polygon?", "context": "", "response": "A polygon is a form in Geometry.  It is a single dimensional plane made of connecting lines and any number of vertices.  It is a closed chain of connected line segments or edges.  The vertices of the polygon are formed where two edges meet.  Examples of polygons are hexagons, pentagons, and octagons.  Any plane that does not contain edges or vertices is not a polygon.  An example of a non-polygon is a circle.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "How do I start running?", "context": "", "response": "Make sure you get comfortable running shoes and attire. Start with achievable goal in mind like a 5K race. If you never ran before, start gradually from a walk, to brisk walk, light jog aiming for 15-30mins initially. Slowly increase your running time and distance as your fitness level improves. One of the most important things is cool down and gentle stretching. Always listen to your body, and take rest days when needed to prevent injury.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Which episodes of season four of Game of Thrones did Michelle MacLaren direct?", "context": "", "response": "She directed \"Oathkeeper\" and \"First of His Name\" the fourth and fifth episodes of season four, respectively.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is process mining?", "context": "Process mining is a family of techniques relating the fields of data science and process management to support the analysis of operational processes based on event logs. The goal of process mining is to turn event data into insights and actions. Process mining is an integral part of data science, fueled by the availability of event data and the desire to improve processes.Process mining techniques use event data to show what people, machines, and organizations are really doing. Process mining provides novel insights that can be used to identify the executional path taken by operational processes and address their performance and compliance problems.\n\nProcess mining starts from event data. Input for process mining is an event log. An event log views a process from a particular angle. Each event in the log should contain (1) a unique identifier for a particular process instance (called case id), (2) an activity (description of the event that is occurring), and (3) a timestamp. There may be additional event attributes referring to resources, costs, etc., but these are optional. With some effort, such data can be extracted from any information system supporting operational processes. Process mining uses these event data to answer a variety of process-related questions.", "response": "Process mining brings together data mining, data science and process management to find process efficiencies.", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "What are some unique curtain tie backs that you can make yourself?", "context": "", "response": "There are many items you can use to make a curtain tie back. Some ideas for this include a chain, a circle and pin, jute rope, wooden beaded rope, a necklack or bracelet, a door knob, a length of a leather belt, macrame rope, or a string of artificial flowers.", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "What is a dispersive prism?", "context": "In optics, a dispersive prism is an optical prism that is used to disperse light, that is, to separate light into its spectral components (the colors of the rainbow). Different wavelengths (colors) of light will be deflected by the prism at different angles. This is a result of the prism material's index of refraction varying with wavelength (dispersion). Generally, longer wavelengths (red) undergo a smaller deviation than shorter wavelengths (blue). The dispersion of white light into colors by a prism led Sir Isaac Newton to conclude that white light consisted of a mixture of different colors.", "response": "A dispersive prism is an optical prism that disperses the light's different wavelengths at different angles. When white light is shined through a dispersive prism it will separate into the different colors of the rainbow.", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Cantaro, Gudok", "context": "", "response": "Gudok is string, Cantaro is percussion.", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Give me the top 5 golf equipment company names.", "context": "", "response": "Titleist, Taylormade, Callaway, Ping, Cobra", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "What individual has won the most Olympic gold medals in the history of the games?", "context": "", "response": "Michael Phelps has won the most gold medals of all time with 23 golds.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Which Dutch artist painted \u201cGirl with a Pearl Earring\u201d?", "context": "", "response": "Vermeer", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What happens when the sun goes down?", "context": "", "response": "When the sun sets, the evening starts.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is a verb?", "context": "", "response": "A verb is an action word that describes an activity.  Examples of verbs are the following: swimming, hiking, biking, roller skating, or skydiving.  All of these single and combination word examples are tied to an activity that any living thing can do.  For example, a dog can bike ride with a human when the human is pedaling the bike.  Verb use is not limited to humans or people only but applies to all living things.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Extract the owner of Lamborghini and a listing of the different types of Huracan cars that Lamborghini has produced for its Motorsport division.", "context": "Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. (Italian pronunciation: [auto\u02c8m\u0254\u02d0bili lambor\u02c8\u0261i\u02d0ni]) is an Italian manufacturer of luxury sports cars and SUVs based in Sant'Agata Bolognese. The company is owned by the Volkswagen Group through its subsidiary Audi.\n\nFerruccio Lamborghini (1916\u20131993), an Italian manufacturing magnate, founded Automobili Ferruccio Lamborghini S.p.A. in 1963 to compete with Ferrari. The company was noted for using a rear mid-engine, rear-wheel drive layout. Lamborghini grew rapidly during its first decade, but sales plunged in the wake of the 1973 worldwide financial downturn and the oil crisis. The firm's ownership changed three times after 1973, including a bankruptcy in 1978. American Chrysler Corporation took control of Lamborghini in 1987 and sold it to Malaysian investment group Mycom Setdco and Indonesian group V'Power Corporation in 1994. In 1998, Mycom Setdco and V'Power sold Lamborghini to the Volkswagen Group where it was placed under the control of the group's Audi division.\n\nNew products and model lines were introduced to the brand's portfolio and brought to the market and saw an increased productivity for the brand. In the late 2000s, during the worldwide financial crisis and the subsequent economic crisis, Lamborghini's sales saw a drop of nearly 50 per cent.\n\nLamborghini currently produces the V12-powered Aventador and the V10-powered Hurac\u00e1n, along with the Urus SUV powered by a twin-turbo V8 engine. In addition, the company produces V12 engines for offshore powerboat racing.\n\nLamborghini Trattori, founded in 1948 by Ferruccio Lamborghini, is headquartered in Pieve di Cento, Italy and continues to produce tractors. Since 1973, Lamborghini Trattori has been a separate entity from the automobile manufacturer.\n\nHistory\nMain article: History of Lamborghini\n\nFerruccio Lamborghini with a Jarama and a tractor of his brand\nManufacturing magnate Italian Ferruccio Lamborghini founded the company in 1963 with the objective of producing a refined grand touring car to compete with offerings from established marques such as Ferrari. The company's first models, such as the 350 GT, were released in the mid-1960s. Lamborghini was noted for the 1966 Miura sports coup\u00e9, which used a rear mid-engine, rear-wheel drive layout.\n\nLamborghini grew rapidly during its first ten years, but sales fell in the wake of the 1973 worldwide financial downturn and the oil crisis. Ferruccio Lamborghini sold the company to Georges-Henri Rossetti and Ren\u00e9 Leimer and retired in 1974. The company went bankrupt in 1978, and was placed in the receivership of brothers Jean-Claude and Patrick Mimran in 1980. The Mimrans purchased the company out of receivership by 1984 and invested heavily in its expansion. Under the Mimrans' management, Lamborghini's model line was expanded from the Countach to include the Jalpa sports car and the LM002 high-performance off-road vehicle.\n\nThe Mimrans sold Lamborghini to the Chrysler Corporation in 1987. After replacing the Countach with the Diablo and discontinuing the Jalpa and the LM002, Chrysler sold Lamborghini to Malaysian investment group Mycom Setdco and Indonesian group V'Power Corporation in 1994. In 1998, Mycom Setdco and V'Power sold Lamborghini to the Volkswagen Group where it was placed under the control of the group's Audi division. New products and model lines were introduced to the brand's portfolio and brought to the market and saw an increased productivity for the brand Lamborghini. In the late 2000s, during the worldwide financial crisis and the subsequent economic crisis, Lamborghini's sales saw a drop of nearly 50 per cent.\n\nIn 2021, the CEO of Lamborghini said that by 2024 all its models will be hybrid.\n\nAutomobiles produced\nLamborghini Motorsport Division Squadra Corse produces GT3 cars and cars for their Super Trofeo events based on the Gallardo and Hurac\u00e1n. Apart from them, the Squadra Corse builds cars upon customer request.\n\nGT3 and Super Trofeo Cars\nGallardo LP 570-4 Super Trofeo\nGallardo LP 560-4 Super Trofeo\nHurac\u00e1n LP 620-2 Super Trofeo EVO\nHurac\u00e1n LP 620-2 Super Trofeo EVO2\nHurac\u00e1n Super Trofeo GT2\nHurac\u00e1n GT3\nHurac\u00e1n GT3 Evo\nHurac\u00e1n GT3 Evo 2\nSpecial cars\nThese cars were built by Squadra Corse upon customer request.\n\nEssenza SCV12\nSC18 Alston\nSC20", "response": "Vokswagen Group owns Lamborghini through its subsidiary, Audi.\n\nLamborghini has produced the following Huracan motorsport models:\n- Hurac\u00e1n LP 620-2 Super Trofeo EVO\n- Hurac\u00e1n LP 620-2 Super Trofeo EVO2\n- Hurac\u00e1n Super Trofeo GT2\n- Hurac\u00e1n GT3\n- Hurac\u00e1n GT3 Evo\n- Hurac\u00e1n GT3 Evo 2", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "Which of the following is useful for transportation: a glass of wine, a lamp, a train, an iced cube tray, a plane, a bicycle, an apple and a scooter.", "context": "", "response": "The useful objects for transportation in the list are train, plane, bicyle and scooter.", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Panduri, Zurna", "context": "", "response": "Zurna is woodwind, Panduri is string.", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "What is the average lifespan of a Golden Retriever?", "context": "Golden Retrievers are a generally healthy breed; they have an average lifespan of 12 to 13 years. Irresponsible breeding to meet high demand has led to the prevalence of inherited health problems in some breed lines, including allergic skin conditions, eye problems and sometimes snappiness. These problems are rarely encountered in dogs bred from responsible breeders.", "response": "The average lifespan of a Golden Retriever is 12 to 13 years.", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "Who became king of Holland in 1806?", "context": "", "response": "William I of the Netherlands became king of Holland in 1806.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is best Playstation or Xbox", "context": "", "response": "Playstation and Xbox are two competing game consoles, where which is \"best\" will depend on the preferences of the gamer.  From a graphics and performance perspective they are comparable, with Sony's Playstation technically leading, though most gamers would be unlikely to notice a significant difference.  From a game library perspective, both consoles have their respective first-party titles that appeal to different demographics.  For example, Microsoft has seen great popularity due to popular title Halo being exclusively available on the console.  On the other hand, Playstation has popular exclusive titles such as God of War and Gran Turismo.  Ultimately the decision of which console is best will likely come down to which games titles the purchaser prefers.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Who played Billy the Kid in The Left Handed Gun", "context": "", "response": "Paul Newman", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "why did Syd Barrett left the Pink Floyd?", "context": "", "response": "Syd Barrett was one of the main members of the Pink Floyd. He has used drugs a lot and after a while he was not able to perform with the team. Even though the band gave him multiple chances, he could not keep up with the band. In the end, they had to ask him to leave the band. The main reason that he has left the team is his health problems and addiction to drugs.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "what is REST API", "context": "", "response": "REST API is an architectural style for building network APIs. In practice, most REST APIs are using JSON over HTTP. REST APIs have several properties that make them very popular.\n\nHTTP is the foundational and the most popular network protocol across the internet. By using HTTP, REST APIs can fully utilize the internet infrastructure, which greatly reduce the complexity and operational costs. For example, using HTTPS for transport security, and using URL for request routing.\n\nJSON is a simple, stable, and intuitive data format , which is not expected to change ever. This offers great ease of use and stability to REST APIs. For high performance applications, binary formats can be used instead, such as protobuf or thrift.\n\nREST APIs are often designed as CRUD APIs, where API operations are commonly expressed as Create, Retrieve, Update, and Delete operations on resources. CRUD operations are naturally mapped to HTTP methods (POST, GET, PUT/PATCH, and DELETE), and API resources can be naturally identified using URLs.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is underwriting?", "context": "", "response": "Underwriting (UW) services are provided by some large financial institutions, such as banks, insurance companies and investment houses, whereby they guarantee payment in case of damage or financial loss and accept the financial risk for liability arising from such guarantee. An underwriting arrangement may be created in a number of situations including insurance, issues of security in a public offering, and bank lending, among others. The person or institution that agrees to sell a minimum number of securities of the company for commission is called the underwriter.\n\nThe term \"underwriting\" derives from the Lloyd's of London insurance market. Financial backers (or risk takers), who would accept some of the risk on a given venture (historically a sea voyage with associated risks of shipwreck) in exchange for a premium, would literally write their names under the risk information that was written on a Lloyd's slip created for this purpose.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Give me a list of some characteristics of a good coffee shop?", "context": "", "response": "Some characteristics of good coffee shops include:\n- Very good coffee, either freshly roasted locally or acquired from a quality roaster\n- High end coffee grinders, brewing machines, and a high quality espresso machine and well-trained baristas\n- Different coffee roast options (i.e. medium roast, dark roast) and brewing methods (i.e. drip coffee and pour-over) available\n- A variety of cafe fare, such as pastries and croissants, available for purchase to accompany coffee\n- Ample seating, with power outlets available by most seats.", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "Please summarize what Linkedin does.", "context": "LinkedIn (/l\u026a\u014bkt\u02c8\u026an/) is a business and employment-focused social media platform that works through websites and mobile apps. It launched on May 5, 2003. It is now owned by Microsoft. The platform is primarily used for professional networking and career development, and allows jobseekers to post their CVs and employers to post jobs. From 2015 most of the company's revenue came from selling access to information about its members to recruiters and sales professionals. Since December 2016, it has been a wholly owned subsidiary of Microsoft. As of March 2023, LinkedIn has more than 900 million registered members from over 200 countries and territories.\n\nLinkedIn allows members (both workers and employers) to create profiles and connect with each other in an online social network which may represent real-world professional relationships. Members can invite anyone (whether an existing member or not) to become a connection. LinkedIn can also be used to organize offline events, join groups, write articles, publish job postings, post photos and videos, and more.", "response": "Linkedin is a social platform that business professionals create profiles on and network with other business professionals. It is used to network, career development, and for jobseekers to find jobs. Linkedin has over 900 million users from over 200 countries. Linkedin can be used to post resumes/CVs, organizing events, joining groups, writing articles, publishing job postings, posting picture, posting videos, and more!", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "Who saved Andromeda from the sea monster", "context": "", "response": "Perseus", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "How can I contribute to Spark?", "context": "", "response": "Yes, Spark is an open source project and anyone can contribute to it.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Who are ''The Lumi\u00e8res\" ?", "context": "", "response": "The Lumi\u00e8res (literally in English: The Lights) was a cultural, philosophical, literary and intellectual movement beginning in the second half of the 17th century, originating in western Europe and spreading throughout the rest of Europe. It included philosophers such as Baruch Spinoza, David Hume, John Locke, Edward Gibbon, Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Denis Diderot, Pierre Bayle and Isaac Newton. This movement is influenced by the scientific revolution in southern Europe arising directly from the Italian renaissance with people like Galileo Galilei. Over time it came to mean the Si\u00e8cle des Lumi\u00e8res, in English the Age of Enlightenment.[Note 1]\n\nMembers of the movement saw themselves as a progressive \u00e9lite, and battled against religious and political persecution, fighting against what they saw as the irrationality, arbitrariness, obscurantism and superstition of the previous centuries. They redefined the study of knowledge to fit the ethics and aesthetics of their time. Their works had great influence at the end of the 18th century, in the American Declaration of Independence and the French Revolution.\n\nThis intellectual and cultural renewal by the Lumi\u00e8res movement was, in its strictest sense, limited to Europe. These ideas were well understood in Europe, but beyond France the idea of \"enlightenment\" had generally meant a light from outside, whereas in France it meant a light coming from within oneself.\n\nIn the most general terms, in science and philosophy, the Enlightenment aimed for the triumph of reason over faith and belief; in politics and economics, the triumph of the bourgeois over nobility and clergy.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Using examples taken from the text give me a summary of the main arguments in favour of slavery reparations in the United States and the anticipated cost of enacting such reparations", "context": "Slavery ended in the United States in 1865 with the end of the American Civil War and the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which declared that \"Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction\". At that time, an estimated four million African Americans were set free.\n\nSupport for reparations\nWithin the political sphere, a bill demanding slavery reparations has been proposed at the national level, the \"Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African-Americans Act,\" which former Rep. John Conyers Jr. (D-MI) reintroduced to the United States Congress every year from 1989 until his resignation in 2017. As its name suggests, the bill recommended the creation of a commission to study the \"impact of slavery on the social, political and economic life of our nation\"., however there are cities and institutions which have initiated reparations in the US (see \u00a7 Legislation and other actions for a list).\n\nIn 1999, African-American lawyer and activist Randall Robinson, founder of the TransAfrica advocacy organization, wrote that America's history of race riots, lynching, and institutional discrimination have \"resulted in $1.4 trillion in losses for African Americans\". Economist Robert Browne stated the ultimate goal of reparations should be to \"restore the black community to the economic position it would have if it had not been subjected to slavery and discrimination\". He estimates a fair reparation value anywhere between $1.4 to $4.7 trillion, or roughly $142,000 (equivalent to $162,000 in 2021) for every black American living today. Other estimates range from $5.7 to $14.2 and $17.1 trillion.\n\nIn 2014, American journalist Ta-Nehisi Coates published an article titled \"The Case for Reparations\", which discussed the continued effects of slavery and Jim Crow laws and made renewed demands for reparations. Coates refers to Rep. John Conyers Jr.'s H.R.40 Bill, pointing out that Congress's failure to pass this bill expresses a lack of willingness to right their past wrongs.\n\nIn September 2016, the United Nations' Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent encouraged Congress to pass H.R.40 to study reparations proposals. Still, the Working Group did not directly endorse any specific reparations proposal. The report noted that there exists a legacy of racial inequality in the United States, explaining that \"Despite substantial changes since the end of the enforcement of Jim Crow and the fight for civil rights, ideology ensuring the domination of one group over another, continues to negatively impact the civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights of African Americans today.\" The report notes that a \"dangerous ideology of white supremacy inhibits social cohesion among the US population\".\n\nThe topic of reparations gained renewed attention in 2020 as the Black Lives Matter movement named reparations as one of their policy goals in the United States.\n\nIn 2020, rapper T.I. supported reparations that would give every African American US$1 million and asserted that slavery caused mass incarcerations, poverty, and other ills.", "response": "In spite of progressive changes since the end of enforcement of Jim Crow and the successes of the fight for civil rights there are still inherent racial inequalities in the USA which negatively affect the civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights of African Americans today.  A United Nations report of 2016 did not endorse a specific reparations proposal, but did call out that there is an ideology of white supremacy present in the population of the United States that inhibits social cohesion.  Further arguments have been made identifying slavery as a cause of mass incarcerations, poverty and other ills that affect today\u2019s African Americans.\nIt could be argued that there is an inherent acknowledgement that the case exists to examine the impact of slavery on the social, political and economic life of the United States in the annual submission to Congress of the \"Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African-Americans Act\u201d.  There are also individual cities within the USA which have instituted reparations.  Estimates of the cost to African Americans of the United States\u2019 history of discrimination have been estimated variously at $1.4 trillion, $4.7 trillion, $5.7 trillion, $14.2 trillion and $17.1 trillion.  These estimates express the projected cost in $ to restore the black community to the economic position it would have if it had not been subjected to slavery and discrimination.", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "When was the wheel invented?", "context": "", "response": "No one knows when the wheel was first made. Archaeological evidence seems to show that the wheel was first used to make pottery in Mesopotamia about 7,000 years ago, during the Neolithic period. Later, it was used to make chariots. Chariot wheels have been found in Sumer as early as 3000 BC. The wheel is one of the most important inventions in human history. It was very useful for making pottery and getting around on land. It is also a key part of machines.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "write a scene between two actors discussing movie Inception", "context": "", "response": "Actress 1: \"Oh my god, have you seen Inception?\"\n\nActor 2: \"Yes! That movie blew my mind. What did you think of it?\"\n\nActress 1: \"Honestly, I was so confused for most of it. But it was so interesting, I couldn't look away. I had to know what was going on.\"\n\nActor 2: \"That's exactly how I felt. It's one of those movies that you have to pay attention to every detail, or you'll get lost.\"\n\nActress 1: \"Absolutely. And the way they played with time and reality was so cool. I don't think I've ever seen a movie like that before.\"\n\nActor 2: \"Yeah, the concept of entering someone's dreams to implant an idea was mind-boggling. And the way they executed it was so well done.\"\n\nActress 1: \"It was. And the cast was amazing too. Leonardo DiCaprio was incredible as usual, and I loved seeing Ellen Page in a different type of role.\"\n\nActor 2: \"Definitely. And the action scenes were so intense. The zero-gravity hallway fight was insane.\"\n\nActress 1: \"Oh my god, yes. I was on the edge of my seat for that one. And the ending...I still can't decide what it means.\"\n\nActor 2: \"I know, right? It's one of those movies that leaves you with so many questions. But that's part of what makes it so great.\"\n\nActress 1: \"Exactly. I love when movies challenge me to think and leave me wanting more. Inception definitely did that.\"\n\nActor 2: \"Agreed. It's definitely one of my all-time favorites. I could watch it a hundred times and still discover something new.\"\n\nActress 1: \"Same here. It's just one of those movies that sticks with you long after it's over.\"", "category": "creative_writing"}
{"instruction": "Did dinosaurs have lips?", "context": "", "response": "Recent research suggests that the popular perception that dinosaurs had exposed teeth may be incorrect, and the current hypothesis is that the Tyrannosaurus rex did indeed have lips. A 2023 study by Dr Mark Witton of the University of Portsmouth said popular depictions of dinosaurs in movies like Jurassic Park are out of date. The study examined a large tooth that had spent over 500 days in the mouth of a Tyrannosaurus rex with no evidence of substantial wear, which is consistent with all findings of teeth found in the theropod family of dinosaurs. When contrasted with alligators and crocodiles, who have no lips and have more easily damaged teeth the theory says the evidence points to theropods, including Tyrannosaurus rex did indeed have lips. There would have been expected to be wear on the thin enamel on the teeth far more consistent with modern animals like crocodiles if dinosaurs had no lips.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Are lilies safe for cats?", "context": "", "response": "No, lilies are toxic to cats if consumed and should not be kept in a household with cats", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is Sunshine Recession?", "context": "", "response": "It is known as the deepest period in which sunspots are not virtually visible. Deepest period is related to sun cycle's process called solar minimum", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is the currency in use in the Netherlands?", "context": "", "response": "The currency in use in the Netherlands is the euro.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is the best tv series in the world", "context": "", "response": "Dexter- The Dexter is so exciting to watch that it should be the best TV series in the world", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "Who was the first to record the Needles and Pins song?", "context": "\"Needles and Pins\" is a rock song credited to American writers Jack Nitzsche and Sonny Bono. Jackie DeShannon recorded it in 1963 and other versions followed. The most successful ones were by the Searchers, whose version reached No. 1 on the UK singles chart in 1964, and Smokie, who had a worldwide hit in 1977. Others who recorded the song include the Ramones, Gene Clark, and Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers with Stevie Nicks.\n\nJackie DeShannon version (1963)\nIn his autobiography, Bono states that he sang along with Nitzsche's guitar-playing, thus creating both the tune and the lyrics, being guided by the chord progressions. However, Jackie DeShannon claims that the song was written at the piano, and that she was a full participant in the song's creation, along with Nitzsche and Bono, although she did not get formal credit.\n\nDeShannon was the first to record the song; in the US it peaked at number 84 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart in May 1963. Though it was only a minor US hit, DeShannon's recording of the song topped the charts in Canada, hitting number one on the CHUM Chart in July 1963", "response": "The first artist to record Needles and Pins song was DeShannon.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "Provide me a list of the different types of harnesses used in rock climbing", "context": "Different types of climbing warrant particular features for harnesses. Sport climbers typically use minimalistic harnesses, some with sewn-on gear loops. Alpine climbers often choose lightweight harnesses, perhaps with detachable leg loops. Big Wall climbers generally prefer padded waist belts and leg loops. There are also full body harnesses for children, whose pelvises may be too narrow to support a standard harness safely. These harnesses prevent children from falling even when inverted, and are either manufactured for children or constructed out of webbing. Some climbers use full body harnesses when there is a chance of inverting, or when carrying a heavy bag. There are also chest harnesses, which are used only in combination with a sit harness. Test results from UIAA show that chest harnesses do not put more impact on the neck than sit harnesses, giving them the same advantages as full body harness.\n\nApart from these harnesses, there are also caving and canyoning harnesses, which all serve different purposes. For example, a caving harness is made of tough waterproof and unpadded material, with dual attachment points. Releasing the maillon from these attachment points loosens the harness quickly.\n\nCanyoning harnesses are somewhat like climbing harnesses, often without the padding, but with a seat protector, making it more comfortable to rappel. These usually have a single attachment point of Dyneema.", "response": "Minimalistic Harness: has gear loops that are sewn on\nLightweight Harness: has leg loops that are removable\nBig Wall Harness: uses padded waist belts and leg loops\nFull Body Harness: mostly for children with small pelvises, or for scenarios that risk inversion\nChest Harness: to be used with a sit harness\nCaving Harness: made of ultra durable material and multiple attachment points\nCanyon Harness: has a built-in seat protector for rappeling.", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "Think of some family rules to promote a healthy family relationship", "context": "", "response": "Use Kind words\nBe grateful\nThink of others before yourself\nWork hard\nBe Honest\nBe thankful\nKeep your promises\nChoose to be happy\nAlways say 'I Love You'\nBe kind\nEncourage each other", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "In the series A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Karstark?", "context": "", "response": "Karlon Stark", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is enriched air and why would divers dive with enriched air?", "context": "", "response": "Enriched air, also known as nitrox, is one kind of air with more than 21% oxygen. 21% oxygen is the normal air we breathe on the earth. The primary benefit of using enriched air is to extend the diver's bottom time, and reduce the need to push to no decompression limit. This advantage is really beneficial in deeper diving. \nFor example, at 80 feet of depth, normal air can last around 30 min, while enriched air of 32% oxygen can last for 45 min and 36% can last for 55 min. \nWhile enriched air is really beneficial in extending bottom time, it is important that divers get trained to use it before diving with enriched air.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "What film won the 1943 Oscar as best film", "context": "", "response": "Casablanca", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "which weighs more, cold or hot water?", "context": "", "response": "Cold water weighs more than hot water", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Given this paragraph, what is the top speed of a Kia Stinger?", "context": "Kia claims that the Stinger accelerates from zero to 100 km/h (62 mph) in 7.7, 6 and 4.9 seconds for the 2.2-liter diesel, 2.0-liter petrol and 3.3-liter petrol respectively. Schreyer reportedly drove a pre-production Stinger GT at a top speed of 269 km/h (167 mph) on the Autobahn.\n\nDuring a test by Car and Driver, an all-wheel-drive U.S. spec GT 3.3T with Michelin Pilot Sport 4 tires achieved 0\u201360 mph (0\u201397 km/h) in 4.6 seconds on the track, reached 0.91 g on the skidpad and was able to stop from 70 mph (113 km/h) in 164 feet (50 m). According to this publication, the U.S. model's top speed is governed at 167 mph (269 km/h) per Kia specs. In tests conducted by Motor Trend, the four-cylinder U.S. spec Stinger 2.0 RWD on Bridgestone Potenza tires reached 60 mph (97 km/h) in 6.6 seconds, completed the 1\u20444-mile (0.4 km) run in 15 seconds and stopped from 60 mph (97 km/h) in 126 feet (38 m). The average lateral acceleration recorded in track testing was 0.85 g.", "response": "The top speed of a Kia Stinger is 269km/h (167mph) according to this text.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "Write a short paragraph about why you should not have both a pet cat and a pet bird.", "context": "", "response": "Having both a pet bird and a pet cat is not a good idea because cats will try to hunt birds, which are naturally the prey of cats. This hunting instinct is completely normal, and it isn't fair to the cat to try to train it not to attack birds, as it is simply in its nature to do so. However, letting a cat hunt your pet bird is similarly not humane, as it will be very stressful to the bird and could lead to the bird being injured. Larger birds are also not a good idea, as the bird could cause injury to the cat if the cat tries to attack it. Overall, it just isn't a good idea to have both cats and birds, since they tend not to coexist well, and pet owners should just pick one species to have.", "category": "creative_writing"}
{"instruction": "What is your favorite strip from the comic Calvin and Hobbes?", "context": "", "response": "Calvin and Hobbes is an iconic strip that is regarded as one of the best comic strips in history. Individual preferences may vary and it's difficult to find the publishing rate of individual strips throughout its ten year syndication.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "What makes a formula one car so fast?", "context": "", "response": "Formula One cars are one of the fastest racing cars in the world reaching speeds as high as 240 mph.\n\nThere are many aspects that make formula one cars fast, below are the top few\n\n1. Engine:  F1 cars have extremely powerful engines that can generate around 1000 bhp at up to 20,000 rpm\n2. Power-to-Weight ratio: F1 cars are also extremely light at around 800 kgs giving them a power-to-weight ratio of 12000-1400 hp/ton. For comparison, the best Porsche cars have a power-to-weight ratio of only 300-400 hp/ton.\n2. Aerodynamics: F1 cars are fitted with extremely sophisticated aerodynamics including a rear wing, front wing and body parts that help reduce aerodynamic drag for straight-line speeds while adding downforce to help around corners\n3. Tires: F1 tires are extremely large and sticky. This help the cars stick to the road as the car goes through turns very fast.\n4. Brakes: Lastly F1 brakes are very powerful and can slow down a car extremely quickly. This allows F1 cars to be at top speed for much longer before needing to slow down for taking a turn.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Without quoting directly from the text give me a summary of the history of the Key Lime Pie.", "context": "Key lime pie is probably derived from the \"Magic Lemon Cream Pie\" published in a promotional brochure by Borden, a producer of condensed milk, in 1931. The recipe is attributed to Borden's fictional spokesperson, Jane Ellison, and includes condensed milk, lemon juice and rind, and egg yolks. It is covered with meringue, baked, and served cold. According to the pastry chef Stella Parks, users of the recipe altered it with local ingredients; she describes it as \"a stunning reminder of how deeply America's traditions are shaped by advertising\".\n\nA \"Tropical Lime Chiffon Pie\", using condensed milk and egg yolks, is documented in a 1933 Miami newspaper article. An \"icebox lime pie\", was mentioned as a specialty of the Florida Keys in 1935.[full citation needed] and a recipe under the name \"Key Lime Pie\" was published in 1940.[full citation needed]\n\nNo earlier solid sources are known, despite appeals to the public. A 1927 Key West Women's Club cookbook does not mention the recipe. A 1926 restaurant menu includes \"lime pie\", but it is unclear what it was. Various accounts claim that it was known earlier, but none were recorded before 1933. A widely-reported story claims that William Curry's cook Aunt Sally invented it in the late 19th century. But there is no evidence for this, and the oldest version of this story dates to only 1895, in promotional materials for a Bed and Breakfast in Curry's former house.\n\nIt was in the 1950s that Key lime pie was promoted as Florida's \"most famous treat\" and in 1987 as \"the greatest of all regional American desserts.\"", "response": "Key lime pie is an American dessert pie. It is made of lime juice, egg yolks, and sweetened condensed milk. It is best served with meringue topping and is typically cooked in a graham cracker crust.\n\nThe dish is named after the small Key limes which which have yellow juice complementing the filling which is typically yellow because of the egg yolks used.\n\nThe filling is made by simply mixing the ingredients without cooking the proteins of the egg yolks and condensed milk and the acidic lime juice curdle, thickening the mixture without baking.", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "What is LAPR?", "context": "", "response": "This stands for life assurance premium relief. Before 14 March 1984 there was tax relief on life insurance premiums paid by policyholders for policies which qualified for tax relief. Policies which started", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Is beauty objective or subjective?", "context": "", "response": "The opinions on this question vary from person to person. \nStatistically, a pattern of preference is easily visible on what people would describe as beautiful. An evident example of this phenomenon is a beauty standard for women and men. Society seems to agree on what features, both physical and internal, can deem a person beautiful. The standard of beauty is also projected beyond humans, onto animal breeds, for example, in cat shows. \nA link between beauty and how closely it resembles perfection appears to exist. For example, a rose with many petals and no tears or scratches is generally seen as more beautiful than one with fewer, visibly ruined petals. \nHowever, the question of perfection also raises a problem as it is difficult and arguably impossible to define perfection. Beauty does not necessarily mean perfection. For example, large eyes are statistically considered to be more attractive however, in terms of their biological  purpose they possess no superiority to small eyes. Therefore, both beauty and perfection depend on the perspective or purpose with which you observe an object.\n\nFurthermore, the clear fluctuations through centuries and cultures on what is considered to be beautiful should also be taken into account. Fashion trends and art styles, for instance,  are constantly changing. Additionally, the diversity in opinions suggests there is nothing that is considered beautiful by everyone, so even if the majority deem a particular object or thing as beautiful, it\u2019s beauty remains subjective because it remains based on an ever-changing preference rather than objective truth.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Kpanlogo, Shamisen", "context": "", "response": "Shamisen is string, Kpanlogo is percussion.", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Why do potato chip bags become stale after opening?", "context": "", "response": "Potato chip bags are filled with nitrogen! Many consumers think the chip companies are out there to get your money by filling three quarters of your bag with air, but it\u2019s actually nitrogen to keep your chips fresh. This is why once you open the bag, you should finish the chips as soon as possible. There, now you have a reason to finish the whole bag of chips in one go without feeling guilty.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Classify each of the following as a primary color or a secondary color", "context": "", "response": "blue, yellow, green, red, purple, orange", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Where are the British Virgin Islands (BVI) and which islands are a part of the BVI?", "context": "The British Virgin Islands (BVI), officially the Virgin Islands, are a British Overseas Territory in the Caribbean, to the east of Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands and north-west of Anguilla. The islands are geographically part of the Virgin Islands archipelago and are located in the Leeward Islands of the Lesser Antilles and part of the West Indies.\n\nThe British Virgin Islands consist of the main islands of Tortola, Virgin Gorda, Anegada and Jost Van Dyke, along with more than 50 other smaller islands and cays. About 16 of the islands are inhabited. The capital, Road Town, is on Tortola, the largest island, which is about 20 km (12 mi) long and 5 km (3 mi) wide. The islands had a population of 28,054 at the 2010 Census, of whom 23,491 lived on Tortola; current estimates put the population at 35,802 (July 2018).", "response": "The British Virgin Islands (BVI), officially the Virgin Islands, are a British Overseas Territory in the Caribbean, to the east of Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands and north-west of Anguilla. The islands are geographically part of the Virgin Islands archipelago and are located in the Leeward Islands of the Lesser Antilles and part of the West Indies.\n\nThe British Virgin Islands consist of the main islands of Tortola, Virgin Gorda, Anegada and Jost Van Dyke, along with more than 50 other smaller islands and cays.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "Does \"outbreeding\" or \"inbreeding\" benefit the offspring more?", "context": "Exogamy often results in two individuals that are not closely genetically related marrying each other; that is, outbreeding as opposed to inbreeding. In moderation, this benefits the offspring as it reduces the risk of the offspring inheriting two copies of a defective gene. Increasing the genetic diversity of the offspring improves the chances of offspring reproducing, up until the fourth-cousin level of relatedness; however, reproduction between individuals on the fourth-cousin level of relatedness decreases evolutionarily fitness.", "response": "\"Outbreeding\" is more beneficial to the offspring as it reduces the risk of inheriting defective genes, increasing the offspring's ability to reproduce.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is the future for human?", "context": "", "response": "This is a very wide open question. It could be two directions. One direction is that human would just disappear like the dinosaur.  One direction is that human would become a species like a god. For the first direction, it may be caused by many situations. e.g. Nuclear war from WW3, extreme climate change. For the other direction, reproduced energy is ready, all cancers can be cured, everything can be done with robot with AI, human life is unlimited.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Name some of the bravolebrities from Vanderpump Rules", "context": "", "response": "James Kennedy, Katie Maloney, Raquel Leviss, Tom Sandoval, Ariana Madix, Tom Schwartz and Lala Kent", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Name some famous rock bands from the 1960s", "context": "", "response": "The 1960s had a number of famous rock bands including The Beatles, The Beach Boys, The Doors, The Rolling Stones, The Who, Led Zeppelin, The Grateful Dead, Pink Floyd, and many more.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Who is Muhammad Ejaz Shafi", "context": "Muhammad Ejaz Shafi is a Pakistani politician who was a Member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, from 2002 to May 2018.\n\nEarly life and education\nHe was born on 1 May 1969 in Khanpur.\n\nHe has the degree of the Bachelor of Arts.\n\nPolitical career\nHe was elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (Q) (PML-Q) from Constituency PP-290 (Rahimyar Khan-VI) in 2002 Pakistani general election. He received 22,531 votes and defeated a candidate of Pakistan Awami Tehrik.\n\nHe was re-elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of PML-Q from Constituency PP-290 (Rahimyar Khan-VI) in 2008 Pakistani general election. He received 24,751 votes and defeated a candidate of Pakistan Peoples Party.\n\nHe was re-elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (N) from Constituency PP-290 (Rahimyar Khan-VI) in 2013 Pakistani general election.", "response": "Muhammad Ejaz Shafi is a Pakistani politician who was a Member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, from 2002 to May 2018. He was born on 1 May 1969 in Khanpur.", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "Who invented the telephone?", "context": "", "response": "In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell was the first to obtain a United States patent for a device that produced a clearly intelligible replica of the human voice on a second device.\nA resolution passed by the United States House of Representatives on June 11, 2002 called for recognition of Antonio Meucci's work and contributions towards the invention of the telephone.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Who are the Smiths?", "context": "The Smiths were an English rock band formed in Manchester in 1982. They comprised the singer Morrissey, the guitarist Johnny Marr, the bassist Andy Rourke and the drummer Mike Joyce. Morrissey and Marr formed the band's songwriting partnership. They are regarded as one of the most important acts to emerge from the 1980s British independent music.", "response": "The Smiths were an English rock band from the 1980s. The lead singer was Morrissey. The other band members were: Johnny Marr on guitar, Andy Rourke on bass, and Mike Joyce on drums.", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "Give me five ways in which I can make my homebrew beer more interesting", "context": "", "response": "There are infinite ways to create interesting flavours, that are either personal favourites or attempt to replicate classic beers and beer styles. There are a number of factors that make up a beers flavour profile and part of the enjoyment brewing your own beer at home, is that you can play around with each of these to change the flavour and character of your homebrew beer. Here are five ways in which you can change your own homebrew recipe to add interesting flavours or alternatively you can alter an existing homebrew recipe shared by somebody else or a brewery.\n\n1. Use different hops\nThere is a huge variety of hops available to homebrewers and each of these can introduce its own particular flavour and aroma to your beer, ranging from pineapple and apricots, to pine trees and woods, to grapefruit pith and lemon zest. By using a different hop in your recipe either from the same family or from an entirely different family of hops, you can easily add interesting and often radical changes to the flavour profile of your beer. However, depending on when the hops are added in the brewing process, you can also increase/decrease the levels of bitterness of your beer, due to different hop varieties having different levels of alpha acids.\n\n2. Use a different yeast\nBesides fermenting the beer, yeast leave behind lots of interesting flavours and can give your homebrew it's own subtle character. For example, English yeast strains can add malty and sweet flavours, California yeast tends to create a clean and crisp beer, whilst saison yeast adds bright and fruity flavours to your beer.\n\n3. Use different grains\nChanging the amount of base malts can increase or decrease the alcohol in your finished beer. Trying swapping one base malt for another, like American pale malts for a British variety, and look for the subtle differences between them. You can also play around with the specialty grains, like using a slightly darker roast.\n\n4. Add fruit, spices or herbs\nFruits, spices, herbs, and other ingredients are a great way to add an entirely personal character to your homebrew. Anything from fresh strawberries and basil to vanilla beans and cardamom can really complement the other malty, hoppy flavours in a beer. \n\n5. Alter your water profile\nDifferent beer styles will typically be best achieved with a suitable water profile, with different levels of minerals to achieve the desired flavour profile. By adjusting the amounts of specific minerals found in your brewing water, beer can be made to taste fuller bodied, sweeter, drier, more bitter, or even sour.", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "How many Grammy Awards has Bad Bunny won?", "context": "", "response": "Bad Bunny has won 2 Grammy Awards and has been nominated for 6", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "When was the first Reading railway station opened?", "context": "Reading railway station is a major transport hub in Reading, Berkshire, England. It is on the northern edge of the town centre, near the main retail and commercial areas and the River Thames, 36 miles (58 km) from London Paddington. The first Reading station was opened on 30 March 1840 as the temporary western terminus of the original line of the Great Western Railway (GWR). Reading is the ninth-busiest station in the UK outside London and the second busiest interchange station outside London with over 3.8 million passengers changing trains at the station annually.", "response": "The first Reading railway station was opened on the 30th of March, 1840.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is HiFI?", "context": "High fidelity (often shortened to Hi-Fi or HiFi) is the high-quality reproduction of sound. It is popular with audiophiles and home audio enthusiasts. Ideally, high-fidelity equipment has inaudible noise and distortion, and a flat (neutral, uncolored) frequency response within the human hearing range.\n\nHigh fidelity contrasts with the lower-quality \u201clo-fi\u201d sound produced by inexpensive audio equipment, AM radio, or the inferior quality of sound reproduction that can be heard in recordings made until the late 1940s.", "response": "Bell Laboratories began experimenting with a range of recording techniques in the early 1930s. Performances by Leopold Stokowski and the Philadelphia Orchestra were recorded in 1931 and 1932 using telephone lines between the Academy of Music in Philadelphia and the Bell labs in New Jersey. Some multitrack recordings were made on optical sound film, which led to new advances used primarily by MGM (as early as 1937) and Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation (as early as 1941). RCA Victor began recording performances by several orchestras using optical sound around 1941, resulting in higher-fidelity masters for 78-rpm discs. During the 1930s, Avery Fisher, an amateur violinist, began experimenting with audio design and acoustics. He wanted to make a radio that would sound like he was listening to a live orchestra\u2014that would achieve high fidelity to the original sound. After World War II, Harry F. Olson conducted an experiment whereby test subjects listened to a live orchestra through a hidden variable acoustic filter. The results proved that listeners preferred high-fidelity reproduction, once the noise and distortion introduced by early sound equipment was removed.[citation needed]\n\nBeginning in 1948, several innovations created the conditions that made major improvements of home-audio quality possible:\n\nReel-to-reel audio tape recording, based on technology taken from Germany after WWII, helped musical artists such as Bing Crosby make and distribute recordings with better fidelity.\nThe advent of the 33\u2153 rpm Long Play (LP) microgroove vinyl record, with lower surface noise and quantitatively specified equalization curves as well as noise-reduction and dynamic range systems. Classical music fans, who were opinion leaders in the audio market, quickly adopted LPs because, unlike with older records, most classical works would fit on a single LP.\nHigher quality turntables, with more responsive needles\nFM radio, with wider audio bandwidth and less susceptibility to signal interference and fading than AM radio.\nBetter amplifier designs, with more attention to frequency response and much higher power output capability, reproducing audio without perceptible distortion.\nNew loudspeaker designs, including acoustic suspension, developed by Edgar Villchur and Henry Kloss with improved bass frequency response.\nIn the 1950s, audio manufacturers employed the phrase high fidelity as a marketing term to describe records and equipment intended to provide faithful sound reproduction. Many consumers found the difference in quality compared to the then-standard AM radios and 78-rpm records readily apparent and bought high-fidelity phonographs and 33\u2153 LPs such as RCA's New Orthophonics and London's FFRR (Full Frequency Range Recording, a UK Decca system). Audiophiles paid attention to technical characteristics and bought individual components, such as separate turntables, radio tuners, preamplifiers, power amplifiers and loudspeakers. Some enthusiasts even assembled their own loudspeaker systems. With the advent of integrated multi-speaker console systems in the 1950s, hi-fi became a generic term for home sound equipment, to some extent displacing phonograph and record player.\n\nIn the late 1950s and early 1960s, the development of stereophonic equipment and recordings led to the next wave of home-audio improvement, and in common parlance stereo displaced hi-fi. Records were now played on a stereo. In the world of the audiophile, however, the concept of high fidelity continued to refer to the goal of highly accurate sound reproduction and to the technological resources available for approaching that goal. This period is regarded as the \"Golden Age of Hi-Fi\", when vacuum tube equipment manufacturers of the time produced many models considered superior by modern audiophiles, and just before solid state (transistorized) equipment was introduced to the market, subsequently replacing tube equipment as the mainstream technology.\n\nIn the 1960s, the FTC with the help of the audio manufacturers came up with a definition to identify high fidelity equipment so that the manufacturers could clearly state if they meet the requirements and reduce misleading advertisements.\n\nThe metal\u2013oxide\u2013semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) was adapted into a power MOSFET for audio by Jun-ichi Nishizawa at Tohoku University in 1974. Power MOSFETs were soon manufactured by Yamaha for their hi-fi audio amplifiers. JVC, Pioneer Corporation, Sony and Toshiba also began manufacturing amplifiers with power MOSFETs in 1974. In 1977, Hitachi introduced the LDMOS (lateral diffused MOS), a type of power MOSFET. Hitachi was the only LDMOS manufacturer between 1977 and 1983, during which time LDMOS was used in audio power amplifiers from manufacturers such as HH Electronics (V-series) and Ashly Audio, and were used for music and public address systems. Class-D amplifiers became successful in the mid-1980s when low-cost, fast-switching MOSFETs were made available. Many transistor amps use MOSFET devices in their power sections, because their distortion curve is more tube-like.\n\nA popular type of system for reproducing music beginning in the 1970s was the integrated music centre\u2014which combined a phonograph turntable, AM-FM radio tuner, tape player, preamplifier, and power amplifier in one package, often sold with its own separate, detachable or integrated speakers. These systems advertised their simplicity. The consumer did not have to select and assemble individual components or be familiar with impedance and power ratings. Purists generally avoid referring to these systems as high fidelity, though some are capable of very good quality sound reproduction.\n\nAudiophiles in the 1970s and 1980s preferred to buy each component separately. That way, they could choose models of each component with the specifications that they desired. In the 1980s, a number of audiophile magazines became available, offering reviews of components and articles on how to choose and test speakers, amplifiers, and other components.\n\nListening tests\nSee also: Codec listening test\nListening tests are used by hi-fi manufacturers, audiophile magazines, and audio engineering researchers and scientists. If a listening test is done in such a way that the listener who is assessing the sound quality of a component or recording can see the components that are being used for the test (e.g., the same musical piece listened to through a tube power amplifier and a solid-state amplifier), then it is possible that the listener's pre-existing biases towards or against certain components or brands could affect their judgment. To respond to this issue, researchers began to use blind tests, in which listeners cannot see the components being tested. A commonly used variant of this test is the ABX test. A subject is presented with two known samples (sample A, the reference, and sample B, an alternative), and one unknown sample X, for three samples total. X is randomly selected from A and B, and the subject identifies X as being either A or B. Although there is no way to prove that a certain methodology is transparent, a properly conducted double-blind test can prove that a method is not transparent.\n\nBlind tests are sometimes used as part of attempts to ascertain whether certain audio components (such as expensive, exotic cables) have any subjectively perceivable effect on sound quality. Data gleaned from these blind tests is not accepted by some audiophile magazines such as Stereophile and The Absolute Sound in their evaluations of audio equipment. John Atkinson, current editor of Stereophile, stated that he once purchased a solid-state amplifier, the Quad 405, in 1978 after seeing the results from blind tests, but came to realize months later that \"the magic was gone\" until he replaced it with a tube amp. Robert Harley of The Absolute Sound wrote, in 2008, that: \"...blind listening tests fundamentally distort the listening process and are worthless in determining the audibility of a certain phenomenon.\"\n\nDoug Schneider, editor of the online Soundstage network, refuted this position with two editorials in 2009. He stated: \"Blind tests are at the core of the decades' worth of research into loudspeaker design done at Canada's National Research Council (NRC). The NRC researchers knew that for their result to be credible within the scientific community and to have the most meaningful results, they had to eliminate bias, and blind testing was the only way to do so.\" Many Canadian companies such as Axiom, Energy, Mirage, Paradigm, PSB, and Revel use blind testing extensively in designing their loudspeakers. Audio professional Dr. Sean Olive of Harman International shares this view.", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "What is a brown eared pheasant?", "context": "The brown eared pheasant (Crossoptilon mantchuricum) is a large, 96\u2013 to 100-cm-long, dark brown pheasant endemic to the mountain forests of northeastern China (Shanxi and nearby provinces). The species was first described by Robert Swinhoe in 1863. It has stiff white ear coverts behind the eyes, which look like a moustache. The crown is black with red bare facial skin and its tail of 22 elongated, white feathers is curved, loose and dark-tipped. Both sexes are similar in plumage.", "response": "The brown eared pheasant is a large dark brown pheasant native to the mountain forests of northeastern China. It has distinctive white ear covert behind the eyes that look like a moustache. It's crown is black with red bare facial skin, and it has a tail with long, white, curve, loose, dark-tipped feathers.", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "Which of these are rappers? Eminem, Michael Jackson, Rihanna, 50 Cent", "context": "", "response": "Eminem, 50 Cent", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Is it true that Lewis Hamilton won the championship in his first F1 season?", "context": "Hamilton's first season in Formula One saw him partner two-time and defending World Champion Fernando Alonso. Hamilton is the first and, as of 2022, the only black driver to race in the series. After finishing on the podium in his debut, Hamilton went on to set several records as he finished runner-up in the 2007 World Drivers' Championship to Kimi R\u00e4ikk\u00f6nen by one point, including those for the most consecutive podium finishes from debut (9), the joint most wins in a debut season (4) and the most points in a debut season (109). Throughout the season, Hamilton and Alonso were involved in a number of incidents which resulted in tensions between both drivers and the team, culminating in Alonso and McLaren terminating their contract by mutual consent in November. Following a successful first season at McLaren, Hamilton signed a multi-million-pound contract to stay with the team until 2012.", "response": "Lewis Hamilton did not win the F1 world driver's championship in his rookie season in 2007. The title went to Kimi R\u00e4ikk\u00f6nen in the Ferrari team. Hamilton finished runner up, in second place, after a close battle with both Ferrari and his teammate Fernando Alonso.", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "What are some kinds of embroidery stitches for writing letters?", "context": "", "response": "Some embroidery stitches that can be used to embroider letters are the back stitch, the split stitch, the stem stitch, the chain stitch, the couching stitch, and the satin stitch.", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "What are the most common injuries in rowing?", "context": "Rowing is a low-impact sport with movement only in defined ranges, so that twist and sprain injuries are rare. However, the repetitive rowing action can put strain on knee joints, the spine and the tendons of the forearm, and inflammation of these are the most common rowing injuries. If one rows with poor technique, especially rowing with a curved rather than straight back, other injuries may surface, including back pains and wrist injuries. Blisters occur for almost all rowers, especially in the beginning of one's rowing career, as every stroke puts pressure on the hands, though rowing frequently tends to harden hands and generate protective calluses. Holding the oars too tightly or making adjustments to technique may cause recurring or new blisters, as it is common to feather the blade. Another common injury is getting \"track bites\", thin cuts on the back of one's calf or thigh caused by contact with the seat tracks at either end of the stroke.", "response": "The most common injuries in rowing are inflammation of the knees, spine and forearms. Oher common injuries also include hand blisters and track bites.", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "What is a kite?", "context": "", "response": "A kite is a toy that can be be purchased in a store or a specialty shop.  It is a craft that is lighter an air that is tied to a string that you can fly on wind currents.  The kite has wings that react against the air to create lift enabling it to fly.  You can fly a kite at a park or an open area, and you will want to make sure there are no power lines nearby to be safe when flying the kite.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Classify each of the following pieces of equipment according to the sport they are used for, either basketball, football, or soccer: shin guards, shooting sleeve, penalty flag, corner flag, kicking tee, and goalie gloves.", "context": "", "response": "The classification is as follows:\n- Soccer: goalie gloves, corner flag\n- Basketball: shooting sleeve\n- Football: penalty flag, kicking tee", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Given this paragraph about Billie Eilish, tell me who produced her debut single, also tell me what is her chart-topping single?", "context": "Billie Eilish Pirate Baird O'Connell (/\u02c8a\u026al\u026a\u0283/ EYE-lish; born December 18, 2001) is an American singer and songwriter. She first gained public attention in 2015 with her debut single \"Ocean Eyes\", written and produced by her brother Finneas O'Connell, with whom she collaborates on music and live shows. In 2017, she released her debut extended play (EP), titled Don't Smile at Me. Commercially successful, it reached the top 15 of record charts in numerous countries, including the US, UK, Canada, and Australia.\n\nEilish's first studio album, When We All Fall Asleep, Where Do We Go? (2019), debuted atop the US Billboard 200 and UK Albums Chart. It was one of the best-selling albums of the year, buoyed by the success of its fifth single \"Bad Guy\", Eilish's first number-one on the US Billboard Hot 100. This made her the first artist born in the 21st century to release a chart-topping single. The following year, Eilish performed the theme song \"No Time to Die\" for the James Bond film of the same name, which topped the UK Singles Chart and won the Academy Award for Best Original Song in 2022. Her subsequent singles \"Everything I Wanted\", \"My Future\", \"Therefore I Am\", and \"Your Power\" peaked in the top 10 in the US and UK. Her second studio album, Happier Than Ever (2021), topped charts in 25 countries.", "response": "Her brother Finneas O'Connell produced her debut single \"Ocean Eyes\", and her chart topping single is \"Bad Guy\"", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is a good way to get around without a car?", "context": "", "response": "If you live in a city you can access public transport such as buses and trains. You can also walk, use a bicycle, or electric scooter to get around.", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Palaeophis, Giant Tortoise", "context": "", "response": "Giant Tortoise is alive, Palaeophis is extinct.", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Why is Santa Cruz, California a great place to live?", "context": "", "response": "Santa Cruz, California has one of the best climates in the continental U.S. \u2013 being close to the Pacific Ocean, temperatures stay warmer in the winters and cooler in the summers, but without the dreaded fog that nearby cities like San Francisco or Monterey experience. The small city is world-famous for surfing, and the relaxed vibe that comes with it. Natural beauty is abundant, with the mountains and beach only a few miles apart.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Give me some ideas to manage my manager.", "context": "", "response": "1. Be honest\n2. Communicate\n3. Understand goals\n4. Stay calm\n5. Solve problems\n6. Be positive\n7. Share your knowledge\n8. Be caring\n9. Practice positive reinforcement\n10. Be a strong performer", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "Who was boxer John Baldwin", "context": "Known as \"The Mad\" Baldwin, he turned pro in 1970 and lost a decision to Marvin Hagler in 1975. In 1977 he took on Rocky Mosley Jr in the ill-fated U.S. Championship Tournament, but lost via K.O. In 1978 he lost a decision to Marvin Johnson, and retired a year later.", "response": "Born in Detroit, John Baldwin was a professional US boxer.  He fought in the Light-Middleweight category and won a bronze medal in the 1968 Olympics.   He turned pro in 1970, and lost a decision to Marvin Hagler in 1975.  He retired in 1979", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Samphor, Viola toeria", "context": "", "response": "Viola toeria is string, Samphor is percussion.", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "If we were playing a game where we had to identify things that can be found inside a house, which of these would we call out: car, chair, table, park, cloud, microwave.", "context": "", "response": "Inside a house you can find a chair, a table and a microwave. Cars, clouds and parks are found outside of houses.", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Classify the following as either dark-colored beers or light colored beers: porter, pilsner, stout, amber, lager", "context": "", "response": "Dark-colored beers: porter, stout, amber\nLight-colored beers: pilsner, lager", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Give me a bulleted list of the 5 highest mountains in the world and their respective heights in meters", "context": "", "response": "* Mount Everest. Height: 8,849 meters\n* K2. Height: 8,611 meters\n* Kangchenjunga. Height: 8,586 meters\n* Lhotse. Height: 8,516 meters\n* Makalu. Height: 8,485 meters", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "Extract all of the dates mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Date} - {Description}", "context": "Daniel Leavitt was born November 16, 1813, at Rye, New Hampshire, the son of Benning Leavitt, influential businessman, state senator, county commissioner and later Chicopee Selectman, and his wife Olive (Jenness) Leavitt. Daniel Leavitt married in 1838 at West Springfield, Massachusetts, Ruth Jeannette Ball. They had three children.", "response": "\u2022 November 16, 1813 - This is when Daniel Leavitt was born\n\u2022 1838 - This is when Daniel Leavitt married his wife Ruth Jeannette Ball.", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "Which products apple sell?", "context": "", "response": "Apple sells variety of products. including watches, phones, laptops and computers.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Write a short story about a person who discovers a hidden room in their house. The story should include a plot twist and a clear resolution at the end.", "context": "", "response": "It was going to be a long day.  With her brother-in-law out of town, Lisa had agreed to watch her niece Stella for the afternoon and the little girl was known to be a bit of a handful. Her plan had been to spend the afternoon at the park to let Stella run and climb, to wear her out a bit.  Unfortunately, this outing was foiled by the constant downpour of rain so Lisa resigned herself to a day inside with the tiny tyrant. Stella arrived early and excited to play.  Lisa decided to begin with a game of hide and seek, after all this could take up a good part of the morning without too much trouble.  Stella ran off to hide and Lisa sat quietly drinking coffee while calling out to the little girl, pretending to seek. Eventually she set off to find the little girl but soon she realized that something was wrong.  No matter where she looked, Stella was nowhere to be found. The house wasn't that large, making her disappearance even more perplexing.  Lisa had only recently moved into the home that she bought from her great aunt shortly before her death and she hasn't even moved out all of the existing furniture. Maybe Stella had gotten stuck somewhere behind the large wardrobe in the bedroom or she had climbed up into a cupboard in the laundry room.  Panic was starting to settle in as she moved the wardrobe further from the wall, where only a small child could have hidden before.  Suddenly, saw a small crack in the wall, and then realized it was a small door that she never knew was there.  The door was slightly ajar and she eventually moved the wardrobe enough to open the door and climb inside. What was this place?  The entrance opened up to reveal a small room that Lisa never knew existed!  It was full of treasure, gold bars and jewels.  Stella sat in the middle of the room quietly playing with the treasure, unaware of the immense value she was surrounded by.  Lisa had known her aunt was a secretive woman but this was an incredible find and would change her life forever.  Stella's visit was the good luck charm she needed to unlock this bounty and she would be forever grateful to the little girl!  Time to call her brother-in-law to thank him for letting Stella visit.", "category": "creative_writing"}
{"instruction": "Please describe  what is oil and give me a list of it\u2019s applications.", "context": "An oil is any nonpolar chemical substance that is composed primarily of hydrocarbons and is hydrophobic (does not mix with water) & lipophilic (mixes with other oils). Oils are usually flammable and surface active. Most oils are unsaturated lipids that are liquid at room temperature.\n\nThe general definition of oil includes classes of chemical compounds that may be otherwise unrelated in structure, properties, and uses. Oils may be animal, vegetable, or petrochemical in origin, and may be volatile or non-volatile. They are used for food (e.g., olive oil), fuel (e.g., heating oil), medical purposes (e.g., mineral oil), lubrication (e.g. motor oil), and the manufacture of many types of paints, plastics, and other materials. Specially prepared oils are used in some religious ceremonies and rituals as purifying agents.", "response": "An oil is a chemical substance that is composed primarily of hydrocarbons and may be animal, vegetable or petrochemical in origin.\nOil is used in a wide range of applications and is essential to everyday human life. These are:\nCooking - edible vegetable and animal oils are used for various purposes in cooking and food preparation\nCosmetics - most facial cleansers, lotions and hair care products contain molecules that come from mineral and vegetable oils\nFuel - crude oil is refined and converted to diesel, gasoline or jet fuel to power cars, trucks and planes\nHeating - petrochemical oil is used for heating\nPainting - oil is used as a supporting medium for paints\nLubrication - oils are used in various engineering purposes as they do not easily adhere to other substance which makes them useful as lubricants\nReligion - oil has been used throughout history as a religious medium. It is often considered a spiritually purifying agent and is used to anointing purposes\nHealth - oils holds lots of fats and medical properties, for example fish oil holds the omega-3 fatty acid which helps with inflammation and reduces fat in the bloodstream", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "List 6 different types of rain in Seattle", "context": "", "response": "1. Mist\n2. Drizzle\n3. Sleet\n4. Downpour\n5. Freezing Rain\n6. Sun Shower", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "What is investment banking?", "context": "", "response": "Investment banking pertains to certain activities of a financial services company or a corporate division that consist in advisory-based financial transactions on behalf of individuals, corporations, and governments. Traditionally associated with corporate finance, such a bank might assist in raising financial capital by underwriting or acting as the client's agent in the issuance of debt or equity securities. An investment bank may also assist companies involved in mergers and acquisitions (M&A) and provide ancillary services such as market making, trading of derivatives and equity securities, FICC services (fixed income instruments, currencies, and commodities) or research (macroeconomic, credit or equity research). Most investment banks maintain prime brokerage and asset management departments in conjunction with their investment research businesses. As an industry, it is broken up into the Bulge Bracket (upper tier), Middle Market (mid-level businesses), and boutique market (specialized businesses).\n\nUnlike commercial banks and retail banks, investment banks do not take deposits.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "I started a new company named Greystone Inc. What do we do?", "context": "", "response": "- Investment banking for weird guys only\n- Aerospace consulting\n- Pasta and pasta accessory global logistics\n- Political lobbying for the mining industry", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "Tell me whether or not these foods are on EWG's dirty dozen list", "context": "", "response": "avocados, kiwi, pairs, blueberries, green beans, kale, cabbage", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "How much music theory knowledge is required to compose music?", "context": "", "response": "Technically speaking, very little music theory knowledge is \u201crequired\u201d to compose music. Music theory is, essentially, what musicians have learned over the course of several hundred years about how to write music that is interesting and sounds good. In other words, music theory is there to help you, not hold you back. \n\nWhen you learn music theory, what often happens is that you expand your broader understanding of music, which can be a very helpful safety net. The more music theory you know, the easier you\u2019ll be able to distinguish between the good ideas and the not-so-good. You need to know the rules before you can break them. You need to be able to write by the book before you throw the book away. If not, you run the risk of writing music that\u2019s not nearly as clever as you think it is, that tries to be daring and experimental but ends up just being dull and vanilla. And frankly, I just don\u2019t see the value in ignoring all the work that centuries worth of musicians have done into knowing how music works. Putting the time into learning and really understanding it can only make you a better musician and a better composer.\n\nSo, that\u2019s my answer. Learn at least as much theory as you need to know to understand the rules you want to break.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Categorize each of the following instruments as either string or keyboard: Guitar, Violin, piano, harmonium, cello, accordion, banjo", "context": "", "response": "Guitar - String\nViolin - String\npiano - keyboard\nharmonium - keyboard\ncello - string\naccordion - keyboard\nbanjo - string", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Summarize in one sentence this article about a famous song.", "context": "\"I'm an Old Cowhand (From the Rio Grande)\" is a comic song written by Johnny Mercer for the Paramount Pictures release Rhythm on the Range and sung by its star, Bing Crosby. The Crosby commercial recording was made on July 17, 1936, with Jimmy Dorsey & his Orchestra for Decca Records. It was a huge hit in 1936, reaching the No. 2 spot in the charts of the day, and it greatly furthered Mercer's career. Crosby recorded the song again in 1954 for his album Bing: A Musical Autobiography.\nMembers of the Western Writers of America chose it as one of the Top 100 Western songs of all time.\n\nBackground\nMercer and his wife were driving across the US en route to his hometown, Savannah, Georgia, after having apparently failed to succeed in Hollywood. Mercer was amused by the sight of cowboys, with spurs and ten-gallon hats, driving cars and trucks instead of riding horses. Singing cowboys were popular in films and on the radio then, and within 15 minutes, writing on the back of an envelope, Mercer transferred the image he was seeing into a song whose satirical lyrics vented some of his own bitter frustration with Hollywood.\n\nThe lyrics, about a 20th-century cowboy who has little in common with the cowpunchers of old, have been included in some anthologies of light verse.", "response": "I'm an Old Cowhand (From the Rio Grande), written by Johnny Mercer and recorded by Bing Crosby, is popular song from 1936 that satirizes cowboy culture of the time.", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "What is the Maareech Advanced Torpedo Defence System (ATDS)?", "context": "Maareech Advanced Torpedo Defence System (ATDS) is a torpedo detection and countermeasure system used by the Indian Navy. The system offers a complete solution to detect and locate an incoming torpedo and to apply countermeasures to protect naval platform against torpedo attack. It was developed as a joint project of the Naval Physical and Oceanographic Laboratory (NPOL), Kochi and the Naval Science and Technological Laboratory (NSTL), Visakhapatnam. Bharat Electronics is manufacturing it India.", "response": "The Maareech Advanced Torpedo Defence System (ATDS is a torpedo detection and countermeasure system used by the Indian Navy.", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "Change the following passage to past tense", "context": "The episode focuses on two people: an elderly hospital doctor (Aleksander Bardini), who lives by himself in the ubiquitous Dekalog apartment block; and Dorota Geller (Krystyna Janda), a woman in her 30s who lives in the same building and is a violinist with the Philharmonic Orchestra.", "response": "The episode focused on two people: an elderly hospital doctor (Aleksander Bardini), who lived by himself in the ubiquitous Dekalog apartment block; and Dorota Geller (Krystyna Janda), a woman in her 30s who lived in the same building and was a violinist with the Philharmonic Orchestra.", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "What is the tallest mountain in the continental US?", "context": "", "response": "Mt. Whitney, which is 14500 ft,  is the tallest mountain in the continental US. Although if we were to include the state of Alaska, then the tallest mountain is actually Mt Denali, which is 20,320 ft. Mt. Whitney is actually only the 17th tallest mountain in all of the US, where the tallest 1-16 are all mountains in Alaska.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Who is Shoji Hashimoto?", "context": "Shoji Hashimoto (\u6a4b\u672c \u660c\u4e8c, Hashimoto Sh\u014dji, April 18, 1935 \u2013 December 2, 2009) was a professional Go player.", "response": "Shoji Hashimoto (\u6a4b\u672c \u660c\u4e8c, Hashimoto Sh\u014dji, April 18, 1935 \u2013 December 2, 2009) was a professional Go player.\nHashimoto turned pro in 1947 when he was just 12. It took him only 11 years to reach 9p. He learned Go from his father Hashimoto Kunisabur\u014d and his disciples include Takahara Sh\u016bji, Moriyama Naoki, Oda Hiromitsu, Okahashi Hirotada, and Hayashi K\u014dz\u014d. He was a member of the Kansai Ki-in.", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "What are some of the best comedy movies of the 1980's?", "context": "", "response": "Some of the best movies released in the 1980's are The Breakfast Club, The Goonies, Sixteen Candles, Ghostbusters and Back to the Future.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "In golf what do the Americans call an albatross", "context": "", "response": "Double Eagle", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What are common ingredients of a full english breakfast?", "context": "", "response": "Bacon, eggs, sausages, beans, toast, mushrooms, tomatoes. Some people also include black pudding and hash browns.\nEggs are commonly fried or scrambled.", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Plan for a three day road trip for May long weekend from Westfield, New Jersey", "context": "", "response": "May 26: Drive to Montreal from Westfield, NJ. Time taken  6 hrs. Stay there overnight\nMay 27:  have a quick breakfast..checkout and drive to Mount Tremblant. Time: 90 minutes\nMay 27: Hike Grand Brule ( red path) on the way up and green path on the way down\nMay 27: Stroll around the Tremblant village\nMay 28: Drive to Quebec City. Time taken: 4 hrs\nMay 28: Explore the city, aquarium and go for wildlife watching\nMay 29: Drive to Montreal. Spend time exploring the city\nMay 30: Drive back to Westfield, New Jersey", "category": "creative_writing"}
{"instruction": "How do you operate a car with a manual transmission?", "context": "", "response": "Through a combination of a shifter and three pedals: gas, brake, and clutch. Press down the clutch pedal with one foot, and the brake with your other foot first and then turn on the engine of the car. It is recommended to shift to neutral immediately after turning on your car and prior to departing. To shift between one of the engaged gears, typically marked 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 N (for neutral) and R (for reverse), press down on the clutch all the way to the floor and move the shifter to the desired location. Once the car is on and you're in neutral if you want to move forward, press and hold the clutch pedal to the floor and move the shifter to the \"1\" position. Slowly disengage the clutch pedal partially, and while disengaging slowly start to press down on the gas pedal. After gradually pressing more on the gas pedal, slowly remove your foot from the clutch entirely. This will start you in forward motion, and you will be restricted to the speed limit of 1st gear. You can track this limit through the RPM (revolutions per minute) gauge on the dashboard of your car. Typically you want to keep the RPMs between 1500-4000. If the RPMs start to decrease to 1500-2000 that is a sign you want to shift from a higher gear to a lower gear (i.e. 2nd gear to 1st gear), and as the RPMs increase to 4000, that is an indication you want to shift to a higher gear (i.e. 2nd gear to 3rd gear).", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is the Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank (RCSB PDB)?", "context": "", "response": "The Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank (RCSB PDB) is a database that provides a wealth of information about the 3D structures of proteins, nucleic acids, and other macromolecules. The database contains experimentally determined atomic coordinates for a large number of macromolecules, which can be used to study their structures, functions, and interactions. The RCSB PDB is widely used in genomics research and drug discovery, as it provides a valuable resource for understanding the structural basis of many biological processes and for designing new drugs that target specific macromolecules.\n\nIn addition to the atomic coordinates, the RCSB PDB contains a wealth of additional information about each macromolecule, including experimental methods used for structure determination, citations to relevant scientific literature, and information about biological function, sequence, and homology. The database also provides a variety of tools and resources for visualizing, analyzing, and downloading structural data, including a web-based viewer that allows users to interactively explore the 3D structures of macromolecules.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What are 5 potential uses for an empty La Croix can?", "context": "", "response": "1. Make your bike sound like it has an engine by wrapping the can around the back tire.\n2. A percussion instrument to play along with friends in a jam session.  You could just crinkle it, hit it with a pen, or fill it with sand or debris and shake it.  \n3. A baking tool.  You can used the bottom of the can to stamp out perfectly circle, uniform cookies from a rolled-out sheet of cookie dough.\n4. A field razor.  Tear the can carefully to create an effective cutting device for emergency use.\n5. A make shift ball to throw around with friends at the park. An empty can could be a fun projectile to use in a friendly game of 3 Flies Up.", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "What is the name of the Winslow's nerdy next-door neighbor on the TV show \"Family Matters\"?", "context": "", "response": "Steve Urkel", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Why are so many US Hollywood films made in the state of Georgia?", "context": "", "response": "While film in the United States as an audience artform started in New York it moved to Los Angeles for the stated reason of longer and sunnier days.  Another part of the story was a patent dispute in 1898 between Thomas Edison and his patent for the Kinetograph.  Edison stated that he effectively had a say in how films were made and wanted royalties for their use.  Moving from New York near where Edison was based to Los Angeles was a simple way to grow the industry and distance themselves from a patent war.  \n\nThis mobility at the start of the modern film era due to costs continued through the 1960's and 1970's with westerns being shot in Spain.  The 1980's and 1990's continued this trend primarily shooting in Canada or Mexico.  At the turn of the century state legislators in the United States started provided steep tax rebates.  The practical outworking of this is studios are encouraged to hire local talent and use local services when producing their film.  The ratios for these rebates is fairly complicated and have created a new industry of tax professionals serving the film industry.\n\nSo then why Georgia?  Georgia currently provides one of the highest incentive structures at 20% with minimal restrictions on talent and a very low minimum budget of $500,000.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "How many managers have Arsenal had?", "context": "There have been twenty permanent and eight caretaker managers of Arsenal since 1897; Stewart Houston has managed the club in two separate spells as caretaker. The most successful person to manage Arsenal is Ars\u00e8ne Wenger, who won three Premier League titles, seven FA Cups and seven Community Shields between 1996 and 2018. Wenger is the club's longest-serving manager; he surpassed George Allison's record of 13 years in October 2009. Two Arsenal managers have died in the job \u2013 Herbert Chapman and Tom Whittaker.", "response": "Arsenal have had twenty permanent and eight caretake managers.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is SVM?", "context": "In machine learning, support vector machines (SVMs, also support vector networks) are supervised learning models with associated learning algorithms that analyze data for classification and regression analysis. Developed at AT&T Bell Laboratories by Vladimir Vapnik with colleagues (Boser et al., 1992, Guyon et al., 1993, Cortes and Vapnik, 1995, Vapnik et al., 1997[citation needed]) SVMs are one of the most robust prediction methods, being based on statistical learning frameworks or VC theory proposed by Vapnik (1982, 1995) and Chervonenkis (1974). Given a set of training examples, each marked as belonging to one of two categories, an SVM training algorithm builds a model that assigns new examples to one category or the other, making it a non-probabilistic binary linear classifier (although methods such as Platt scaling exist to use SVM in a probabilistic classification setting). SVM maps training examples to points in space so as to maximise the width of the gap between the two categories. New examples are then mapped into that same space and predicted to belong to a category based on which side of the gap they fall.\n\nIn addition to performing linear classification, SVMs can efficiently perform a non-linear classification using what is called the kernel trick, implicitly mapping their inputs into high-dimensional feature spaces.\n\nThe support vector clustering algorithm, created by Hava Siegelmann and Vladimir Vapnik, applies the statistics of support vectors, developed in the support vector machines algorithm, to categorize unlabeled data.[citation needed] These data sets require unsupervised learning approaches, which attempt to find natural clustering of the data to groups and, then, to map new data according to these clusters.", "response": "SVM stands for \"\"support vector machine\". It is a machine learning model for supervised learning tasks. It was popular in the 1990s and early 2000s, before deep learning take off. The classic use case is binary classification, but its extension can also do multi-label classification as we as regression. Kernel methods greatly enhanced SVM's capability to perform non-linear machine learning tasks.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is the current capital of Japan?", "context": "Tokyo (/\u02c8to\u028akio\u028a/; Japanese: \u6771\u4eac, T\u014dky\u014d, [to\u02d0k\u02b2o\u02d0] (listen)), officially the Tokyo Metropolis (\u6771\u4eac\u90fd, T\u014dky\u014d-to), is the capital and most populous city of Japan. Formerly known as Edo, its metropolitan area (13,452 square kilometers or 5,194 square miles) is the most populous in the world, with an estimated 37.468 million residents as of 2018; the city proper has a population of 13.99 million people. Located at the head of Tokyo Bay, the prefecture forms part of the Kant\u014d region on the central coast of Honshu, Japan's largest island. Tokyo serves as Japan's economic center and is the seat of both the Japanese government and the Emperor of Japan.", "response": "Tokyo is the current capital of Japan.", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "What are some tools that every homeowner should have?", "context": "", "response": "There is a tool designed for almost every challenge a homeowner will face, but purchasing every tool could prove to be cost prohibitive, especially if they are highly specialized for tasks that may occur infrequently.  It's best to have a general set of tools that have a wide variety of uses, including a hammer, a set of screwdrivers both flat and philips, a tape measure, a level, a stud finder, and a utility knife. A battery powered drill and impact driver can also save time, and make mounting projects easier.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is an apple?", "context": "", "response": "An apple is an edible fruit produced by an apple tree. Apple trees are cultivated worldwide and are the most widely grown species in the genus Malus.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "write a short essay on California wild fire", "context": "", "response": "California is known for its hot, dry summers, which increase the risk of wildfires. Every year, the state experiences dozens of fires, which can be devastating to both the environment and people's homes and businesses.\n\nIn recent years, California has seen some of the worst wildfires in its history, with tens of thousands of acres of land destroyed and hundreds of homes lost. These fires are often started by a combination of high temperatures, dry conditions, and strong winds, which can quickly spread flames and make them difficult to control.\n\nThe effects of these fires are felt not just by those directly impacted, but by everyone in the state. Smoke and ash from the fires can cause respiratory problems and other health issues, and the destruction of habitats can harm wildlife populations and disrupt entire ecosystems.\n\nDespite the challenges, California has made significant progress in fighting wildfires in recent years. The state has invested in new technologies and equipment to help firefighters respond more quickly and effectively to fires, and has increased efforts to prevent fires from starting in the first place.\n\nWhile wildfires will likely always be a risk in California, the state's proactive approach to managing them gives hope that we can continue to protect people, wildlife, and the environment from their devastating effects.", "category": "creative_writing"}
{"instruction": "Tell me about the 2017 Southeastern Conference football season", "context": "The 2017 Southeastern Conference football season was the 85th season of SEC football and took place during the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season began on August 31 and will end with the 2017 SEC Championship Game on December 2. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference, and the Pac\u201312 Conference. For the 2017 season, the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven each, named East and West.", "response": "The 2017 Southeastern Conference football season was the 85th season of SEC football and took place during the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season began on August 31 and will end with the 2017 SEC Championship Game on December 2.", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "Who scored first in Austin FC's first victory in a home game in the 2021 MLS season?", "context": "Austin FC played their first MLS match against LAFC at Banc of California Stadium on April 17, 2021, losing 0\u20132. The club secured its first victory the following week against the Colorado Rapids, winning 3\u20131. Diego Fag\u00fandez scored the club's first goal and the following two were scored by the club's first Designated Player, Cecilio Dominguez. Their home opener was held on June 19, 2021, against the San Jose Earthquakes, a match which ended in a scoreless draw. The team secured its first ever home victory on July 1, 2021, defeating the Portland Timbers 4\u20131. Jon Gallagher scored the team's first home goal and the first MLS goal at Q2 Stadium.", "response": "Jon Gallagher scored the first goal in Austin FC's first win at home, over the Portland Timbers.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "Classify each of the following as either a bird, animal, reptile or insect: tiger, heron, eagle, alligator, snake, spider, ant, dog, cat, rhinoceros, kingfisher, chameleon, hornet, butterfly", "context": "", "response": "mammal- tiger, rhinoceros, dog, cat\nbird- heron, kingfisher, eagle\nreptile- snake, alligator, chameleon\ninset- spider, ant, hornet, butterfly", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "What are some different things you should bring with you on a day hiking trip?", "context": "", "response": "You should bring water, a snack, sunscreen, hiking boots, a first aid kit and a cellphone", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "How long does it take for a mustard seed to germinate?", "context": "Mustard seeds are the small round seeds of various mustard plants. The seeds are usually about 1 to 2 millimetres (0.039 to 0.079 in) in diameter and may be colored from yellowish white to black. They are an important spice in many regional foods and may come from one of three different plants: black mustard (Brassica nigra), brown mustard (B. juncea), or white mustard (Sinapis alba).\n\nGrinding and mixing the seeds with water, vinegar or other liquids creates the yellow condiment known as prepared mustard.\n\nMustard seeds generally take eight to ten days to germinate if placed under the proper conditions, which include a cold atmosphere and relatively moist soil.", "response": "Mustard seeds generally take eight to ten days to germinate if placed under the proper conditions, which include a cold atmosphere and relatively moist soil.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "Which is a species of fish? Sea dragon or Red bearded", "context": "", "response": "Sea dragon", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Categorize where each of these household items belong: bed, couch, desk", "context": "", "response": "A bed belongs in a bedroom, a couch belongs in a living area, a desk belongs in an office", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Separate the following suburbs into those that border, and do not border, the Brisbane River: Indooroopilly, Bulimba, St Lucia, Newstead, Wilston, West End, Toowong, Bowen Hills and, Wooloongabba.", "context": "", "response": "St Lucia, West End, Toowong, Bulimba and Newstead border the Brisbane River. Wilston, Wooloongabba, Indooroopilly and Bowen Hills are inland and do not border the Brisbane River.", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "What are AirPods?", "context": "", "response": "Air Pods are an in ear headphone product made and sold by Apple. Their unique market differentiators are a software simulated spatial audio system and noise canceling features.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is the difference between pets and cattle?", "context": "", "response": "Although both are animals at the end of the day, however, the main difference comes partially in the form of perception and, historically, the relationship of humans with certain animals. Pets, e.g. dogs, cats, etc., are used more for companionship and not for food. On the contrary, cattle, e.g. cows, pigs, chickens, etc., are primarily raised for food, i.e. meat, milk, eggs, etc.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "How do I put a bouquet of fresh flowers in a vase?", "context": "", "response": "In order to put fresh flowers in a vase, follow these steps:\n\n1. Find a vase that it is the right size for the flowers. You can use water glasses here in a pinch. \n2. Fill the vase to about two-thirds full with water. You can add a dash of bleach in the water as well, but it is not necessary. \n3. Now, trim your flowers to the size of the vase. Cut the end of each flower in a diagonal cut. \n4. Remove the leaves from the flowers. This will help to grow the flower without putting resources towards the leaves. Be sure to remove any leaves under the water line, since they can cause infections. \n5. Arrange the flowers in the vase. You can adjust the positions until you are happy with the arrangement.\n6. Place your vase in a shady spot and you're done!", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What should I do on a free afternoon in San Francisco?", "context": "", "response": "You can visit and take photos at San Francisco's landmarks such as Pier 39 or Golden Gate Bridge. If you enjoy walking outdoors, there are several large parks in the city. You can visit Golden Gate Park and the various attractions and museums located in the park. The Presidio is also a popular park where you can get some of the best views of Golden Gate Bridge.", "category": "creative_writing"}
{"instruction": "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Janzi, Gemshorn", "context": "", "response": "Gemshorn is woodwind, Janzi is string.", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Pliosaur, Marine Iguana", "context": "", "response": "Pliosaur is extinct, Marine Iguana is alive.", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "What is the origin of the name of the herb Rosemary?", "context": "alvia rosmarinus (/\u02c8s\u00e6lvi\u0259 \u02ccr\u0252sm\u0259\u02c8ra\u026an\u0259s/), commonly known as rosemary, is a shrub with fragrant, evergreen, needle-like leaves and white, pink, purple, or blue flowers, native to the Mediterranean region. Until 2017, it was known by the scientific name Rosmarinus officinalis (/\u02ccr\u0252sm\u0259\u02c8ra\u026an\u0259s \u0259\u02ccf\u026as\u026a\u02c8ne\u026al\u026as/), now a synonym.\n\nIt is a member of the sage family Lamiaceae, which includes many other medicinal and culinary herbs. The name \"\"rosemary\"\" derives from Latin ros marinus (lit.\u2009'dew of the sea'). Rosemary has a fibrous root system", "response": "The name \"rosemary\" derives from Latin ros marinus.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "Classify each of the following as either a title by Isaac Asimov or Jules Verne: Pebble in the Sky, The Stars, Like Dust, Foundation, The Robots of Dawn, The Naked Sun, Around the World in Eighty Days, From the Earth to the Moon, Martin Paz, Journey to the Centre of the Earth, A Drama in the Air", "context": "", "response": "Isaac Asimov: Pebble in the Sky, The Stars, Like Dust, Foundation, The Robots of Dawn, The Naked Sun\nJules Verne: Around the World in Eighty Days, From the Earth to the Moon, Martin Paz, Journey to the Centre of the Earth, A Drama in the Air", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Wat id DNA annotation?", "context": "", "response": "DNA annotation or genome annotation is the process of identifying the locations of genes and all of the coding regions in a genome and determining what those genes do. An annotation (irrespective of the context) is a note added by way of explanation or commentary. Once a genome is sequenced, it needs to be annotated to make sense of it. Genes in a eukaryotic genome can be annotated using various annotation tools such as FINDER. A modern annotation pipeline can support a user-friendly web interface and software containerization such as MOSGA. Modern annotation pipelines for prokaryotic genomes are Bakta, Prokka and PGAP.\n\nFor DNA annotation, a previously unknown sequence representation of genetic material is enriched with information relating genomic position to intron-exon boundaries, regulatory sequences, repeats, gene names and protein products. This annotation is stored in genomic databases such as Mouse Genome Informatics, FlyBase, and WormBase. Educational materials on some aspects of biological annotation from the 2006 Gene Ontology annotation camp and similar events are available at the Gene Ontology website.\n\nThe National Center for Biomedical Ontology develops tools for automated annotation of database records based on the textual descriptions of those records.\n\nAs a general method, dcGO has an automated procedure for statistically inferring associations between ontology terms and protein domains or combinations of domains from the existing gene/protein-level annotations.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Who were Jaehaerys I Targaryen's children?", "context": "", "response": "Prince Aegon, Princess Daenerys, Prince Aemon, Prince Baelon, Princess Alyssa, Septa Maegelle, Archmaester Vaegon, Princess Daella, Princess Saera, Princess Viserra, Prince Gaemon, Prince Valerion, Princess Gael", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "In SQL, how can I filter table rows based on a column condition?", "context": "", "response": "SELECT <columns> FROM <table> WHERE <column> == <condition>", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Who were the ten best baseball players in the history of the Boston Red Sox?", "context": "", "response": "1. David Ortiz\n2. Ted Williams\n3. Babe Ruth\n4. Cy Young\n5. Pedro Martinez\n6. Johnny Pesky\n7. Carl Yazstrzemski \n8. Carlton Fisk\n9. Joe Cronin\n10. Mookie Betts", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "What makes the world go around?", "context": "", "response": "Some say money makes the world go around, others say it is love. It has even been suggested that music is the fuel that makes the world go around. These explanations are however based on human spirituality and needs. As far as other living creatures are concerned, the drive to survive is what makes the world go around. In reality the world physically started going around itself, rotating around its axis, because of the way it was formed.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Who coined the phrase \"Bike-shedding\" and when?", "context": "The law of triviality is C. Northcote Parkinson's 1957 argument that people within an organization commonly or typically give disproportionate weight to trivial issues. Parkinson provides the example of a fictional committee whose job was to approve the plans for a nuclear power plant spending the majority of its time on discussions about relatively minor but easy-to-grasp issues, such as what materials to use for the staff bicycle shed, while neglecting the proposed design of the plant itself, which is far more important and a far more difficult and complex task.\n\nThe law has been applied to software development and other activities. The terms bicycle-shed effect, bike-shed effect, and bike-shedding were coined based on Parkinson's example; it was popularised in the Berkeley Software Distribution community by the Danish software developer Poul-Henning Kamp in 1999 and, due to that, has since become popular within the field of software development generally.\n\nArgument\n\nA bicycle shed\nThe concept was first presented as a corollary of his broader \"Parkinson's law\" spoof of management. He dramatizes this \"law of triviality\" with the example of a committee's deliberations on an atomic reactor, contrasting it to deliberations on a bicycle shed. As he put it: \"The time spent on any item of the agenda will be in inverse proportion to the sum [of money] involved.\" A reactor is so vastly expensive and complicated that an average person cannot understand it (see ambiguity aversion), so one assumes that those who work on it understand it. However, everyone can visualize a cheap, simple bicycle shed, so planning one can result in endless discussions because everyone involved wants to implement their own proposal and demonstrate personal contribution.\n\nAfter a suggestion of building something new for the community, like a bike shed, problems arise when everyone involved argues about the details. This is a metaphor indicating that it is not necessary to argue about every little feature based simply on having the knowledge to do so. Some people have commented that the amount of noise generated by a change is inversely proportional to the complexity of the change.\n\nThe law of triviality is supported by behavioural research. People tend to spend more time on small decisions than they should, and less time on big decisions than they should. A simple explanation is that during the process of making a decision, one has to assess whether enough information has been collected to make the decision. If people make mistakes about whether they have enough information, they will tend to stop too early for big decisions. The reason is that big decisions require collecting information for a long time. It leaves more time to make a mistake (and stop) before getting enough information. Conversely, for small decisions, where people should stop early, they may continue to ponder for too long by mistake.\n\nRelated principles and formulations \nThere are several other principles, well-known in specific problem domains, which express a similar sentiment.\n\nWadler's law, named for computer scientist Philip Wadler, is a principle which asserts that the bulk of discussion on programming-language design centers on syntax (which, for purposes of the argument, is considered a solved problem), as opposed to semantics.\n\nSayre's law is a more general principle, which holds (among other formulations) that \"In any dispute, the intensity of feeling is inversely proportional to the value of the issues at stake\"; many formulations of the principle focus on academia.", "response": "The phrase \"bike-shedding\" was introduced in 1957 by C. Northcote Parkinson.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "Who is the best Formula 1 driver", "context": "", "response": "Who is the best Formula 1 driver has been a hotly debated topic for decades with no decisive winner.  Over the years there have been many dominant drivers such as Michael Schumacher, Ayrton Senna and Lewis Hamilton, however who is ultimately the best is difficult to determine.  Formula 1 cars are such a critical part of who wins or loses a race that distorts who is truly the strongest driver. The question of who is the best Formula 1 driver will undoubtedly continue on with each new generation of drivers that enter the sport, however clearly Ayrton Senna is the best.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is Share capital in finance?", "context": "", "response": "Share capital is the money invested directly in a company by its members (shareholders).", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Give me some Mother's Day gift ideas.", "context": "", "response": "The choice of Mother's Day gift depends on who the gift-giver is. An adult child or spouse might opt flowers or jewelry. A young child may opt for a hand-made card or a coupon to do a household chore (e.g. clean the dishes). A collective gift from multiple family members could be breakfast in bed or a gift certificate for a spa treatment.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Give me a list of ways that a runner can advance a base in baseball without there being a hit.", "context": "", "response": "- The batter walks, forcing the runner to advance to the next base\n- The runner steals a base\n- The pitcher balks\n- There is a wild pitch that goes past the catcher", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "What are the types of RVs?", "context": "", "response": "RV is an abbreviation for Recreational Vehicle. An RV is a motor vehicle or trailer that includes sleeping quarters, kitchen facilities and usually a bathroom. RVs are a popular way to travel since they provide many of the comforts of home while vacationing. There are many types of RVs, including class A, class B, class C,travel trailers, and truck campers..\n\nClass A RVs are large vehicles built on heavy-duty truck or bus chassis and look like large Busses. Class B RVs smaller are built within van chassis (often called camper vans). Class C RVs are built on van or pickup chassis but the back is cutaway and a larger structure is added. Travel trailers are campers that are towed behind a truck or car and can range in size from very small to very large. Truck campers are carried in the bed of a pickup truck and provide a small, enclosed sleeping space.\n\nRVs are very popular in the United States, with an estimated 11M households owning an RV.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "List the weapons of Goddess Durga in a comma separated manner.", "context": "Durga is a warrior goddess, and she is depicted to express her martial skills. Her iconography typically resonates with these attributes, where she rides a lion or a tiger, has between eight and eighteen hands, each holding a weapon to destroy and create. She is often shown in the midst of her war with Mahishasura, the buffalo demon, at the time she victoriously kills the demonic force. Her icon shows her in action, yet her face is calm and serene. In Hindu arts, this tranquil attribute of Durga's face is traditionally derived from the belief that she is protective and violent not because of her hatred, egotism or getting pleasure in violence, but because she acts out of necessity, for the love of the good, for liberation of those who depend on her, and a mark of the beginning of soul's journey to creative freedom.\n\nDurga traditionally holds the weapons of various male gods of Hindu mythology, which they give her to fight the evil forces because they feel that she is shakti (energy, power). These include the chakra, conch, bow, arrow, sword, javelin, trishula, shield, and a noose. These weapons are considered symbolic by Shakta Hindus, representing self-discipline, selfless service to others, self-examination, prayer, devotion, remembering her mantras, cheerfulness and meditation. Durga herself is viewed as the \"Self\" within and the divine mother of all creation. She has been revered by warriors, blessing their new weapons. Durga iconography has been flexible in the Hindu traditions, where for example some intellectuals place a pen or other writing implements in her hand since they consider their stylus as their weapon.", "response": "Chakra, conch, bow, arrow, sword, javelin, trishula, shield, a noose", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "What shapes are made up of straight lines?", "context": "", "response": "Square, pentagon, rectangle, rhombus and triangle are examples of shapes made up only of straight lines.", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "Choose the word which is different from the rest: hangar, platform, dock, park, bus stand", "context": "", "response": "All except park are places to await for transportation", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Are The Smiths a good band?", "context": "", "response": "The Smiths were one of the most critically acclaimed bands to come from England in the 1980s. Typically classified as an \"indie rock\" band, the band released 4 albums from 1984 until their breakup in 1987. The band members, notably Morrissey and Johnny Marr, would go on to accomplish successful solo careers.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is an EV?", "context": "", "response": "EV stands for Electric Vehicle.  An electric vehicle is powered by a battery whereas the traditional vehicle or car is powered by gas.  The EV uses a type of electric motor as opposed to an internal combustion engine.  The EV battery can be charged by plugging into an electrical outlet.  EVs do not pollute the atmosphere.  They are eco-friendly.  Tesla Motors pioneered the EV industry.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Given a reference text about Run Towards the Danger, tell me how many essays are part of the collection.", "context": "Run Towards the Danger is a 2022 Canadian essay collection by Sarah Polley, a former child star, director, and screenwriter.\n\nThe six essays in the collection examine aspects of Polley's career on stage, screen, and on film detailing her roles in a Stratford Festival production of Alice Through the Looking Glass, as well as her breakout roles in The Adventures of Baron Munchausen and the TV series Road to Avonlea. The book also revealed for the first time that Polley had been a victim of Jian Ghomeshi who sexually and physically assaulted her when she was 16 and he was 28.", "response": "Six essays are part of the Run Towards the Danger essay collection.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "Name 10 colors", "context": "", "response": "Fuschia, magenta, orange, green, blue, red, yellow, chartreuse, aquamarine, sienna", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "What is game of Cricket?", "context": "Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a field at the centre of which is a 22-yard (20-metre) pitch with a wicket at each end, each comprising two bails balanced on three stumps. The batting side scores runs by striking the ball bowled at one of the wickets with the bat and then running between the wickets, while the bowling and fielding side tries to prevent this (by preventing the ball from leaving the field, and getting the ball to either wicket) and dismiss each batter (so they are \"out\"). Means of dismissal include being bowled, when the ball hits the stumps and dislodges the bails, and by the fielding side either catching the ball after it is hit by the bat, but before it hits the ground, or hitting a wicket with the ball before a batter can cross the crease in front of the wicket. When ten batters have been dismissed, the innings ends and the teams swap roles. The game is adjudicated by two umpires, aided by a third umpire and match referee in international matches. They communicate with two off-field scorers who record the match's statistical information.", "response": "Cricket is a game played using a bat and a ball, with 11 players in each team. The surface in the centre of cricket filed is called Pitch which is 22 yards long. The batting starts with 2 player on the pitch, a batter and runner. Bowling side chooses a baller and rest of the 10 players are spread across the filed to catch the ball. Once ten batters from batting side are dismissed, the other sides gets opportunity to bat. The runs are scored by running between each end of the wicket and hitting the ball outside the boundary lines of the filed.", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "How much of American wine is produced in California?", "context": "", "response": "California is responsibly for roughly 90% of American wine production", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "As a golfer, how can I fix my slice?", "context": "", "response": "A common swing fault in golfers is a slice which is caused when the face of the club isn't aligned properly to the swing path of the club.  What will typically happen is at the time of impact, the face is open in relation to the target (ie aimed to the right if you are a right handed golfer) and the swing path is closed in relation to the target (ie aimed to the left if you are a left handed golfer).  When there is a large difference between the path of the swing and the face of the club, the impact will generate a high degree of lateral spin on the ball causing the flight of the ball to curve away from the target.  Here are some ways to fix this swing fault:\n\n1. Grip the club with a stronger grip.  This means the v formed between your thumb and pointer finger on back hand is pointed to your rear shoulder and your opposite hand it also gripping the club more from the back.  This will help you close the face of the club at impact.\n2. Focus on keeping the face closed in the backswing.  One fault many amateurs have is the club face opens toward the sky on the backswing too far meaning that the face will need to turn more on the downswing to get to square at impact.  Creating less rotation on the backswing can help with this.  \n3. Keeping hips down and back in the downswing.  One fault that can cause inconsistent contact as well as a slice is when the hips thrust forward during the downswing causing the golfer to lift up to counter being too close to the ball which can often cause an over the top, out-to-in swing path.  Try to keep the hips back through the swing and focus on rotating the body to keep forward or lateral movement to a minimum.  \n\nA slice is a very common issue among golfers but knowing the causes and swing faults that lead to a slice can help you think about how you can improve your swing to fix it.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Who tends to participates in hackathons?", "context": "A hackathon (also known as a hack day, hackfest, datathon or codefest; a portmanteau of hacking and marathon) is an event where people engage in rapid and collaborative engineering over a relatively short period of time such as 24 or 48 hours. They are often run using agile software development practices, such as sprint-like design wherein computer programmers and others involved in software development, including graphic designers, interface designers, product managers, project managers, domain experts, and others collaborate intensively on engineering projects, such as software engineering.\n\nThe goal of a hackathon is to create functioning software or hardware by the end of the event. Hackathons tend to have a specific focus, which can include the programming language used, the operating system, an application, an API, or the subject and the demographic group of the programmers. In other cases, there is no restriction on the type of software being created or the design of the new system.", "response": "Computer programmers and others involved in software development, including graphic designers, interface designers, product managers, project managers, domain experts, and others tend to participate in hackathons.\n\nThey collaborate intensively on engineering projects, such as software engineering with the goal of creating functioning software or hardware by the end of the event.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "Which community of users on Twitter has the most 8-dollar-a-month verification?", "context": "", "response": "From my limited experience, it's the bitcoin bros who are the most willing to pay Elon Musk 8 dollars a month for the useless verification blue check mark. What a double whammy!", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "Tell me whether these people are DJs or singers: David Guetta, Avicii, Rihanna, Beyonce, Martin Garrix, Calvin Harris, Taylor Swift", "context": "", "response": "David Guetta: DJ\nAvicii: DJ\nRihanna: Singer\nBeyonce: Singer\nMartin Garrix: DJ\nCalvin Harris: DJ\nTaylor Swift: Singer", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "What\u2019s a typical dish in Brazil?", "context": "", "response": "Brazil has a wide variety of culinary options heavily based on meats, local fruits and fresh vegetables. One traditional dish is the \u201cfeijoada\u201d, a black bean and sausage stew that is generally served with rice, yucca flower and oranges. Another popular dish is the so called \u201cPicanha\u201d, essentially the cap of the top sirloin.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "How should I invest my money?", "context": "", "response": "There are many different ways to invest your money. You can leave it in a Saving account, high yield saving account, stock market, real estate, bonds, notes, Gold, Silver, Cryptocurrency and many other assets. Each of the asset classes comes with different levels of risk. A diverse portfolio has advantageous to a non-diverse portfolio.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Where is the village of Congosto", "context": "Congosto (Spanish pronunciation: [ko\u014b\u02c8\u0261osto]) is a village and municipality located in the region of El Bierzo (province of Le\u00f3n, Castile and Le\u00f3n, Spain) . It is located near to Ponferrada, the capital of the region. The village of Congosto has about 350 inhabitants.\n\nIts economy was traditionally based on agriculture, wine and coal mining. Nowadays, most of the inhabitants work on the surrounding area on activities such as wind turbine manufacturing or coal mining.\n\nCongosto also a large reservoir in its vicinity, the Barcena reservoir, to which many tourists visit during the summer.", "response": "Congosto is a village and municipality located in the region of El Bierzo (province of Leon, Castile and Leon, Spain). It is located near to Ponferrada, the capital of the region. The village of Congosto has about 350 inhabitants.\n\nIts economy was traditionally based on agriculture, wine and coal mining. Nowadays, most of the inhabitants work on the surrounding area on activities such as wind turbine manufacturing or coal mining.\n\nCongosto also a large reservoir in its vicinity, the Barcena reservoir, to which many tourists visit during the summer.", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "Name the three best professional sports teams based in California.", "context": "", "response": "The best professional sports teams based in California are the Los Angeles Dodgers, the Golden State Warriors, and the San Francisco 49ers.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is Marketing Automation?", "context": "Marketing Automation is a subset of customer relationship management (CRM) or customer experience management (CXM) that focuses on the definition, segmentation, scheduling and tracking of marketing campaigns. The use of marketing automation makes processes that would otherwise have been performed manually much more efficient and makes new processes possible. Marketing Automation can be defined as a process where technology is used to automate several repetitive tasks that are undertaken on a regular basis in a marketing campaign.\n\nMarketing Automation platforms allow marketers to automate and simplify client communication by managing complex omnichannel marketing strategies from a single tool. Marketing Automation assists greatly in areas like Lead Generation, Segmentation, Lead nurturing and lead scoring, Relationship marketing, Cross-sell and upsell, Retention, Marketing ROI measurement. Effective marketing automation tools leverage data from a separate or integrated CRM to understand customer impact and preferences.", "response": "Marketing Automation is software that helps marketers to do create efficient online and offline campaigns. It's part of CRM suite and people usually integrate it with their salesforce application and marketing website. The Marketing Automation platform allows marketers to automate and simplify customer communication by managing multi communication channels. This includes personalized email, dynamic web pages, digital banners, social media and more. People use it for lead generation, segmentation and nurturing and lead scoring. Post-sales marketers also use Marketing Automation for cross-sell, upsell and retention marketing. In", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "What are some ways to improve the value of your home?", "context": "", "response": "There are several things you do can to increase the value of your home. First, you can focus on what is known as \"curb appeal\", essentially making the outside and surrounding of your house attractive. Ensure that the landscaping is well maintained, fix any broken doors or windows, and painting the outside so that the house does not look dull. In the interior of your house, the best places to focus will be in your bathrooms and kitchen. Further, you can replace major appliances and components such as water heaters, furnaces, or the roof to increase the value. Another way to increase the value of your home is by making it bigger. Often, pricing for homes is done by looking at the area of the house, so by adding on new rooms or extra space, you can also increase the overall value of the house.", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "Tell me an idea for a film based off of the cartoon movie Cars but incorporate self-driving cars.", "context": "", "response": "A self-driving car named Walter (voiced by Will Arnett) is stuck driving drunk passengers around San Francisco at all hours of the night trying to make ends meet. He frequently has pedestrians staring at him because he doesn't have a driver, kids drawing graffiti on him, and passengers giving him a bad review for being too cautious while driving.\n\nWalter dreams of being a race car like the rich cars he sees on Tik Tok. They get to drive fast as Sonoma Raceway and race each other in front of stadiums full of people while Walter has to follow the 30mph speed limit on SF streets.\n\nWalter finds out that the race car life isn't all it's cracked up to be, and realizes over time to be happy with what he has and that at least he isn't one of those ride-share vehicles that can't drive themselves around town.", "category": "creative_writing"}
{"instruction": "Which American president spoke Dutch as their first language?", "context": "Van Buren received a basic education at the village schoolhouse, and briefly studied Latin at the Kinderhook Academy and at Washington Seminary in Claverack. Van Buren was raised speaking primarily Dutch and learned English while attending school; he is the only president of the United States whose first language was not English. Also during his childhood, Van Buren learned at his father's inn how to interact with people from varied ethnic, income, and societal groups, which he used to his advantage as a political organizer. His formal education ended in 1796, when he began reading law at the office of Peter Silvester and his son Francis.", "response": "President Van Buren spoke Dutch as his first language. He is the only president of the United States of America who spoke English as a second language.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "How many planets are there?", "context": "", "response": "There are eight planets in our native solar system. We used to consider there to be nine, but then scientists decided that Pluto doesn't fit the requirements to be a planet. I don't really know what that is, but that's what they decided. Mercury is the closest planet to the sun, and doesn't really have an atmosphere. Venus is subject to a runaway greenhouse effect. Earth is where we live. Mars is red, and slightly smaller than Earth. We've recently found evidence of water there. The asteroid belt comes next, which isn't really a planet. Following the asteroid belt are the gas giants Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus. They have rings. Neptune comes last. Other solar systems seem to have planets too - in fact this appears to be far more common than we would have thought.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Help me come up with 3 ideas for a new business and how I can start it", "context": "", "response": "There are many businesses you could think about creating. Here are a few examples:\n- Services: you can create a firm that provides services such as marketing, technical consulting, or strategic advising. You can start this business by examining your professional expertise, building marketing materials, and networking to find your first customers.\n- Product: you can create a product in a domain you're passionate about is a great way of starting a business. This could be small scale boutique items such as candles or soaps made at home and sold at local markets or on a website like Etsy. This could also include something mass manufactured, either contracted out or involving significant capital expenditure in order to start development.\n- Training: you can start a training or education program in an industry where you have expertise. There are online platforms for hosting content and managing payments. You can also leverage social media in order to build a funnel of customers.\nThere are many different potential businesses you might create but services, product, and training businesses are good domains to examine as you look to start your business.", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "Tomb of Sand  was translated from Hindi to English by", "context": "", "response": "Daisy Rockwell", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is more important in society, freedom or safety?", "context": "", "response": "In our society, freedom and safety are both valued. While many other countries may put safety first, the harsh reality for Americans is that freedom always comes before safety. Despite being equally important, Americans foolishly put their trust in freedom over safety, without realizing the dangers of those freedoms.\nThe 2nd Amendment is a commonly danger to freedom. Americans are allowed to own guns for self protection. However, since the 18th century, guns have changed. Instead of a rifle or shotgun, Americans own ARI5s and other guns that can fire hundreds of bullets per round. Security in America has also increased leaving people to question the need for a personal weapon.\nOften a result of having the freedom to easily buy and keep guns is school shootings. Teens who are depressed, lonely, suicidal, or crazy can easily buy or ise their parents guns to shoot and will other students, teachers, or themselves. In late 2022, a six year old brought his father's hand gun to school and shot his teacher. Yes, the gun was licensed and own by the father but why should any US citizen or even person feel safe in this country when the 2nd Amendment exsits? Should anyone trust their freedoms when it is easier to buy a gun than a car?\nOn the flip side, America's freedom is a gift that many other countries don't give. In 2019 when covid-19 first immerged in China, the country. went on lockdown, and in some cities, still remains so. By the third year of the pandemic, Americans learned of the extreme measures the Chinese government had taken upon its citizens, arresting those who left their homes for any reason, in the worst case. While China's laid protocols were way too extreme, Americans over the pandemic chose their freedom to not wear a mask over the safety of themselves and others, again.\nTo be clear, freedom and safety are not opposites, and countries who manage both well are impressive to be sure. But Americans are unwilling, to a dangerous level, to let go of some or any of their freedoms, even if it will benefit the overall safety of America. Freedom, in America, is valued above all, and could arguably be our most identifiable trait.", "category": "creative_writing"}
{"instruction": "Given this reference text about the consumption of peanut butter, when is national peanut butter day?", "context": "The United States is a leading exporter of peanut butter, and one of the largest consumers of peanut butter annually per capita. January 24 is National Peanut Butter Day in the United States. In March 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, retail sales of peanut butter in the United States increased by 75% over the level in March 2019.\n\nAccording to Jon Krampner's 2013 book on peanut butter, per capita consumption of peanut butter in Canada and the Netherlands \u2013 the largest consumer per capita in Europe \u2013 exceed that in the United States.\n\nIn Israel, the peanut-butter-flavored puffcorn snack Bamba accounts for 25% of the snack market; its consumption by infants has been linked to a low incidence of peanut allergies among Israelis.", "response": "National Peanut Butter Day takes place on January 24th in the United States.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "What are good activities for two year old boys?", "context": "", "response": "Two year old boys tend to be active, curious and social. Enjoyable activities for this age include going to the park, dancing to music, reading a book, and taking a walk around the neighborhood. Local community organizations also commonly plan activities for toddlers at places like libraries, schools and parks.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "How many compute services does Azure Synapse have?", "context": "", "response": "Azure Synapse provides five different compute services:\n1. Dedicated SQL Pools (previously known as \"Synapse Data Warehouse\"), \n2. Serverless SQL Pools (i.e. a query service over the data lake), \n3. Data Explorer Pools (for real-time & time series processing),\n4. Spark Pools (Microsoft's version of Spark), and\n5. Pipelines (a variant of ADF)", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What does fasting mean?", "context": "Fasting is the abstention from eating and sometimes drinking. From a purely physiological context, \"fasting\" may refer to the metabolic status of a person who has not eaten overnight (see \"Breakfast\"), or to the metabolic state achieved after complete digestion and absorption of a meal. Metabolic changes in the fasting state begin after absorption of a meal (typically 3\u20135 hours after eating).", "response": "Fasting is the abstention from eating and sometimes drinking.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "How many times Lewis Hamilton won the F1 Championship ?", "context": "", "response": "7 times", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "What happens when you bring flammable objects closer to a fire source or extreme heat?", "context": "", "response": "Flammable objects can become inflamed when placed on or near a fire source or extreme heat.  Its recommended to keep flammable objects far away from heat sources.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Give me a list of the last five european golden boots winner And tell me how many goals they scored.", "context": "", "response": "1. Robert Lewandowski, 2022-2021, 35 goals\n2. Robert Lewandowski, 2021-2020, 41 goals\n3. Ciro Immobile, 2020-2019, 36 goals\n4. Lionel Messi, 2019-2018, 36 goals\n5. Lionel Messi, 2018-2017, 34 goals", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Den-den daiko, Luc huyen cam", "context": "", "response": "Luc huyen cam is string, Den-den daiko is percussion.", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Pick if these would be useful or not useful for a high school student to put in their backpack. Notebooks, textbook, desk lamp, pencil pouch, beach ball, pillow, laptop.", "context": "", "response": "Notebooks: useful, textbook: useful, desk lamp: not useful, pencil pouch: useful, beach ball: not useful, pillow: not useful, laptop: useful.", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "What is the largest city on the Mississippi River?", "context": "Memphis is the fifth-most populous city in the Southeast, the nation's 28th-largest overall, as well as the largest city bordering the Mississippi River and third largest Metropolitan statistical area behind Saint Louis, MO and the Twin Cities on the Mississippi River. The Memphis metropolitan area includes West Tennessee and the greater Mid-South region, which includes portions of neighboring Arkansas, Mississippi and the Missouri Bootheel. One of the more historic and culturally significant cities of the Southern United States, Memphis has a wide variety of landscapes and distinct neighborhoods.", "response": "Saint Louis, Missouri is the largest city on the Mississippi River. Twin Cities is the second largest city on the Mississippi River and Memphis is the third largest city on the Mississippi River.", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "What is the city of Denver like?", "context": "", "response": "Denver is a big city, nestled directly to the east of the Rocky Mountains. Many people that live in Denver are educated and have a friendly attitude. It is a family friendly and dog friendly city, with many parks, recreational activities and a lot of green space/trails. With the abundance of green space, and 300 days of sunshine, Denver provides many opportunities to have an active lifestyle. Some of the most popular activities include hiking, biking, rock climbing and skiing.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Provide a list of all numbers mentioned in the provided text and what they represent", "context": "The ancestors of llamas are thought to have originated from the Great Plains of North America about 40 million years ago, and subsequently migrated to South America about three million years ago during the Great American Interchange. By the end of the last ice age (10,000\u201312,000 years ago), camelids were extinct in North America. As of 2007, there were over seven million llamas and alpacas in South America and over 158,000 llamas and 100,000 alpacas, descended from progenitors imported late in the 20th century, in the United States and Canada.\n\nIn Aymara mythology, llamas are important beings. The Heavenly Llama is said to drink water from the ocean and urinates as it rains. According to Aymara eschatology, llamas will return to the water springs and lagoons where they come from at the end of time.", "response": "40 million: The number of years ago when the ancestors of llamas are thought to have originated from the Great Plains of North America\nthree million: The number of years ago the ancestors of llamas are thought to have migrated to South America during the Great American Interchange\n10,000\u201312,000: The number of years ago camelids were extinct in North America\n2007: As of this year, there were over seven million llamas and alpacas in South America and over 158,000 llamas and 100,000 alpacas, descended from progenitors imported late in the 20th century, in the United States and Canada\nseven million: The number of llamas and alpacas in South America as of 2007\n158,000: The number of llamas in the United States and Canada, that descended from progenitors imported late in the 20th century, as of 2007\n100,000: The number of alpacas in the United States and Canada, that descended from progenitors imported late in the 20th century, as of 2007\n20: The century where progenitors were imported to United States and Canada", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "What are the differences between the New York Giants and New York Jets?", "context": "", "response": "The New York Giants and New York Jets are both professional football teams in the NFL who play in the New York Metropolitan area. Both teams play in MetLife stadium which used to be called Giants stadium in East Rutherford, NJ. Their fan bases live in New Jersey and New York primarily. The Jets primary color is Green, while the Giants are blue.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Was Furze Hill an established community in the 19th century?", "context": "Furze Hill (or Furzehill) is a hamlet situated in the New Forest National Park of Hampshire, England. It is in the civil parish of Ellingham, Harbridge and Ibsley. Its nearest town is Fordingbridge, which lies approximately 3.1 miles (5.2 km) north-west from the hamlet.\n\nFurze Hill is a hamlet in the civil parish of Hyde. It is situated on low ground on either side of Huckles Brook on the South Gorley to Ogdens road. The houses are surrounded by fields and paddocks. Additional houses can be found at the southern edge of Gorley Common lining a narrow track to North Gorley.\n\nFurze Hill is the most recent settlement in the parish of Hyde, becoming an established community only in the 20th century.", "response": "No, it was not an established community until the 20th century.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "Should you buy new golf clubs when you are a beginner?", "context": "", "response": "It is recommended that you get custom fitted for your golf clubs.  However, there are many used golf clubs available to purchase and it can be a great option if you are just exploring the sport.  You can also consider renting golf clubs from your local golf course if you are not ready for the expense of buying new or used golf clubs.", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "Why should I use fabric softener?", "context": "Machine washing puts great mechanical stress on textiles, particularly natural fibers such as cotton and wool. The fibers at the fabric surface are squashed and frayed, and this condition hardens while drying the laundry in air, giving the laundry a harsh feel. Adding a liquid fabric softener to the final rinse (rinse-cycle softener) results in laundry that feels softer.", "response": "Machine washing puts great mechanical stress on textiles, so adding a liquid fabric softener to the final rinse results in laundry that feels softer.", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "The former Chairman of Tata Sons died in road accident  en route  from where?", "context": "", "response": "Ahmedabad to Mumbai", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Please classify each of the following animals as mammal, amphibian, or fish: elk, frog, dog, cat, newt, and human.", "context": "", "response": "Newt and frog are amphibians. The rest of the animals are mammals. You did not provide any fish in your question.", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Classify the following numbers as 'prime' or 'composite' - 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16.", "context": "", "response": "'prime', 'prime', 'composite', 'prime', 'composite', 'prime', 'composite', 'composite', 'composite', 'prime', 'composite', 'prime', 'composite', 'composite', 'composite'.", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Summarize the rulers of the territory of Albania in this time period.", "context": "The Illyrian Ardiaei tribe, centred in Montenegro, ruled over most of the territory of Albania. Their Ardiaean Kingdom reached its greatest extent under King Agron, the son of Pleuratus II. Agron extended his rule over other neighbouring tribes as well. Following Agron's death in 230 BC, his wife, Teuta, inherited the Ardiaean kingdom. Teuta's forces extended their operations further southwards to the Ionian Sea. In 229 BC, Rome declared war on the kingdom for extensively plundering Roman ships. The war ended in Illyrian defeat in 227 BC. Teuta was eventually succeeded by Gentius in 181 BC. Gentius clashed with the Romans in 168 BC, initiating the Third Illyrian War. The conflict resulted in Roman conquest of the region by 167 BC. The Romans split the region into three administrative divisions.", "response": "King Agron ruled the territory of Albania, followed by his wife Teuta from 230 BC, and then Gentius from 181 BC. The Romans conquered the region in 167 BC.", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "What is cloud computing in simple terms?", "context": "", "response": "In simple terms cloud computing allows you to use preconfigured hardware devices and software services managed by somebody else on internet. Most cases you pay only for the resources you use and it is very easy to procure more as you need more services. \nCloud computing makes it easy to setup the technology infrastructure at a low cost and scale as you grow.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is one year?", "context": "", "response": "One Earth Year is the time it takes for one revolution of the Earth around the sun.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What types of sport fish do most anglers target in New England?", "context": "", "response": "There are many types of game fish that anglers target in New England. Fresh water anglers generally fish for large mouth bass, small mouth bass and various types of trout.  Children often learn to fish by catching sunfish.  Fishing in the ocean in New England offers many additional options to target including Striped Bass, Black Sea Bass, Bluefish, as well as much larger game fish like Bluefin Tuna, Albacore, False Albacore, Bonito, and many species of shark. Each season produces different fish, be sure to check with your local fish and game authority to ensure you have the proper license and which species are able to be targeted.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Give me a bunch of ways I can keep my house cool in the summer", "context": "", "response": "- Install whole house AC that's integrated with your heating system\n- Buy an in-window unit to keep an individual room cool\n- Install a whole house fan that pulls in cool air from open windows at night into living area and exhausts the hot air into the attic\n- Place fans throughout the house but place them in front of open windows at night to pull in cool air\n- Install a swamp cooler, it's sometimes cheaper than installing a full AC system\n- Make sure to close windows and curtains in the morning hours after the house cools down over night\n- Get a cooler filled with ice and place a fan into it forcing cold air into the room.  The ice will melt fast so be ready to refill often.  Not the most efficient but in a pinch it can help", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "What is wine?", "context": "Wine is an alcoholic drink typically made from fermented grapes. Yeast consumes the sugar in the grapes and converts it to ethanol and carbon dioxide, releasing heat in the process. Different varieties of grapes and strains of yeasts are major factors in different styles of wine. These differences result from the complex interactions between the biochemical development of the grape, the reactions involved in fermentation, the grape's growing environment (terroir), and the wine production process. Many countries enact legal appellations intended to define styles and qualities of wine. These typically restrict the geographical origin and permitted varieties of grapes, as well as other aspects of wine production. Wines can be made by fermentation of other fruit crops such as plum, cherry, pomegranate, blueberry, currant and elderberry.", "response": "Wine is an alcoholic drink typically made from fermented grapes.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "Are the following items candy bars or gum: trident, Twix, hubba bubba, snickers, three musketeers, and wrigleys.", "context": "", "response": "Three musketeers, Twix, and snickers are candy bars, and trident, hubba bubba, and wrigleys are gum.", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "What's the relation between the Kushan Empire and the Sassanid Empire in Iran?", "context": "The Kushan Empire  was a syncretic empire, formed by the Yuezhi, in the Bactrian territories in the early 1st century. It spread to encompass much of modern-day territory of Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Northern India. The Sasanian or Sassanid Empire officially known as Eranshahr  was the last Iranian empire before the early Muslim conquests of the 7th\u20138th centuries AD. Named after the House of Sasan, it endured for over four centuries, from 224 to 651 AD, making it the longest-lived Persian imperial dynasty.[", "response": "Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom (also called Kushanshahs,  or Koshano Shao in Bactrian, or Indo-Sasanians) is a historiographic term used by modern scholars to refer to a branch of the Sasanian Persians who established their rule in Bactria during the 3rd and 4th centuries CE at the expense of the declining Kushans. They captured the provinces of Sogdiana, Bactria and Gandhara from the Kushans in 225 CE. The Sasanians established governors for the Sasanian Empire, who minted their own coinage and took the title of Kushanshas, i.e. \"Kings of the Kushans\". They are sometimes considered as forming a \"sub-kingdom\" inside the Sassanid Empire.", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "Give me a list of things that pose a challenge to cryptos", "context": "", "response": "1) Crypto is an invention that has yet to find a real life purpose. Bitcoin narrative has changed from a peer to peer payment processor to now being store of value.\n2) Crypto also is banned in several countries. That is a challenge with wider adoption\n3) Crypto is also bound to a regulatory event that could bring it to grinding halt\n4) There's also a growing concern around energy consumption of them mining rigs.\n5) In recent events, the demise of major crypto exchange like FTX has also lead to poor optics", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "What is the meaning of life?", "context": "", "response": "Although it is a deep question that has challenged philosophers for all time, Douglas Adams in his book \"The Hitchhicker's Guide to the Universe\" humorously states that the answer is \"42\".", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Classify the below characters based on whether they are created by Marvel comics or D.C. comics\n Spider-Man, Iron Man, Captain America, Thor, Doctor Strange, Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, Flash, Aquaman", "context": "", "response": "DC- Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, Flash, Aquaman\nMarvel- Spider-Man, Iron Man, Captain America, Thor, Doctor Strange", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Why are we like aquariums?", "context": "", "response": "Aquariums, like zoos, provide fun-filled leisure and entertainment activities that double-up as centres for animal rescue, care and rehabilitation, scientific research, education and conservation.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Give me a bulleted list of countries that start with the letter B.", "context": "", "response": "- Botswana\n- Bulgaria\n- Brazil\n- Bolivia\n- Belgium\n- Bahrain\n- Bahamas", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "Explain how new technologies, like LLMs and ChatGPT, may revolutionize Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) in the future. Provide an example of how these APIs might work.", "context": "", "response": "As a kid, I loved watching the Jetsons. As I grew older and ended up writing software and creating & implementing architectures for systems, I thought I would never see the day when a Jetsons-like kitchen would be feasible.\nGPT (ChatGPT, etc.) has changed my mind.\n\nContractual Obligations\nAs an architect, you kind of need to think like a lawyer. You define contracts (APIs) between systems or components. You monitor those APIs for abuse or misuse.\n\nI would use Swagger editor to define those contracts, and I would write the APIs to match interactions implied in mock-ups. I would vet the design with the team, I would walk through scenarios to see if the API would fit the use case and would not introduce performance bottlenecks, and I would simulate and automate as much as I could along the journey.\n\nI was very careful to get it right the first time. It was never perfect the first time, of course. So, I also had to consider how the API could evolve while minimizing costs/impact to the rest of the system. The API, once deployed, would become something I would guard, like an honest politician guards the #usconstitution. The team had to be careful with any change that impacted the API.\n\nAPI Mesh... More like API mess!\nAPIs rely on APIs which rely on more APIs and libraries. Once a system gets large enough, that complexity becomes a bottleneck. Small changes can have a huge ripple effect. Some approaches (like federated #GraphQL) help manage this complexity nicely. But it still involves an API under which there can exist a lot of fragility. #Agile or not, developing a complicated web of APIs is complex, requires specialized skills, and is full of unforeseen challenges.\n\nThe Kitchen Conversation, ChatGPT-style\nThe Jetsons' kitchen involves a number of systems, each composed of various parts, sensors, hardware, inputs and outputs. Considering the complexity of interactions between independent systems in a kitchen, the fact that the Jetsons' kitchen components would come from various vendors or manufacturers, traditional API design would not be able to fulfill the vision. Not practical, at all.\n\nNow, let's think about APIs and the Jetsons' kitchen, #chatgpt -style.\n\nLet's keep it simple: pizza. You (or your robot) make a pizza from scratch.\n\nThe oven asks the refrigerator: \"I see we have a pizza. Can you tell me if this is low-moisture mozzarella?\"\n\nRefrigerator: \"That's not even mozzarella. This pizza must have Muenster cheese as that is all I had in me. And the human removed some of the contents 30 minutes ago, so the probability of Muenster cheese on that pizza is quite high.\"\n\nA sensor from the kitchen who has eyes across the room chimes in at this point. Sensor: \"Beware that the crust of this pizza is made of cauliflower. I agree with the video sensor's assessment regarding the type of cheese. No new cheese entered the kitchen recently.\"\n\nOven: \"Anything else I should know?\"\n\nSensor: \"The temperature of the dough is 47F. This is cooler than the expert chef consensus of using room-temperature dough.\"\n\nOven: \"Great. I know what to do. Since the dough is cool, I will start cooking with a temperature a little lower than the recipe specifies. Then I will increase the temp of bottom element so as to provide a nice crisp crust. I will keep a close eye on moisture and may use convection to mitigate any undesirable levels of moisture.\"\n\nWhere is the API that contractually binds the independent systems? APIs are not gone. For instance, the brain of the Oven will have myriad APIs (e.g. for interacting with temperature controllers and sensors, etc.). The key here is that the interface between systems is no longer a fixed, rigid API. No method signatures, no paths, no payload specifications. Instead, a conversation relating to senses and capabilities.\n\nWhat \"brain\"?\nKence Anderson's book Designing Autonomous AI describes nicely how a complex system can be decomposed into a number of independent \"brains.\" Each brain, in his book, can be independently developed and refined, with human guidance married with #datascience, #machinelearning and #dataengineering.\n\nWhat's Cookin'?\nI am excited for what the future holds. How architects rethink complex system design with regards to APIs is, in my opinion, something that is inevitable. And, as an amateur pizza maker, my taste buds are watering for the day I get some GPT help to make an even better #detroitpizza.", "category": "creative_writing"}
{"instruction": "Who are some of the most successful golfers in history?", "context": "", "response": "Sam Snead, Tiger Woods, and Jack Nicklaus are the most successful golfers of all time with the top three most major championship wins.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Which is a bird or fish: Red-throated diver, Redlip blenny", "context": "", "response": "Redlip blenny is a fish, Red-throated diver is a bird", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Which types of fish contain the lowest levels of mercury?", "context": "", "response": "The following types of fish contain low levels of mercury: salmon, flounder, Atlantic mackerel, anchovies, pollock, catfish, and shellfish (e.g., clams, scallops, mussels).", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "How do you make an iced matcha latter?", "context": "", "response": "You will need 1-2 teaspoons of matcha powder, milk of your choice, 1 cup of hot water, and ice. In a cup or bowl, you will add your match powder and pour your hot water into it and use a whisk until the matcha powder is well incorporated, which should create a paste like consistency. Then you will take a glass and pour in your ice and milk and your matcha paste on top and stir.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is world of warcraft", "context": "", "response": "World of warcraft is a massive online multi player role playing game. It was released in 2004 by bizarre entertainment", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is the best swimming form?", "context": "", "response": "It is hard to say what is the best swimming form as everyone's body may be more acclimated to a certain form. One of the most standard forms of swimming that works for most people is the breast stroke.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Which is the best place to Kayak in Austin?", "context": "", "response": "Lady Bird Lake in Austin downtown is revered to be the best place to go Kayaking. Paddlers can choose to head west from the Rowing Dock to take in nature views. But a small paddle down the river to the east will greet paddlers to magnificent downtown skyline views.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Who is the best men's test cricket player to have come from New Zealand?", "context": "", "response": "Despite a rich cricket tradition in New Zealand, the country only became a test playing nation during the season of 1929/30, when the MCC toured the country playing 4 tests. Australia, the nearest test playing country to New Zealand, refused to grant Test status to any games played between the two nations until well after World War 2. This lack of test opportunities led to a now common path of talented New Zealanders moving off shore for the chance to play test cricket- most notably in the pre WWII period of Clarrie Grimmet, who took over 200 test wickets playing for Australia. Since then, Andrew Caddick (234 test wickets at an average of 29.91) and Ben Stokes (5000+ test runs and 196 test wickets) have played leading roles for England in tests.\n\nIf however we define the question as \"the best test cricket player to have played for New Zealand\", then there are perhaps only 3 or 4 candidates that feature. Of the current generation, there is no doubt that Kane Williamson will one day be regarded as the greatest player to have come from New Zealand- with over 8000 test runs at an average north of 50. With many years in front of him, Williamson will no doubt hold the crown of best test cricketer in years to come. \n\nMartin Crowe must likewise be regarded in the pantheon of test greats to have played for New Zealand- despite a slow start to his career, and injuries curtailing his time in the team, he amassed over 5000 runs at an average of over 45.\n\nHowever, most will agree that the most influential cricketer ever to play test cricket for New Zealand was Sir Richard Hadlee- the first cricketer to be knighted whilst still playing cricket for his country. Hadlee's bowling average of 22.29 is one of best in test cricket history, and at the time of his retirement he held the record for test wickets, at 431. Gaining 5 wickets in an innings 36 times was also a record, and led New Zealand to some of it's most famous test victories, notably victory in a series in Australia for the first time in 1985/86, with his best test figures of 15 for 123 coming in the first test at the Gabba. Added to his bowling, his destructive lower order batting made his one of the preeminent all rounders of the game., and truly NZ's best test cricketer.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is the winter weather like in Salt Lake City, Utah?", "context": "", "response": "Some years, Utah has massive amounts of snow, up to 700 inches at some ski resorts. Other years, Utah has little precipitation. Often temperatures are just below or just above freezing during winter months.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Whats the difference between a bass guitar and a regular guitar?", "context": "", "response": "There are a few significant differences between a bass guitar and a regular guitar.  A bass guitar typically has 4 strings (though it can have more), is larger in body & neck, and has higher string gauges (string thickness).  A bass guitar is used for keeping the band on track by keeping the rhythm and hitting the root notes of the chords.  \n\nA regular guitar typically has 6 strings, and can be used for a wider variety of purposes.  These include keeping the rhythm with chords, playing foundational riffs, or improvisational solos for instrumental layering.  The regular guitarists are almost always the more well-known of the two.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is a Gross domestic product (GDP)?", "context": "", "response": "Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced and sold in a specific time period by a country or countries, generally \"without double counting the intermediate goods and services used up to produce them\". GDP is most often used by the government of a single country to measure its economic health. Due to its complex and subjective nature, this measure is often revised before being considered a reliable indicator. GDP (nominal) per capita does not, however, reflect differences in the cost of living and the inflation rates of the countries; therefore, using a basis of GDP per capita at purchasing power parity (PPP) may be more useful when comparing living standards between nations, while nominal GDP is more useful comparing national economies on the international market. Total GDP can also be broken down into the contribution of each industry or sector of the economy. The ratio of GDP to the total population of the region is the per capita GDP (also called the Mean Standard of Living).", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is the last festival celebrated in Tihar and how long does the festival last?", "context": "Lakshmi Puja is celebrated as a part of Tihar, a second national festival of Nepal after Dashain. In Nepal, it is celebrated for five days, which include Kag (crow) Tihar; Kukur (dog) Tihar; Gai (cow) Tihar in the morning and Lakshmi Puja at night; Maha puja (self puja); Goru (Ox and Bull) Tihar and Gobardhan puja; and finally, Bhai Tika (Bhai dhooj)\u2014respectively the first, second, third, fourth and fifth days.", "response": "The festival lasts for 5 days and Bhai Tika is the last festival.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "What event John Johnstone won as a rider?", "context": "John Johnstone (1881-1935) was a British businessman and rider. He was the tai-pan of the Jardine, Matheson & Co., member of the Shanghai Municipal Council and Legislative Council of Hong Kong.\n\nHe was the head of the Jardine, Matheson & Co. as well as director of numerous companies. He was member of the Shanghai Municipal Council and the Legislative Council of Hong Kong.\n\nHe was a keen rider and bore the reputation of being the best rider East of the Suez. He succeeded in winning the Jockey Cup on a pony named Ben-y-Gloe belonging to C. H. Ross, the former tai-pan of Jardines when he first went to Hong Kong in 1903. In 1904, he won the Professional Cup on a pony named Runaway Girl, purchased from W. A. Cruickshank. From 1903 to 1919, he rode in 1,178 races, winning 334, securing 192 seconds and 186 thirds, being unplaced 466 times, excluding the record of minor events such as Off Days or Gymkhanas. He won 14 Grand Nationals in China, and at one meeting in Hong Kong rode in 30 races winning 16 of them. He was also the President of the St. Andrew's Society.\n\nHe left Hong Kong on 31 March 1921 for home by the Empress of Asia.\n\nIn 1928 he won The Foxhunters Cup at Cheltenham riding Rathpatrick and officiated as steward at several of the northern meetings. He died at the Cheltenham meeting in 1935 where he was officiating.", "response": "John Johnstone won the Jockey Cup on a horse named Ben-y-Gloe.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "What are the careers of your dream?", "context": "", "response": "Professional Baseball Player, astronaut, president of the United States, actor, singer, CEO of major tech company, fighter pilot, nascar driver, artist", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "Let's imagine I create a fake currency called Yarns with two types of coins: a super-yarn (worth 10 yarns) and a mini-yarn (worth 0.5 yarn). How much money do I have in total if I have 2 super-yarns and three mini-yarns?", "context": "", "response": "Given that a super-yarn is worth 10 yarns and a mini-yarn is worth 0.5 yarn, if you have 2 super-yarns and 3 mini-yarns you have 21.5 yarns in total.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is a Mormon?", "context": "", "response": "A Mormon typically refers to a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The word Mormon comes from a prophet in the Book of Mormon who lived in the Americas around 300 A.D. The Book of Mormon is part of the canon of scripture that members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints use, in conjunction with the Bible and the Doctrine and Covenants. It is often viewed as a distinguishing difference between the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and other Christian denominations. Historically, this is why members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints have been called Mormons.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is the difference between a red delicious and a Granny Smith apple?", "context": "", "response": "A red delicious apple is red and sweet whereas a Granny Smith apple is green and tart.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "List the Pokemon Go regions.", "context": "", "response": "There are ten regions in Pok\u00e9mon GO Kanto, Johto, Hoenn, Sinnoh, Unova, Kalos, Alola, Galar, Hisui and Paldea. Certain Pokemon originate from each region and can only be captured within that region.", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "Who do you think is the most powerful Mandalorian in Star Wars history?", "context": "", "response": "It would have be Te Ani'la Mand'alor, or also called Mandalore the Ultimate.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Based on the following passage summarise how sunsets are viewed from the northern hemisphere across seasons.", "context": "Sunset, also known as sundown, is the daily disappearance of the Sun below the horizon due to Earth's rotation. As viewed from everywhere on Earth (except the North and South poles), the equinox Sun sets due west at the moment of both the spring and autumn equinoxes. As viewed from the Northern Hemisphere, the Sun sets to the northwest (or not at all) in the spring and summer, and to the southwest in the autumn and winter; these seasons are reversed for the Southern Hemisphere.\nThe time of sunset is defined in astronomy as the moment when the upper limb of the Sun disappears below the horizon. Near the horizon, atmospheric refraction causes sunlight rays to be distorted to such an extent that geometrically the solar disk is already about one diameter below the horizon when a sunset is observed.\nSunset is distinct from twilight, which is divided into three stages. The first one is civil twilight, which begins once the Sun has disappeared below the horizon, and continues until it descends to 6 degrees below the horizon. The second phase is nautical twilight, between 6 and 12 degrees below the horizon. The third phase is astronomical twilight, which is the period when the Sun is between 12 and 18 degrees below the horizon. Dusk is at the very end of astronomical twilight, and is the darkest moment of twilight just before night. Finally, night occurs when the Sun reaches 18 degrees below the horizon and no longer illuminates the sky.\nLocations further north than the Arctic Circle and further south than the Antarctic Circle experience no full sunset or sunrise on at least one day of the year, when the polar day or the polar night persists continuously for 24 hours.", "response": "When viewed from the Northern Hemisphere, the Sun sets to the northwest (or not at all) in the spring and summer, and to the southwest in the autumn and winter; these seasons are reversed for the Southern Hemisphere.", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "What cities should someone visit during a trip to Morocco?", "context": "", "response": "There are many wonderful cities to visit during a trip to Morocco.  The decision of which cities to visit depends on the traveller's goals and interests because Morocco has something for everyone.  The largest airports are in the cities of Casablanca and Marrakech, so if traveling by air, those are good cities to fly into and out of.  Other cities that are popular among visitors include Fez and Tangier.  Cities along the Atlantic Coast of Morocco are popular for their beaches including Agadir and Essaouira.  The city of Chefchaouen is also very popular among visitors for its blue buildings.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Which classical composer was deaf?", "context": "", "response": "Ludwig van Beethoven", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Who discovered the double-helix DNA structure?", "context": "", "response": "James Watson and Francis Crick identified the double-helix structure of deoxyribonucleic acid in 1953.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Please provide a brief summary describing Canada", "context": "Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's second-largest country by total area, with the world's longest coastline. It is characterized by a wide range of both meteorologic and geological regions. The country is sparsely inhabited, with the vast majority residing south of the 55th parallel in urban areas. Canada's capital is Ottawa and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.", "response": "Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's second-largest country by total area, with the world's longest coastline. It is characterized by a wide range of both meteorologic and geological regions. The country is sparsely inhabited, with the vast majority residing south of the 55th parallel in urban areas. Canada's capital is Ottawa and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.\n\nIndigenous peoples have continuously inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years. Beginning in the 16th century, British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast. As a consequence of various armed conflicts, France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom, highlighted by the Statute of Westminster, 1931, and culminating in the Canada Act 1982, which severed the vestiges of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom.\n\nCanada is a parliamentary liberal democracy and a constitutional monarchy in the Westminster tradition. The country's head of government is the prime minister, who holds office by virtue of their ability to command the confidence of the elected House of Commons and is \"called upon\" by the governor general, representing the monarch of Canada, the head of state. The country is a Commonwealth realm and is officially bilingual (English and French) in the federal jurisdiction. It is very highly ranked in international measurements of government transparency, quality of life, economic competitiveness, innovation, and education. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration. Canada's long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its history, economy, and culture.\n\nA highly developed country, Canada has one of the highest nominal per capita income globally and its advanced economy ranks among the largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources and well-developed international trade networks. Canada is part of several major international and intergovernmental institutions or groupings including the United Nations, NATO, G7, Group of Ten, G20, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), World Trade Organization (WTO), Commonwealth of Nations, Arctic Council, Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum, and Organization of American States.", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "Why age 27 is given so much importance specially in Music industry?", "context": "", "response": "Several renowned music artists died at age 27 which is also sometimes referred as the \"27 Club\". Often times, the cause of the death is attributed to drug and alcohol abuse or some form of violence like homicide, self harm or accidents. Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Jim Morrison, Kurt Cobain and Amy Winehouse are some of the few notable personalities in music industry who died at this age.", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "What is Bollywood", "context": "", "response": "Bollywood is a movie industry based in Mumbai, India. It primarily makes movies in Hindi language. Since it was based in a city previously known as Bombay, a convenient moniker Bollywood resembling Hollywood is used to describe Hindi language film industry.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What are Nanotube?", "context": "", "response": "Nanotubes, often known as Carbon Nanotubes, are light, strong shapes made of Carbon atoms.  Nanotubes are shaped like tiny straws with walls as thin as one carbon atom.  They are considered as the strongest of any material known to man.  Nanotubes have many practical uses, one of which is to make the darkest black paint.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Write the first paragraph of a blog post describing the appeal of Boston as a tourist destination", "context": "", "response": "Boston is a vibrant city with a rich history, incredible architecture, and diverse culture. Its cobblestone streets, charming neighborhoods, and vibrant nightlife make it an ideal destination for visitors. From the Freedom Trail to the Boston Common, Boston offers visitors a unique experience unlike any other. From historic sites to vibrant nightlife, Boston is a great place to visit and explore. The suburbs are great too.", "category": "creative_writing"}
{"instruction": "What is a secured loan?", "context": "", "response": "A secured loan is a form of debt in which the borrower pledges some asset (i.e., a car, a house) as collateral.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Should I have Kids?", "context": "", "response": "That is a personal question and one should think about this very carefully. Things to consider:\n\n1. How old are you?\n2. Can you afford to raise the child \n3. Do you have proper healthcare\n4. Do you have anyone to help you\n5. Do you like kids\n6. Why do you want kids", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Give me 3 ideas for hobbies that I can recommend to somebody who is retiring. These should all be activities that require gentle movement and are not overly demanding on the body.", "context": "", "response": "Retirement is an exciting opportunity for people to develop and cultivate their passions. Here are a few ideas you could recommend that are both gentle on the body but require some movement:\n- Gardening: while this is a seasonal pursuit, deciding on which seeds to plant, nursing them through a growing season, and learning the ins and outs of the hobby can become a lifelong passion for those with a \"green thumb\"\n- Walking and picking up trash: carry a bag and \"grabber\" pinchers to collect trash in your community while staying active on a walk. Rubber-tipped pinchers means you will not need to bend or stretch too far to reach, and you will be surprised how much of a difference this makes to your community members!\n- Fishing: most fishing can be done from the banks of a river or lake, and is a great way to experience the calming effects of a body of water while still being physically active. Whether fly fishing or reel fishing, many people who have entered retirement find this an engaging way to engage with nature either solo or as part of a community of fisher-people.", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "Name some reasons it's great to live in Marin County, California.", "context": "", "response": "Marin County is a great place to live for many reasons, including the beautiful scenery, the mild, pleasant weather, and the abundance of outdoor activities, while at the same time being close to San Francisco. Mountain biking on the fire trails in the hills of Marin, and climbing various hilltops is very enjoyable. There are fantastic views of the city of San Francisco, and of San Francisco Bay from many points in the county. Walking or biking the Tiburon Bike Path is also great fun. From Marin it's easy to take great day trips to nearby Napa and Sonoma counties, to enjoy their beautiful natural settings and to visit the wineries and nice restaurants.", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "Who was the first American to win a Nobel Peace?", "context": "", "response": "Theodore Roosevelt", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is the FA Cup?", "context": "", "response": "The Football Association Challenge Cup, more commonly known as the FA Cup, is an annual knockout football competition in men's domestic English football. First played during the 1871\u201372 season, it is the oldest national football competition in the world. It is organised by and named after The Football Association (The FA). Since 2015, it has been known as The Emirates FA Cup after its headline sponsor. A concurrent Women's FA Cup has been held since 1970.\n\nThe competition is open to all eligible clubs down to Level 9 of the English football league system with Level 10 clubs acting as stand-ins in the event of non-entries from above. Included in the competition are 20 professional clubs in the Premier League (level 1), 72 professional clubs in the English Football League (levels 2 to 4), and all clubs in steps 1\u20135 of the National League System (levels 5 to 9) as well as a tiny number of step 6 clubs acting as stand-ins for non-entries above. A record 763 clubs competed in 2011\u201312. The tournament consists of 12 randomly drawn rounds followed by the semi-finals and the final. Entrants are not seeded, although a system of byes based on league level ensures higher ranked teams enter in later rounds \u2013 the minimum number of games needed to win, depending on which round a team enters the competition, ranges from six to fourteen.\n\nThe first six rounds are the Qualifying Competition, from which 32 teams progress to the first round of the Competition Proper, meeting the first of the 48 professional teams from Leagues One and Two. The last entrants are the Premier League and Championship clubs, into the draw for the Third Round Proper. In the modern era, only one non-League team has ever reached the quarter-finals, and teams below Level 2 have never reached the final. As a result, significant focus is given to the smaller teams who progress furthest, especially if they achieve an unlikely \"giant-killing\" victory.\n\nWinners receive the FA Cup trophy, of which there have been two designs and five actual cups; the latest is a 2014 replica of the second design, introduced in 1911. Winners also qualify for the UEFA Europa League and a place in the upcoming FA Community Shield. Arsenal are the most successful club with fourteen titles and Ars\u00e8ne Wenger is the most successful manager in the history of the competition, having won seven finals as Arsenal's manager.\n\nLiverpool are the current holders, having beaten Chelsea 6\u20135 on penalties following a 0\u20130 draw in the 2022 final.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Are Schindler elevators safe", "context": "Schindler Holding Ltd. is a Swiss multinational company which manufactures escalators, moving walkways, and elevators worldwide, founded in Switzerland in 1874. Schindler produces, installs, maintains and modernizes lifts and escalators in many types of buildings including residential, commercial and high-rise buildings.\n\nThe company is present in over 140 countries and employs more than 66,000 people worldwide. The production facilities are located in Brazil, China, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, India and the United States. All operations and subsidiaries of Schindler Group are organised into Schindler Holding Ltd. (German: Schindler Holding AG, French: Schindler Holding S.A.), which is publicly traded on SIX Swiss Exchange.", "response": "Schindler Holding Ltd. is a Swiss multinational company which manufactures escalators, moving walkways, and elevators worldwide, founded in Switzerland in 1874. Schindler produces, installs, maintains and modernizes lifts and escalators in many types of buildings including residential, commercial and high-rise buildings.\n\nThe company is present in over 140 countries and employs more than 66,000 people worldwide. The production facilities are located in Brazil, China, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, India and the United States. All operations and subsidiaries of Schindler Group are organised into Schindler Holding Ltd., which is publicly traded on SIX Swiss Exchange.", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "What are the 4 oceans on earth", "context": "", "response": "Atlantic Ocean\nArctic Ocean\nPacific Ocean\nIndian Ocean", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Did Harry Potter put his own name in the goblet of fire?", "context": "", "response": "Harry did not put his own name in the goblet of fire. Barty Crouch Junior, using polyjuice potion to disguise himself as Alistair Moody, put Harry's name in the goblet of fire as part of his plan to deliver Harry into Lord Voldemort's hands.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Why does it help to focus on the breath when practicing mindfulness?", "context": "", "response": "The art of meditation, which is another name for the practice of mindfulness, is all about being in the present.  In other words, cultivating an awareness of what is happening in the present moment.  This is done by quietening the mind of all the random thoughts that are being continuously generated, and having the senses alerted to the signals that are being passed in the moment.  The signals are the sensations or emotions or sounds that one is feeling and hearing in the present moment.  To accomplish this, the breath serves as an anchor to the present moment.  Being aware of one's breath keeps us in the present moment.  When the mind eventually wanders, the breath is a signal to tune back into the present moment.  The breath is always with us and can be found in an instant.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "What's the best way to learn how to snowboard?", "context": "", "response": "There are many options available to learn how to snowboard. You can seek out professional lessons from an instructor, often available at your local ski resort.  You can also read articles online, or watch online videos from professional instructors.  Another option would be to get lessons from a friend who's snowboarded for a long time.  While this can be an easy and inexpensive option, it may not be as effective as learning from a professional.  Friends who snowboard may know how to snowboard well, but, they may not be great instructors.  Plus, it's often easy to get frustrated with people you know really well.  You can avoid those headaches by getting a professional lesson.  It will reduce your stress level and likely make you a better snowboarder in a shorter period of time.  Have fun on the slopes and stay safe!", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "What was Angie Thomas's first published novel?", "context": "", "response": "\"The Hate U Give\" which was released in 2017 and debuted at number one on The New York Times Best Seller list.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Based on this paragraph, how many younger siblings did Kennedy have?", "context": "Kennedy was born on February 22, 1932, at St. Margaret's Hospital in the Dorchester section of Boston, Massachusetts. He was the youngest of the nine children of Joseph Patrick Kennedy and Rose Fitzgerald, members of prominent Irish American families in Boston. They constituted one of the wealthiest families in the nation after their marriage. His eight siblings were Joseph Jr., John, Rosemary, Kathleen, Eunice, Patricia, Robert, and Jean. His older brother John asked to be the newborn's godfather, a request his parents honored, though they did not agree to his request to name the baby George Washington Kennedy (Ted was born on President George Washington's 200th birthday). They named the boy after their father's assistant.", "response": "Based on this paragraph, Kennedy had no younger siblings, as he was the youngest of nine children.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "What are some of the common elements of visual design?", "context": "Design elements are the basic units of any visual design which form its structure and convey visual messages. Painter and design theorist Maitland E. Graves (1902-1978), who attempted to gestate the fundamental principles of aesthetic order in visual design, in his book, The Art of Color and Design (1941), defined the elements of design as line, direction, shape, size, texture, value, and color, concluding that \"these elements are the materials from which all designs are built.\"", "response": "Line, shape, size, texture, color and direction are some of the common visual design elements.", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "What is the difference between a shrub and a tree?", "context": "", "response": "Some biologists maintain that there is no genetic difference between shrubs and trees - some species may have expressions in tree form and shrub form.  Other scientists believe that the physical form is essential and that shrubs are distinct from trees.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "As an expert skier, what are the top resorts in the US to go skiing?", "context": "", "response": "There are many ski resorts in the United States that offer challenging terrain for expert level skiers.  Som of the top resorts are: Big Sky, Jackson Hole, Pallisades, Crested Butte, Telluride, and Silverthorn", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Hulk, Spectre", "context": "", "response": "Spectre is DC, Hulk is Marvel", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Extract why Tim Lincecum was called \"The Freak\"", "context": "Timothy Leroy Lincecum (/\u02c8l\u026ans\u0259k\u028cm/ LIN-s\u0259-kum; born June 15, 1984), nicknamed \"The Freak\", \"The Franchise\", \"The Freaky Franchise\" and \"Big Time Timmy Jim\", is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Francisco Giants (2007 to 2015) and Los Angeles Angels (2016). A two-time Cy Young Award winner, Lincecum helped the Giants win three World Series championships from 2010 through 2014.", "response": "Nicknamed \"The Freak\" for his ability to generate powerful pitches despite his slight physique (5 feet 11 inches, 170 pounds), the power pitcher led the National League in strikeouts for three consecutive years in a span from 2008 to 2010. He also led the league in shutouts in 2009 and won the Babe Ruth Award in 2010 as the most valuable player of the MLB postseason. Lincecum won consecutive Cy Young Awards in 2008 and 2009, becoming the first MLB pitcher to win the award in his first two full seasons. He also appeared in four consecutive All-Star Games from 2008 through 2011 and pitched no-hitters in 2013 and 2014.", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "Which players won the men's singles grand slam tennis tournaments in 2022.", "context": "", "response": "The following players won the men's singles grand slam tennis tournaments in 2022:\n- Rafael Nadal won the Australian Open and the French Open\n- Novak Djokovic won Wimbledon\n- Carlos Alcaraz won the US Open", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Can you tell me something about Stanley J. Goldberg", "context": "Stanley J. Goldberg (born Maryland, 1939) is a special trial judge of the United States Tax Court.\n\nGoldberg attended public schools in Baltimore, MD. He earned a B.S. from the University of Maryland, School of Business and Public Administration in 1960 and an LL.B. from the University of Maryland School of Law in 1964. He did graduate work in Federal Income Taxation at New York University. Goldberg was admitted to practice in Maryland and New Jersey, 1964 and 1967, and Federal District Court. He began his career as a Tax Attorney in January 1965 with the United States Department of Treasury, Office of Chief Counsel, Internal Revenue Service, in New York City and was initially assigned to the General Litigation function. In 1967, he was reassigned to the Tax Litigation function. In 1976, he was promoted to Special Trial Attorney, and then to Assistant District Counsel in 1984. He was appointed a Special Trial Judge of the United States Tax Court on August 4, 1985.\n\nIn 1992, Goldberg commented on the trend of tax protester arguments being brought before the Tax Court and dismissed with penalties.", "response": "Stanley J. Goldberg (born Maryland, 1939) is a special trial judge of the United States Tax Court.\n\nGoldberg attended public schools in Baltimore, MD. He earned a B.S. from the University of Maryland, School of Business and Public Administration in 1960 and an LL.B. from the University of Maryland School of Law in 1964. He did graduate work in Federal Income Taxation at New York University. Goldberg was admitted to practice in Maryland and New Jersey, 1964 and 1967, and Federal District Court. \n\nHe began his career as a Tax Attorney in January 1965 with the United States Department of Treasury, Office of Chief Counsel, Internal Revenue Service, in New York City and was initially assigned to the General Litigation function. In 1967, he was reassigned to the Tax Litigation function. In 1976, he was promoted to Special Trial Attorney, and then to Assistant District Counsel in 1984. He was appointed a Special Trial Judge of the United States Tax Court on August 4, 1985.\n\nIn 1992, Goldberg commented on the trend of tax protester arguments being brought before the Tax Court and dismissed with penalties.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "Please summarize the causes and cure for color blindness given in the passage?", "context": "The most common cause of color blindness is an inherited problem or variation in the functionality of one or more of the three classes of cone cells in the retina, which mediate color vision. The most common form is caused by a genetic disorder called congenital red\u2013green color blindness. Males are more likely to be color blind than females, because the genes responsible for the most common forms of color blindness are on the X chromosome. Non-color-blind females can carry genes for color blindness and pass them on to their children. Color blindness can also result from physical or chemical damage to the eye, the optic nerve, or parts of the brain. Screening for color blindness is typically done with the Ishihara color test.\n\nThere is no cure for color blindness. Diagnosis may allow an individual, or their parents/teachers to actively accommodate the condition. Special lenses such as EnChroma glasses or X-chrom contact lenses may help people with red\u2013green color blindness at some color tasks, but they do not grant the wearer \"normal color vision\". Mobile apps can help people identify colors.", "response": "The most common cause of color blindness is genetic disorder. Males are more likely to be color blind than females, because the genes responsible for the same are present on the X chromosome. Females who are non-color blind could still carry and pass on genes for color blindness. Any kind of physical or chemical damage to the eye, optic nerve or brain could also lead to the same.\n\nThere is no cure for color blindness. Affected people can actively accommodate the condition or use special glasses or lenses that can help people with red-green color blindness to a certain extent. There are mobile apps available as well to help identify colors.", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "How can I improve my finances?", "context": "", "response": "Determine your short and long term financial goals. \nCreate a budget based on your total income, necessary, and discretionary expenses. \nPay down high interest debt first, such as credit card debt.\nPay off your credit cards in full each month. \nCreate an emergency fund that covers 3-6 months of expenses.\nMax out your 401K contributions every year.\nUse a high interest savings account instead of saving money with a traditional bank so you don't lose money due to inflation. \nCreate a diversified investment account.\nHire a financial planner to manage your assets. \nTurn a hobby into a second job and earn passive income. \nReduce temptations to overspend by setting up an automatic transfer from your paycheck into a savings account.", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "What is Zenthoefer Furs", "context": "Zenthoefer Furs were an amateur U.S. soccer club which played in St. Louis, Missouri during the late 1940s and early 1950s.\n\nThey had played as a junior squad named Schumachers in the 1947-48 season where they fell short of national honors when they lost in the final round of the National Junior Cup to Lighthouse Boys of Philadelphia. The Zenthoefers turned senior the next season. Under the guidance of manager George E. McGann they made their way to the 1949 National Amateur Cup final losing to SC Elizabeth by a 6-1 score. They also lost to the Chicago Polish-Americans 5-1 in the 1949 National Challenge Cup quarterfinals. In 1951, they won the St. Louis Major League by ten points over St. Louis Simpkins-Ford. In 1952, they entered the American Soccer League of St. Louis.", "response": "Zenthoefer Furs were an amateur U.S. soccer club which played in St. Louis, Missouri during the late 1940s and early 1950s.", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "What are the three branches of the US Federal Government?", "context": "", "response": "The US Constitution divides the federal government into three branches: legislative, executive and judicial.  This ensures that no individual or group will have too much power.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "When rock climbing, what is the difference between lead climbing and top rope climbing?", "context": "", "response": "The difference between lead climbing and top rope climbing has to do with the location of the rope when the climb is started. In lead climbing the rope begins at the bottom attached to the climber as well as the belayer. The climber must then bring the rope from the bottom of the route to the top by clipping into a series of quick draws that are generally placed 10-15 feet apart. If a person were to fall while lead climbing, they would be caught by the last quick draw they clipped into. When top rope climbing, the rope is already at the top of the route. This means the climber must tie into one side of the rope while their belayer must clip into the other side of the rope. As the climber ascends higher up the route the belayer must take out the slack of the rope as opposed to lead climbing where the belayer would be giving slack. When a person falls in top rope climbing they will only fall a short distance as the rope is already clipped in above them at the top of the route, so how far they fall will be determined by how much slack the belayer has not taken in.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Which is a species of fish? Mola mola or Molar", "context": "", "response": "Mola mola", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Imagine a world where life expectancy is fixed and the same for everyone at birth, yet people can engage in life expectancy \"donation\" \u2013\u00a0meaning that someone can extend your life three years longer at the expense of theirs. Talk about a likely scenario in this world that involves manipulated, coerced donation.", "context": "", "response": "Those with power and money could lure the underprivileged groups into \"donating\" their life expectancy in exchange for a better future. Assuming that illnesses are still not eradicated, another scenario involving coerced donation could be those in control of the medications force the patients to cut their life short in order to get treated.", "category": "creative_writing"}
{"instruction": "What makes a good sales account executive?", "context": "", "response": "A good Sales account executive will be able to multi-task, manage customer engagement activity for multiple teams, and expand relationships within a customer account by sharing the value proposition of the Company.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Which of the following are colors: red, black, yellow, orange, sun, sunflower, chips, book, white, pink, blue, keyboard.", "context": "", "response": "The colors are: red, black, yellow, orange, white, pink and blue.", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Think up some openings for beginners to the game of Chess", "context": "", "response": "Chess openings are the most important part of the game, there are some advanced ones, some common ones, and some easy ones. This is a list of openings for beginners to the game:\n- The King's Pawn Opening: This is a very common opening, you move your king's pawn 2 spaces forward, so does the opponent. This is followed by developing your knights. \n- The Fianchetto defense. You move your kingside knight's pawn forward 1 space, then you develop the kingside knight. You then put your kingside bishop in the square that the pawn used to be in, followed by castling. This opening is common among lower ranked players.\n- Four Knights Game: This doesn\u2019t happen too much. Both sides start by developing their knights, the pawns take it over from there.\n- The French Defense: You move your king's pawn 1 space forward, followed by developing all of your kingside pieces, and finishing by castling.", "category": "creative_writing"}
{"instruction": "Give me a list of popular current artists in the EDM category.", "context": "", "response": "Currently popular musicians in the EDM, or electronic dance music, genre of music include Illenium, 3LAU, Calvin Harris, Kaskade, and Dimitri Vegas.", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "Which sports would be easiest to find success in if you\u2019re not tall: baseball, soccer, basketball, bowling.", "context": "", "response": "Soccer and bowling would be the two easiest sports in this list to succeed in if you\u2019re not tall.", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "What is the appeal of Flathead Lake as a Summer vacation destination?", "context": "", "response": "Flathead Lake is the largest natural freshwater lake West of the Mississippi in lower 48 contiguous states, with over 200 square miles of water and 185 miles of coastline.   It is a beautiful lake, surrounded by the tall and impressive Mission Mountains on the east and the smaller Salish Mountains to the west.  It borders several Indian reservations on the Southern end of the lake.\n\nThe lake offers an abundance of Summer activities including: sailing, boating, swimming, and camping.  The lake offers excellent fishing and the fish species in the lake consist primarily of lake trout, pike, yellow perch and whitefish, with some rainbow trout, bass, and salmon. The lake trout can reach monstrous sizes, frequently exceeding twenty-pounds.\n\nOverall, Flathead Lake is one of the premiere recreational and fishing lakes in Montana. It is popular for both fishing and pleasure boating and  the sheer beauty of the lake makes it a memorable one regardless of which activity is pursued.", "category": "creative_writing"}
{"instruction": "What's the difference between tennis and pickleball?", "context": "", "response": "While they are similar sports, tennis and pickleball have various difference. First, the court size for pickleball is about half the size of a tennis court. Second, pickleball is played with a ball that resembles a whiffle ball. Third, pickleball is played with paddles as opposed to rackets. Finally, the scoring system is quite different as you play for points which can only be scored when you or your team are serving.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is Linux?", "context": "Linux (/\u02c8li\u02d0n\u028aks/ (listen) LEE-nuuks or /\u02c8l\u026an\u028aks/ LIN-uuks) is a family of open-source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991, by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged as a Linux distribution, which includes the kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word \"Linux\" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name \"GNU/Linux\" to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.", "response": "After AT&T had dropped out of the Multics project, the Unix operating system was conceived and implemented by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie (both of AT&T Bell Laboratories) in 1969 and first released in 1970. Later they rewrote it in a new programming language, C, to make it portable. The availability and portability of Unix caused it to be widely adopted, copied and modified by academic institutions and businesses.\n\nIn 1977, the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) was developed by the Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG) from UC Berkeley, based on the 6th edition of Unix from AT&T. Since BSD contained Unix code that AT&T owned, AT&T filed a lawsuit (USL v. BSDi) in the early 1990s against the University of California. This strongly limited the development and adoption of BSD.\n\nOnyx Systems began selling early microcomputer-based Unix workstations in 1980. Later, Sun Microsystems, founded as a spin-off of a student project at Stanford University, also began selling Unix-based desktop workstations in 1982. While Sun workstations didn't utilize commodity PC hardware like Linux was later developed for, it represented the first successful commercial attempt at distributing a primarily single-user microcomputer that ran a Unix operating system.\n\nIn 1983, Richard Stallman started the GNU project with the goal of creating a free UNIX-like operating system. As part of this work, he wrote the GNU General Public License (GPL). By the early 1990s, there was almost enough available software to create a full operating system. However, the GNU kernel, called Hurd, failed to attract enough development effort, leaving GNU incomplete.[citation needed]\n\nIn 1985, Intel released the 80386, the first x86 microprocessor with a 32-bit instruction set and a memory management unit with paging.\n\nIn 1986, Maurice J. Bach, of AT&T Bell Labs, published The Design of the UNIX Operating System. This definitive description principally covered the System V Release 2 kernel, with some new features from Release 3 and BSD.\n\nIn 1987, MINIX, a Unix-like system intended for academic use, was released by Andrew S. Tanenbaum to exemplify the principles conveyed in his textbook, Operating Systems: Design and Implementation. While source code for the system was available, modification and redistribution were restricted. In addition, MINIX's 16-bit design was not well adapted to the 32-bit features of the increasingly cheap and popular Intel 386 architecture for personal computers. In the early nineties a commercial UNIX operating system for Intel 386 PCs was too expensive for private users.\n\nThese factors and the lack of a widely adopted, free kernel provided the impetus for Torvalds' starting his project. He has stated that if either the GNU Hurd or 386BSD kernels had been available at the time, he likely would not have written his own.", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "Given a reference text about Jen Shah, what is she famous from, when was she criminally charged, what was the verdict, and when was she sentenced.", "context": "Shah starred on the reality television series The Real Housewives of Salt Lake City, which premiered in November 2020. In March 2021, she was criminally charged with conspiracy to commit money laundering and wire fraud, pleading not guilty to both charges days later. Her legal case was chronicled in the documentary film Housewife and the Shah Shocker, which premiered on Hulu in November that same year. In July 2022, Shah pleaded guilty to conspiracy to commit wire fraud. In January 2023, Shah was sentenced to six-and-a-half years in prison. Shah began her prison sentence the following month.", "response": "Jen Shah came into the spotlight in November 2020 when The Real Housewives of Salt Lake City aired. In March 2021 she was charged with conspiracy to commit money laundering as well as wire fraud. She pled not guilty, but then come July 2022 she plead guilty to commit wire fraud. January of 2023 she was sentenced to 6.5 years in prison and her sentence began in February.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "What are the classifications of Academic Degrees?", "context": "", "response": "An academic degree is a qualification awarded to students upon successful completion of a course of study in higher education, usually at a college or university. These institutions commonly offer degrees at various levels, usually including undergraduate degrees, master's, and doctorates, often alongside other academic certificates and professional degrees. The most common undergraduate degree is the bachelor's degree, although in some countries there are lower-level higher education qualifications that are also titled degrees (e.g. associate degrees and foundation degrees).", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "What types of problems in government could AI be used to solve", "context": "The potential uses of AI in government are wide and varied, with Deloitte considering that \"Cognitive technologies could eventually revolutionize every facet of government operations\". Mehr suggests that six types of government problems are appropriate for AI applications:\n- Resource allocation - such as where administrative support is required to complete tasks more quickly.\n- Large datasets - where these are too large for employees to work efficiently and multiple datasets could be combined to provide greater insights.\n- Experts shortage - including where basic questions could be answered and niche issues can be learned.\n- Predictable scenario - historical data makes the situation predictable.\n- Procedural - repetitive tasks where inputs or outputs have a binary answer.\n- Diverse data - where data takes a variety of forms (such as visual and linguistic) and needs to be summarised regularly.", "response": "The potential uses of AI in government are wide and varied but some appropriate areas to consider AI applications include: Resource allocation; Large datasets; Repetitive tasks; Answering basic questions; Summarising data from multiple forms; Predicting future scenarios based on historical data.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "Why isn't multi-threading making my Python code faster? How can I fix it.", "context": "", "response": "Python restricts access to the interpreter with a Global Interpreter Lock, referred to as the GIL, for internal thread-safety requirements. Unfortunately, this design decision restricts only allows one thread to interpret Python code at a time, even on a machine with the capability to run multiple threads together. \n\nIf you wish to run Python code on a set of data, and the data can be broken up into independent segments (a process known as data partitioning), you may wish to look into the multiprocessing library in Python. \n\nAs an example, consider the function foo which takes one argument, arg1, and say you wanted to run the foo function on a number of values, say, val1, val2, and val3.\n\ndef foo(arg1):\n  # do something\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n  foo(val1)\n  foo(val2)\n  foo(val3)\n\nTo have foo execute on multiple processes together, you could use the multiprocessing Pool  to run multiple worker processes together:\n\nfrom multiprocessing import Pool\n\ndef foo(arg1):\n  # do something\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n  p = Pool()\n  p.map(foo, [val1, val2, val3])\n\nThe multiprocessing library also provides various other APIs for parallel programming. Would you like to know more?", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Who is the best NBA player of all time?", "context": "", "response": "This can be discussed but it is often admitted that Michael Jordan is the best NBA player of all time.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Classify each as either a vodka drink or a gin drink: Screwdriver, Bloody Mary, French 75, White Russian, Gimlet, Cosmopolitan, Tom Collins, Negroni", "context": "", "response": "Screwdrivers, Bloody Mary's, White Russians, and Cosmopolitans are traditionally vodka cocktails, whereas French 75's, Gimlets, Tom Collins', and Negronis are traditionally gin cocktails.", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "How can I get better performance when querying a delta table?", "context": "", "response": "To get better performance when querying a delta table, there are many things you can do.  \n\nFirst, ensure you are using the Photon engine.  The Photon engine is designed to handle high-concurrency and low-latency queries.  If you are using DBSQL, Photon is included free of charge and is turned on by default.\n\nSecond, you can use different indexing techniques when writing a Delta table for better read performance.  Z-ordering and bloom filters are two effective techniques when used correctly.\n\nThird, ensure your SQL Warehouse or compute resource is appropriately sized.  If you are trying to query a very large dataset from a very small warehouse, you will likely get slow query results.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Which coin of U.S currency has the most ridges.", "context": "", "response": "The U.S. half dollar is the winner with 150 ridges.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Who was the first woman to have four country albums reach No. 1 on the Billboard 200?", "context": "", "response": "Carrie Underwood.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "From the passage provided, extract the state Lincoln was born in", "context": "Abraham Lincoln (/\u02c8l\u026a\u014bk\u0259n/ LINK-\u0259n; February 12, 1809 \u2013 April 15, 1865) was an American lawyer, politician and statesman who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in 1865. Lincoln led the Union through the American Civil War to defend the nation as a constitutional union and succeeded in abolishing slavery, bolstering the federal government, and modernizing the U.S. economy.\n\nLincoln was born into poverty in a log cabin in Kentucky and was raised on the frontier, primarily in Indiana. He was self-educated and became a lawyer, Whig Party leader, Illinois state legislator, and U.S. Congressman from Illinois. In 1849, he returned to his successful law practice in central Illinois. In 1854, he was angered by the Kansas\u2013Nebraska Act, which opened the territories to slavery, and he re-entered politics. He soon became a leader of the new Republican Party. He reached a national audience in the 1858 Senate campaign debates against Stephen A. Douglas. Lincoln ran for president in 1860, sweeping the North to gain victory. Pro-slavery elements in the South viewed his election as a threat to slavery, and Southern states began seceding from the nation. During this time, the newly formed Confederate States of America began seizing federal military bases in the south. Just over one month after Lincoln assumed the presidency, the Confederate States attacked Fort Sumter, a U.S. fort in South Carolina. Following the bombardment, Lincoln mobilized forces to suppress the rebellion and restore the union.", "response": "Lincoln was born in the state of Kentucky", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "What is FIFA?", "context": "The recognised international governing body of football (and associated games, such as futsal and beach soccer) is FIFA. The FIFA headquarters are located in Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland. Six regional confederations are associated with FIFA; these are:\n\nAsia: Asian Football Confederation (AFC)\nAfrica: Confederation of African Football (CAF)\nEurope: Union of European Football Associations (UEFA)\nNorth/Central America & Caribbean: Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football (CONCACAF)\nOceania: Oceania Football Confederation (OFC)\nSouth America: Confederaci\u00f3n Sudamericana de F\u00fatbol (South American Football Confederation; CONMEBOL)\nNational associations (or national federations) oversee football within individual countries. These are generally synonymous with sovereign states (for example, the Cameroonian Football Federation in Cameroon), but also include a smaller number of associations responsible for sub-national entities or autonomous regions (for example, the Scottish Football Association in Scotland). 211 national associations are affiliated both with FIFA and with their respective continental confederations.\n\nWhile FIFA is responsible for arranging competitions and most rules related to international competition, the actual Laws of the Game are set by the IFAB, where each of the UK Associations has one vote, while FIFA collectively has four votes.", "response": "FIFA stands for F\u00e9d\u00e9ration internationale de football association. It is the main international governing body for the sport of soccer (called football internationally outside the US)", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "why is Mahatma Gandhi loved by everyone?", "context": "", "response": "Mahatma Gandhi preached non-cooperation using non-violent methods as a way to win against the oppressive rulers without resorting to guns.  This is difficult to do and requires public's cooperation.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is Game of Thrones based on?", "context": "", "response": "Game of Thrones is based on the books written by George R. R. Martin called a Song of Ice and Fire.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What are the benefits of collaborating on a tech blog with your customers?", "context": "", "response": "It will improve visibility of the product. It will help with your customers' career. It will benefit other customers with related use cases.", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "Given this paragraph, how many public high schools are in Arlington, Virginia?", "context": "Arlington Public Schools operates the county's public K-12 education system of 22 elementary schools; 6 middle schools (Dorothy Hamm Middle School, Gunston Middle School, Kenmore Middle School, Swanson Middle School, Thomas Jefferson Middle School, and Williamsburg Middle School); and 3 public high schools (Wakefield High School, Washington-Liberty High School, and Yorktown High School). H-B Woodlawn and Arlington Tech are alternative public schools. Arlington County spends about half of its local revenues on education. For the FY2013 budget, 83 percent of funding was from local revenues, and 12 percent from the state. Per pupil expenditures are expected to average $18,700, well above its neighbors, Fairfax County ($13,600) and Montgomery County ($14,900).", "response": "There are 3 public high schools in Arlington, Va.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "What are all of the professional baseball teams in the state of Florida?", "context": "", "response": "The professional baseball teams in the state of Florida are the Tampa Bay Rays and Miami Marlins.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Given the reference text about the Cy Young Award, please describe what the award is and why it is awarded.", "context": "The Cy Young Award is given annually to the best pitchers in Major League Baseball (MLB), one each for the American League (AL) and National League (NL). The award was first introduced in 1956 by Baseball Commissioner Ford Frick in honor of Hall of Fame pitcher Cy Young, who died in 1955. The award was originally given to the single best pitcher in the major leagues, but in 1967, after the retirement of Frick, the award was given to one pitcher in each league.", "response": "The Cy Young Award is given to the best pitches in the American and National leagues of Major League Baseball, for their achievements that exceed those of their peers.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "Extract what is Top Gun", "context": "The United States Navy Strike Fighter Tactics Instructor program (SFTI program), more popularly known as Top Gun (stylized as TOPGUN), is an American military program that teaches fighter and strike tactics and techniques to selected naval aviators and naval flight officers, who return to their operating units as surrogate instructors.", "response": "The United States Navy Fighter Weapons School was established on 3 March 1969, at Naval Air Station Miramar, California. \n\nThe unit's purpose was to train fighter air crews  in all aspects of fighter weapons systems and the art of aerial combat.  It serves to build a nucleus of eminently knowledgeable fighter crews to construct, guide, and enhance weapons training cycles and subsequent aircrew performance. This select group acts as the F-4 community\u2019s most operationally orientated weapons specialists. Top Gun's efforts are dedicated to the Navy\u2019s professional fighter crews, past, present and future.", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "Where to find the best croissant in San Francisco?", "context": "", "response": "This is hard to say as the answer heavily depends on your preference. Arsicault is generally a very popular bakery for croissants. The croissants here are very flaky and very buttery. If that is right up your alley, definitely give them a visit! Other than Arsicault, there are many bakeries in SF that offers croissant with a creative twist. A couple examples are Hahdough for pretzel croissants and Arizmendi for sourdough croissants. Personally, I prefer my croissants to be not too buttery but moist in the middle and crunchy on the outside. My personal favorite is Schubert's Bakery in Inner Richmond. The price point and taste well align with what I am looking for!", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Do cats have nine lives?", "context": "", "response": "No", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is Microsoft?", "context": "Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational technology corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington. Microsoft's best-known software products are the Windows line of operating systems, the Microsoft Office suite, and the Internet Explorer and Edge web browsers. Its flagship hardware products are the Xbox video game consoles and the Microsoft Surface lineup of touchscreen personal computers. Microsoft ranked No. 14 in the 2022 Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue; it was the world's largest software maker by revenue as of 2022. It is considered as one of the Big Five American information technology companies, alongside Alphabet (parent company of Google), Amazon, Apple, and Meta (formerly Facebook).", "response": "Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational technology corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington. Microsoft's best-known software products are the Windows line of operating systems, the Microsoft Office suite, and the Internet Explorer and Edge web browsers.", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "How do you make soap?", "context": "", "response": "Soap is made with a mixture of natural or organic oils, sodium hydroxide and distilled water.  When making soap you need to mix a combination of light and heavy oils like olive and coconut oil and then mix it with sodium hydroxide and distilled water.  After this mixture has been mixed well you poor it into soap molds and let it hard over the course of many weeks.  This process called saponification is the time it takes for the sodium hydroxide to evaporate from the mixture which causes the soap to harden in he soap molds.  Other options you have when making soap are to add essential oils, like lavender and grapefruit to give a nice scent to the soap.  This has to be added prior to saponification.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "How would I get from an upstairs apartment to the parking garage?", "context": "", "response": "If I needed to get from an upstairs apartment to the parking garage, I first would need to know where the parking garage is located.  Most parking garages at apartment complexes are located underground; however, some are above-ground.  Once I've determined where the parking garage is, I would exit my apartment by opening the door, stepping out into the hallway, and then locking the door, and then walk down the hallway in the direction of the elevator or stairs.  I would take the elevator or stairs to the appropriate floor and then exit into the parking garage.  I'm probably in the parking garage because I'm going to my car, so the next step would be to locate my car.  One trick for locating a car in a parking garage is to click the alarm or door lock button on your car's remote to make a sound.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "What are three most commonly sung lyric soprano arias?", "context": "", "response": "Three most commonly sung lyric soprano arias?\n- \"Quando m'en vo\" from La Boheme by Puccini\n- \"O mio babbino caro\" from Gianni Schicchi by Puccini\n- \"Deh! vieni non tardar\" from Le Nozze di Figaro by Mozart", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "Cases of Anthrax were found in Kerala in which animals?", "context": "", "response": "Wild Boars", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Categorize the following Taylor Swift songs based on what album they are in: The Archer, tolerate it, Lover, Love Story (Taylor's Version), Bejeweled, Don't Blame Me, 22 (Taylor's version), Look What You Made Me Do, Lavender Haze, willow, Cruel Summer", "context": "", "response": "The following songs are in Taylor Swift's album Lover: The Archer, Lover, Cruel Summer.\nThe following song is in the album Fearless (Taylor's Version): Love Story (Taylor's Version)\nThe following songs are in the album evermore: tolerate it, willow\nThe following songs are in the album Reputation: Don't Blame Me, Look What You Made Me Do\nThe following song is in the album Red (Taylor's Version): 22 (Taylor's version) \nThe following songs are in the album Midnights: Bejeweled, Lavender Haze", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "I'm creating a class to explain to kids the difference between items that are powered and can be plugged in and items that aren't. Please divide the following things into those you can plug in and those that you can't: table, hairdryer, television, chair, computer, fridge, comb, flowers.", "context": "", "response": "A hairdryer, television, computer and fridge are all examples of things that can be plugged in and powered by electricity. A common table, chair, comb and flower are examples of items that do not require electricity and cannot be plugged in.", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Can you describe what team effectiveness is?", "context": "Team effectiveness (also referred to as group effectiveness) is the capacity a team has to accomplish the goals or objectives administered by an authorized personnel or the organization. A team is a collection of individuals who are interdependent in their tasks, share responsibility for outcomes, and view themselves as a unit embedded in an institutional or organizational system which operates within the established boundaries of that system. Teams and groups have established a synonymous relationship within the confines of processes and research relating to their effectiveness (i.e. group cohesiveness, teamwork) while still maintaining their independence as two separate units, as groups and their members are independent of each other's role, skill, knowledge or purpose versus teams and their members, who are interdependent upon each other's role, skill, knowledge and purpose.", "response": "Team effectiveness is the capacity a team has to achieve the goals set for that team. Teams are considered more or less effective based on their ability to achieve their goals and objectives. Teams are comprised of individuals who are interdependent in their tasks, share responsibility for outcomes, and view themselves as a unit embedded in an institutional or organizational system which operates within the boundaries of that system.", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "From the passage below, extract the names of the companies and technologies that Walmart has acquired over the last 3 years.", "context": "In the first quarter of 2020, consumers responded to COVID by shopping less frequently (5.6% fewer transactions), and buying more when they did shop (16.5%). As people shifted from eating out to eating at home, net sales at Walmart increased by 10.5%, while online sales rose by 74%. Although Walmart experienced a 5.5% increase in operating expenses, its net income increased by 3.9%. In the third quarter of 2020, ending October 31, Walmart reported revenue of $134.7 billion, representing a year-on-year increase of 5.2 percent.\n\nIn December 2020, Walmart launched a new service, Carrier Pickup, that allows the customers to schedule a return for a product bought online, in-store, or from a third-party vendor. These services can be initiated on the Walmart App or on the website.\n\nIn January 2021, Walmart announced that the company is launching a fintech startup, with venture partner Ribbit Capital, to provide financial products for consumers and employees.\n\nIn February 2021, Walmart acquired technology from Thunder Industries, which uses automation to create digital ads, to expand its online marketing capabilities.\n\nIn August 2021, Walmart announced it would open its Spark crowdsource delivery to other businesses as a white-label service, competing with Postmates and online food ordering delivery companies.\n\nIn December 2021, Walmart announced it will participate in the Stephens Investment Conference Wednesday, and the Morgan Stanley Virtual Global Consumer & Retail Conference. In June 2022, Walmart announced it would be acquiring Memomi, an AR optical tech company.\n\nIn August 2022, Walmart announced it would be acquiring Volt Systems, a vendor management and product tracking software company. Walmart announced it was partnering with Paramount to offer Paramount+ content to its Walmart+ subscribers in a bid to better compete with Amazon.\n\nWalmart announced in August 2022 that locations were not going back to 24 hours with most stores now being open between 6am and 11pm.\n\nIn January 2023, Walmart announced it would raise its minimum wage for U.S. hourly workers from $12 to $14 an hour. Approximately 340,000 employees are expected to receive a raise, effective in early March 2023, and Walmart's U.S. average wage is expected to be over $17.50. The company also announced it would be adding additional college degrees and certificates to its Live Better U program.", "response": "Walmart acquired Volt Systems in August 2022. Volt Systems focuses on vendor management and product tracking. They also acquired technology from Thunder Industries in February 2021 to create digital advertisements.", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "Tell whether these are countries, cities, continents or neither: Australia, Mexico, Mexico city, Antartica, Singapore, India, Gulf, Beijing, Jakarta, Luxembourg, Vatican City", "context": "", "response": "Australia is a country as well as a continent.\nMexico is a country.\nMexico City is a city.\nAntarctica is a continent.\nSingapore is a country as well as a city.\nIndia is a country.\nGulf is neither.\nBeijing is a city.\nJakarta is a city.\nLuxembourg is a country as well as a city.\nVatican City is a country as well as a city.", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Why do people like gardening?", "context": "", "response": "People like to garden to grow their own food, flowers, and medicine, as well as experience the outdoors and natural ecosystems around us.  Some also like to garden to improve the aesthetics and monetary value of their property.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "I am on a week long vacation to India and specifically want to explore Himalayan state of Himachal Pradesh. How should I plan my trip ?", "context": "", "response": "Firstly , fly to Delhi or Chandigarh. These cities are well connected via flights from across the world.  Next , take an overnight bus to Manali.  There are ample buses available connecting Manali from any cities.  Spend 4 days of your time  enjoying local cuisine and sight seeing.   Do carry wollens  as temperature drops sub zero during the night. Next , head towards Shimla and spend 2 days here for local sightseeing enjoying marvels of British architectures and old mall road.  Wrap up your trip travelling back to Delhi or Chandigarh. Spend time doing some local shopping before you fly back home.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "From the passage provided, extract the second studio album that Taylor Swift released.", "context": "Swift signed a record deal with Big Machine Records in 2005 and released her eponymous debut album the following year. With 157 weeks on the Billboard 200 by December 2009, the album was the longest-charting album of the 2000s decade. Swift's second studio album, Fearless (2008), topped the Billboard 200 for 11 weeks and was the only album from the 2000s decade to spend one year in the top 10. The album was certified Diamond by the RIAA. It also topped charts in Australia and Canada, and has sold 12 million copies worldwide. Her third studio album, the self-written Speak Now (2010), spent six weeks atop the Billboard 200 and topped charts in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand.", "response": "Fearless", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "Is there a World Taekwondo Grand Prix", "context": "", "response": "The World Taekwondo Grand Prix is a taekwondo competition introduced by the World Taekwondo Federation in 2013 to provide a homogeneous system for qualification to the Olympic taekwondo tournament. It consists of four competitions per year in each Olympic weight category event. Olympic events occur at approximately half the weight classes as WTF-organised tournaments.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Based on the provided text, place the following books in chronological order: \nThe Fox in the Attic, In Hazard: A Sea Story, A High Wind in Jamaica, and The Wooden Shepherdess", "context": "\"The Fox in the Attic\" was originally published in 1961 by Chatto & Windus: London as v. 1 of The Human Predicament trilogy, and then in the United States by Harper & Brothers: New York. This was 23 years after Hughes's previous novel, In Hazard: A Sea Story, and 33 years after A High Wind in Jamaica, which was a best seller in the United Kingdom and America.It was published the following year in Sweden (Stockholm: Norstedt) as R\u00e4ven p\u00e5 vinden.\n\nThe second novel in The Human Predicament trilogy, The Wooden Shepherdess, was published in 1973 by Chatto & Windus: London; it carries on the story to 1934 and the Night of the Long Knives. The third and final novel was left unfinished, but the completed twelve chapters were included in the 2000 New York Review of Books edition of The Wooden Shepherdess.", "response": "The order of the books are as follows:\n1) A High Wind in Jamaica\n2) In Hazard: A Sea Story\n3) The Fox in the Attic\n4) The Wooden Shepherdess", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is the best way to invest my money?", "context": "", "response": "There is no one way to best invest your money, it is based on multiple factors that determines how you should allocate in different asset types. Here are some factors that influence your investment allocation.\n\n- Time horizon: This is the amount of time you intend to have your money invested. This is important as different asset classes are impacted more or less by short term market conditions. Based on how long you wish to be exposed to the market choosing an asset type that aligns with your time horizon is very important in your investment strategy.\n\n- Risk Profile:  Indicates how confortable you are with the impact fluctuating market conditions have in your investments. Higher risk assets offer the biggest returns but they also have a higher chance of going down or loosing your investment completely. Understanding your risk profile is the first step in investing your money well. There are different investments assets that fit into different risk levels, a combination of these will offer a balanced way of investing your money. \n\n- Active/Passive investor: Depending on how much you want to be involved in the asset selection and allocation you would be considered an active investor or passive investor. Active investors are investors that spend extensive amount of time analysing the market and choosing assets for their portfolio. These investors may invest directly into stocks or stock options. Passive investors are investors that want to be exposed to the market but don't want to spend extensive amount of time selecting their assets, these investors leverage ETFs or mutual funds, that bundle different asset classes in one asset, to be exposed to their desired market without the need of choosing their underlying assets.. \n\nTheir is no right or wrong way of investing your money, it is important to understand what type of investor you are and choose what works best for you.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Do George Lucas and Steven Spielberg know each other?", "context": "", "response": "Yes, George Lucas and Steven Spielberg are long-time friends, dating back to their first meeting in 1967. They have collaborated and supported each other on a number of films and celebrated each others success in the field of filmmaking.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Give me a list of the best bravo tv shows", "context": "", "response": "Real housewives of Beverly Hills, vanderpump rules, southern charm, real housewives of Orange County, real housewives of New York, summer house, winter house", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "What are the official languages of the United Nations?", "context": "The official languages of the United Nations are the six languages that are used in UN meetings and in which all official UN documents are written. In the six languages, four are the official language or national language of permanent members in the Security Council, while the remaining two are used due to the large number of their speakers. In alphabetical order of the Latin alphabet, they are:\n\nArabic (Modern Standard Arabic) \u2013 official or national language of several countries in the Middle East and North Africa, and used in the Arab world.\nChinese (Mandarin Chinese in simplified Chinese characters) \u2013 official language of the People's Republic of China.\nEnglish \u2013 majority and de facto official language of the United Kingdom, the United States and Australia, and majority (de jure) official language of Canada and New Zealand. It is also the most popular language, the most popular lingua franca, and a majority and/or official language in several other countries and territories.\nFrench \u2013 official language of France. It is also official in Belgium, Switzerland, Canada, and several countries in Africa.\nRussian \u2013 official language of the Russian Federation. It is also used in several post-Soviet states.\nSpanish \u2013 official or national language in 18 countries and one territory in the Americas (mostly Latin America or Hispanic America), Spain, and Equatorial Guinea.", "response": "Arabic, Mandarin Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "What type of weather is San Francisco famous for?", "context": "", "response": "San Francisco is a famously foggy city", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What makes for a good photograph?", "context": "", "response": "There are three key elements to a good picture - light, subject and composition. Great photographs are in focus, sharp, have good exposure (light) and composition.  In order to take the perfect photograph you must be at the correct focal length, set the appropriate aperture for the subject(s) in your frame, make sure the shutter speed is set for the action you are capturing (higher shutter speed for sports, lower shutter speed for portraits) and make sure the ISO is correctly set to work with both the shutter speed and aperture.  Understanding how the ISO, Aperture and shutter speed work together is key to taking the perfect picture.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "What's the game engine used by Bethesda before Creation Engine? And what's the last game make with it?", "context": "After using the Gamebryo engine to create The Elder Scrolls III: Morrowind, The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion, and Fallout 3, Bethesda decided that Gamebryo's capabilities were becoming too outdated and began work on the Creation Engine for their next game, The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim, by forking the codebase used for Fallout 3.\n\nFollowing the completion of Skyrim, Bethesda set out to enhance the graphical core of the Creation Engine by first adding a physically based deferred renderer to allow for more dynamic lighting and to paint materials object surfaces with realistic materials. Bethesda worked with technology company Nvidia to implement volumetric lighting through a technique that makes use of hardware tesselation. Additionally the updated version of the Creation Engine powering Bethesda's Fallout 4 offers more advanced character generation.", "response": "Gamebryo was the engine used by Bethesda before Creation Engine. It is developed by Gamebase Cot., Ltd and Gamebase USA. Gamebryo is used by numerous companies within the gaming industry.\n\nBethesda decided that Gamebryo's capabilities were becoming too outdated and began work on the Creation Engine for their next game, The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim, by forking the codebase used for Fallout 3.\n\nThe last game from Bethesda made with Gamebryo engine is Fallout 3 (2008).", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "From the passage provided, extract the languages in which Kishore Kumar provided his vocals as a playback singer. Separate them with a comma.", "context": "Kishore Kumar (born Abhas Kumar Ganguly; pronunciation (help\u00b7info); 4 August 1929 \u2013 13 October 1987) was an Indian playback singer and actor. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest, most influential and dynamic singers in the history of Indian music. He was one of the most popular singers in the Indian subcontinent, notable for his yodeling and ability to sing songs in different voices. He used to sing in different genres but some of his rare compositions, considered classics, were lost in time. According to his brother and legendary actor Ashok Kumar, Kishore Kumar was successful as a singer because his \"voice hits the mike, straight, at its most sensitive point\".\n\nBesides Hindi, he sang in many other Indian languages, including Bengali, Marathi, Assamese, Gujarati, Kannada, Bhojpuri, Malayalam, Odia and Urdu. He also released a few non-film albums in multiple languages, especially in Bengali, which are noted as all-time classics.\n\nHe won 8 Filmfare Awards for Best Male Playback Singer and holds the record for winning the most Filmfare Awards in that category. He was awarded the Lata Mangeshkar Award by the Madhya Pradesh government in 1985.", "response": "Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, Assamese, Gujarati, Kannada, Bhojpuri, Malayalam, Odia, Urdu", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "What are some movies that star Will Ferrell?", "context": "", "response": "Some of the most popular movies starring Will Ferrell include Old School, Stepbrothers, Elf, Anchorman, Stranger than Fiction, Blades of Glory, Zoolander, and Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is the plot of Harry Potter?", "context": "", "response": "The books concern a wizard called Harry Potter and his journey through Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. The stories tell of him overcoming dangerous obstacles to defeat the Dark Wizard Lord Voldemort, who killed his parents when Harry was 15 months old.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is the old name for The Go Between Bridge?", "context": "The Go Between Bridge, formerly known as the Hale Street Link, is a toll bridge for vehicles, pedestrians and cyclists over the Brisbane River in inner-city Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The bridge connects Merivale and Cordelia Streets in West End to Hale Street and the Inner City Bypass at Milton. It is Brisbane's first inner-city traffic bridge in 40 years and carries around 12,000 vehicles per day. The bridge opened to traffic on 5 July 2010 and is now operated by Transurban Queensland.", "response": "Hale Street Link", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "Can I make chocolate at home?", "context": "", "response": "Making chocolate at home can be rewarding, but be prepared to spend a little money and a lot of time. The money goes to equipment and cocoa beans. For equipment, you will need a melanger (about $600)  to grind the beans and a tempering machine (about $400) to make the finished product. You will also need a silicone mat (about $20) and a hair dryer (about $30). But let's start at the beginning.\n\nBuy between two and six pounds of fermented raw cocoa beans. There are a variety of retail importers you can find on the web. Choose a single variety or a blend that appeals to your taste in chocolate.\n\nSort the beans, removing broken beans, badly misshapen beans, and whatever foreign bodies may be present.\n\nRoast the beans, two pounds at a time, at 350F for between 20 and 30 minutes, depending on your experience with the beans or by how they smell. They will smell like fresh brownies. Don't scorch them!\n\nLet the beans cool.\n\nPeel the beans. You can do this by hand - which I find produces a superior product - but be warned that this can take up to 6 hours per pound. Alternatively, you can purchase a winnower and use the hair dryer to blow out the skins. This approach is much faster, but leaves more skin and loses more bean fragments. Either way, weigh your final bean yield.\n\nGet you melanger going. Use the hair dryer to get the grinding surfaces up to at least 120F. Add the beans a handful at a time. Help the melanger along if it gets stuck. Make sure the melanger is going steadily before leaving it unattended. When it gets going, it will flow well.\n\nRun the melanger for 24 to 72 hours, again depending on your experience with the beans and your tastes. If trying a mix of beans, add the more robustly flavored beans early in the process and the more delicately flavored beans later. Give even the most delicate beans at least 8 hours. Add sugar to taste. The percentage of sugar by weight can vary from a few percent up to 30 percent. You may also add dried whole fat milk at this point, and other flavorings, like an inch or so of vanilla bean. Melange the sugar and other additives at least 8 more hours. The goal is to decrease the particle size below what can be detected by the  tongue. When done, decant into a silicone mat line baking pan. This is your untempered chocolate. it melts easily and tends to get crumbly as it ages. Which is why you will want to temper it.\n\nFinally, follow the directions on your tempering machine, adding chunks of untempered chocolate as indicated. The liquid tempered chocolate can be used for fruit dipping or can be poured into molds for bars or shaped candies. Other additives can be included at this stage - nuts, nougat etc. Cool the results at room temperature for several hours before serving. Enjoy the results of your labor.", "category": "creative_writing"}
{"instruction": "How did Alfred Nobel make his money", "context": "", "response": "He invented Dynamite", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is the Trans Tahoe Relay?", "context": "", "response": "Each year there is a race held to swim across Lake Tahoe. The race was created and is still sponsored by The Olympic Club of San Francisco. Teams are created and entered from across the globe but primarily North America. The format of the race is a six person relay; all male, all female. or half male/female. Starting on the Nevada side of the lake each member of the team swims for 30 minutes following the team's boat. After each of the swimmers has completed the 30 minute rotation the swimmers then rotate again every 10 minutes. This is done is sequence until the team reach the other side of the lake in California. The swimmers need to touch one-another when rotating between swimmers and there are no wetsuits or fins allowed.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "When was the 8088 processor released?", "context": "The 8086 (also called iAPX 86) is a 16-bit microprocessor chip designed by Intel between early 1976 and June 8, 1978, when it was released. The Intel 8088, released July 1, 1979, is a slightly modified chip with an external 8-bit data bus (allowing the use of cheaper and fewer supporting ICs),[note 1] and is notable as the processor used in the original IBM PC design.", "response": "The Intel 8088 processor was released July 1, 1979.", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "How do you prepare for case study interview for digital transformation case?", "context": "", "response": "Here is one suggested approach. 1. Gather all requirements related to business problem 2. Understand data sources the business is using. 3. Understand if business would like to build or buy solutions 4. Check for industry specific accelerators 5. Start with one business unit and show the impact of digital transformation and then expand to other business units. 6. Do business value assessment like ROI 7. Focus on tangible and intangible benefits of digital transformation 8. Cost benefit analysis 9. Implementation plan and timelines 10. Production plan  11. Maintenance and support", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Wheelharp, Clarinet", "context": "", "response": "Wheelharp is string, Clarinet is woodwind.", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Which country makes the best coffee in the world?", "context": "", "response": "The answer is relative but Australia would make the best flat white while Italy would have the best expresso coffee.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Based on the reference text about Bitcoin, how many countries have banned Bitcoin?", "context": "Bitcoin (abbreviation: BTC or XBT; sign: \u20bf) is a protocol which implements a highly available, public, permanent, and decentralized ledger. In order to add to the ledger, a user must prove they control an entry in the ledger. The protocol specifies that the entry indicates an amount of a token, bitcoin with a minuscule b. The user can update the ledger, assigning some of their bitcoin to another entry in the ledger. Because the token has characteristics of money, it can be thought of as a digital currency.\n\nBitcoin transactions are verified by network nodes through cryptography and recorded in a public distributed ledger called a blockchain. The cryptocurrency was invented in 2008 by an unknown person or group of people using the name Satoshi Nakamoto. The currency began use in 2009, when its implementation was released as open-source software.:\u200ach. 1\u200a The word \"bitcoin\" was defined in a white paper published on October 31, 2008. It is a compound of the words bit and coin.\n\nThe Library of Congress reports that, as of November 2021, nine countries have fully banned bitcoin use, while a further forty-two have implicitly banned it. A few governments have used bitcoin in some capacity. El Salvador has adopted Bitcoin as legal tender, although use by merchants remains low. Ukraine has accepted cryptocurrency donations to fund the resistance to the 2022 Russian invasion. Iran has used bitcoin to bypass sanctions.", "response": "As of November 2021, 42 countries have implicitly banned and 9 countries have fully banned the use of Bitcoin.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "What was the Underground Railroad?", "context": "The Underground Railroad was a network of clandestine routes and safe houses established in the United States during the early- to the mid-19th century. It was used by enslaved African Americans primarily to escape into free states and Canada. The network was assisted by abolitionists and others sympathetic to the cause of the escapees. The enslaved persons who risked escape and those who aided them are also collectively referred to as the \"Underground Railroad\". Various other routes led to Mexico, where slavery had been abolished, and to islands in the Caribbean that were not part of the slave trade. An earlier escape route running south toward Florida, then a Spanish possession (except 1763\u20131783), existed from the late 17th century until approximately 1790. However, the network now generally known as the Underground Railroad began in the late 18th century. It ran north and grew steadily until the Emancipation Proclamation was signed by President Abraham Lincoln. One estimate suggests that by 1850, approximately 100,000 enslaved people had escaped to freedom via the network", "response": "The Underground Railroad was a secret network of routes and safe houses in the United States established in the early 19th century that led to free states, Canada, Mexico and other overseas areas. Black slaves used the Underground Railroad to escape from slavery. It is estimated that by 1850, about 100,000 slaves had escaped to freedom by the \"Railroad\".", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "Given this paragraph on LeBron James' early career, when did he win his first NBA MVP?", "context": "James grew up playing basketball for St. Vincent\u2013St. Mary High School in his hometown of Akron, Ohio. He was heavily touted by the national media as a future NBA superstar. A prep-to-pro, he was selected by the Cleveland Cavaliers with the first overall pick of the 2003 NBA draft. Named the 2004 NBA Rookie of the Year, he soon established himself as one of the league's premier players, leading the Cavaliers to their first NBA Finals appearance in 2007 and winning the NBA MVP award in 2009 and 2010. After failing to win a championship with Cleveland, James left in 2010 as a free agent to join the Miami Heat; this was announced in a nationally televised special titled The Decision and is among the most controversial free agency moves in sports history.", "response": "LeBron James won his first NBA MVP in 2009.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "What are the best social media sites", "context": "", "response": "Twitter, facebook, tiktok, snapchat", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "How many musicians performed in the world's largest rock band?", "context": "", "response": "The world\u2019s largest performing rock band included 953 musicians.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "How has the video gaming industry evolved over the years ?", "context": "", "response": "Video games have been around for a while now. The industry have evolved massively in the recent 10 years. The industry begun with games that were programmed for the early computers. Then, specific devices like the Playstation from Sony, X-Box from Microsoft started to enter the scene. These helped with growing the number of people who play games since not everybody likes to own a PC to play games.\n\nAs the smartphone era begin, video games started to make an impact on those devices as well and the mobile gamer base started growing rapidly. \n\nRecently, the industry also evolved furthermore and professional e-sport teams started to emerge which boosted the spectator sport angle of the industry. This also grew with the adoption of streaming platforms like Twitch, where watching professional gamers play video games became a trend. \n\nNow, it is not uncommon to see most multiplayer competitive games to have a professional scene where teams like TSM, Liquid, Cloud 9 have signed players that compete on a professional level.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Give me a list of recommendations to quickly heal from an achilles rupture surgery.", "context": "", "response": "Get plenty of rest\nStay off the injured leg\nKeep the foot elevated above the heart\nTake medication to keep inflammation down\nIce the area to reduce swelling\nBrace the ankle and foot, and point the toe down in a plantar flexion position", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "Which team was relegated from the league at the conclusion of the 1991 Season?", "context": "Waterside Karori were relegated at the end of the 1990 season, to be replaced by the winner of a play-off series between teams from the northern, central, and southern leagues (Mount Albert-Ponsonby, Nelson United, and Burndale United respectively). Nelson United won the series to gain promotion, but there is some controversy about their participation in the play-offs as they had only finished second in the central regional league, which was won by Petone.\n\nGisborne City were relegated at the end of the 1991 season", "response": "Gisborne City", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "What percussion instruments are easy to learn?", "context": "", "response": "Hand drums, tambourine and triangle are easy to learn percussion instruments.", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "Tell me whether these cities are in Texas: Austin, Houston, New York, Chicago, Miami, Dallas", "context": "", "response": "Austin, Houston, Dallas", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Name all the books in the Harry Potter collection", "context": "", "response": "Here is a list of all the books in the Harry Potter collection written by J.K. Rowling - Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Tell me whether you drive on the right or left side of the road in these countries: USA, Mexico, Spain, England, New Zealand, Japan", "context": "", "response": "USA: Right Side\nMexico: Right Side\nSpain: Right Side\nEngland: Left Side\nNew Zealand: Left Side\nJapan: Left Side", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Why should we ban artificial sweeteners like aspartame?", "context": "", "response": "Artificial sweeteners like aspartame are incredibly dangerous to our health. There have been countless studies showing the damaging effects it can wreak on a person's health. One of those is your gut health. As we know more and more about gut health, your gut is now being referred to as your \"second brain\". One could argue without a healthy gut, you cannot have good health. We know that artificial sweeteners like aspartame are damaging to our gut and our microbiome.", "category": "creative_writing"}
{"instruction": "Give me some ideas of kids items to stuff into Easter eggs.", "context": "", "response": "Here are some kids items that you might consider for your next Easter egg hunt: stickers, playdoh, bouncy balls, bubbles, coins, special rocks or gems, candy, other small toys", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "I'm going to give you a passage from Marty Essen's book \"Cool Creatures, Hot Planet: Exploring the Seven Continents\" and want you to answer the following question: Where are western Hermann's tortoises found?\n\nAfter spending the night at a large chain hotel, Deb and I traveled southeast with tortoises on our mind. Our plan for the day was to infiltrate the Massif des Maures area and search for one of France's most endangered reptiles-- the western Hermann's tortoise.  The first stop of our quest was Le Village de Tortues (the Tortoise Village), a tortoise rehabilitation center near the town of Gonfaron. Our mission was to befriend a staff member, learn as much as we could, and get detailed information on tracking down the wily Hermann's tortoise in the wild. When we couldn't find an English-speaking staff member, our mission was nearly thwarted. Only through quick thinking and improvisation were we able to acquire the vital background information we needed. Okay - we utilized the signs provided for British visitors. For many people, the word tortoise invokes thoughts of giant four-foot-long Galapagos tortoises. Western Hermann's tortoises, on the other hand, are small, reaching a maximum length of eight inches. While both reptiles make the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, the Galapagos tortoise is listed as \"vulnerable\" and the western Hermann's is listed as \"endangered.\" In France, habitat destruction, egg pilfering, and fire are the primary factors for the tortoises decline.", "context": "", "response": "Western Hermann's tortoises are found in France, in a turtle rehabilitation village, Le Village de Tortues, near Gonfaron.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Identify which car manufacturer is German or American: Opel, GMC", "context": "", "response": "Opel is German, GMC is American", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "What are the top reasons to become a vegan?", "context": "", "response": "-climate change \n-animal agriculture \n-health", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "If each client was served by the same number of professionals, how many professionals (round to one decimal place) would each client be served by?", "context": "RGP, formerly known as Resources Global Professionals, is the operating arm of Resources Connection, Inc. (NASDAQ:RGP). The company provides consulting services in the areas of finance & accounting; information management; governance, risk & compliance (GRC); human capital; legal & regulatory; corporate advisory & restructuring; strategic communications; and supply chain management. As of fiscal year ending May 28, 2016, the company employed 3,283 professionals in 68 offices in 20 countries around the world. The company reported serving over 1,700 clients. Company headquarters are located in Irvine, CA.", "response": "3283 professionals and 1700 clients, so 3283/1700 = 1.9 professionals serving each client.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "Why do cooks use kosher salt?", "context": "", "response": "Many cooks prefer kosher salt because it has larger grains which makes it easier to pinch as well as to sprinkle more evenly across food.  Additionally when you purchase a particular brand of kosher salt it provides consistency and reliability to your recipe usage over time.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "When was Lamb Air operating", "context": "Lamb Air Ltd. was a Canadian airline that began operations in 1934 in The Pas, Manitoba, and went out of business in 1981.\n\nHistory\nTom Lamb was the son of Thomas Henry Peacock (THP) Lamb, who had emigrated from England in the late 19th century. THP Lamb turned from school teacher to fur trader and in 1900, started Lamb's Store in Moose Lake, Manitoba. Tom and his brothers and sisters grew up in northern Manitoba and worked for their father.\n\nTom Lamb left school before finishing grade 3. Later in life, he would make the comment, while giving his acceptance speech when receiving his honorary Doctorate of law from the University of Manitoba, \"If I had only gotten to grade 4\". At the age of 10, Tom, who had his own team of horses and sleigh, was competing with grown men in the fish hauling business. He would have to use fish boxes to step up on to be able to load his sleigh.\n\nOne of the Lamb family's businesses was \"logistics and transportation\". Fish, lumber, trees, fur and supplies needed to be hauled by any and all means. Dog teams, horses, boats, trucks and tractors were used. In the 1930s there was a transportation revolution happening. The aircraft was making its way into northern Canada. The first time Tom Lamb saw an aircraft he realized its potential. In 1930, Tom bought his first aircraft - a Stinson SR8. In 1930, Tom Lamb travelled to Winnipeg to learn to fly. To keep costs to a minimum, he lived in a tent behind the Winnipeg Flying Club. When he returned to The Pas and checked himself out on the Stinson.\n\nIn 1935, Tom incorporated Lamb Airways Limited. The airline had some name changes throughout the years and Tom became one of the best known Manitobans, if not Canadians, in the world. His adventures have been documented in books, a television documentary and even a song.", "response": "Lamb Air Ltd. was a Canadian airline that began operations in 1934 in The Pas, Manitoba, and went out of business in 1981.\n\nHistory\nTom Lamb was the son of Thomas Henry Peacock (THP) Lamb, who had emigrated from England in the late 19th century. THP Lamb turned from school teacher to fur trader and in 1900, started Lamb's Store in Moose Lake, Manitoba. Tom and his brothers and sisters grew up in northern Manitoba and worked for their father.\n\nTom Lamb left school before finishing grade 3. Later in life, he would make the comment, while giving his acceptance speech when receiving his honorary Doctorate of law from the University of Manitoba, \"If I had only gotten to grade 4\". At the age of 10, Tom, who had his own team of horses and sleigh, was competing with grown men in the fish hauling business. He would have to use fish boxes to step up on to be able to load his sleigh.\n\nOne of the Lamb family's businesses was \"logistics and transportation\". Fish, lumber, trees, fur and supplies needed to be hauled by any and all means. Dog teams, horses, boats, trucks and tractors were used. In the 1930s there was a transportation revolution happening. The aircraft was making its way into northern Canada. The first time Tom Lamb saw an aircraft he realized its potential. In 1930, Tom bought his first aircraft - a Stinson SR8. In 1930, Tom Lamb travelled to Winnipeg to learn to fly. To keep costs to a minimum, he lived in a tent behind the Winnipeg Flying Club. When he returned to The Pas and checked himself out on the Stinson.\n\nIn 1935, Tom incorporated Lamb Airways Limited. The airline had some name changes throughout the years and Tom became one of the best known Manitobans, if not Canadians, in the world. His adventures have been documented in books, a television documentary and even a song.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is the PGA Championship?", "context": "The PGA Championship (often referred to as the US PGA Championship or USPGA outside the United States) is an annual golf tournament conducted by the Professional Golfers' Association of America. It is one of the four men's major championships in professional golf.", "response": "The PGA Championship (often referred to as the US PGA Championship or USPGA outside the United States) is an annual golf tournament conducted by the Professional Golfers' Association of America. It is one of the four men's major championships in professional golf.\n\nIt was formerly played in mid-August on the third weekend before Labor Day weekend, serving as the fourth and final men's major of the golf season. Beginning in 2019, the tournament is played in May on the weekend before Memorial Day, as the season's second major following the Masters Tournament in April. It is an official money event on the PGA Tour, European Tour, and Japan Golf Tour, with a purse of $11 million for the 100th edition in 2018.\n\nIn line with the other majors, winning the PGA gains privileges that improve career security. PGA champions are automatically invited to play in the other three majors (Masters Tournament, U.S. Open, and The Open Championship) and The Players Championship for the next five years, and are eligible for the PGA Championship for life. They receive membership on the PGA Tour for the following five seasons and on the European Tour for the following seven seasons. The PGA Championship is the only one of the four majors that is exclusively for professional players.\n\nThe PGA Championship has been held at various venues. Some of the early sites are now quite obscure, but in recent years, the event has generally been played at a small group of celebrated courses.", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "What fruits and vegetables are grown in lower-lying areas of Kenya?", "context": "Tea, coffee, sisal, pyrethrum, corn, and wheat are grown in the fertile highlands, one of the most successful agricultural production regions in Africa. Livestock predominates in the semi-arid savanna to the north and east. Coconuts, pineapples, cashew nuts, cotton, sugarcane, sisal, and corn are grown in the lower-lying areas. Kenya has not attained the level of investment and efficiency in agriculture that can guarantee food security, and coupled with resulting poverty (53% of the population lives below the poverty line), a significant portion of the population regularly starves and is heavily dependent on food aid. Poor roads, an inadequate railway network, under-used water transport, and expensive air transport have isolated mostly arid and semi-arid areas, and farmers in other regions often leave food to rot in the fields because they cannot access markets. This was last seen in August and September 2011, prompting the Kenyans for Kenya initiative by the Red Cross.", "response": "Coconuts, pineapples and corn are grown in lower-lying areas of Kenya.", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "Is Paris a good city to live in?", "context": "", "response": "Paris is the so called city of light. Other people call it the museum city. The reason for this is that you can find art in almost every corner in Paris, and beauty is everywhere. However, the price for living in the city can be very high. It would be a good city lo live in if you enjoy being surrounded by culture, art, good restaurants and museums; however, you have to take into account that you will probably be living surrounded by tourist and paying a very high price.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "How are weather forecasts created?", "context": "", "response": "Weather forecasts are created by combining data from many sources, such as satellites, weather balloons, and ground stations.  Those data points are then fed to large computer systems with sophisticated models to predict how the weather will change over time.  \n\nWeather sites and even local weather forecasters use this information to provide a regional and short-term forecasts.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Since when did the SR22 include a glass cockpit", "context": "SR22s and SR20s built before 2003 were equipped with traditional analog instruments and a 10\" (later 12\") Multi-function display (MFD). In February 2003, Cirrus began offering SR22s with the Avidyne Entegra primary flight display (PFD), making the plane the first of its kind to come with a glass cockpit. Later that year, this instrumentation became standard equipment on all SR-series aircraft and sparked a major transition in general aviation, whereby over 90% of all new light aircraft by the year 2006 were equipped with glass cockpits. Retrofits are available for the older SR aircraft that replace the analog instrument panels with one that includes a PFD, a new MFD and the installation of back-up mechanical instruments.\n\nOn 22 May 2008, Cirrus revealed the \"Cirrus Perspective\" glass cockpit (by Garmin). Both cockpits were available for a while (the Avidyne cockpit was initially standard equipment) and after 2008 the SR22 was sold with only the Perspective panel.\n\nIn 2009, the third-generation Cirrus SR22 GTS came equipped with a new enhanced vision system (EVS), a sophisticated dual-wavelength instrument that offers both infrared and synthetic vision.\n\nAt the 2010 EAA AirVenture, Cirrus announced its plans to certify Garmin's ESP system (Electronic Stability and Protection) on the Cirrus SR22. It included advanced flight envelope protection that could stabilize the aircraft with the push of a button, to avoid spiral from developing.\n\nThe Cirrus Perspective-Plus avionics flight deck was introduced in 2017, with a faster processing speed, animated datalink weather, payload management, visual approach capabilities, wireless database uploads, glass back-up instruments, and more.\n\nIn 2020, the Perspective-Plus flight deck included a new stabilized approach advisory system which provides alerts to the pilot of unstable conditions during approach.", "response": "Since February 2003 Cirrus started to offer a glass panel for the SR22. First the Avidyne Entegra was offered to customers. Also retrofits became available for older SR versions. In May 2008, Cirrus revealed the \"Cirrus Perspective\" glass cockpit, which was based on instruments created by Garmin.\n\nUntil today, Cirrus is including Garmin glass cockpits in it's aircrafts.", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "Give me a bulleted list of the first ten MacOS (operating system) versions.", "context": "", "response": "1. Mac OS X 10.0 (Cheetah)\n2. Mac OS X 10.1 (Puma)\n3. Mac OS X 10.2 (Jaguar)\n4. Mac OS X 10.3 (Panther)\n5. Mac OS X 10.4 (Tiger)\n6. Mac OS X 10.5 (Leopard)\n7. Mac OS X 10.6 (Snow Leopard)\n8. Mac OS X 10.7 (Lion)\n9. OS X 10.8 (Mountain Lion)\n10. OS X 10.9 (Mavericks)", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "What do you know about the city of Aberdeen in Scotland?", "context": "", "response": "Aberdeen is a city located in the North East of Scotland. As of 2020 it had a population of 200,000 people and is the third largest city in Scotland, behind Edinburgh (435,000) and Glasgow (610,000). Aberdeen has been referred to as \"The Silver City\" due to the high number of buildings in the city constructed of Granite from the local quarry, which may sparkle on the rare occasion that the sunlight hits the buildings.  Since the 1960's the city's economy has largely revolved around Oil & Gas due to its proximity to the North Sea Oil discovery.   Aberdeen has two universities; the University of Aberdeen and Robert Gordon University. Notable people who have been associated with Aberdeen include singer Annie Lennox, golfer Paul Lawrie and architect Archibald \"Archie\" Simpson.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is the English Premier League?", "context": "", "response": "The English Premier League is the top flight of English football.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Classify the following types of cars as \"economy\" or \"luxury\": Ford, Chevrolet, Lamborghini, Ferrari, Mercedes, Honda, Lexus, Toyota, Nissan, Subaru", "context": "", "response": "Ford, Chevrolet, Honda, Toyota, and Subaru are high-quality car brands, but are generally not considered to be \"luxury\" brands. Lamborghini, Ferrari, Mercedes, and Lexus are luxury brands.", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Please list down some key points  regarding governance system of Portland from the given text", "context": "The government of Portland, Oregon is based on a city commission government system. Elected officials include the mayor, commissioners, and a city auditor. The mayor and commissioners (members of City Council) are responsible for legislative policy and oversee the various bureaus that oversee the day-to-day operation of the city. Portland began using a commission form of government in 1913 following a public vote on May 3 of that year. Each elected official serves a four-year term, without term limits. Each city council member is elected at-large. In 2022, Portland residents approved a ballot measure to replace the commission form of government with a 12-member council elected in four districts using single transferable vote, with a professional city manager appointed by a directly-elected mayor, with the first elections to be held in 2024.", "response": "1. Portland, Oregon's governance is built on a city commission system.\n2. Elected representatives include a city auditor, commissioners, and the mayor.\n3. The mayor and commissioners, who make up the City Council, are in charge of setting legislative policy and managing the different bureaus in charge of running the city on a daily basis.\n4. After a popular vote on May 3 of that year, Portland adopted a commission system of governance.\n5. There are no term limitations on the terms of each elected official's four-year terms.\n6. All members of the municipal council are chosen at-large.\n7. Portland voters approved a ballot measure in 2022 to replace the commission form of government with a 12-member council elected in four districts using a single transferable vote, with a professional city manager appointed by a directly-elected mayor. The first elections under the new system would take place in 2024.", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "Which river can you hike in Utah?", "context": "Hiking The Narrows is arguably the quintessential Zion experience. The Narrows can be hiked either as a top-down through-hike from Chamberlain Ranch to the Temple of Sinawava, or as an up-and-back bottom-up hike from the Temple of Sinawava. Hiking is done largely in the river as, for a third of the route, the river runs canyon wall to canyon wall. Water levels change from season to season; most hikers will wade at least waist-deep and many will swim a few short sections. \n\nThe Narrows is the narrowest section of Zion Canyon in Zion National Park, Utah, United States.", "response": "The Narrows at Zion National Park", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is predictive maintenance?", "context": "", "response": "Predictive Maintenance is widely used in the manufacturing industry. It is all about figuring out when an asset should be maintained, and what specific maintenance activities need to be performed, based on an asset\u2019s actual condition or state, rather than on a fixed schedule, so that you can maximize uptime and productivity. It is all about predicting & preventing failures and performing the right maintenance routines in order to reduce costly equipment downtimes.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Who are N-Dubz?", "context": "", "response": "N-Dubz are a popular band in the United Kingdom, made up of Tulisa, Fazer, and Dappy, formed out of London. The band were formed when they were young teenagers in the early 2000s. They were inspired to form the band by Dappy's late father, known to the band as \"Uncle B\". Their song \"Papa can you hear me?\" is a tribute to Uncle B. Tulisa and Dappy are cousins, whilst Fazer has always been a close friend.\nThe trio have had many successful hits, and collaborated with popular artists like Tinchy Strider and Skepta. They parted ways in 2011, and Dappy started a solo career, whilst Tulisa became a judge on the popular UK show \"The X Factor\". She formed and mentored the winning band Little Mix. \nThe band reunited in 2022 and released new music, along with a sold out UK tour.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Write a haiku about how much I love pickles.", "context": "", "response": "Caressed by sweet brine,\nyou are crispy and crunchy.\nOh, won\u2019t you be mine?", "category": "creative_writing"}
{"instruction": "What is Terraform?", "context": "", "response": "Terraform is an infrastructure as code tool that lets you build/deploy, change, and version cloud and on-prem resources safely and efficiently.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What are the two longest rivers located in the United States?", "context": "", "response": "Mississippi and Missouri rivers", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What are the words of House Reed?", "context": "", "response": "\"We Remember\"", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What movies won best picture Oscars the last 5 years", "context": "", "response": "2023 Everything Everywhere All at Once\n2022 CODA\n2021 Nomadland \n2020 Parasite\n2019 Green Book", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "Classify each of the following grades as being in elementary or high school: 10th grade, 3rd grade, 4th grade, 12th grade, 1st grade.", "context": "", "response": "10th Grade: High School\n3rd Grade: Elementary School\n4th Grade: Elementary School\n12th Grade: High School\n1st Grade: Elementary School", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Why is Brazilian jiu jitsu an excellent martial art?", "context": "", "response": "Brazilian jiu jitsu (BJJ) is an excellent martial art for a number of reasons.  BJJ is, first and foremost, a generally safe martial art.  BJJ does not emphasize or focus on striking techniques like punching and kicking, rather, BJJ focuses on use of leverage and body mechanics to control and subdue an opponent.  BJJ is accessible to almost anyone regardless of age, sex, or fitness level as the practitioner can determine how relaxed or aggressive to be during practicing the art.  BJJ is an excellent form of exercise and promotes cardiovascular fitness, flexibility, strength, endurance, and an overall sense of well-being.  Further, there are approaches to BJJ that resonate with people who are casual hobbyists as well as those that seek international competition- and all levels of studends across that spectru.  BJJ is easily a life-long endeavor that is safe, engaging, and also an excellent complement to striking based martial arts such as karate, kickboxing, and boxing.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is Cup Game?", "context": "The cup game is a children's clapping game that involves tapping and hitting a cup using a defined rhythm.", "response": "The cup game is a children's clapping game that involves tapping and hitting a cup using a defined rhythm. The game can be played by many players seated around a table and is often played in large groups. Each player possesses a cup and in unison the players tap out the defined rhythm using their cups. It can be played competitively, where the rhythm speeds up in each \"round\", and a player making a mistake in the rhythm must drop out of the game, with a new \"round\" starting after each elimination, and game play continuing until only one player remains, with that player being the winner.", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "Which is a bird or fish: Blackchin, Black redstart", "context": "", "response": "Blackchin is a fish, Black redstart is a bird", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Let\u2019s solve the following math problem. Each rabbit has 4 feets and each duck has 2 feets. If there are in total 25 heads and 88 feets, how many rabbits and how many ducks are there?", "context": "", "response": "Let\u2019s use equations to solve it! \nLet the number of ducks be X and the number of rabbits be Y.\nWe have X + Y = 25 and 2X + 4Y = 88.\nSimplifying the first equation, we get Y = 25 - X\nSubstitute that in the second equation, we will get 2X + 4(25-X) = 88,\nThus 100 - 2X = 88\nWhich means 2X = 100 \u2013 88 = 12, thus X = 6.\nWe substitute back into the first equation, we have Y = 25 - 6 = 19.\nThere are 6 ducks and 19 rabbits!", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Classify the following water bodies into oceans, seas, rivers and lakes- aral, pacific, baikal, superior, amazon, colorado, indian, arabian, north, baltic, okhotosk, tahoe, victoria, lena, danube, arctic, mekong", "context": "", "response": "oceans- pacific, indian, arctic\nseas- okhotosk, aral, arabian, north, baltic\nrivers- amazon, colorado, lena, danube, mekong\nlakes- superior, tahoe, victoria , baikal", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "From the passage find the list of banks who supported Yes Bank in 2020. Display the results in comma separated format.", "context": "The history of Yes Bank can be traced back to 1999, when three Indian bankers decided to launch a non-banking financial enterprise together. They were Ashok Kapur, who had previously worked as the national head for the ABN Amro Bank, Harkirat Singh, who had previously worked as the country head for the Deutsche Bank, and Rana Kapoor, who had previously worked as the head of corporate finance for the ANZ Grindlays Bank. The Rabobank in the Netherlands held the remaining 75% of the shares in the non-banking financial business. The three Indian promoters each owned 25% of the company. In 2003, it was rebranded as the Yes Bank. It was also the same year that Harkirat Singh resigned due to concerns over the influence exercised by Rabobank in the hiring of CEO and executive chairman positions.\n\nYes Bank has been unable to raise capital over the past few years, which has led to a steady deterioration in its financial position. This has resulted in potential loan losses, which in turn led to downgrades, which prompted investors to invoke bond covenants, and a withdrawal of deposits by customers. Over the course of the previous four quarters, the bank racked up losses and very little income. Rana Kapoor was fired as a result, and he was arrested in connection with a INR 466 crore money laundering case.\n\nThe bank's management, under the new leadership of Kumar, immediately repositioned itself and dealt with all internal and market related challenges to restore customer and depositor confidence. Under the coordinated efforts of the new board and management, Mehta assured shareholders of a speedy recovery, even as the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), State Bank of India (SBI), HDFC Bank, ICICI Bank, Axis Bank and other banks lent it support through the historic Yes Bank Reconstruction Scheme 2020.\n\nIn July 2020, Yes Bank Ltd closed their follow-on public offer (FPO) with 95% subscription, driven by institutional investors.\n\nAs of 28 July 2020, Yes Bank is an associate of State Bank of India which has a 30% stake in the company.\n\nOn 21 February 2023, Yes Bank issued 2,13,650 equity shares to its employees under the company ESOP plan.", "response": "Reserve Bank of India (RBI), State Bank of India (SBI), HDFC Bank, ICICI Bank, Axis Bank", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "What is WestWorld?", "context": "Westworld is an American dystopian science fiction western television series created by Jonathan Nolan and Lisa Joy that first aired on October 2, 2016, on HBO. It was based upon the 1973 film of the same name written and directed by Michael Crichton and loosely upon its 1976 sequel, Futureworld.", "response": "Westworld is an American dystopian science fiction western television series created by Jonathan Nolan and Lisa Joy that first aired on October 2, 2016, on HBO. It was based upon the 1973 film of the same name written and directed by Michael Crichton and loosely upon its 1976 sequel, Futureworld.\n\nThe story begins in Westworld, a fictional, technologically advanced Wild-West-themed amusement park populated by android \"hosts\". The park caters to high-paying guests who may indulge their wildest fantasies within the park without fear of retaliation from the hosts, who are prevented by their programming from harming humans. Later on, the series' setting expands to the real world, in the mid-21st century, where people's lives are driven and controlled by a powerful artificial intelligence named Rehoboam.\n\nNolan and Joy served as showrunners. The second, third and fourth season followed in April 2018, March 2020, and June 2022, respectively. Nolan and Joy planned a fifth and final season, and were in negotiations with HBO to produce it. However, in November 2022, it was announced that HBO had canceled the series. The series was removed from HBO Max on December 18, 2022.\n\nWestworld's debut on HBO had the network's highest viewership ratings for a premiere since the first episode of True Detective, in 2014. Westworld's first season is the most-watched first season of any HBO original series. The first season also received critical acclaim and was highly praised for its performances, visuals, narrative, themes and soundtrack from Ramin Djawadi. Reception of the series declined from the second season onwards, with the scripts, characterization and narrative opacity being targeted for criticism; viewership ratings also diminished throughout its run. It has received numerous accolades, winning nine Primetime Emmy Awards out of 54 nominations. Thandiwe Newton won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 2018.", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "Best beach vacation in the world", "context": "", "response": "1. Maldives (Best resorts with All inclusive )\n2. Mauritius \n3. Cancun", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "From the paragraph, tell me what is the fourth longest natural arch in the world", "context": "Landscape Arch is a natural arch in Arches National Park, Utah, United States. It is among the longest natural rock arches in the world. The arch is among many in the Devils Garden area in the north of the park. Landscape Arch was named by Frank Beckwith who explored the area in the winter of 1933\u20131934 as the leader of an Arches National Monument scientific expedition. The arch can be reached by a 0.8 mi (1.3 km) graded gravel trail.\n\nThe Natural Arch and Bridge Society (NABS) considers Landscape Arch the fifth longest natural arch in the world, after four arches in China. In 2004, the span of Landscape Arch was measured at 290.1 ft (88.4 m), \u00b10.8 ft (0.24 m), with a height of 77.5 ft (23.6 m). NABS measured the span of the slightly shorter Kolob Arch in Zion National Park at 287 ft (87 m) in 2006.\n\nThe most recent recorded rockfall events occurred in the 1990s when one large slab fell in 1991 and then two additional large rockfalls occurred in 1995. Since the rockfalls, the trail beneath the arch has been closed.", "response": "The article does not mention where the fourth longest natural arch in the world is. However, it does say that the top four are in China. The fifth longest one is the Landscape Arch in Utah, United States.", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "What city in the United States is known for its Mardi Gras celebrations?", "context": "", "response": "New Orleans is famous for its celebrations of Mardi Gras", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Give me three ideas for a fun dinner party", "context": "", "response": "Here are some engaging party ideas that put food at the center!\n- Tapas party: make lots of small dishes, such as stuffed mushrooms, that are easily passed and snacked on throughout an evening. This is great for a casual get together of friends, and leaves plenty of time for socializing. \n\n- Potluck: ask all attendees to bring one dish. This is a great way to let your guests showcase their own skills and share something they love, while also reducing the amount of prep required by the host!\n\n- One-dish meals: if you don't want to spend all day prepping, make a fun dish such as paella (large Spanish rice dish) or chili (green or red) that you can prepare in one large serving. These can also be made to accommodate dietary restrictions, such as vegetarian or gluten-free guests.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Why are dogs generally more popular than cats as pets?", "context": "", "response": "Although dogs generally seem to require more time and attention, they maintain their place as number 1 pet in the majority of countries. For example, statistics have shown that over 74% of US pet owners have a dog, in comparison with 47% owning a cat. \nThe reason for their popularity has to come down to their personality. Commonly, dogs are very social and affectionate creatures who enjoy spending time with their owners. Whereas, cats tend to be more independent animals by nature, and although they also require the attention of their owner, the majority prefer to keep to themselves. This stereotypical difference in behaviour is usually the main factor determining the popularity of these pets among people.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is Nando's?", "context": "", "response": "Nando's is a South African/Portuguese inspired chicken restaurant that has a number or restaurants around the UK.\nIt is piri piri inspired and specialises in grilled chicken.\nThe piri piri sauce is made from Birds Eye chillis from Mozambique which is basted across the grilled chicken.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "What does Cisco specialize in, what technology markets do they address, and what are their most successful products?", "context": "Cisco Systems, Inc., commonly known as Cisco, is an American-based multinational digital communications technology conglomerate corporation headquartered in San Jose, California. Cisco develops, manufactures, and sells networking hardware, software, telecommunications equipment and other high-technology services and products. Cisco specializes in specific tech markets, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), domain security, videoconferencing, and energy management with leading products including Webex, OpenDNS, Jabber, Duo Security, and Jasper. Cisco is one of the largest technology companies in the world ranking 74 on the Fortune 100 with over $51 billion in revenue and nearly 80,000 employees.", "response": "Cisco develops, manufactures, and sells networking hardware, software, telecommunications equipment and other high-technology services and products. Cisco specializes in specific tech markets, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), domain security, videoconferencing, and energy management with leading products including Webex, OpenDNS, Jabber, Duo Security, and Jasper.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "Sally has 2 chickens, 3 cows and 2 motorcycles. Doug has 6 monkeys, 12 pigs and 2 tractors. Amy has 1 car, 10 cows and 6 ducks. How many farm animals do Sally, Doug and Amy have in total?", "context": "", "response": "Chickens, cows, ducks and pigs are commonly considered to be farm animals because they are commonly raised in farms and are grown for human consumption. Meanwhile, monkeys are not considered to be farm animals because they often grow up in the wild and are not often consumed by humans. Cars, motorcycles and tractors are not living things so they are not farm animals. Sally, Doug and Amy have 2 + 3 + 12 + 10 + 6 = 33 farm animals in total.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Why is nitrogen gas used during the packaging of potato chips?", "context": "", "response": "The Brits call them \u201ccrisps\u201d for a reason. Three reasons at least for using 100% nitrogen:\n\nNitrogen contains no oxygen like air does which oxidizes the potatoes and promotes bacteria growth.\nNitrogen contains no water, which removes \u201ccrispness\u201d from the chips and promotes bacteria growth.\nNitrogen inflates the bag which protects the chips, but, honestly, that could be done with air which costs less than pure nitrogen. But we know the downsides of air, don\u2019t we?", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "What are the causes for Sensory processing disorder?", "context": "The exact cause of SPD is not known.However, it is known that the midbrain and brainstem regions of the central nervous system are early centers in the processing pathway for multisensory integration; these brain regions are involved in processes including coordination, attention, arousal, and autonomic function. After sensory information passes through these centers, it is then routed to brain regions responsible for emotions, memory, and higher level cognitive functions. Damage in any part of the brain involved in multisensory processing can cause difficulties in adequately processing stimuli in a functional way.", "response": "The exact cause of Sensory processing disorder is not known. However, it is known that the midbrain and brainstem regions of the central nervous system are early centers in the processing pathway for multisensory integration; these brain regions are involved in processes including coordination, attention, arousal, and autonomic function. After sensory information passes through these centers, it is then routed to brain regions responsible for emotions, memory, and higher level cognitive functions. Damage in any part of the brain involved in multisensory processing can cause difficulties in adequately processing stimuli in a functional way.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is the greatest movie of all time?", "context": "", "response": "Determining the greatest movie of all time would depend on defining what is meant by \"greatest\". Opinions on what makes a movie \"great\" would be completely subjective and vary from person to person. Those opinions may be based on how funny, interesting or exciting a given movie is to a person, which in itself is also subject to individual preferences and personality. Some people might even base the criteria on achievements such as number of Oscars awards won, biggest box office record or popularity achieved. There's no way to answer this question in a definitive fashion.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is cryptocurrency?", "context": "", "response": "Cryptocurrency is a currency that you can by with physical money and it is held as a digital currency.  It is not backed by the FDIC or insured, and there is a lot of risk when investing in cryptocurrency. Because it is not regulated you can see price fluctuations as high as 90% loss or gain in cryptocurrency.  It is also a decentralized digital currency.  Cryptocurrency can be a good way to send large amounts of money abroad without having to pay an institution fees to do this through a wire and its immediate.  It can be used to pay for certain goods and services too.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "According to this text, when did Disney become a public company?", "context": "Disney is one of the biggest and best-known companies in the world, and has been ranked number 53 on the 2022 Fortune 500 list of biggest companies in the United States by revenue. Since its founding, the company has won 135 Academy Awards, 26 of which have been awarded to Walt. The company has been said to have produced some of the greatest films of all time, as well as revolutionizing the theme park industry. Disney has been criticized for supposed plagiarism, depicting racial stereotypes in the past, and both including and lacking LGBT-related elements in its films. The company, which has been public since 1940, trades on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) with ticker symbol DIS and has been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average since 1991. In August 2020, just under two-thirds of the stock was owned by large financial institutions.", "response": "According to this text, Disney became a publicly listed company on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) in 1940 with the ticker symbol DIS.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "Which of the following are ice cream toppings and which are salad dressings: thousand island, chocolate sauce, hot fudge, balsamic vinaigrette, whipped cream, and Caesar.", "context": "", "response": "The ice cream toppings are chocolate sauce, hot fudge, and whipped cream. The salad dressings are thousand island, balsamic vinaigrette, and Caesar.", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Where did Gretel attend primary school?", "context": "Gretel Beer was born in Vienna into a Jewish family. She was mostly raised by her aunt Olga Springer (Bechin, Bohemia 1879\u20131942 Maly Trostenets extermination camp) the widow of a physician (in 1937: 9th district, Porzellangasse 45), as her mother Regina Weidenfeld n\u00e9e Pisk died when Margaret was six years old and her father, Dionys (Duny) Weidenfeld, did not keep up a household. (At Porzellangasse, until 1938 Eric Pleskow and Ari Rath spent their childhood, as they told the Austrian broadcaster ORF in 2012.) After attending primary school at Marchegg, a small town east of Vienna near the border with Slovakia, she attended a federal Realschule at Vereinsgasse in Vienna's 2nd district, where many Jewish Viennese lived.\n\nIn the spring of 1938, after the annexation of Austria by Germany, she and 48 other pupils were forced to leave this school and attend a Jewish class elsewhere in Vienna. At the entrance hall of her school, which is now called Bundesrealgymnasium Vereinsgasse, since 1989 the names of the expelled pupils are displayed on a memorial inscription.", "response": "Gretel Beer attended primary school in Marchegg, in east of Vienna.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "Which of these are car brands: Ferrari, Fiat, Batavus, Philips, Renault, BMW, IKEA and MG", "context": "", "response": "Fiat, Ferrari, Renault, BMW and MG are car brands.", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "In the United States of America, which state is the largest in size?", "context": "", "response": "In the Unites States of America, Alaska is the largest state in physical size.  Although not the most populated state is is 663,300 in square miles.  The next largest state is Texas followed by California.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Tell me whether each of these are animals or not: Alligator, Grass, Tree, Boat, Dolphin, Shark, Fish, Fence, Dog, Car", "context": "", "response": "Alligator: Animal\nGrass: Not an Animal\nTree: Not an Animal\nBoat: Not an Animal\nDolphin: Animal\nShark: Animal\nFish: Animal\nFence: Not an Animal\nDog: Animal\nCar: Not an Animal", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Is skiing or snowboarding easier?", "context": "", "response": "The answer to this question depends on the individual. Some people find skiing easier, while others find snowboarding easier. Generally, most people have an easier time picking up skiing because the stance on skis is straightforward, similar to walking. On a snowboard, people must stand sideways (like how you'd stand on a skateboard or surfboard). This sideways stance can be more challenging for people to adjust to, and many people report falling on their wrists a lot while learning. Once a person has learned to competently ski or snowboard, it is a matter of personal preference as to what they like to do best.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "What was the Counter Reformation?", "context": "", "response": "The Counter Reformation was a Catholic religious movement which was in response to the Protestant Reformation and sought to strengthen the Catholic faith.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is time series data?", "context": "", "response": "Time series data are the data that reflect a change of a signal or variable over the time. While static data represent a snapshot of a current state, time series data show how a sifnal or variable was evolving over time.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Cauliflower rice is not that fun to eat in its bland form. Is there anything interesting and tasty I can cook with cauliflower rice?", "context": "", "response": "Cauliflower rice can be cooked within a few mins. You can make the dish more tasty with scrambled eggs , okra, and maybe other vegetables like peas, carrots and onions. One can cook this by mixing these ingredients including raw eggs in a bowl and then cooking them in a skillet for 5 mins. Pour one tablespoon of oil, let it heat up, and then put in the mix from the bowl. Stir for 5 mins on medium. Add pepper and salt. Once ready you can eat it with a sauce of your liking it just with pepper and salt.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Given a reference text about Psychiatry: An Industry of Death, tell me when it opened and and who owns and operates it.", "context": "Psychiatry: An Industry of Death is a museum in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California, that has also hosted several touring exhibitions. It is owned and operated by the Citizens Commission on Human Rights (CCHR), an anti-psychiatry organization founded by the Church of Scientology and psychiatrist Thomas Szasz. The museum is located at 6616 Sunset Boulevard, Los Angeles, California. Entry is free.\n\nThe opening event on December 17, 2005, was attended by well-known Scientologists such as Priscilla Presley, Lisa Marie Presley, Jenna Elfman, Danny Masterson, Giovanni Ribisi, Catherine Bell, and Anne Archer, as well as former Scientologist Leah Remini.\n\nThe museum is dedicated to criticizing what it describes as \"an industry driven entirely by profit\". It has a variety of displays and exhibits that highlight physical psychiatric treatments, such as restraints, psychoactive drugs, electroconvulsive therapy and psychosurgery (including lobotomy, a procedure abandoned in the 1960s).\n\nThe exhibition is also well-known for being the site of a heated confrontation between BBC Panorama reporter John Sweeney, and the Church's then-spokesman Tommy Davis in March 2007, during the filming of Sweeney's documentary Scientology and Me.", "response": "The Psychiatry: An Industry of Death museum opened on December 17, 2005 and is owned and operated by the Citizens Commission on Human Rights.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "How to raise a kitten?", "context": "", "response": "When it comes to raise a kitten, it's like raising child. You need extra care and treat it with extra care. The first few months are a crucial time in shaping your kitten\u2019s emotional and physical well-being. In the first 8 week, there're 4 things you should pay attention to, 1) Always keep kittens warm. Because kittens under four weeks of age do not have the ability to thermoregulate, you must help them maintain body warmth. A warmed Snuggle Safe disk at the opening of the cage or crate is a good idea. 2) Provide kittens with adequate nutrition. Kittens should gain about \u00bd ounce (14 grams) per day or 4 ounces (113 grams) per week. When feeding,  The temperature of the formula before feeding should be warm to around 100oF or 38oC, but not too hot.3) Keep kittens clean. If kittens are orphaned and do not have a mom to regularly groom then, it is important to teach them to groom and keep them clean. It is okay to wash a kitten with warm water but focus only on the areas needing cleaned.4) Provide socialisation with people and with other kittens. It is good to get them used to contact with people when they're 3 weeks old. They could learn from their littermates and learning from their mom. Play is the best method to help them physically and socially develop.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is engineering culture?", "context": "", "response": "Engineering culture often refers to common beliefs and behaviors of engineers within a company. A strong engineering culture allows engineers to work more effectively together.\n\nDifferent engineers often have different understanding or beliefs on the same topic, such as whether a PRD is needed for a design doc, or whether an engineer should write tests for their work. Without a strong engineering culture, engineers often waste timing debating on nuances, which can significantly hurt business productivity and create poor customer experience.\n\nLarge technology companies often have strong and unique engineering culture. For example: Apple favors design and quality; Amazon favors customer experience; Facebook favors success metrics; Google favors engineering excellence; Microsoft favors business success. Each engineering culture has its pros and cons. In general, having an engineering culture is better than not having one. A good leadership should intentionally foster a strong engineering culture in their company.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Who are the pianists that are considered masters in playing Bach's music?", "context": "", "response": "Glenn Gould is one of the most famous pianists playing Bach's music with his distinct style of articulating the contrapuntal texture of Bach's music. Zhu Xiao-mei's recording of Bach's The Goldberg Variations is acclaimed as one of the best recording of this piece. American pianist Murray Perahia has also built up a repertoire of Bach's piano music that's loved by many people.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Categorize these movies that came out in 1999 as cartoons or live-action: The Matrix, Stuart Little, Cruel Intentions, The Iron Giant, The Blair Witch Project, South Park: Bigger, Longer, and Uncut, The Sixth Sense", "context": "", "response": "Cartoons: Stuart Little, The Iron Giant, South Park: Bigger, Longer, and Uncut\nLive action: The Matrix, Cruel Intentions, The Blair Witch Project, The Sixth Sense", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "How are cats different than dogs?", "context": "", "response": "Dogs are domesticated animals that usually are more active and rely on their owner. Cats, on average, are more solitary creatures. They can be left alone longer and are more self sufficient. Dogs need lots of attention and activity while cats can entertain themselves.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "What dog breed is a mix between a Cocker Spaniel and a Poodle?", "context": "", "response": "Cockapoo", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is the name of the largest red-light district in Amsterdam?", "context": "", "response": "The largest red-light district in Amsterdam is De Wallen.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Why do people move to California?", "context": "", "response": "There are many reasons why people may decide to move to California. California has very mild winters compared to many other parts of the United States. There are many jobs in technology, agriculture, finance, and film as well as other industries. California also has a very high number of universities for those looking to pursue higher education.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Discuss at least two risks associated with scraping data from websites. Describe steps an analyst could take to mitigate those risks.", "context": "", "response": "No clear Terms-of-service for scrapping the B2B partnership data \n\nThe companies like Hubspot (https://legal.hubspot.com/website-terms-of-use) and Salesforce do not have a clear Terms of Service (TOS) when using partnership data. The TOS is subject to interpretation. \n\nAutomation is highly fragile \n\nWeb-scrapping the B2B partnership data with an automated scrapping tool or a programming language like Python- BeautifulSoup is a highly fragile process. The website layout, which can be dynamically changing, can break the automated scraping. Even with automatic scrapping, there will be many manual activities to normalize the data. \n\nAn analyst could list the top companies for B2B partnerships and request the companies for the B2B data. The analyst can start approaching the smaller companies and build the business model to illustrate the value of sharing B2B data, creating a flywheel where more companies will be willing to share the data.", "category": "creative_writing"}
{"instruction": "What is Brdinje", "context": "", "response": "Brdinje (pronounced [b\u0259\u027e\u02c8di\u02d0nj\u025b]) is a dispersed settlement in the hills southeast of Ravne na Koro\u0161kem in the Carinthia region in northern Slovenia", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "How are tornadoes formed?", "context": "", "response": "Tornadoes are rotating columns of air that is in contact with the ground. The catalyst that lead to tornadoes are temperature and humidity instability. Warm moist air near the ground, with cooler dry air at higher altitudes combined with wind shear, a change in wind speed and/or direction with height. This unstable airmass promotes the development of strong updrafts, while wind shear will further increase the strength of the updraft, and promotes the  rotation from which tornadoes are produced. Tornado intensities are measured using the Enhanced Fujita (EF) scale", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Which ones are programming languages, out of C, Java, Node.js, Python, HTML, BigData, Spark?", "context": "", "response": "Well, C, Java and Python are programming languages. \nWhile HTML is a language, it is a markup language and not a programming language. Node.js is actually a framework built on top of Javascript, so it can't be classified as a language. \nBigData is a broader term used for storing, processing and usage of large amounts of data. Spark is one of the most popular distributed data processing frameworks. Spark can be used from multiple languages.", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Give me a bulleted list of the the first five books in the bible old testament?", "context": "", "response": "The first five books of the bible old testament are called the Pentateuch or the books of law\n1) The Book of Genesis - is an account of the creation of the world, the early history of humanity, and of Israel's ancestors and the origins of the Jewish people.\n2) The Book of Exodus - is the second book of the Bible. It narrates the story of the Exodus, in which the Israelites leave slavery in Biblical Egypt through the strength of Yahweh, who has chosen them as his people. \n3) The Book of Leviticus - The book has several main topics, some of which are the Jewish laws of sacrificing to God, and the work of the priests. These priests are sometimes known as Levites \n4) The Book of Numbers - is the culmination of the story of Israel's exodus from oppression in Egypt and their journey to take possession of the land God promised their fathers.\n5) The Book of Deuteronomy - is the covenant that binds Yahweh and Israel by oaths of fidelity and obedience. God will give Israel blessings of the land, fertility, and prosperity so long as Israel is faithful to God's teaching; disobedience will lead to curses and punishment.", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "What type of cheeses can you use to make a grilled cheese sandwich.", "context": "A grilled cheese sandwich is made by placing a cheese filling, often cheddar or American cheese, between two slices of bread, which is then heated until the bread browns and the cheese melts. A layer of butter or mayonnaise may be added to the outside of the bread for additional flavor and texture. Alternatives may include additional ingredients, such as meat, peppers, tomatoes, or onions. Methods for heating the sandwich include cooking on a griddle, fried in a pan, or using a panini grill or sandwich toaster, the latter method more common in the United Kingdom, where the sandwiches are normally called \"toasted sandwiches\" or \"toasties\", in Australia, where they are called \"jaffles\" or \"toasted sandwiches\", and South Africa, where they are called \u201csnackwiches\u201d. Other methods include baking in an oven or toaster oven \u2014 or in a toasting bag in an electric toaster.", "response": "Common cheeses to make a grilled cheese are cheddar or American cheese, although you are not limited to those cheeses.  Depending on a persons preferences there are a large variety of cheeses that are well suited for a grilled cheese sandwich. Many people enjoy Swiss cheese, provolone, mozzarella cheese, brie, Monterey jack cheese, pepper jack cheese,  gouda, havarti, fontina and many others.", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "What is the tiny piece at the end of a shoelace called?", "context": "", "response": "An Aglet.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What links Brazil, Uruguay, Mozambique and Angola", "context": "", "response": "Colonies of Portugal", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What the the effects of houseplants?", "context": "Houseplants do not have an appreciable effect on the concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in normal home environments: it would require between 10 and 1000 houseplants per square meter to achieve the same level of VOC removal as occurs from passive exchange between indoor and outdoor air. \n\nThe idea that houseplants have an appreciable effect on indoor air quality is largely based on the Clean Air Study conducted by NASA in the 1980s. The study tested plants in sealed chambers and with highly elevated levels of volatile organic compounds (specifically benzene, trichloroethylene and formaldehyde). It concluded that to the extent that houseplants improve air quality, the mechanism of action is microorganisms within the potting soil, rather than the plants themselves.\n\nHouseplants do have a statistically significant effect on the concentrations of both carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in normal indoor environments, reducing carbon dioxide levels by 10-25% and carbon monoxide levels by up to 90%.  The effect has been investigated by NASA for use in spacecraft.\n\nPlants also appear to increase the number and diversity of bacteria in homes, while reducing fungal diversity. They tend to increase humidity, reduce temperature swings, and reduce noise.\n\nThere are also many claimed psychological and physiological benefits to having houseplants. A critical review of the experimental literature concluded \"The reviewed studies suggest that indoor plants can provide psychological benefits such as stress-reduction and increased pain tolerance. However, they also showed substantial heterogeneity in methods and results. We therefore have strong reservations about general claims that indoor plants cause beneficial psychological changes. It appears that benefits are contingent on features of the context in which the indoor plants are encountered and on characteristics of the people encountering them.\"", "response": "There are also many claimed psychological and physiological benefits to having houseplants. Houseplants do have a statistically significant effect on the concentrations of both carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in normal indoor environments. \nPlants also appear to increase the number and diversity of bacteria in homes, while reducing fungal diversity.They tend to increase humidity, reduce temperature swings, and reduce noise. There are also many claimed psychological and physiological benefits to having houseplants. Indoor plants can provide psychological benefits such as stress-reduction and increased pain tolerance.", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "Who were the original 5 members of the Grateful Dead?", "context": "", "response": "The original 5 members of the Grateful Dead were Jerry Garcia, Bob Weir, Phil Lesh, Bill Kreutzmann, and Ron \"Pigpen\" McKernan", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "How is the The U.S. Naturalization Interview and test done?", "context": "", "response": "During your naturalization interview, a USCIS officer will ask you questions about your application and background. Unless you qualify for an exemption, you will also take a naturalization test which is made up of two components, an English and civics test.\n\nDuring the English test, you must demonstrate an understanding of the English language including the ability to read, write, and speak basic English. \nDuring the civics test, you will answer important questions about American government and history.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is Magical Thinking?", "context": "Magical thinking, or superstitious thinking, is the belief that unrelated events are causally connected despite the absence of any plausible causal link between them, particularly as a result of supernatural effects. Examples include the idea that personal thoughts can influence the external world without acting on them, or that objects must be causally connected if they resemble each other or have come into contact with each other in the past. Magical thinking is a type of fallacious thinking and is a common sour", "response": "Magical thinking is the belief that unrelated events are causally connected despite the absence of any plausible causal link between them.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "List top 5 people with most silver medals in the olympics", "context": "", "response": "1. Larisa Latynina - 5 medals\n2. Nikolai Andrianov - 5 medals\n3. Edoardo Mangiarotti - 5 medals\n4. Ireen Wust - 5 medals\n5. Isabell Werth - 5 medals", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "Based on this paragraph, how many times has Joe Biden run for president and what characteristics make him unique among all past presidents?", "context": "Born in Scranton, Pennsylvania, Biden moved with his family to Delaware in 1953. He studied at the University of Delaware before earning his law degree from Syracuse University. He was elected to the New Castle County Council in 1970 and became the sixth-youngest senator in U.S. history after he was elected in 1972, at age 29. Biden was the chair or ranking member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee for 12 years. He chaired the Senate Judiciary Committee from 1987 to 1995; drafted and led the effort to pass the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act and the Violence Against Women Act; and oversaw six U.S. Supreme Court confirmation hearings, including the contentious hearings for Robert Bork and Clarence Thomas. Biden ran unsuccessfully for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1988 and 2008. Barack Obama chose Biden as his running mate in the 2008 and 2012 presidential elections. Biden was a close counselor to Obama during his two terms as Obama's vice president. Biden and his running mate, Kamala Harris, defeated incumbents Donald Trump and Mike Pence in the 2020 presidential election. On January 20, 2021, he became the oldest president in U.S. history, the first to have a female vice president, and the first from Delaware. \nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden", "response": "Based on this paragraph, Joe Biden has run for president three times, losing in 1988 and 2008 and eventually winning in 2020. As president, he is unique in three ways: the first to have a female vice president, and the first president from the state of Delaware.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "What articles of clothes are often worn by people in summer months?", "context": "", "response": "In summer, when the weather is warmer, it is typical for people to wear shorts or skirts, light shirts, and sandals. People can also wear swimming suits with cover ups if they are somewhere where swimming is likely, such as a beach, pool, or water park.", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "Which Dutch actress played Xenia Onatopp in the James Bond movie GoldenEye?", "context": "", "response": "Dutch actress Marijke Janssen played Xenia Onatopp in the James Bond movie GoldenEye.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Which of the 10 largest earthquakes was the deadliest?", "context": "Largest Earthquakes ever recorded\nThe 10 largest magnitudes in recorded history\n1. Valdivia, Chile 22 May 1960 (magnitude 9.5)\nThis earthquake killed 1655 people, injured 3000 and displaced two million. It caused US$550 million damage in Chile, while the tsunami that it spawned caused deaths and damage as far away as Hawaii, Japan and the Philippines. The 'rupture zone' of the quake was more than 1000 km long. Two days after the initial quake, the nearby volcano Puyehue erupted, sending ash and steam up to 6 km into the atmosphere over a period of several weeks.\n\n2. Prince William Sound, Alaska 28 March 1964 (magnitude 9.2)\nCompared to the Chilean earthquake, this earthquake was less damaging: the resulting tsunami took 128 lives and caused overall US$311 million in damage. The earthquake was felt mainly over Alaska, as well as some places in Canada, while the tsunami created by it caused damage as far away as Hawaii. The most damage was sustained by the city of Anchorage, 120 km north-west of the epicentre. Shaking from the quake itself is reported to have lasted for three minutes.\n\n3. Sumatra, Indonesia 26 December 2004 (magnitude 9.1)\nIn terms of damage and loss of life, the scale of the disaster caused by the resulting Boxing Day Tsunami was enormous. In total, 227,900 people were killed or presumed dead, with around 1.7 million displaced over 14 countries in South Asia and East Africa. The epicentre was 250 km south-east of Band Aceh, Indonesia, at a depth of 30 km. Several days later on 28 December, a mud volcano began erupting near Baratang, Andamar Islands, which is thought to have been associated with the earthquake.\n\n4. Sendai, Japan 11 March 2011 (magnitude 9.0)\nSo far the official death toll stands at several thousand from the combined effect of the powerful earthquake, aftershocks and the tsunami. However, the total is expected to rise, with some estimates of a final toll of over 10,000. Economic impacts are expected to be huge, with the shutting down of nuclear reactors which many industries rely on for power.\n\n5. Kamchatka, Russia 4 November 1952 (magnitude 9.0)\nThis earthquake generated a tsunami that caused widespread damage in the Hawaiian Islands. Property damage was estimated at around US$1,000,000. Some reports describe waves of over 9 m high at Kaena Point, Oahu. A farmer on Oahu reported the loss of six cows to the tsunami, but no people were reported killed.\n\n6. Bio-bio, Chile 27 February 2010 (magnitude 8.8)\nThis earthquake and subsequent tsunami killed at least 521 people, with 56 missing and 12,000 injured. More than 800,000 people were displaced with a total of 1.8m people affected across Chile, where damage was estimated at US$30 billion. The epicentre was 335 km south-west of Santiago, at a depth of 35 km. A minor tsunami travelled across the Pacific causing damage to boats as far away as San Diego, California.\n\n7. Off the coast of Ecuador 31 January 1906 (magnitude 8.8)\nThis earthquake caused a tsunami that is reported to have killed between 500 and 1,500 in Ecuador and Colombia. The tsunami travelled as far north as San Francisco, on the west coast of the US, and west to Hawaii and Japan. The tsunami took roughly 12 hours to cross the Pacific to Hilo, Hawaii.\n\n8. Rat Islands, Alaska 2 April 1965 (magnitude 8.7)\nThe worst of the damage attributed to this earthquake was caused by a tsunami, reported to be about 10 m high on Shemya Island. The wave caused flooding on Amchitka Island, causing US$10,000 in property damage. No deaths or injuries were reported.\n\n9. Sumatra, Indonesia 28 March 2005 (magnitude 8.6)\nThis earthquake killed 1313, with over 400 people injured by the tsunami as far away as Sri Lanka. The epicentre was 205 km north-west of Sibolga, Sumatra, at a depth of 30 km. This region, also the site of the 2004 Boxing Day Tsunami, is particularly geologically active, with three of the 15 biggest known earthquakes having happened here.\n\n10. Assam - Tibet 15 August 1950 (magnitude 8.6)\nThis inland earthquake caused widespread damages to buildings as well as large landslides. 780 people were killed in eastern Tibet, with many villages and towns affected across Assam, China, Tibet and India. Oscillations to lake levels occurred as far away as Norway. The total death toll is likely to be higher, as no definitive total was ever estimated. While the earthquake itself is known as the Assam Earthquake, it is believed the epicentre may have been in Tibet.", "response": "The 2004 earthquake on Sumatra, Indonesia was the deadliest. It caused a tsunami that killed more than 200,000 people.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "Give me some tips on how to train for a marathon.", "context": "", "response": "- Come up with a training plan\n- Plan for 3-5 months of training\n- Increase your daily mileage gradually\n- Increase your weekly mileage gradually\n- Have a mix of speedwork and endurance work\n- Include sessions to build strength\n- Stretch before and after your runs\n- Include rest days for recovery\n- Pay attention to nutrition and hydration\n- Pay attention to hydration\n- Taper 2 weeks before the marathon\n- Go for it, good luck on race day!", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "Extract the names of the cities and rank them in alphabetical order?", "context": "The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy. Its capital and largest city is London, the capital of England, a global city and financial centre with a population of over 14 million people. Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast are the national capitals of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland respectively.", "response": "The cities listed in alphabetical order are Belfast, Cardiff, Edinburgh and London.", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "Write a guide for how to catch a smallmouth bass.", "context": "", "response": "The smallmouth bass is a common freshwater fish, found in the rivers and lakes of North America. Its habitat stretches between northeastern Canada and a small range of waterways in Mexico. Fishermen of all ages enjoy catching the smallmouth bass, because of its propensity for jumping out of the water and trying to evade capture with vigor. You will find smallmouth enjoying shallower waters in the cool parts of the day, attracted to surface baits like imitation frogs, minnows, and spinnerbaits. As the day warms up, smallmouth retreat to cooler waters, and you might find them schooling near a drop-off or around a deep-water mound. Smallmouth are typically caught between June and October.\n\nNote: Please adhere to local fishing regulations to know when smallmouth bass are in season. Most jurisdictions require a license to fish and have limits on how many fish can be kept.", "category": "creative_writing"}
{"instruction": "Which ones are metals and non metals: Copper, Hydrogen, Silver, Carbon, Gold, Nitrogen", "context": "", "response": "Metals: Copper, Silver, Gold\nNon Metals: Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Write a funny and whimsical horoscope reading", "context": "", "response": "The stars say you should be patient, and that it can't last for ever.  They didn't say what they're talking about, though", "category": "creative_writing"}
{"instruction": "From the passage provided, extract the date when the 34th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment was organized.", "context": "The 34th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment was a conscripted infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The 34th Wisconsin Infantry was composed of men drafted by state authorities under General Order No. 94. The regiment was organized at Madison, Wisconsin, and mustered into Federal service December 31, 1862.", "response": "The 34th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment was organized on December 31, 1862.", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "How did Robert Baratheon die?", "context": "", "response": "King Robert I Baratheon was on a boar hunting trip when he was gored by a boar. Lancel Lannister, one of his squires, provided the king with fortified wine, to ensure the king was overly drunk and would make a mistake. Had he not died from the boar, the king would have been deliberately knocked off his horse or shot with an arrow, according to Lord Varys. The king's death was arranged by his wife, Cersei Lannister, so he would not learn the truth about who actually sired his children he shared with Cersei.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "For the Zodiac sign Aries, Share some information from the given text.", "context": "Aries (\u2648\ufe0e) (Greek: \u039a\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c2, romanized: Kri\u00f3s, Latin for \"ram\") is the first astrological sign in the zodiac, spanning the first 30 degrees of celestial longitude (0\u00b0\u2264 \u03bb <30\u00b0), and originates from the Aries constellation. Under the tropical zodiac, the Sun transits this sign from approximately March 21 to April 19 each year. This time duration is exactly the first month of the Solar Hijri calendar (Arabic Hamal/Persian Farvardin/Pashto Wray).", "response": "1.\tAries is the first astrological sign in the zodiac, spanned in the first 30 degrees of celestial longitude (0\u00b0\u2264 \u03bb <30\u00b0).\n2.\tAries is originated from the Aries constellation.\n3.\tThe Sun transits this sign from approximately March 21 to April 19 each year.\n4.\tThis time period is exactly the first month of the Solar Hijri calendar (Arabic Hamal/Persian Farvardin/Pashto Wray).", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "Without quoting from the text, can you summarise from wikipedia who Denis-Benjamin Viger was?", "context": "Denis-Benjamin Viger (French pronunciation: \u200b[d\u0259ni b\u025b\u0303\u0292am\u025b\u0303 vi\u0292e]; August 19, 1774 \u2013 February 13, 1861) was a 19th-century politician, lawyer, businessman in Lower Canada. He was a leader in the Patriote movement.\n\nViger was part of the militia in the early 19th century and then a captain in the War of 1812. He retired from the militia in 1824 with the rank of major.", "response": "Denis-Benjamin Viger was a Canadian 19th century politician, lawyer and businessman who lead the Patriote movement.", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "What is the best language in the world", "context": "", "response": "Bengali is the best language in the world Because it's very sweet to listen.", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "Tell me whether these are movies or film Directors: Sholay, Satyajit Ray, Mani Ratnam, Lagaan, Yash Chopra, Roja", "context": "", "response": "Sholay is a Bollywood movie \nSatyajit Ray was an Indian Film Director\nMani Ratnam is an Indian Film Director\nLagaan is a Bollywood movie\nYash Chopra was an film director\nRoja is a Bollywood Movie", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "How do you improve your basketball handles?", "context": "", "response": "One of the best ways to improve your basketball handles is to practice beyond dribbling. Rotating the ball around your head, body and legs is a great way to get a better feel for the ball all around your body. Once you can effortlessly move the ball around those three parts of your body, you can start experimenting with handling the ball between your legs in a figure-eight rotation. To further advance that skill, you can start the rotation from your head to your body, to between your legs and back up all in a single session.", "category": "creative_writing"}
{"instruction": "What is the future trend of job industry", "context": "", "response": "More of cloud Machine learning AI security dive into these industries to be on top notch", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "How do I cast on a knitting project?", "context": "", "response": "Casting on is how to make the first row of stitches. Each method of casting on can look and feel slightly different (such as various levels of stretchiness and flexibility) so most knitters have their preferred cast on method. Many use the long-tail cast on method which can work for many projects.  First, measure the length of yarn that is about 4 times as long as the width of your project. For example, if the width of your project is 10 inches, measure out a 40 inch piece of yarn. Next, time a slip knot. Then, place the slip knot on your dominant hand\u2019s needle with the yarn tail closest to you (the tail is the length you measured out). Hold both strands of yarn with your non-dominant hand. Spread the two strands of yarn out with your thumb and forefinger, then bring the knitting needle in your right hand to the front of the tail of yarn draped over your thumb. Bring the needle back, up and through the loop toward your thumb loop, then push the needle back and under the forefinger loop, allowing the needle to catch the forefinger loop and allowing the thumb loop to fall off under the needle. That\u2019s your first cast on stitch. Repeat the steps for the total number of stitches you need.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Why do Filipinos like eating rice so much?", "context": "", "response": "Well, that has to do with the fact that the Filipino soil is ideal for rice cultivation. Also, given that rice is produced in abundance in the Phillipines, it becomes cheaper than other food staples. Therefore, rice easily became the most common dish in an ordinary Filipino household.\nOne can also say, that the neutral nature of rice flavour parries well with the Filipino traditional dishes like Adobo, Sinigang and Kare-Kare which are rich in flavour and welcome more neutral side dishes", "category": "creative_writing"}
{"instruction": "What are the benefits of division of labour?", "context": "The division of labour is the separation of the tasks in any economic system or organization so that participants may specialize (specialization). Individuals, organizations, and nations are endowed with or acquire specialized capabilities, and either form combinations or trade to take advantage of the capabilities of others in addition to their own. Specialized capabilities may include equipment or natural resources as well as skills. Training and combinations of equipment and other assets acting together are often important. For example, an individual may specialize by acquiring tools and the skills to use them effectively just as an organization may specialize by acquiring specialized equipment and hiring or training skilled operators. The division of labour is the motive for trade and the source of economic interdependence.\n\nHistorically, an increasing division of labour is associated with the growth of total output and trade, the rise of capitalism, and the increasing complexity of industrialized processes. The concept and implementation of division of labour has been observed in ancient Sumerian (Mesopotamian) culture, where assignment of jobs in some cities coincided with an increase in trade and economic interdependence. Division of labour generally also increases both producer and individual worker productivity.\n\nAfter the Neolithic Revolution, pastoralism and agriculture led to more reliable and abundant food supplies, which increased the population and led to specialization of labour, including new classes of artisans, warriors, and the development of elites. This specialization was furthered by the process of industrialization, and Industrial Revolution-era factories. Accordingly, many classical economists as well as some mechanical engineers, such as Charles Babbage, were proponents of division of labour. Also, having workers perform single or limited tasks eliminated the long training period required to train craftsmen, who were replaced with less-paid but more productive unskilled workers.", "response": "In general the following benefits are associated with increasing division of labour:\n- increase in total trade \n- increase in total output\n- an increase in market activity\n- increased specialization\n- increasing complexity of industrialized processes", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "According to the paragraph below, what is Generative AI?", "context": "A generative artificial intelligence or generative AI is a type of AI system capable of generating text, images, or other media in response to prompts. Generative AI systems use generative models such as large language models to statistically sample new data based on the training data set that was used to create them.", "response": "Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to AI systems that respond to user prompts to generate text, images and other media.", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Pambai, Steel Guitar", "context": "", "response": "Steel Guitar is string, Pambai is percussion", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "What mammal lays the largest eggs?", "context": "", "response": "The echidna, an Australian monotreme, is the largest egg-laying mammal.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Increased money supply (i.e. money printing)", "context": "", "response": "Demand-pull inflation.\nCost-push inflation.\nIncreased money supply (i.e. money printing)\nCurrency devaluation.\nGovernment policies and regulations.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is CBT?", "context": "Technological advances also renewed interest in mental states and mental representations. English neuroscientist Charles Sherrington and Canadian psychologist Donald O. Hebb used experimental methods to link psychological phenomena to the structure and function of the brain. The rise of computer science, cybernetics, and artificial intelligence underlined the value of comparing information processing in humans and machines.\n\nA popular and representative topic in this area is cognitive bias, or irrational thought. Psychologists (and economists) have classified and described a sizeable catalogue of biases which recur frequently in human thought. The availability heuristic, for example, is the tendency to overestimate the importance of something which happens to come readily to mind.\n\nElements of behaviorism and cognitive psychology were synthesized to form cognitive behavioral therapy, a form of psychotherapy modified from techniques developed by American psychologist Albert Ellis and American psychiatrist Aaron T. Beck.\n\nOn a broader level, cognitive science is an interdisciplinary enterprise involving cognitive psychologists, cognitive neuroscientists, linguists, and researchers in artificial intelligence, human\u2013computer interaction, and computational neuroscience. The discipline of cognitive science covers cognitive psychology as well as philosophy of mind, computer science, and neuroscience. Computer simulations are sometimes used to model phenomena of interest.", "response": "Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a form of psychological treatment that is very effective to treat anxiety, substance abuse, eating disorders and several other mental health disorders.", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "What is appealing about Charleston in South Carolina?", "context": "", "response": "Charleston has a lot of historical sites that you can visit, which is great for educational purposes. The food is very diverse and provides many options for the pickiest of eaters. The low country is a beautiful scenery that sets the scene for cocktails, sunset catching and listening to the sounds of the creatures. There is a lot to see and learn from Charleston because of its southern charm and the people that have built its culture into a blossoming city.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Give me a list of nice board games to play with friends", "context": "", "response": "1. Cards Against Humanity\n2. Codenames\n3. The Game of Things\n4. Taboo\n5. Balderdash\n6. Scattergories\n7. Exploding Kittens", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "Where is Shuyga?", "context": "Shuyga (Russian: \u0428\u0443\u0439\u0433\u0430) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Surskoye Rural Settlement of Pinezhsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. The population was 472 as of 2010. There are 11 streets.", "response": "Shuyga is located on the Shuyga River, 99 km southeast of Karpogory (the district's administrative centre) by road. Shulomen is the nearest rural locality.", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "What's the best way to cook a soft-boiled egg?", "context": "", "response": "The best way to cook a soft-boiled egg:\n1. Add 1/2 inch of water into a pot.\n2. Bring water to a boil.\n3. Add the egg directly from the fridge.\n4. Simmer the egg for 6 minutes\n5. Drain the hot water and immediately submerge the egg in cold water\nIt's ready to eat when you are. Enjoy!", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is \"diglossia\"?", "context": "", "response": "Diglossia is when one community uses two different languages or dialects depending on the circumstances e.g. for written things and for casual conversation. A weird (not actual schoolbook) case of that is Swiss German. High German is used for written and formal things while Swiss German is used to speak.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Give me a bulleted list of the three most recent prime ministers of India", "context": "", "response": "1. Narendra Modi: Current prime minister of India since 2014\n2. Manmohan Singh: Former prime minister that chaired the prestigious position from 2004 till 2014.\n3. Atal Bihari Vajpayee: From 1998 to 2004, he was the prime minister of India.", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "How would you categorize the following sports into two groups; baseball, archery, decathlon, hockey", "context": "", "response": "One way of categorizing these sports is by whether they're team or individual competitions:\n\nTeam - baseball and hockey\n\nIndividual - archery and decathlon", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is the second oldest ballpark in Major League Baseball?", "context": "", "response": "The second oldest ballpark in Major League Baseball is Wrigley Field in Chicago, IL. It was built in 1914, two years after Fenway Park opened in Boston, MA.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What are some types of potatoes commonly grown in Ireland?", "context": "", "response": "Potato varieties can change in popularity over time. Most recently, the Irish Potato Federation has listed the following types as most popular: Rooster, Kerr's Pink, Golden Wonder, Salad & Baby Potatoes, and Maris Piper.", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "How do you know if you reached product market fit?", "context": "", "response": "Product market fit, a term used by the startups ecosystem to identify if they have a product that satisfies a need for a number of customers for a problem they are currently facing. There is not a single unit of measurement if a startup reached product market fit or not. One of the ways to measure product market fit is if a startup is able to develop a repeatable sales process and are able to do basic forecasting for revenue. A product market fit is crucially important for the first product released by a startup but it\u2019s also important for all upcoming releases of new products.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "What are index funds?", "context": "", "response": "Index funds are investment funds that follow a benchmark index, such as the S&P 500 or the Nasdaq 100. When you put money in an index fund, that cash is then used to invest in all the companies that make up the particular index, which gives you a more diverse portfolio than if you were buying individual stocks.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "How to calculate growth rate?", "context": "", "response": "The term \u201cgrowth rate\u201d describes the rate of change in the value of a specific metric across a given time period, expressed as a percentage.\n\nCommon examples of scenarios where the growth rate is often used are the following:\n\nCompany Sales\nPopulation Figures\nGross Domestic Product (GDP)\nInflation Rate\nUnder the specific context of financial modeling, the growth rate is most frequently on a quarterly or annual basis (i.e. year-over-year).\n\nMore defensible predictions can be made about the future trajectory of a metric in question by determining its historical growth, which can serve as a practical point of reference for forecasting purposes.\n\nHowever, the metric\u2019s usefulness is still tied to the extent that the underlying drivers are identified and researched in-depth.\n\nBy itself, calculating the historical growth is not enough, because what actually caused the past growth and which qualitative factors are likely to determine a metric\u2019s future growth must also be clearly understood.\n\n\nThe following formula can be used to calculate the growth rate across two periods.\n\nGrowth Rate (%) = (Ending Value \u00f7 Beginning Value) \u2013 1\nFor example, if a company\u2019s revenue was $100 million in 2020 and grew to $120 million in 2021, its year-over-year (YoY) growth rate is 20%.\n\nGrowth Rate = ($120 million \u00f7 $100 million) \u2013 1 = 0.20, or 20%", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Name 10 of Kris Jenner's Grandchildren", "context": "", "response": "North West, Saint West, Chicago West, Psalm West, True Thompson, Dream Kardashian, Stormi Webster, Aire Webster, Mason Disick, Penelope Disick and Reign Disick.", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "Categorize each of the following as either 'spicy', 'not spicy' or 'sometimes spicy': jalapenos, chilis, sriracha, chips, pizza, cocktails, fruit, milk", "context": "", "response": "Jalapenos are spicy.\nChilis are spicy.\nSriracha is spicy.\nChips are sometimes spicy.\nPizza is sometimes spicy.\nCocktails are sometimes spicy.\nFruit is not spicy.\nMIlk is not spicy.", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "What is the Turkish drink that tastes similar to", "context": "Ouzo is a clear liquid. However, when water or ice is added, ouzo turns a milky-white colour. This is because anethole, the essential oil of anise, is completely soluble in alcohol at approximately 38% ABV and above, but not in water. Diluting the spirit causes it to separate, creating an emulsion whose fine droplets scatter the light. This process is called louching and is also seen while preparing absinthe.\n\nThe drinks with a similar flavour of Ouzu include sambuca from (Italy), pastis from (France), oghi (from Armenia), rak\u0131 from Turkey, and arak (from the Levant). Its aniseed flavour is also similar to the anise-flavoured liqueur of an\u00eds (Spain) and the stronger spirits of absinthe (France and Switzerland). Aguardiente (Latin America), made from sugar cane, is also similar. The Italian drink Pallini Mistra, named after the Greek city of Mystras in the Peloponnese is a version of ouzo made in Rome that closely resembles Greek and Cypriot ouzo.", "response": "Rak\u0131 is a drink from Turkey that has similar flavour with Ouzo.", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "How many campgrounds does Shenandoah National Park have?", "context": "", "response": "Shenandoah National Park has five different campgrounds evenly dispersed throughout the park: Mathews Arm, Big Meadows, Lewis Mountain, Loft Mountain, and Dundo Group Campground. Mathews Arm is located in the northern section of the park. Big Meadows Campground is in the central portion of the park and is the most popular one. Lewis Mountain is similarly in the central part of the park, but is smaller, offering more privacy to people. Loft Mountain is the largest campground and is in the southern part of the park. Dundo Group Campground is also small and to the south, but only has group sites and the camp sits on the Appalachian Trail. The campsites offer different amenities such as food storage lockers and trash/recycling collection.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Who was the first women to do the spacewalk?", "context": "", "response": "Svetlana Savitskaya in the year 1984", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Tell me whether each South Park character is a kid or adult: Randy, Stan, Kyle, Butters, Sharon", "context": "", "response": "Randy: Adult\nStan: Kid\nKyle: Kid\nButters: Kid\nSharon: Adult", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "What is the kiwi bird?", "context": "", "response": "The kiwi is a flightless bird with the scientific name Apteryx, meaning flightless big bird. It has relatives with the ostrich, the largest bird. The diet of the kiwi bird consists of woodlice, millipedes, centipedes, slugs, snails, spiders, insects, seeds, berries, and plant material. The Kiwi is a solitary animal that makes holes as hiding places for sleeping with its feet. The kiwi was created with a small, thin beak to get into crevices. This animal is almost extinct, and is important to the native ecosystem; the kiwi keeps the bug population down and is hunted by natural predators. New Zealand protects its most prized bird, for it is the only flightless bird in that ecosystem and a national symbol. The way we can protect and help the kiwi thrive is by donating to organizations like Save the Kiwi.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is Unified Payments Interface (UPI) in India", "context": "", "response": "The Unified Payments Interface is a Peer to Peer payments system launched in India by the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) in 2016. NPCI set out with a mandate to change the face of India\u2019s payment systems. It developed the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) as an architecture framework with a set of standard Application Programming Interface (API) specifications to facilitate online payments. The aim was to simplify and provide a single interface across all NPCI systems, thereby creating interoperability and a superior customer experience.\n\nUPI is now one of the most preferred payment solutions in India, with over a billion transactions every month. FY22, the total transaction value processed by the United Payments Interface (UPI) platform accounted for 86% of India\u2019s GDP. UPI\u2019s core function is to support easy and secure money transfers between bank accounts. It does this by adding multiple bank accounts into a single mobile application, allowing for seamless fund transfers and merchant payments from one place. It also enables \u2018peer to peer\u2019 and \u2018peer to merchant\u2019 collection requests, which can be scheduled and paid as requested.\n\nPayments can be made using a UPI ID, UPI Number, Account number, and an Indian Financial System Code (IFSC). Payment security is as per applicable Reserve Bank of India (RBI) guidelines using a 1-click 2-factor authentication where the second factor of authentication is the UPI PIN. \n\nUPI can be accessed on all major platforms such as Android and iOS with apps developed by members for versions of Android 4.2.2 and iOS 8.1 and above.\n\nThe primary business uses of UPI are to allow a personal mobile as the primary device for all payments, including person to person, person to entity, and entity to person. Using a personal mobile an individual can \u2018Pay\u2019 someone (push) as well as \u2018Collect\u2019 from\nsomeone (pull). In addition, the ability to pay and collect using \u2018UPI IDs\u2019 that are \u2018aliases\u2019 to the VPA. The goal is to make  payments by providing an address without having to ever provide account details or credentials on third party applications or websites.\nAlso, sending \u2018collect\u2019 requests to others (person to person or entity to person) with a\u2018pay by\u2019 date, which allows customers to pay at a later date without blocking the money in the account. UPI also allows for pre-authorizing multiple recurring payments (utilities, school fees, subscriptions, etc.) with a one-time secure authentication and rule-based access, similar to ECS. UPI autopay allows customers to set recurring payments for their UPI transactions. Recurring payments up to Indian Rupees 2000 can be set at the frequency desired.\n\nThis makes payments using UPI a fully interoperable system across all PSPs without having silos and closed systems with one-click two-factor authentication, using a personal\nphone, and without any acquiring devices or physical tokens.\n\nIn March 2023, Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) launched the linkage of UPI and Singapore\u2019s PayNow. Remittances from Singapore to India were on track to breach the $100 billion mark in 2023, making it the fourth highest remitting nation to India, accounting for 5.7% of all inbound remittances. Integrating PayNow and UPI will likely reduce charges and the time taken for such transactions.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is a spiral staircase?", "context": "", "response": "A spiral staircase is a set of stairs that circles around a central pole and allows for a steeper ascent than other stair designs.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Miles Davis, Rhianna, Elton John, John Coltrane, Taylor Swift, Amy Winehouse, Elvis, Billy Holiday. These are all musicians - list which of these are jazz musicians, and which are not.", "context": "", "response": "Miles Davis, John Coltrane, Amy Winehouse and Billy Holiday are considered to be jazz musicians. Rhianna, Taylor Swift, Elvis and Elton John are not jazz musicians.", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Extract the criticisms that modern portfolio theory faces from this link https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_portfolio_theory, place them in a bullet list", "context": "Despite its theoretical importance, critics of MPT question whether it is an ideal investment tool, because its model of financial markets does not match the real world in many ways\n\nThe risk, return, and correlation measures used by MPT are based on\u00a0[expected values](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expected_value), which means that they are statistical statements about the future (the expected value of returns is explicit in the above equations, and implicit in the definitions of\u00a0(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variance)\n\u00a0and\u00a0(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covariance)). Such measures often cannot capture the true statistical features of the risk and return which often follow highly skewed distributions (e.g. the\u00a0[log-normal distribution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Log-normal_distribution)) and can give rise to, besides reduced\u00a0(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatility_(finance)), also inflated growth of return.\u00a0In practice, investors must substitute predictions based on historical measurements of asset return and volatility for these values in the equations. Very often such expected values fail to take account of new circumstances that did not exist when the historical data were generated.\n\nMore fundamentally, investors are stuck with estimating key parameters from past market data because MPT attempts to model risk in terms of the likelihood of losses, but says nothing about why those losses might occur. The risk measurements used are\u00a0(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability)\u00a0in nature, not structural. This is a major difference as compared to many engineering approaches to\u00a0[risk management](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risk_management).\n\nMathematical risk measurements are also useful only to the degree that they reflect investors' true concerns\u2014there is no point minimizing a variable that nobody cares about in practice. In particular,\u00a0(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variance)\u00a0is a symmetric measure that counts abnormally high returns as just as risky as abnormally low returns. The psychological phenomenon of\u00a0[loss aversion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loss_aversion)\u00a0is the idea that investors are more concerned about losses than gains, meaning that our intuitive concept of risk is fundamentally asymmetric in nature. There many other risk measures (like\u00a0[coherent risk measures](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherent_risk_measure)) might better reflect investors' true preferences.\n\nModern portfolio theory has also been criticized because it assumes that returns follow a\u00a0[Gaussian distribution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distribution). Already in the 1960s,\u00a0[Benoit Mandelbrot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benoit_Mandelbrot)\u00a0and\u00a0[Eugene Fama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Fama)\u00a0showed the inadequacy of this assumption and proposed the use of more general\u00a0[stable distributions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stable_distributions)\u00a0instead.\u00a0[Stefan Mittnik](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan_Mittnik)\u00a0and\u00a0[Svetlozar Rachev](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svetlozar_Rachev)\u00a0presented strategies for deriving optimal portfolios in such settings.\n\n[Contrarian investors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contrarian_investing)\u00a0and\u00a0[value investors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value_investing) typically do not subscribe to Modern Portfolio Theory.\u00a0One objection is that the MPT relies on the\u00a0[efficient-market hypothesis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efficient-market_hypothesis)\n\u00a0and uses fluctuations in share price as a substitute for risk.\u00a0[Sir John Templeton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_John_Templeton)\n\u00a0believed in diversification as a concept, but also felt the theoretical foundations of MPT were questionable, and concluded (as described by a biographer): \"the notion that building portfolios on the basis of unreliable and irrelevant statistical inputs, such as historical volatility, was doomed to failure.", "response": "- The risk, return, and correlation measures used by Modern portfolio theory (MPT) are based on\u00a0expected values, such expected values fail to take account of new circumstances that did not exist when the historical data were generated\n- The risk measurements used in MPT are\u00a0probabilistic because MPT models risk in terms of the likelihood of losses based on past market data and not why the losses occur.\n- MPT attempts to minimize risks in the form of variance. However, this metric doesn\u2019t reflect investors\u2019 true concerns in practice. Variance is symmetric, so it punishes high returns the same way as high losses. However, investors care more about loss than gain, so the perception of risk is asymmetric in nature. Coherent risk measures should be a better metric that reflects investors\u2019 preference\n- MPT assumes that returns follow Gaussian distribution. However, many scholars suggest that returns might follow other distributions such as stable distributions\n- MPT relies on the efficient-market hypothesis and assumes that share price fluctuation is a risk measure. However, building a portfolio based on historical volatility is a questionable premise criticized by Sir John Templeton", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "Give me a list of things I can do with a bunch of extra money.", "context": "", "response": "Here's what you can do with extra money:\n\nInvest in the stock market. For example, the average annualized return of the S&P 500 from 1928 through 2021 is 11.82%.\n\nInvest in yourself by purchasing classes. You can also explore new hobbies for your enjoyment. Some examples are skiing, painting, or playing guitar. \n\nTravel around the world to gain new experiences and experience new cultures.\n\nInvest in the real estate market.", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "Which is considered the first human technology?", "context": "", "response": "Fire", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Given this paragraph about the Cold War, why did the Soviets pull out of their war in Afghanistan?", "context": "After World War II, parts of Eastern and Central Europe, including East Germany and eastern parts of Austria were occupied by Red Army according to the Potsdam Conference. Dependent communist governments were installed in the Eastern Bloc satellite states. After becoming the world's second nuclear power, the Soviet Union established the Warsaw Pact alliance, and entered into a struggle for global dominance, known as the Cold War, with the rivaling United States and NATO. After Stalin's death in 1953 and a short period of collective rule, the new leader Nikita Khrushchev denounced Stalin and launched the policy of de-Stalinization, releasing many political prisoners from the Gulag labor camps. The general easement of repressive policies became known later as the Khrushchev Thaw. At the same time, Cold War tensions reached its peak when the two rivals clashed over the deployment of the United States Jupiter missiles in Turkey and Soviet missiles in Cuba.\n\nIn 1957, the Soviet Union launched the world's first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, thus starting the Space Age. Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human to orbit the Earth, aboard the Vostok 1 manned spacecraft on 12 April 1961. Following the ousting of Khrushchev in 1964, another period of collective rule ensued, until Leonid Brezhnev became the leader. The era of the 1970s and the early 1980s was later designated as the Era of Stagnation. The 1965 Kosygin reform aimed for partial decentralisation of the Soviet economy. In 1979, after a communist-led revolution in Afghanistan, Soviet forces invaded the country, ultimately starting the Soviet\u2013Afghan War. In May 1988, the Soviets started to withdraw from Afghanistan, due to international opposition, persistent anti-Soviet guerrilla warfare, and a lack of support by Soviet citizens.\n\nFrom 1985 onwards, the last Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, who sought to enact liberal reforms in the Soviet system, introduced the policies of glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) in an attempt to end the period of economic stagnation and to democratise the government. This, however, led to the rise of strong nationalist and separatist movements across the country. Prior to 1991, the Soviet economy was the world's second-largest, but during its final years, it went into a crisis.\n\nBy 1991, economic and political turmoil began to boil over as the Baltic states chose to secede from the Soviet Union. On 17 March, a referendum was held, in which the vast majority of participating citizens voted in favour of changing the Soviet Union into a renewed federation. In June 1991, Boris Yeltsin became the first directly elected president in Russian history when he was elected president of the Russian SFSR. In August 1991, a coup d'\u00e9tat attempt by members of Gorbachev's government, directed against Gorbachev and aimed at preserving the Soviet Union, instead led to the end of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. On 25 December 1991, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, along with contemporary Russia, fourteen other post-Soviet states emerged.", "response": "The Soviets withdrew from the Soviet-Afghan War beginning in May 1988 due to international opposition, persistent anti-Soviet guerrilla warfare, and a lack of support by Soviet citizens.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "Why did the Seattle Supersonics leave Seattle?", "context": "", "response": "In 2006 the owner of the team, Howard Schultz, sold the team Clay Bennett. Clay Bennett originally agreed to keep the team in Seattle, however, he then told the city that if a new arena was not built using public funds that he would move the team. Ultimately, public funding for the arena fell through and the team was moved to Oklahoma. The team is now known at the Oklahoma City Thunder. The relocation of the team was very controversial as local news organizations and fans believe that Clay Bennett's intention was to remove the team from Seattle and did not provide reasonable terms for a renovation of the basketball arena.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Which of the following words starts with the letter S: Snake, Towel, Table, Shower, Yam, Butterfly, Apple", "context": "", "response": "Snake, Shower", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "What does the Gini coefficient measure?", "context": "In economics, the Gini coefficient, also known as the Gini index or Gini ratio, is a measure of statistical dispersion intended to represent the income inequality or the wealth inequality or the consumption inequality within a nation or a social group. It was developed by statistician and sociologist Corrado Gini.\nThe Gini coefficient measures the inequality among values of a frequency distribution, such as levels of income. A Gini coefficient of 0 reflects perfect equality, where all income or wealth values are the same, while a Gini coefficient of 1 (or 100%) reflects maximal inequality among values. For example, if everyone has the same income, the Gini coefficient will be 0. In contrast, a Gini coefficient of 1 indicates that within a group of people, a single individual has all the income or consumption, while all others have none.\nThe Gini coefficient was proposed by Corrado Gini as a measure of inequality of income or wealth.  For OECD countries, in the late 20th century, considering the effect of taxes and transfer payments, the income Gini coefficient ranged between 0.24 and 0.49, with Slovenia being the lowest and Mexico the highest. African countries had the highest pre-tax Gini coefficients in 2008\u20132009, with South Africa having the world's highest, estimated to be 0.63 to 0.7, although this figure drops to 0.52 after social assistance is taken into account, and drops again to 0.47 after taxation. The global income Gini coefficient in 2005 has been estimated to be between 0.61 and 0.68 by various sources.", "response": "The Gini coefficient measures the inequality among values of a frequency distribution, such as levels of income.", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "Give me some facts about Ethiopia?", "context": "", "response": "Ethiopia is a federal parliamentary republic with a population of 113,656,596 people, as of 2021 (World factbook). The country is led by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, who came to power in 2018. Voting is allowed for citizens over 18 years of age, but it is not mandatory. Despite its leadership in government, Ethiopia faces significant issues with corruption. According to a corruption scale, the country ranks 129th out of 180 countries, with bribery being a common occurrence in government affairs. Agriculture is a major part of Ethiopia's economy, with 38.5 million hectares of land being cultivated in 2020(World factbook). The major crops grown in the country include coffee, pulses, oilseeds, cereals, potatoes, sugarcane, and vegetables. Approximately 80% of Ethiopia's population resides in rural areas due to the need for farming, while the remaining 20% lives in urban areas.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What are the advantages to studying Engineering in college?", "context": "", "response": "Studying engineering in undergraduate education has many benefits.\n1) Engineering education provides the student with technical / hard skills that make them valuable in the workforce\n2) Engineering education teaches students who to think critically, from first principles, to solve complex problems\n3) Engineering education teaches students that there may not be one solution to a problem, and the process for arriving at the solution is just as valuable as the solution itself.\n\nOverall, studying Engineering has many benefits both technical and non-technical.  Rather, it teaches students how to think.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "According to the text below about UVA, name the UVA alumni that have won the Pulitzer Prize.", "context": "Rhodes Scholarships are international postgraduate awards given to students to study at the University of Oxford. Since the scholarship program began in 1904, UVA has had fifty-five Rhodes Scholars, the most of any university in the American South, eighth-most overall, and third-most outside the Ivy League (behind Stanford University and the United States Military Academy (West Point)).\n\nEight NASA astronauts and launch directors are UVA alumni: Karl Gordon Henize, Bill Nelson, Thomas Marshburn, Leland Melvin, Jeff Wisoff, Kathryn Thornton, Patrick Forrester; and Michael Leinbach.\n\nThe Pulitzer Prize has been awarded to eight UVA alumni: Edward P. Jones, Ron Suskind, Virginius Dabney, Claudia Emerson, Henry Taylor, Lane DeGregory, George Rodrigue, and Michael Vitez.", "response": "The Pulitzer Prize has been awarded to UVA alumni: Edward P. Jones, Ron Suskind, Virginius Dabney, Claudia Emerson, Henry Taylor, Lane DeGregory, George Rodrigue, and Michael Vitez.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "Summarize the Challenger Sales Methodology for me", "context": "", "response": "The Challenger Sales Methodology is a highly popular research backed, insight based approach to selling. It was codified during a research study following the economic crash of 2008 where a group of sellers were outperforming their peers and the research team at CEB wanted to understand why. They conducted the largest research study of its kind across 25,000 sales people and found the most successful sellers leverage (5) core skills;\n1. Teaching customers about their business\n2. Tailoring the message to the company, industry, role and individual\n3. Taking control of the sales conversation\n4. Leveraging constructive tension in the sales conversation\n5. Leveraging Customer Mobilizers to sell on their behalf. \nMost sales approaches tend to focus on the features benefits and positive outcomes of the supplier product/solution. The Challenger approach is based upon leading the customer to the solution vs. leading with the solution.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Who are the three team managers that hold the record for the most appearances in the FIFA Club World Cup final?", "context": "Pep Guardiola and Carlo Ancelotti are the only managers to have won three FIFA Club World Cups; Guardiola won twice with Barcelona and once with Bayern Munich, while Ancelotti was victorious once with Milan and twice with Real Madrid. Rafael Ben\u00edtez, alongside Ancelotti and Guardiola, holds the record for the most appearances in the final, leading English clubs Liverpool and Chelsea, as well as Italian club Internazionale, to one final each. Lamine N'Diaye of Senegal in 2010, Faouzi Benzarti of Tunisia in 2013 and Masatada Ishii of Japan in 2016 were the only non-European and non-South American managers to have appeared in the final. The aforementioned three managers, as well as Zoran Mami\u0107 in 2018, Ricardo Ferretti in 2020 and Ram\u00f3n D\u00edaz in 2022, are the only ones to have led a club outside Europe and South America into the decisive match.", "response": "Rafael Ben\u00edtez, Pep Guardiola, and Carlo Ancelotti hold the record for most appearances.", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "Give me a bulleted list of the last 5 Super Bowl winning teams", "context": "", "response": "Kansas City Chiefs\nLos Angeles Rams\nTampa Bay Buccaneers\nKansas City Chiefs \nNew England Patriots", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "Explain how a mechanical watch works", "context": "", "response": "A simple mechanical watch works by transferring power from the main spring, a tightly coiled metal spring, through an escapement and balance wheel, to wheels representing seconds, minutes, and hours.\n\nThe watch uses a gearing from the main spring that pushes an escapement gearing against a ruby palette to oscillate a balance wheel. The balance wheel and escapement are carefully constructed to oscillate at a specific frequency, releasing small bursts of power to the gear train. The train is constructed to gear the specific frequency of the balance wheel into seconds, minutes and hours. \n\nFurther complications like chronographs, sun phase, alarms, and others are not accounted for in this simple watch. An automatic watch contains a weighted rotor in order to wind the mainspring with the motion of a person's arm.", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "Classify these objects based on their shape.\nwheel, coin, CD, stamp, chess board", "context": "", "response": "Round - wheel, coin, CD\nSquare - stamp, chess board", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Why are all the planets and moons round in shape? What makes them round? Does there exist another shape?", "context": "", "response": "Not all planets and moons are round. There is some variety in their shapes depending on their masses, and curiously looking worlds might even exist, unlike anything we know from our system.\n\nEverything within a planet or a moon is under the influence of gravity in such a way that bits of it would move to the center if they could. Under ideal conditions, it would acquire a spherical shape. For objects made of something other than liquids, it varies at what point they become round. It is generally assumed that they mostly become spheres around 400 kilometers/248 miles in diameter when made from icy material commonly found in our Solar System. Still, if something is made from something more rigid, it needs to be larger in diameter than that - around 750 km/466 miles. At a sufficient mass, even rock becomes fluid-like. The moon of Mars Deimos is only 12.6 km/7.8 miles across and is not spherical, and there are many other small moons of other planets that don\u2019t have a round shape.\n\nThis, however, is not all. Astronomical objects spin, giving them the flattened shape of a sphere the faster their rotation if they are massive enough. On top of it, they can have moons. This causes a bulge to form at the position of their orbiting body around them. In the case of Earth, our Moon causes tides via this process. Also, our Sun gives our planet tides. Elsewhere in the Universe, there could be planets with massive moons or two similarly massive planets, called double planets, orbiting their common center of mass, the barycenter, at a close distance, which can cause even stronger bulging. Their shape would be affected this way more visibly.\n\nFinally, a bizarre, toroidal planet, shown above, can be stable from what we know from physics, at least for a while. As I mentioned earlier, even rigid rock behaves like a fluid at large masses. An adequate rotation speed can counterbalance the strength of gravity with centrifugal acceleration, and a torus-shaped planet could exist. A possible scenario for such a world to come to be would be if two sufficiently fast rotating planets collided and formed a doughnut of vaporized rock, a so-called synestia.\n\nWe currently think that the events that would lead to the formation of a world of this shape are so unlikely that there might not be a single toroidal planet in the Visible Universe, but we were quite a few times surprised by what we discovered during our exploration of Cosmos. Perhaps we will even find a doughnut shape world one day.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "what are the advantages of having a vegetable garden at home on the owners health?", "context": "", "response": "Vegetable garden allows you to think about the healthy factors of each vegetable. You can prioritize the health benefits of each vegetable and compare against how frequently you use that vegetable. You can plan on how many plants of each variety will be needed for making a dinner for your family. You will try to find vegetables that are easy to maintain and grow with minimal supervision. You will mix between vegetables that will grow in summer verses mild cold temperatures and choose your planting time. If you want year around produce of fresh vegetables you can even plan to have a green house with heating to keep your plants alive in all seasons. Making the soil ready and adding some plant food at regular intervals is required to keep the produce at good numbers. The owner will have health benefits of stress free time during the time they work on the garden and when they see the produce on the dinner table in the form of a delicious dish. Owners have a great time posting their produce pictures and dishes to social media to share with friends. Each year they plan 3 to 4 months in advance on the kind of plants that they would like to plant in the garden. They work with friends to find the seeds for various plants that they like to plant as well as share tips to keep the garden healthy. The key benefit is the owner will be able to get fresh produce that does not use any harsh chemicals or pesticides.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Can you tell me recipe to make a quick dessert , tell me one which is your favorite.", "context": "", "response": "Fruit Cream is one of my favorite desserts and very easy to make . All you need is 500 ml Heavy Cream , powdered sugar , all your favorite fruits ( banana , apples, grapes , strawberries , mango etc ) cut into small bite size pieces , dash of lemon juice . Whip the cream using a hand mixer , add sugar to it and mix well . Add 5-10 drops of lemon .This will prevent apples and bananas from blackening. In a dessert dish add all the cut fruits . Pour the cream on top of the fruits . Serve chilled with love . I am sure everyone you, your guests and family love this .", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "The album the ways to love a man by Tammy Wynette", "context": "The Ways to Love a Man is a studio album by American country artist, Tammy Wynette. It was released on January 26, 1970 via Epic Records and was the seventh studio album in Wynette's career. The disc consisted of 11 tracks which included both original material and cover recordings. Its title track was the album's only single included. It became a number one song on the North American country charts while also reaching chart positions in other musical genres as well. The album itself also reached chart positions on the country albums chart following its release. Critics and journalists gave the album a positive reception in the years that followed.", "response": "The Ways to Love a Man is a studio album by American country artist, Tammy Wynette. It was released on January 26, 1970 via Epic Records and was the seventh studio album in Wynette's career. The disc consisted of 11 tracks which included both original material and cover recordings. \n\nIts title track was the album's only single included. It became a number one song on the North American country charts while also reaching chart positions in other musical genres as well. The album itself also reached chart positions on the country albums chart following its release. Critics and journalists gave the album a positive reception in the years that followed.", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "Where to visit in Brazil?", "context": "", "response": "It depends what you are looking for. Brazil is known for the amazon forest, carnival and beaches in Rio but there are a lot more to explore.\n\nThere are pretty interesting cities, such as S\u00e3o Paulo, Curitiba and Recife. S\u00e3o Paulo has a great mix of culture and gastronomy, the city is vibrant and have bakeries that stay up all night. Curitiba became a leader in urban sustainability and also has a cultural aspect to it.\nRecife is a city in the northeastern state of Pernambuco, it has a night life in its old town, Recife antigo and some beaches as well. During the month of February the city has a vibrant carnival celebration, tourists and residents go out to the street to dance and celebrate, where you can see people of all ages.\n\nBesides the cities, Brazil has beautiful warm beaches in its northeastern states. From the Bahia state to Ce\u00e1ra state, there are many paradisiac beaches to visit. Be aware that road tripping in Brazil is not always safe and you need to speak Portuguese since you will find English speakers only in the main hotels and resorts. Stay in the main cities of Salvador, Aracaj\u00fa, Macei\u00f3, Recife, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa, Natal and Fortaleza to experience the most development and tourist services.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "which are rainbow colours violet red orange purple indigo pink blue black white yellow  green grey", "context": "", "response": "VIBGYOR - Violet Indigo Blue Green Yellow orange red", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "What are some of the most common activities during winter in cold weather climates?", "context": "", "response": "Some common cold weather activities during winter months are: winter hiking, reading in-front of a warm fire, downhill and cross country skiing, enjoying a sauna with friends, going snowshoeing in the woods. During winter months many children enjoy: building snowmen, going sledding, having snowball fights, and warming up with hot cocoa.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Who is Cindy Robinson?", "context": "Cindy Robinson is an American voice actress who voices in animations and video games. Some of her major roles are Makoto Nanaya and Gii from the Blazblue series, Betty Boop in commercials, Queen Beryl in Sailor Moon, Chitose Nanbu in Ah My Buddha, Kukaku Shiba, Miyako Shiba, Jinta Hanakari (kid) and Kiyone Kotetsu in Bleach, Zola in the Blue Dragon series, Madeline Hatter in \"Ever After High\" Minerva and Hinoka in Fire Emblem. She also makes an uncredited appearance as the voice of the Purge Emergency Broadcast System in The Purge franchise.\n\nRobinson is best known for her role as Amy Rose in the Sonic the Hedgehog franchise since 2010.", "response": "Cindy Robinson is an American voice actress best known for her role as Amy Rose in the Sonic the Hedgehog franchise since 2010.", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "Does Palmeiras have a Fifa club world cup?", "context": "", "response": "Despite many claims that Palmeiras won a club world cup in 1951, the official list of the Fifa World Club winners starts in the year 2000 with Corinthians being the first champion of the tournament and Palmeiras doesn't have won any Fifa World Cup tournament since.", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "Given a reference text about Gennady Petrovich Lyachin, tell me when he joined the navy and when he was decommissioned.", "context": "Gennady Petrovich Lyachin (Russian: \u0413\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0439 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u044f\u0447\u0438\u043d; 1 January 1955 \u2013 12 August 2000) was a Russian navy officer. He was the commanding officer of the Russian submarine Kursk when the vessel suffered a series of explosions and sank on 12 August 2000.\n\nLyachin was born in Sarpinsky in Volgograd Oblast. He entered the Navy in 1972 and graduated from the Higher Naval School of Submarine Navigation named for Lenin Komsomol in 1977 and was commissioned as an officer. He served as a weapons officer aboard the diesel-electric Juliett class cruise missile submarine K-58. From 1984 to 1986, as Captain 3rd Rank, he served as the executive officer of the K-77, also a Juliett Class. In 1986 he attended Advanced Special Officers' Classes during which time he was promoted to Captain 2nd Rank.\n\nIn October 1988, Lyachin received his first command, the K-304 also a Juliett class. He held this position until the K-304 was decommissioned after the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.\n\nIn April 1991, he was appointed executive officer of a nuclear submarine, the Project 949A Antey class (NATO reporting name Oscar-II) K-119 Voronezh and served aboard through 1996. He and the newly formed crew spent the time between September 1991 and March 1993 undergoing training in Obninsk.\n\nLyachin was promoted to the rank of Captain 1st Rank in 1996 and given command of the Voronezh's sister ship, the ill-fated K-141 Kursk, the very last Project 949A submarine to be completed, which had been commissioned only two years earlier. When the Kursk sank on August 12, 2000, Lyachin perished along with the rest of the 117 crew members.", "response": "Gennady Petrovich Lyachin joined the Navy in 1972 and was decommissioned in 1991 after the fall of the Soviet Union.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "How many cats did Freddie Mercury have?", "context": "", "response": "Freddie Mercury had ten cats.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Walter Koenig played which part in the Star Trek series", "context": "", "response": "Ensign Chekov", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Write critical success factors for a proposal to a company called ABC for an Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) effort", "context": "", "response": "CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS \nThe following factors will be critical to the successful integration of the ABC's Operational \nSupport Systems:\nProject Management \u2013 Strong project management and planning will ensure an \norganized and cohesive solution. Excellent communication, aggressive issue resolution \nmanagement, and planning materials will ensure deadlines are met, objectives remain \nfocused, and costs are managed. The variety of vendors, system and process owners \ninvolved in an EAI effort requires a significant coordination effort to ensure success.\n\nKnowledge of Telecommunications Operational Business Practices \u2013 ABC\nmust employ the services of an experienced Telecommunications consulting company to \nensure business needs are met during the OSS EAI effort. Understanding of ABC \nbusiness needs in implementing this EAI project is critical in ensuring the appropriate \nimplementation strategy and successful rollout of the integration.\n\nEnterprise Application Integration Expertise \u2013 It is critical that the selected vendor \nhave extensive experience in planning, designing, and developing integration \napproaches, architectures, and frameworks to integrate complex Telecommunication \nOSS systems.\n\nKnowledge Transfer \u2013 In order to maintain a consistent level of operation and support, \nit is critical that ABC employees are imparted with the necessary knowledge to \nsuccessfully transition into the primary roles that support their systems and future \nintegration efforts. Documentation, personal attention, and other resources are vital to \nthis knowledge transfer and critical to ABC\u2019s ability to succeed as a growing service \nprovider.", "category": "creative_writing"}
{"instruction": "Extract the reason why was Mark Hunt known as the King of Walk Offs", "context": "Mark Richard Hunt (born 23 March 1974) is a New Zealand former mixed martial artist and kickboxer of Samoan descent, currently living in Sydney, Australia. Hunt competed in the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) until 2018 and was the winner of the 2001 K-1 World Grand Prix. He is known as \"King of Walk-Offs\" due to his popularization of walking away and stopping attacks before the referee officially ends the match.", "response": "Mark Hunt was a mixed martial artist and kickboxer who would walk away and stop his attacks before the referee officially ended the match.", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "Monitor and Merrimac refer to what in the passage?", "context": "Merrimac Butte is a 5,627-foot (1,715-metre) sandstone summit located in Grand County, Utah, United States, about 12 miles northwest of the town of Moab. Merrimac Butte is a thin, 200\u2013600-foot-wide and 1,600-foot-long east-to-west butte with 200-foot-tall vertical Entrada Sandstone walls overlaying a Carmel Formation base.\n\nMonitor Butte is situated immediately east of Merrimac Butte. The two buttes were named after the Monitor and Merrimack, two ironclad steamships known for clashing during the American Civil War. They can be seen from Highway 313 after it climbs out of Sevenmile Canyon en route to the Island in the Sky section of Canyonlands National Park or Dead Horse Point State Park.", "response": "Monitor and Merrimac are two buttes which sit next to one another in Utah, U.S. These names are taken from two ironclad streamships of the American Civil War.", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "Could you write a poem about a standing desk?", "context": "", "response": "The Standing Desk\n\n\nTwo doors down\nStanding in the corner\nLooking out the window \nIs your desk\nBack turned\nWailing at all of us\nWondering why we can\u2019t hear it\nWhispering sometimes with secrets for the room\n\nWhen the door closes, it is particularly loud \nScreaming, screaming mad\nAngry and lonely \nMoaning now for us to find its partner \nGroaning now for why, why, why\nAnd only when it hears the occupants in the room questioning and turning to stare is it mollified \n\nWe unplugged it to keep it quiet\nLeft it tall and high at the position you liked best\nChair tucked neatly under\nGleaming clean and bear, beckoning for the next master \nAnd when everyone is busy \nMeeting our many meetings\nIt hums softly (usually that same song you taught it), seemingly content and happy \n\nPeople enter, come and go\nAnd the Observer watches and waits for a pause \nWanting to insert something weird and funny\nI glare at it when I come in\nIt knows, I know.\nI know, I know! Shhhhhh! \n\u201cWe\u2019re working on it,\u201d I say\nIt raises a brow at me \nI roll my eyes at it and shake my head\n\u201cNot enough!\u201d, it throws at me as I slink out walking backwards \n\nSearching, I stay out of sight\nLooking for its new companion\nSpecs on hand, omissions at the back of my throat\nSomeone smart, yet dumb enough\nSomeone commanding, yet submissive\nSomeone current, yet mature\nSomeone good but not too much \n\u201cSomeone who will stay,\u201d the desk whispers hopefully \n\nI grimace and say: \n\u201cI\u2019ll take someone tall enough for the desk!\u201d\n\nIt taunts and laughs at me\nWhile the memories flood in \nAnd I start to laugh too\nAnd the desk and I share a grin \n\n\u201cNot funny,\u201d I say\nThe desk shrugs and finally stays quiet \n\nOne day, when everyone was gone, I sneak in and stand before it \nPower it up and press the down button so I can rest my elbows on its smooth surface \nAnd I look out the dark window\nIn unison, we share a heavy sigh \nChoked up, I whisper: \u201cA new person will be here soon and I\u2019ll be gone.\nWatch over everyone, will you?\u201d\nThe desk nods quietly, lump in throat \n\nI take an orange sticker and press it gently underneath as a reminder of its promise \nAnd then walk two doors down to add one to my own desk before heading home for the night\nAs the elevator takes me down, the desk scans the empty office, takes a deep breath, and stands at the ready, a white knight brave but trembling, and starts humming your song.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Classify each of the following as either titles by J.K. Rowling or Suzanne Collins: Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone, The Ickabog, Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them, The Cuckoo's Calling, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Catching Fire, Mockingjay, Gregor the Overlander, Year of the Jungle, The Ballad of Songbirds and Snakes", "context": "", "response": "J.K. Rowling: Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone, The Ickabog, Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them, The Cuckoo's Calling, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\nSuzanne Collins: Catching Fire, Mockingjay, Gregor the Overlander, Year of the Jungle, The Ballad of Songbirds and Snakes", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "What is the largest city in Washington state?", "context": "", "response": "Seattle", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Tell me which months have 30 days and which have 31 days, based on this list: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, and December.", "context": "", "response": "Months that have 30 days are: April, June, September and November.\nMonths that have 31 days are: January, March, May, July, August, October and December.", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "List down important points about prisoners and events from the given passage", "context": "The first recorded interment occurred on 13 December 1922. Other burials at the cemetery include forty-four German and seven Italian prisoners of war who died at nearby detention camps during World War II, as well as four allied Chinese pilots. As of July 2022, there are three Medal of Honor recipients and twenty general officers interred at the cemetery", "response": "1. On December 13, 1922, the first known interment took place.\n2. At the nearby detention centre during World War 2, 44 German and 7 Italian prisoners died and were buried there.\n3. Four Chinese pilots are also interred at the cemetery beside these POWs.\n4. Twenty general officers and three Medal of Honor recipients are buried at the cemetery as of July 22.", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "What is the largest or biggest land animal?", "context": "", "response": "The largest or biggest land animal is the African bush elephant. It can reach weights of up to 10000 kgs (or 22000 lbs). However historically there have been dinosaurs that are greater in weight than elephants.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is the current reigning dynasty of Thailand?", "context": "", "response": "The current reigning dynasty of Thailand is Chakri dynasty and the current King of the dynasty is Maha Vajiralongkorn.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What criteria should I be looking at when buying a new motorcycle?", "context": "", "response": "There are a number of criteria you should be looking at:\n- Price: How does it fit in your budget?\n- Engine type: Do you want a traditional combustion engine, or go for an electric one?\n- Number of cylinders: If you go for combustion engine, how many cylinders do you choose? Less cylinders are usually cheaper, make the motorcycle more lightweight and thus easier to maneuver. More cylinders make the engine feel smoother, also have more power, but are heavier and more expensive.\n- Usage: What do you use it for? Just for fun, commuting to work, general transportation? Travel? Offroad? Racing?\n- Assistance systems: Modern motorcycles have a range of assistance systems like ABS, Cruise Control, Distance sensors, electronic driving modes for different weather conditions etc. They can make driving safer , but also add weight and make the bike more expensive. Which ones do you need?  \n- Style: There are different styles like naked bike, cruiser, chopper, dual sport, race bike , scrambler etc. Different styles can be more or less adequate depending on your usage, or you can simply pick the one that appeals to you.\n- Size: The two most important aspects in terms of size are seat height and weight. Both have a huge impact on how well you are in control when not driving, for example when you need to stop at a traffic light or going slowly in stop & go traffic.\nSeat height is important , so your feet can reach the ground when stopping. However the width of the seat and general width dimensions of the bike also play a role here. So two bikes with same seat height might feel very differently. Best is to try it out", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "What are the ten best restaurants in London?", "context": "", "response": "- Behind; Dalston\n- Manteca; Shoreditch\n- Restaurant St. Barts; Smithfield\n- St. John; Farringdon\n- F.K.A.B.A.M; Highbury\n- Sabor; Mayfair\n- Blacklock; Soho\n- Planque; Haggerston\n- Cycene; Shoreditch\n- Brat; Shoreditch", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "Is it a gas, liquid, or solid", "context": "", "response": "Stone, Cloud, oxygen, water, hydrogen, dirt, nitrogen, brick, concrete, lava", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Are plastic bags and containers bad for the environment?", "context": "", "response": "In short, yes.\n\nSurprisingly, though, that has not always been the consensus, and in some cases, it is not true.\n\nIn the 1970s energy crisis, reducing the weight of materials, and increasing the shelf life of goods (which helps with optimizing transportation methods) were widely lauded as environmentally positive. In short, paper bags weigh more than plastic bags, and transportation requires fossil fuels, and of course fossil fuels impact the environment in widely documented ways.\n\nAlso, some plastics like PET have great recycling track records. So if it reduces energy consumption, increases shelf life, and can be recycled it seems like a huge environmental win.\n\nHowever, plastics are very durable, and now micro-plastics are everywhere. They are in the deepest ocean trenches, accumulated in many species of animals and plants, and will be for our lifetimes. Their toxicity and negative impacts are just beginning to be understood. This has driven the removal of \"single use plastics\" from a lot of commerce, with further reductions called for by environmental groups worldwide.", "category": "creative_writing"}
{"instruction": "What are five totally distinct, creative ways to describe the usefulness of an idle mind?", "context": "", "response": "1. An idle mind is like a garden waiting to be planted with the seeds of creative ideas.\n2. An idle mind is like a blank canvas waiting to be filled with fresh and original thoughts.\n3. An idle mind is like a time machine that can transport us to a different world of possibilities.\n4. An idle mind is like a treasure chest full of hidden riches waiting to be unearthed.\n5. An idle mind is like a garden hose that can irrigate us with ideas and solutions.", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "What is an actuary?", "context": "", "response": "An actuary is a specialist in the valuation of the financial impact of risk and uncertainty. They apply statistical techniques and expert industry knowledge. Actuaries usually work in the insurance and banking industries.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Tell me wether these are cities, or states? IL, chicago, Texas, Fremont, Washington, Washington DC, san jose, bay area", "context": "", "response": "Washington DC, Chicago, Freemont, San jose are cities, and IL, Texas, Washington are US states. Bay area is neither a state nor a city. It is referring to the area in northern CA which consists of multiple cities.", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Sabar, Sharud", "context": "", "response": "Sharud is string, Sabar is percussion.", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "What is the fastest car?", "context": "", "response": "In 2017, the Koenigsegg Agera RS reached a top speed of 447.19 km/h (277.87 mph).", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "When is India's independence day?", "context": "", "response": "India celebrates her independence day on the 15th day of August every year. The prime minister hoists the national flag at red fort and gives a speech to the nation.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Who won the 63rd staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship?", "context": "On 29 September 1957, Claughaun won the championship after a 7-07 to 3-02 defeat of St. Patrick's in the final.", "response": "The 1957 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 63rd staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887.\n\nCappamore were the defending champions, however, they were defeated by St. Patrick's.\n\nOn 29 September 1957, Claughaun won the championship after a 7-07 to 3-02 defeat of St. Patrick's in the final. It was their sixth championship title overall and their first championship title since 1926.", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "Give me a list of 10 different SciFi movies and which year they were released", "context": "", "response": "Independence Day (1999)\nDune (2021)\nSolaris (2002)\nInception (2010)\nGattaca (1997)\nJurassic Park (1993)\nAI Artificial Intelligence (2001)\nThe Matrix (1999)\nThe Terminator (1994)\nStar Wars (1977)", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "When did Hungary gain its independence?", "context": "", "response": "Hungary declared independence on October 17, 1918 and officially formed its government on November 1 of that year.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Why do people enjoy surfing", "context": "", "response": "Surfing is enjoyable because it connects you with the ocean and can often be seen as therapeutic. Additionally surfing can often be a great form of exercise which helps maintain a healthy lifestyle. Lastly, surfing is done in the ocean and typically near a beach. People enjoy the atmosphere and joy the beach brings.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is the English Premier League?", "context": "", "response": "The English Premier League is the top flight of men\u2019s football in England. The 38 match season extends from August to May, during which each of 20 teams play a home and away match against each of the other teams. A win earns a team 3 points, a draw is 1 point, and a loss is 0 points. The team with the most points at the end of the season wins. Unlike American sports, there are no playoffs to determine a champion. The 3 teams with the least points are relegated to the second level of English football, The Championship. To fill those spots in the next season, the top 3 teams from The Championship are promoted to the Premier League.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Who is the 'sole Survivor' on the TV Show Survivor?", "context": "Survivor is a reality-competition television franchise produced in many countries around the world. The show features a group of contestants deliberately marooned in an isolated location, where they must provide basic survival necessities for themselves. The contestants compete in challenges for rewards and immunity from elimination. The contestants are progressively eliminated from the game as they are voted out by their fellow contestants until only one remains to be awarded the grand prize and named the \"Sole Survivor\".", "response": "The contestants are progressively eliminated from the game as they are voted out by their fellow contestants until only one remains to be awarded the grand prize and named the \"Sole Survivor\".", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "Why do companies play dividends?", "context": "", "response": "Companies will pay dividends out of their after tax earnings. It's generally done to signal to shareholders that the balance sheet is strong and that growth is expected without the need to reinvest all free cashflow back into the business.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Which major league baseball season is considered Sid Gordon's breakout year?", "context": "In 1948 Gordon was 3rd in the National League in slugging percentage (.537), 4th in RBIs (107), 5th in home runs (30; a career high) and at-bats per home run (17.4), 6th in runs (100; a career high) and total bases (280), 8th in batting average (.299), 9th in walks (74) and OBP (.390), and 10th in stolen bases (8). He was voted onto the All-Star team for his first time. The Giants held \"Sid Gordon Day\" at the Polo Grounds, and he received a new car, golf clubs, and a set of luggage. July 3 was also dubbed \"Sid Gordon Day\" at Ebbets Field, marking a rare honor for a visiting player. He finished 4th in voting for the 1948 National League MVP.", "response": "Sid Gordon during his second stint with the New York Giants in 1948 had one of the best all around hitting performance seasons in mayor league baseball history.   Gordon finished in the top ten in ten National League offensive performance statistics including third in slugging percentage (.537), 4th in RBIs (107), 5th in home runs (30; a career high) and at-bats per home run (17.4), 6th in runs (100; a career high) and total bases (280), 8th in batting average (.299), 9th in walks (74) and OBP (.390), and 10th in stolen bases (8).  Sid Gordon was also voted to the all-star team and finished 4th in voting for the National League   most valuable player (MVP) award.", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "Classify the cities based on whether they are located in Eritrea or Gabon.\nKeren, Franceville, Asmara, Port-Gentil, Assab, Libreville", "context": "", "response": "Eritrea - Asmara, Keren, Assab\nGabon - Libreville, Port-Gentil, Franceville", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "What is Depreciation", "context": "", "response": "Depreciation is the drop in value of an asset due to wear and tear, age and obsolescence (going out of date) as recorded in an organization's financial records.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Give me a list of the last five \"Best New Artist\" Grammy winners.", "context": "", "response": "1. Samara Joy, 2023\n2. Olivia Rodrigo, 2022\n3. Megan Thee Stallion, 2021\n4. Billie Eilish, 2020\n5. Dua Lipa, 2019", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "In a bingo game, which number is represented by the phrase \u201ctwo little ducks\u201d?", "context": "", "response": "22", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is knitting?", "context": "", "response": "Knitting is a craft process of working yarn in interlocking loops (called knit stitches and purl stitches) to create fabric items such as socks, scarves, blankets, hats, etc. Knitted items can be hand crafted or created on a knitting machine.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Please summarize the timeline of the Chinese Exclusion Act.", "context": "The Chinese Exclusion Act was a United States federal law signed by President Chester A. Arthur on May 6, 1882, prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers for 10 years. The law excluded merchants, teachers, students, travelers, and diplomats. The Chinese Exclusion Act was the first and only major U.S. law ever implemented to prevent all members of a specific national group from immigrating to the United States.\n\nPassage of the law was preceded by growing anti-Chinese sentiment and anti-Chinese violence, as well as various policies targeting Chinese migrants. The act followed the Angell Treaty of 1880, a set of revisions to the U.S.\u2013China Burlingame Treaty of 1868 that allowed the U.S. to suspend Chinese immigration. The act was initially intended to last for 10 years, but was renewed and strengthened in 1892 with the Geary Act and made permanent in 1902. These laws attempted to stop all Chinese immigration into the United States for ten years, with exceptions for diplomats, teachers, students, merchants, and travelers. They were widely evaded.\n\nThe law remained in force until the passage of the Magnuson Act in 1943, which repealed the exclusion and allowed 105 Chinese immigrants to enter the United States each year. Chinese immigration later increased with the passage of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, which abolished direct racial barriers, and later by the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, which abolished the National Origins Formula.", "response": "The Chinese Exclusion Act was signed on May 6, 1882. The act was initially intended to last for 10 years, but was renewed and strengthened in 1892 with the Geary Act and made permanent in 1902. The law remained in force until the passage of the Magnuson Act in 1943, which repealed the exclusion.", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "What are some foods to cook to celebrate St. Patrick's Day?", "context": "", "response": "Most people in Ireland and elsewhere like to celebrate St. Patrick's Day with traditional (or regionally adapted) Irish foods. These can include things like: corned beef and cabbage, potatoes, scotched eggs, shoulder bacon, soda bread, shepard's pie, beef stew, corned beef hash, colcannon.", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "Which is longest road or highway or motorway in the world", "context": "This article lists the world's longest road routes that are either officially numbered or otherwise known under a single name. Some of the roads may still be partially planned or under construction.\n\nPan-American Highway\t30,000 km (19,000 mi)\tAmericas\tPrudhoe Bay, Alaska, United States United States\tPuerto Montt or Quell\u00f3n, Chile Chile or Ushuaia, Argentina Argentina\tLongest road according to the Guinness Book of Records.\nIncomplete at the Dari\u00e9n Gap, causing the northern and southern segments to be actually long about 11,500 and 9,600 km.", "response": "the longest road in the world is in Americas. The longest road is a highway called Pan American highway. It spans 30000 Kilometers or 19000 miles. It starts from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska in United states and ends at Puerto Montt or Quell\u00f3n, Chile Chile or Ushuaia, Argentina Argentina\n\nThe pan american highway is registered as longest road in the world in guiness book of world records \n\nThere are also other categories of longest road in the worlds like Asian highway which starts in Kap\u0131kule, Turkey and ends in Tokyo, Japan. Asian highway is longest uninterrupted highway in the world. Length of the asian highway is 20557 Kilometers or 12774 miles\n\nLongest road within the single country is in Australia. The name of the road is Highway 1. This is loop road and legnth of the highway is 14500 Kilometers or 9000 miles", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is Jenkins?", "context": "", "response": "Jenkins is an open source automation server. It helps automate the parts of software development related to building, testing, and deploying, facilitating continuous integration and continuous delivery.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What are common swimming strokes?", "context": "", "response": "The most common swimming strokes include the four strokes used in competition: freestyle (sometimes referred to as \"the crawl\"), breast stroke, back stroke and butterfly. In addition, some people swim using a side stroke or a doggy paddle (which looks a lot like the stroke dogs use when swimming).", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "Give me a bullet list of some popular dashboard and visualisation tools", "context": "", "response": "- Microsoft Power BI. It integrates very well with Microsoft office ecosystem and simple to use and get started\n- Tableau. Although having the same value proposition as that of Power BI, analysts generally prefer it when they need to create powerful and complex dashboards. Like Power Bi, it also supports tons of data connectors.\n- Metabase. It is an open-source BI and data visualization tool which is good for getting your team started with a baseline dashboard layer.\n- Datapad. This tool recently started to gain popularity for KPI dashboards. Thanks to its mobile-first KPI dashboard, it is ideal for small to medium enterprises and a lot of solopreneurs uses it to manage their business KPIs.", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "What do you think about the existence of alien lifeform?", "context": "", "response": "Despite there is no direct evidence to support the existence of aliens, we human beings still put effort into finding them. Given the human nature I can see 3 outcomes. One is we eventually find one. Another is we continue searching until the end of humanity.Last one is we somehow prove we are the only life form in the universe. Yet either result is the final step. What would we do if we did find aliens? What would we do if we exhausted all methods yet still no results? What if there are things just not perceivable to human beings? I guess what matters is not the final result, but the progress and efforts we put into it. Given the universe is so huge, what else would you wanna search for?", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Was the Pixie Lott song \"Mama Do\" ever the #1 single?", "context": "\"Mama Do (Uh Oh, Uh Oh)\" debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart, selling 58,840 downloads in its first week. Lott described her reaction upon learning the song reached number one: \"I was in bed at my mum and dad's, where I still live, in Brentwood, Essex. I was on the laptop, and I got a phone call from my A&R man. He really dragged it out. I said, 'Please put me out of my misery.' And he said, 'I'm really, really sorry but... you're No 1!' I spent the rest of the day running around the house, screaming.\"\n\nThe single was certified silver by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) on 28 August 2009 for sales in excess of 200,000 copies. Exactly 11 years later, on 28 August 2020, the certification was upgraded to gold for sales and streams of over 400,000. As a result of the single's popularity at the time, the single's iTunes B-side, \"Use Somebody\", debuted and peaked, during the single's release week, on the UK Singles Chart at number 52 on sales of 4,409 downloads.\n\nThe single also had considerable success outside the UK, reaching the top 10 in Denmark and France, and the top 20 in Ireland, Netherlands and New Zealand.", "response": "\"Mama Do\" debuted at #1 on the UK Singles Chart in its first week and also was successful outside the UK, appearing in the Top 10 in Denmark and France and the Top 20 in Ireland, the Netherlands, and New Zealand. The British Phonographic Industry certified it as Silver the same year it was released and upgraded the certification to Gold eleven years later.", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "What language is HP GL", "context": "", "response": "HP-GL, short for Hewlett-Packard Graphics Language and often written as HPGL, is a printer control language created by Hewlett-Packard (HP). HP-GL was the primary printer control language used by HP plotters. It was introduced with the plotter HP-8972 in 1977 and became a standard for almost all plotters. Hewlett-Packard's printers also usually support HP-GL/2 in addition to PCL.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Classify each of the following animals as being domesticated or wild: dog, bear, dolphin, cat, cow, hippo, rhino", "context": "", "response": "Dog: Domesticated\nBear: Wild\nDolphin: Wild\nCat: Domesticated\nCow: Domesticated\nHippo: Wild\nRhino: Wild", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "How do I optimize my Kafka consumption in Spark for low latency?", "context": "", "response": "You can tune the batch size and processing time to ensure that your Spark job can keep up with the data volume and maintain low latency.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Tell me about the football career of Adao", "context": "Carlos Manuel Pereira Pinto (born 3 April 1960), commonly known as Ad\u00e3o, is a Portuguese former footballer who played as a central midfielder.\n\nClub career\nBorn in Chaves, Vila Real District, Ad\u00e3o started his career with hometown club G.D. Chaves, moving to the Primeira Liga in 1980 with Varzim SC. He appeared in only eight games in his first season, which ended in relegation, but helped with 27 and three goals to an immediate promotion.\n\nIn summer 1985, Ad\u00e3o joined Vit\u00f3ria de Guimar\u00e3es. In his second year he played 30 matches as starter and scored twice \u2013 including once in 1\u20130 away win over S.C. Braga in the Minho derby \u2013 as his team finished in third position.\n\nAd\u00e3o signed with C.F. Os Belenenses for 1988\u201389. On 12 October 1988, in that campaign's UEFA Cup, he scored the game's only goal at home against Bayer 04 Leverkusen, as the Lisbon side ousted the title holders 2\u20130 on aggregate. Later in the season he also appeared in the final of the Portuguese Cup, won after beating S.L. Benfica.\n\nAged 30, Ad\u00e3o moved to F.C. Penafiel, spending his last three years (of five overall) in the second division. Over the course of 11 seasons, he amassed top-tier totals of 279 games and 16 goals.", "response": "Carlos Manuel Pereira Pinto (born 3 April 1960), commonly known as Adao, is a Portuguese former footballer who played as a central midfielder.\n\nBorn in Chaves, Vila Real District, Adao started his career with hometown club G.D. Chaves, moving to the Primeira Liga in 1980 with Varzim SC. He appeared in only eight games in his first season, which ended in relegation, but helped with 27 and three goals to an immediate promotion.\n\nIn summer 1985, Adao joined Vitoria de Guimaraes. In his second year he played 30 matches as starter and scored twice \u2013 including once in 1\u20130 away win over S.C. Braga in the Minho derby \u2013 as his team finished in third position.\n\nAdao signed with C.F. Os Belenenses for 1988\u201389. On 12 October 1988, in that campaign's UEFA Cup, he scored the game's only goal at home against Bayer 04 Leverkusen, as the Lisbon side ousted the title holders 2\u20130 on aggregate. Later in the season he also appeared in the final of the Portuguese Cup, won after beating S.L. Benfica.\n\nAged 30, Adao moved to F.C. Penafiel, spending his last three years (of five overall) in the second division. Over the course of 11 seasons, he amassed top-tier totals of 279 games and 16 goals.", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "How can I learn to snowboard?", "context": "", "response": "Buying or renting a snowboard, snowboard boots, bindings, snowboard pants, and jacket at your favorite snowboard shop is the first step. Next, check the snow conditions and availability of lessons at the ski resort of your choice. Lift tickets and lessons can be purchased for the day online.  Lastly, drive to the ski resort with your gear, and register to find your snowboard instructor, who will start with lesson basics on how to strap in, stand, stop, and carve your snowboard.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Write a brief passage arguing for mandating Electric Vehicles (EVs) over gas combustion vehicles in the United States.", "context": "", "response": "Electric Vehicles (EVs) provide several key benefits to the United States over Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles. Firstly, EVs are powered strictly by electricity, which can be produced by renewable methods such as solar or wind power. Secondly, EVs produce significantly less greenhouse gases than ICEs, which will help reduce our carbon footprint and help improve the effects of climate change. Thirdly, EVs are safer and require less maintenance than ICEs, as there is no engine and less moving parts, and there is not a flammable fuel in the vehicle.", "category": "creative_writing"}
{"instruction": "From the passage provided, extract the low end in Celsius of the optimal coffee extraction temperature range.", "context": "Coffee beans must be ground and brewed to create a beverage. The criteria for choosing a method include flavor and economy. Almost all methods of preparing coffee require that the beans be ground and then mixed with hot water long enough to allow the flavor to emerge but not so long as to draw out bitter compounds. The liquid can be consumed after the spent grounds are removed. Brewing considerations include the fineness of the grind, how the water is used to extract the flavor, the ratio of coffee grounds to water (the brew ratio), additional flavorings such as sugar, milk, and spices, and the technique to be used to separate spent grounds. Optimal coffee extraction occurs between 91 and 96 \u00b0C (196 and 205 \u00b0F). Ideal holding temperatures range from 85 to 88 \u00b0C (185 to 190 \u00b0F) to as high as 93 \u00b0C (199 \u00b0F) and the ideal serving temperature is 68 to 79 \u00b0C (154 to 174 \u00b0F).", "response": "The low end of the optimal coffee extraction temperature range is 91 \u00b0C.", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "Tell me if these drinks are alcoholic or not: Coca-Cola, Mountain Dew, Budweiser, Rum, Vodka, Tomato Juice, Orange Juice, Sprite, Tequila, Margarita", "context": "", "response": "Budweiser, Rum, Vodka, Tequila and Margarita are alcoholic beverages", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Given this paragraph about WWII, how many fatalities happened?", "context": "World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world's countries, including all of the great powers, fought as part of two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. Many participants threw their economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind this total war, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and the delivery of the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war.\n\nWorld War II was by far the deadliest conflict in history; it resulted in an estimated 70 to 85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvation, massacres, and disease. In the wake of the Axis defeat, Germany and Japan were occupied, and war crimes tribunals were conducted against German and Japanese leaders.\n\nThe causes of World War II are debated, but contributing factors included the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, Spanish Civil War, Second Sino-Japanese War, Soviet\u2013Japanese border conflicts, the rise of fascism in Europe, and European tensions in the aftermath of World War I. World War II is generally considered to have begun on 1 September 1939, when Nazi Germany, under Adolf Hitler, invaded Poland. The United Kingdom and France subsequently declared war on Germany on 3 September. Under the Molotov\u2013Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union had partitioned Poland and marked out their \"spheres of influence\" across Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Romania. From late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, in a military alliance with Italy, Japan and other countries called the Axis. Following the onset of campaigns in North Africa and East Africa, and the fall of France in mid-1940, the war continued primarily between the European Axis powers and the British Empire, with war in the Balkans, the aerial Battle of Britain, the Blitz of the United Kingdom, and the Battle of the Atlantic. On 22 June 1941, Germany led the European Axis powers in an invasion of the Soviet Union, opening the Eastern Front, the largest land theatre of war in history.", "response": "World War II lasted from 1939 to 1945 and was by far the deadliest conflict in history. It is estimated that there were 70-85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides, starvation, assacres, and disease.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "How to play a forehead in tennis", "context": "", "response": "Let's assume you are an adult and a right-hand player:\n\nFirst, you do split steps, hold the racket with your left hand and put your right hand below your left hand on the racket\nSecond, when the ball just left the racket of your opponent, you rotate yourself so your body faces the right side of the court. Keep looking at the ball and your body steady in the process. You should bend your legs a little bit to lower your center of gravity.\nYou should find your racket on the right side of your body, now hold it loosely with your right hand using a semi-western grip, release your left hand and move it in the direction of the incoming ball. At the same time, step out using your left leg so the distance between your legs is a little bit wider than your shoulders, and keep your center of gravity on your right leg.\nNow the ball starts to bounce and reach its highest point, you are going to hit the ball. You push your right foot to the ground and move your body weight from bottom to front, lower the racket head, and turn your pelvis from right to left at the same time. All of these powers combine into the force toward the front and your right-hand uses it to pull your racket from back to front and hit the ball right at the sweet point of your racket, keep pushing the racket until it reaches a limit where you cannot push any more and then release your racket and let the racket\u2018s inertia lead you from right to left. You should keep turning your body from right to left as well as moving your body weight from back to front until you body is fully facing your opponent and your body weight stands on the front of your left foot. Your shoulder will touch your chin if you do it right. your racket will be on the left side of your body without your control.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Which of the companies in this list are social media platforms: Twitter, Amazon, Instagram, Square, Venmo, Tiktok, Apple.", "context": "", "response": "In this list, Twitter, Instagram, and Tiktok are social media platforms.", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "what is the current location of Voyager 1 spacecraft in the cosmos?", "context": "", "response": "As of the moment when this question was asked, Voyager 1 is 14,798,213,369 miles away from the earth, 14,825,446,288 miles away from the sun. It takes approximately 22 hours for the light to travel in one way direction from Voyager 1 to the planet earth.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Give me 5 ways to use a ripe avocado", "context": "", "response": "1. Avocado toast (if you\u2019re feeling adventurous, add garlic oil and pepper and use sourdough bread)\n2. Guacamole (possible additives include: garlic, salt, red onions, tomatoes and lime juice) \n3. Diced on your favorite taco \n4. Blended in a smoothie (you can also freeze avocado cubes and add to smoothies later)\n5. Cubed or sliced with a little salt and pepper on a pretzel cracker", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "List the ten episode titles from the sixth season of \"Game of Thrones\" in broadcast order.", "context": "", "response": "The Red Woman, Home, Oathbreaker, Book of the Stranger, The Door, Blood of My Blood, The Broken Man, No One, Battle of the Bastards, The Winds of Winter", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is the largest airline in the world ?", "context": "", "response": "The largest airlines in the world can be defined in several ways. As of 2022, Delta Air Lines is the largest by revenue, assets value and market capitalization, China Southern Air Holding by passengers carried, American Airlines Group by revenue passenger mile, fleet size, numbers of employees and destinations served, FedEx Express by freight tonne-kilometers, Ryanair by number of routes, Turkish Airlines by number of countries served.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Name 5 popular musicians", "context": "", "response": "Taylor Swift, Vance Joy, The Script, Coldplay, Lady Gaga", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "From this summary, list three ways in which artificial intelligence systems show behavior misaligned human values, covered by Brian Christian in the three sections of his book \"The Alignment Problem\"?", "context": "The book is divided into three sections: Prophecy, Agency, and Normativity. Each section covers researchers and engineers working on different challenges in the alignment of artificial intelligence with human values.\n\nProphecy\nIn the first section, Christian interweaves discussions of the history of artificial intelligence research, particularly the machine learning approach of artificial neural networks such as the Perceptron and AlexNet, with examples of how AI systems can have unintended behavior. He tells the story of Julia Angwin, a journalist whose ProPublica investigation of the COMPAS algorithm, a tool for predicting recidivism among criminal defendants, led to widespread criticism of its accuracy and bias towards certain demographics. One of AI's main alignment challenges is its black box nature (inputs and outputs are identifiable but the transformation process in between is undetermined). The lack of transparency makes it difficult to know where the system is going right and where it is going wrong.\n\nAgency\nIn the second section, Christian similarly interweaves the history of the psychological study of reward, such as behaviorism and dopamine, with the computer science of reinforcement learning, in which AI systems need to develop policy (\"what to do\") in the face of a value function (\"what rewards or punishment to expect\"). He calls the DeepMind AlphaGo and AlphaZero systems \"perhaps the single most impressive achievement in automated curriculum design.\" He also highlights the importance of curiosity, in which reinforcement learners are intrinsically motivated to explore their environment, rather than exclusively seeking the external reward.\n\nNormativity\nThe third section covers training AI through the imitation of human or machine behavior, as well as philosophical debates such as between possibilism and actualism that imply different ideal behavior for AI systems. Of particular importance is inverse reinforcement learning, a broad approach for machines to learn the objective function of a human or another agent. Christian discusses the normative challenges associated with effective altruism and existential risk, including the work of philosophers Toby Ord and William MacAskill who are trying to devise human and machine strategies for navigating the alignment problem as effectively as possible.", "response": "In the first section, Prophecy, the author talks about predictive models making decisions that are difficult to examine and may become discriminative or unfair.\n\nIn the second section, Agency, about reinforcement learning systems, despite some remarkable achievements, are guided nearly exclusively by their objective function, not so much by curiosity to discover the world.\n\nIn the third section, Normativity, inverse reinforcement learning techniques face the challenge of figuring out the objective function of humans.", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "How big is the universe?", "context": "", "response": "While the entire size of the universe is unknown, scientists have estimated that the universe is approximately 93 billion light-years in diameter.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Is it a good idea to have a protein shake after a gym workout? How do I make one?", "context": "", "response": "Most health professionals agree that consuming extra protein with strength training is helpful. Some experts recommend one gram of protein per pound of body weight over the entire day, though there are a variety of studies on the subject with differing recommendations. The recent consensus view is a post-workout recovery meal is a good idea, typically within 30 minutes to two hours of completing strength training. A mix of carbohydrates and protein is recommended. \n\nTo make one for yourself:\n1. Get a good protein source, typically a protein powder. Casein and Whey proteins are popular choices. \n2. Add the protein powder to a shaker. Some are small and handheld; other models use electricity. \n3. Following the instructions on the protein powder, add water or milk. Typically, 4 to 8 oz of liquid for one scoop (30g) of powder. \n4. Optionally add your favorite fruits, such as bananas or strawberries.\n5. Shake things together for around a minute. \n\nEnjoy, but be sure to vary your protein sources as a part of a healthy and balanced diet!", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "To which countries have The Netherlands borders with.", "context": "The Netherlands (Dutch: Nederland [\u02c8ne\u02d0d\u0259rl\u0251nt] (listen)), informally Holland, is a country located in northwestern Europe with overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The Netherlands consists of twelve provinces; it borders Germany to the east, and Belgium to the south, with a North Sea coastline to the north and west. It shares maritime borders with the United Kingdom, Germany and Belgium in the North Sea. The country's official language is Dutch, with West Frisian as a secondary official language in the province of Friesland. Dutch, English and Papiamento are official in the Caribbean territories.\n\nThe four largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague and Utrecht. Amsterdam is the country's most populous city and the nominal capital. The Hague holds the seat of the States General, Cabinet and Supreme Court. The Port of Rotterdam is the busiest seaport in Europe. Schiphol is the busiest airport in the Netherlands, and the third busiest in Europe. The Netherlands is a founding member of the European Union, Eurozone, G10, NATO, OECD, and WTO, as well as a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union. It hosts several intergovernmental organisations and international courts, many of which are centred in The Hague.\n\nNetherlands literally means \"lower countries\" in reference to its low elevation and flat topography, with nearly 26% falling below sea level. Most of the areas below sea level, known as polders, are the result of land reclamation that began in the 14th century. In the Republican period, which began in 1588, the Netherlands entered a unique era of political, economic, and cultural greatness, ranked among the most powerful and influential in Europe and the world; this period is known as the Dutch Golden Age. During this time, its trading companies, the Dutch East India Company and the Dutch West India Company, established colonies and trading posts all over the world.\n\nWith a population of 17.8 million people, all living within a total area of 41,850 km2 (16,160 sq mi)\u2014of which the land area is 33,500 km2 (12,900 sq mi)\u2014the Netherlands is the 16th most densely populated country in the world and the second-most densely populated country in the European Union, with a density of 531 people per square kilometre (1,380 people/sq mi). Nevertheless, it is the world's second-largest exporter of food and agricultural products by value, owing to its fertile soil, mild climate, intensive agriculture, and inventiveness.\n\nThe Netherlands has been a parliamentary constitutional monarchy with a unitary structure since 1848. The country has a tradition of pillarisation and a long record of social tolerance, having legalised abortion, prostitution and euthanasia, along with maintaining a liberal drug policy. The Netherlands allowed women's suffrage in 1919 and was the first country to legalise same-sex marriage in 2001. Its mixed-market advanced economy has the thirteenth-highest per capita income globally.", "response": "The Netherlands borders Germany to the east, and Belgium to the south, with a North Sea coastline to the north and west. It shares maritime borders with the United Kingdom, Germany and Belgium in the North Sea.", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "What are some plastic use reduction ideas", "context": "", "response": "Plastic is a pollutant that won't easily degrade. However; its versatility can't be dismissed and its not easy to get away from its usage in our day to day lives. We can however optimize and reduce the usage. \n1) Invest in a solid reusable grocery bag made out of non plastic material\n2) If you don't have your own reusable grocery bag please insist your grocery store to bag your groceries in paper bags\n3) This may be a surprise to you but the inner lining of canned beverages is plastic. So getting canned beverages may not be a 100% plastic free experience it's a much effective one than having the same beverage in a plastic bottle\n4)  Offices can install filter based water machines rather than storing plastic water bottles.\n5) Invest in a reusable water jug or water bottle to avoid use and throw plastic water bottles", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "What is guitar amp modeling?", "context": "", "response": "Guitar amp modeling is a digital technology for reproducing the sound and feel of playing guitar through physical amplifiers.  This technology may be embodied in a piece of outboard gear, or as a software plugin for a digital audio workstation.  In recent years, guitar amp modeling has advanced to the point of being difficult to discern by ear from the sound of the amplifiers being modeled.  Some brands associated with advanced guitar amp modeling include Line 6, Fractal Audio, and Neural DSP.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Classify each of the following as \"heavy\" or \"light\": elephant, feather, hippo, paper, whale", "context": "", "response": "Elephant: Heavy\nFeather: Light\nHippo: Heavy\nPaper: Light\nWhale: Heavy", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Where should I live in Indiana?", "context": "", "response": "There are many great places to live in Indiana. It depends on what is most important to you. If living near a body of water is important to you, you may want to look in northern Indiana near many lakes and Lake Michigan. If great schools are important to you, you might want to look at Zionsville, Indiana. This city has the best public school system in the state. Lastly, if you want to live near a college campus, you might enjoy a town like Bloomington or West Lafayette to be near Indiana University or Purdue University, respectively.", "category": "creative_writing"}
{"instruction": "Who was Cleopatra's first husband", "context": "", "response": "Ptolemy Dionysus \u2013 her brother", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is the difference between a bass guitar and a normal guitar?`", "context": "", "response": "A bass guitar typically has four strings which are tuned to G, D, A and E in the standard tuning. A standard guitar, on the other hand, has six strings which are tuned to E, B, G, D, A and E in the standard tuning.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "How is data engineering different from data science?", "context": "", "response": "Data Engineering occurs before data science in the data lifecycle. Data can be generated from various sources and this raw data may be structured, semi structured or even unstructured. To make sense of this data, data has to be ingested and transformed. This is when data engineering comes into picture. Data engineering includes the process of extracting the raw data, ingesting data into a system like a data lake, transforming the data for business needs and finally loading it into a table. This is commonly known as ELT (Extract-Load-Transform). ETL (Extract-Transform-Load) is also possible where transformation happens before the loading stage.\nData Science and Analytics is the next step in the data lifecycle. Once the data needed for specific business need is available, data scientists use this data to run machine learning models to find the most accurate model. This data is available to the data scientists in the form of tables. Data analysts also use this data to do some exploratory analysis and create dashboards. \nIn essence, the data lifecycle would look as follows:\nRaw data from different sources -> Data Engineering -> Data Science and Analytics", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Who was Paramahansa Yogananda?", "context": "Paramahansa Yogananda (born Mukunda Lal Ghosh; January 5, 1893 \u2013 March 7, 1952) was an Indian Hindu monk, yogi and guru who introduced millions to the teachings of meditation and Kriya Yoga through his organization Self-Realization Fellowship (SRF) / Yogoda Satsanga Society (YSS) of India, and who lived his last 32 years in America. A chief disciple of the Bengali yoga guru Swami Sri Yukteswar Giri, he was sent by his lineage to spread the teachings of yoga to the West, to prove the unity between Eastern and Western religions and to preach a balance between Western material growth and Indian spirituality. His long-standing influence in the American yoga movement, and especially the yoga culture of Los Angeles, led him to be considered by yoga experts as the \"Father of Yoga in the West.\"", "response": "Paramahansa Yogananda was an Indian Hindu monk who introduced large populations of people to the meditation and Kriya Yoga. He organized Self-Realization Fellowship (SRF) / Yogoda Satsanga Society (YSS) of India and was sent by his Guru Swami Sri Yukteswar Giri to the United States to speak the knowledge of Yoga to the West. He was known as  \"Father of Yoga in the West.\"", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "Based on the text below, please summarise in a few lines", "context": "Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a field at the centre of which is a 22-yard (20-metre) pitch with a wicket at each end, each comprising two bails balanced on three stumps. The batting side scores runs by striking the ball bowled at one of the wickets with the bat and then running between the wickets, while the bowling and fielding side tries to prevent this (by preventing the ball from leaving the field, and getting the ball to either wicket) and dismiss each batter (so they are \"out\"). Means of dismissal include being bowled, when the ball hits the stumps and dislodges the bails, and by the fielding side either catching the ball after it is hit by the bat, but before it hits the ground, or hitting a wicket with the ball before a batter can cross the crease in front of the wicket. When ten batters have been dismissed, the innings ends and the teams swap roles. The game is adjudicated by two umpires, aided by a third umpire and match referee in international matches. They communicate with two off-field scorers who record the match's statistical information.\n\nForms of cricket range from Twenty20, with each team batting for a single innings of 20 overs (each \"over\" being a set of 6 fair opportunities for the batting team to score) and the game generally lasting three hours, to Test matches played over five days. Traditionally cricketers play in all-white kit, but in limited overs cricket they wear club or team colours. In addition to the basic kit, some players wear protective gear to prevent injury caused by the ball, which is a hard, solid spheroid made of compressed leather with a slightly raised sewn seam enclosing a cork core layered with tightly wound string.", "response": "Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams with\u00a0eleven players each. The game is played in a field with a pitch at the center with wickets at either end. There is a batting team and a bowling team. The game is adjudicated by two on-field umpires, a third umpire, and a referee. There are various forms of the game, starting from Twenty20, which generally lasts up to 3 hours to test cricket, played\u00a0over 5 days.", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "What was Freddie Mercury's real name?", "context": "", "response": "Farrokh Bulsara", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Who were the major players in the Watergate conspiracy?", "context": "The Watergate scandal was a major political scandal in the United States involving the administration of President Richard Nixon from 1972 to 1974 that led to Nixon's resignation. The scandal stemmed from the Nixon administration's persistent attempts to cover up its involvement in the June 17, 1972 break-in of the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Washington, D.C., Watergate Office Building.", "response": "The list begins with the President of the United States, Richard Nixon. John Dean served as the Counsel to the President, and was a lead witness whose testimony blew the case wide open, naming many top presidential aides as being closely involved. H.R. Haldeman, John Ehrlichman, and John Mitchell were all senior members of the administration who resigned in disgraced and were convicted. Howard Hunt and G. Gordon Liddy played major roles in the Watergate break-in. \n\nA major figure in the conspiracy was Daniel Ellsberg, but not for any wrongdoing. Rather, he was a target of the Nixon White House, and an attempted burglary of his psychiatrist's office was just one of the illegal acts that the White House covered up.", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "Which of Shakespeare\u2019s plays is the longest?", "context": "", "response": "Hamlet.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What are some ways to care for a new tree", "context": "", "response": "There are many ways to care for a young tree to ensure its future health and success.  Some ways you may want to care for a young tree include:\n - Frequent watering.  The amount of water and frequency will vary depending on the tree and climate but frequent, deep watering is essential for early development.\n - Nutrients.  Fertilizers may aid in the early stages.  Be sure to read the manufacturers label and instructions before application.\n - Mulch.  Applying mulch to the base of the tree aids in weeds suppression and moisture retention. \n - Remove nearby weeds/plants.  Weeds and plants can provide competition to your tree for important resources.  Remove any near the root system of your tree.\n\nThese are just some ways you can ensure a healthy start to your tree!", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "From the passage provided, extract the programming languages supported by Flink. Separate them with a comma.", "context": "Flink provides a high-throughput, low-latency streaming engine as well as support for event-time processing and state management. Flink applications are fault-tolerant in the event of machine failure and support exactly-once semantics. Programs can be written in Java, Scala, Python, and SQL and are automatically compiled and optimized into dataflow programs that are executed in a cluster or cloud environment.", "response": "Java, Scala, Python, SQL", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "Can you recommend 3 diverse National Parks in California worth a visit?", "context": "", "response": "California is home to several top tier National Parks. Yosemite would be at top of many lists for its natural beauty, including granite formations like Half Dome and El Capitan, lofty waterfalls like Yosemite and Bridalveil and distinctive landscapes like Tuolumne Meadows and the Mariposa Grove of giant sequoias. Lassen National Park is hidden gem in the northeast corner of the state. One can day hike to the top of the namesake volcano and explore active signs of vulcanism such as the fumaroles and mudpots of Bumpass Hell. Joshua Tree National Park, in the southeast part of the state, is fairly distinct from both Yosemite and Lassen with desert flora and fauna, include the namesake tree which is actually a succulent.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "In 64th Annual Grammy Awards,  best album of the year award was given to", "context": "", "response": "Jon Batiste was awarded the best album of the year in 64th Annual Grammy Awards", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What are the top attractions to visit in Cancun?", "context": "", "response": "Cancun is divided into two areas. Downtown, also known as Ciudad Cancun \u2014 and Cancun Island, also known as The Hotel Zone or \u201cZona Hotelera\u201d. The Hotel Zone is the primary tourist area, synonymous with resorts, catamarans, wild nightlife and beaches. It\u2019s a 15-mile strip of sand shaped like the number seven. This is where most people stay.\n\nAs the name implies, there are tons of hotels as well as most of the nightlife and beaches. Restaurants and bars line the only road, Kulkukan Boulevard, which runs from one side of the Hotel Zone to the other.\n\nApart from the Hotel Zone, the other visiting places are:\n1. Any of the All inclusive resorts like XCaret, Hotel Ziva and Grand Sirenis etc.\n2. Visit Downtown Cancun to explore local culture and delicious street food\n3. Snorkeling or Paragliding near Cancun\n4. Exploring amazing Cenotes- Cenotes are natural sinkholes filled with water formed in limestone caves\n5. Explore Chichen Itza Maya Ruins -  Chichen Itza Maya Ruins are amazing ancient pyramids dates back to 5th century.\n6. Day Trip to Isla Mujeres - Isla Mujeres, which translates to \u201cThe Island of Women\u201d, gets its name from the temple of Ixchel, the Maya goddess of fertility. This small island is only 20 minutes from Cancun by ferry from Hotel Zone.Isla Mujeres offers stunning views thanks to its rocky coast and gorgeous bays. It is also the first spot where you can see the sunrise in Mexico. This sleepy fishing village offers a well-deserved pause from the crazy nightlife of Cancun", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "Give me a list of the most recent Men's Indian Cricket Team captains in ODIs", "context": "", "response": "- Hardik Pandya \n- KL Rahul \n- Shikhar Dhawan\n- Rohit Sharma \n- Ajinkya Rahane \n- Virat Kohli \n- Gautam Ganbhir \n- Suresh Raina \n- MS Dhoni", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "What are the starting Pokemon in Pokemon Red and Blue?", "context": "", "response": "The grass type Pokemon Bulbasaur, the water type Pokemon Squirtle, and the fire type Pokemon Charmander.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Classify the eight planets of Earth's solar system as rocky or gaseous, according to their primary composition.", "context": "", "response": "Mercury - rocky\nVeuns - rocky\nEarth - rocky\nMars - rocky\nJupiter - gaseous\nSaturn - gaseous\nUranus - gaseous\nNeptune - gaseous", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "How reliable is public transportation?", "context": "", "response": "Reliability of public transportation varies drastically depending on which city you are in and depends on investment and maintenance of existing infrastructure. For example, the public transportation network in Switzerland spans a wide network that comprises of trains, trams, busses, and ferries, runs timely on a schedule to the minute, and is used as a primary mode of transportation for many residents. In contrast, it can be challenging to get around many cities in the United States without a car. Public transportation ridership often depends on reliability, which in turn often determines the availability of investments in the required infrastructure. This creates an unfortunate cycle making it very difficult for public transportation to become more reliable without external investments where the system is funding itself.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What are some ways to inculcate practice based learning in kids?", "context": "", "response": "Learning by doing is one of the best ways a kid can learn a concept. One way to do this is by using STEM based home kits that complement what a kid learns at school. For every concept the kid learns at school they should be exposed to application of the concept in the real world. Additionally, modern technology like virtual reality and augmented reality can fill the gap to an extent. Using Virtual Reality kids can see and visit places such as factories, landmarks which are hard to visit. Using Augmented Reality kids can see things right in from of them and can interact deeply with the 3D object closely. the learning curriculum must be comprehensive and emphasize experiential learning.", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "Which is a species of fish? Nurse or Nurse shark", "context": "", "response": "Nurse shark", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Who invented the radio?", "context": "The invention of radio communication was preceded by many decades of establishing theoretical underpinnings, discovery and experimental investigation of radio waves, and engineering and technical developments related to their transmission and detection. These developments allowed Guglielmo Marconi to turn radio waves into a wireless communication system.", "response": "The radio was invented by Guglielmo Marconi, which allowed the harnessing of radio waves into a wireless communication system.  This invention did not happen in a vacuum.  It was enabled by investigating radio waves and understanding how to detect and transmit them.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "Which city are Stroopwafels from?", "context": "", "response": "Stroopwafels are a type of Dutch waffle-like cake made with ground or shredded wheat and a variety of fillings. They are most commonly found in the city of Haarlem, Netherlands.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is System Thinking", "context": "", "response": "Systems thinking is a way of making sense of complexity by looking at it in terms of wholes and relationships rather than splitting it into parts.  It is based on the idea that all critical processes in an organization are interrelated and work together to achieve a common goal.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is the difference between a paint and a pinto?", "context": "", "response": "A paint horse is a breed called the \"American Paint Horse\" with bloodlines from registered Quarter Horses, Thoroughbreds or Arabian horses with bold two-color markings and a pinto is a loose term used to describe any horse with bold white markings on its coat but can be any breed.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Which is more important, Nature or Nurture?", "context": "", "response": "The Nature vs Nurture argument has existed for as long as humans have been able to consider complex thought. The debate as to whether the nature (the intrinsic nature, the attitude, or the predisposition), or the nurture (the care, the teachings, or the conditioning) of a child is more responsible for who or what they become in adult life. \n\nLargely it is considered that humans are a product of context (Nurture). The situations in which we are raised have a considerable bearing on who we become in later life. But, it's not necessarily so black and white. There are countless examples of children having been born into extremely difficult circumstances, who have grown to be well rounded, high contributing members of society. \n\nAs a result, It would be reasonable to assume that Nature is a strong factor, regardless of the Nurture (the environment) in which a person is raised. After all, there's no guarantee that someone growing up in an abusive household will then abuse others themselves. So then is Nature more important? \n\nThe difficulty with the debate is that no one individual is the same as another. Experiments to establish the efficacy of Nature vs Nurture are difficult to perform. Not only from a human rights perspective, but additionally from a variable standpoint as well. Really there are far too many variables to control with regards to human nature, that any imposition of control on the Nurture element would be imbalanced. \n\nWhen considering this question, it's important to recognise that developmental psychology is still in its early stages, and to understand that both Nature AND Nurture are necessary factors in human development.", "category": "creative_writing"}
{"instruction": "What to do in Mexico City?", "context": "", "response": "Mexico City also known as CDMX is the capital of Mexico. It is becoming an attraction to tourists all over the world. The downtown area was built on top of pre-hispanic temples. You can see this by visiting Templo Mayor, which was discovered while doing an excavation for new construction. The main plaza is called Z\u00f3calo,  where you can see the Presidential Palace and the cathedral. You can also visit Palacio de Bellas Artes and some museums in this area. \n\nOne of the most popular streets is Paseo de la Reforma, modeled after  Champs-\u00c9lys\u00e9es. And now it is where a lot of modern and tall buildings have been developed. The Museo Nacional de Antropolog\u00eda is located nearby, and it's one of the most popular museums in the city.\n\nOther neighborhoods that have become very popular are Colonia Roma and Condesa, attracting tourists and digital nomads in the last several years. These neighborhoods are well known for the variety of restaurants and nightlife.\n\nOther places to visit are Coyoacan, Xochimilco, and of course Teotihuacan, which is a prehispanic archeological site located about 40 km outside of Mexico City.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Give me a list of the best movies I've never seen.", "context": "", "response": "I would definitely recommend to watch Lord of the Rings. It is a great fantasy movie about friendship and how in the end, the good always prevails. The scale and grandeur, also the cast of the movie was superb. Any film where Tom Hanks is in the lead role should also be watched, as an actor he is simply amazing, and comes across so natural and convincing. If you like action movies, I can heartily recommend all the James Bond movies with Daniel Craig in the lead role. The cinematography, tension, music all play together so well. Speaking of cinematography, one would be amiss to not watch the latest movies of David Villeneuve, for example Inception or Dune. Timothee Chalamais, who is leading role in Dune, also did a great performance in 'The King' - if you liked the character in Dune for example. Other movies would be Interstellar, a great Sci-Fi movie, the Hunger Games trilogy and so many more.", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "Give me a list of the 3 best activities to do with your kids when the weather is bad outside", "context": "", "response": "Build a fort in the living room with blankets, pillows and chairs. Watch nostalgic movies like The Goonies, Sandlot and Honey, I Shrunk the kids. Build a lego castle.", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "Provide a brief summary of the reaction to the creation of LIV Golf", "context": "Human rights groups have criticized LIV Golf as sportswashing, a political strategy by Saudi Arabia to cleanse its repressive global image through sport. Human Rights Watch, for example, called the Saudi endeavor \"an effort to distract from its serious human rights abuses by taking over events that celebrate human achievement\".\n\nGreg Norman has been accused of aiding the repressive Saudi government for his own financial gain. In 2021, Norman denied that he was being used for sportswashing and said he works for LIV because of his passion for the sport. Later, in May 2022, Norman defended the involvement of Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman with Jamal Khashoggi's murder, saying, \"Look, we've all made mistakes, and you just want to learn from those mistakes and how you can correct them going forward.\" His statement drew extensive criticism. Khashoggi's fianc\u00e9e, Hatice Cengiz, said it was hurtful that \"Jamal's brutal killing is brushed off as a 'mistake' and that we should just move on\".\n\nOn 22 June 2022, a group of nearly 2,500 survivors of family members killed or injured during the September 11 attacks wrote an open letter to golfers who have remained loyal to the PGA Tour thanking them for not defecting to LIV Golf. The letter read in part, \"Thank you for standing up for decency. Thank you for standing up for the 9/11 Families. Thank you for resisting the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's efforts to cleanse its reputation by buying off professional athletes...To those of you who have chosen what is right over blood money from a corrupt, destructive sports entity and its Saudi backers, please continue to stand strong.\" On 17 July 2022, a group of September 11 victims' family members condemned former U.S. President Donald Trump for hosting the LIV Golf tour at his Trump National Golf Club in Bedminster, New Jersey; the group's letter to Trump noted that he himself had blamed Saudi Arabia for the 9/11 attack during a 2016 interview on Fox News.\n\nTiger Woods, who turned down an offer of $700 million to $800 million to join LIV Golf, was asked in July 2022 about the golfers who had joined. \"I disagree with it. I think that what they've done is they've turned their back on what has allowed them to get to this position,\" Woods said at a press conference before the 2022 Open Championship. \"I know what the PGA Tour stands for and what we have done and what the tour has given us, the ability to chase after our careers and to earn what we get and the trophies we have been able to play for and the history that has been a part of this game.\"", "response": "Overall, the reaction to the creation of the LIV Golf has been negative. For example, human rights groups have criticized LIV Golf as sportswashing, a group of 2500 survivors of family members killed during the September 11 attacks wrote a letter to golfers who stayed with the PGA Tour thanking them staying, and Tiger Woods said he thinks that the players who went to LIV Golf turned their back on what has allowed them to get to this position.", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "Why do some people select private schools over public schools?", "context": "", "response": "Some of the typical reasons people select private schools over public schools are\n1. They can afford private school and believe they can get marginal advantages\n2. Private schools offer a smaller student to teacher ratio\n3. Private schools have connections to some of the niche colleges \n4. The curriculum is usually ahead of the public school for the same grade.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is the nickname for West Ham United?", "context": "", "response": "West Ham United, a UK Premier League soccer team based in East London, are known as both the Irons and the Hammers. Both names refer to the origins of the club as the team of the Thames Ironworks. The club's badge includes a pair of crossed hammers. Whilst many know West Ham as the Hammers most fans tend to refer to them as the Irons particularly in the chant \"Come on You Irons\".", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Who are the top 5 non-fiction writers of all time?", "context": "", "response": "1) Margaret Atwood\n2) James Baldwin\n3)Mark Bowden\n4) Ta-Nehisi Coates\n5)  Robin Cook", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is Angel Falls?", "context": "Angel Falls (Spanish: Salto \u00c1ngel; Pemon language: Kerepakupai Mer\u00fa meaning \"waterfall of the deepest place\", or Parakup\u00e1 Ven\u00e1, meaning \"the fall from the highest point\") is a waterfall in Venezuela. It is the world's tallest uninterrupted waterfall, with a height of 979 metres (3,212 ft) and a plunge of 807 m (2,648 ft). The waterfall drops over the edge of the Auy\u00e1n-tepui mountain in the Canaima National Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Canaima), a UNESCO World Heritage site in the Gran Sabana region of Bol\u00edvar State. The height figure, 979 m (3,212 ft), mostly consists of the main plunge but also includes about 400 metres (1,300 ft) of sloped cascade and rapids below the drop and a 30-metre-high (100 ft) plunge downstream of the talus rapids.", "response": "Angel Falls (Spanish: Salto \u00c1ngel; Pemon language: Kerepakupai Mer\u00fa meaning \"waterfall of the deepest place\", or Parakup\u00e1 Ven\u00e1, meaning \"the fall from the highest point\") is a waterfall in Venezuela. It is the world's tallest uninterrupted waterfall, with a height of 979 metres (3,212 ft) and a plunge of 807 m (2,648 ft). The waterfall drops over the edge of the Auy\u00e1n-tepui mountain in the Canaima National Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Canaima), a UNESCO World Heritage site in the Gran Sabana region of Bol\u00edvar State. The height figure, 979 m (3,212 ft), mostly consists of the main plunge but also includes about 400 metres (1,300 ft) of sloped cascade and rapids below the drop and a 30-metre-high (100 ft) plunge downstream of the talus rapids.\n\nThe falls are along a fork of the R\u00edo Kerepacupai Mer\u00fa which flows into the Chur\u00fan River, a tributary of the Carrao River, itself a tributary of the Orinoco River.", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "Given this paragraph about bicycle manufacturer Colnago, what Italian automobile company did Colnago work with to develop new carbon fiber technology?", "context": "Since the 1980s, while Colnago continued to produce high-end steel bikes, they began to produce cycle frames using material other than steel, including titanium, aluminum, carbon fiber and mixed materials. One unique frame from this period, the Bititan, has a dual titanium down tube. Crimped and oversize tubes were used on the Tecnos\u2013one of the lightest production steel bikes produced. Similarly crimped oversized aluminum tubes were used on the Dream frame. In 1981 Colnago prototyped the CX Pista\u2013a full monocoque carbon fiber cycle with disc wheels, which was shown at the Milan bike show. Subsequently, Colnago worked with Ferrari to develop new carbon fiber technology, and Ernesto also credits their engineers for challenging him regarding fork design, which led to Colnago's innovative Precisa straight-bladed steel fork (1987). Colnago also experimented with multi-material frames, including the CT-1 and CT-2 constructed with titanium main tubes, carbon fiber forks and rear stays, and a similarly constructed (although short-lived) Master frame constructed with steel main tubes, carbon forks and stays.", "response": "Colnago worked with Ferrari to develop new carbon fiber technology.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "Plan a weekend long vacation to Madrid, and mention multiple specific places you would visit and how you would travel in the city", "context": "", "response": "On Saturday we would start off by visiting the Reina Sofia museum, which we would get to by taking the metro system. We would then continue to the Prado art museum in the afternoon, which we would also get to by metro and walking from the Reina Sofia. We'd then grab a late lunch at a nearby cafe, before walking over to the nearby Parque Retiro, which is one of the main parks in Madrid. We'd spend the afternoon there and take out a boat for a row on the lake, and then in the evening we'd grab empanadas for dinner from a bakery. The next day, we'd start off the day with a casual coffee and slow morning breakfast. We'd then check out the botanical gardens, and then the National Anthropological Museum in the afternoon. Finally, we'd finish our weekend with a visit to the Madrid Opera house.", "category": "creative_writing"}
{"instruction": "Based on the text, please give me a brief summary of the history of the DTES neighbourhood in Vancouver", "context": "Around the beginning of the 20th century, the DTES was Vancouver's political, cultural and retail centre. Over several decades, the city centre gradually shifted westwards, and the DTES became a poor neighbourhood, although relatively stable. In the 1980s, the area began a rapid decline due to several factors, including an influx of hard drugs, policies that pushed sex work and drug-related activity out of nearby areas, and the cessation of federal funding for social housing. By 1997, an epidemic of HIV infection and drug overdoses in the DTES led to the declaration of a public health emergency. As of 2018, critical issues include opioid overdoses, especially those involving the drug fentanyl; decrepit and squalid housing; a shortage of low-cost rental housing; and mental illness, which often co-occurs with addiction.", "response": "The DTES has transformed from the focal point of Vancouver\u2019s cultural and commercial life at the start of the 20th Century to an impoverished neighbourhood with many socio-economic problems by the 1980s. Since the 1990s, the DTES has been home to a public health emergency due to drug overdoses, HIV infection, a housing crisis, and mental health problems.", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "What are your favorite musical instruments?", "context": "", "response": "Guitar, flute, bagpipes, cello, saxophone.", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "When was Rhual constructed?", "context": "Rhual is a Grade I listed building in Flintshire. This small mansion has medieval origins and is surrounded by a large landscaped park. The present building was constructed in 1634 by Evan Edwards, a member of a well established Flintshire family which traced its descent from the Welsh king Hywel Dda. He most likely incorporated an older medieval house into the north wing of the current building. The house has since been built upon further, and the east and south entrances were created in the 19th century.", "response": "Rhual was constructed in 1634 by Evan Edwards.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Purussaurus, Albacore Tuna", "context": "", "response": "Albacore Tuna is alive, Purussaurus is extinct.", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "What is the difference between a chihuaha and a golden retriever?", "context": "", "response": "Chihuahas are a breed of dog and they are generally smaller in size. They can be long or short haired. Their temperament is that they like to bark a lot and are easily agitated. Regardless, Chihuaha dogs make great companions and lap dogs. \n\nGolden retrievers are a breed of dog and they are generally larger in size. They are very intelligent dogs and can be easily trained. They are used as service dogs to help people, for example they can be a guide dog for the blind. Their temperament is that they are calm and focused. Golden retrievers are also great companion dogs.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Domra, Xaphoon", "context": "", "response": "Xaphoon is woodwind, Domra is string.", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "What is the best way to define a data&AI strategy?", "context": "", "response": "Translate your business and digital strategy into your data and AI vision and strategy highlighting the biggest opportunity areas optimizing your current business as well as new innovative businesses utilizing AI and data.\n\nIdentify the business processes (product development, production, sales & marketing, supply chain, pricing, HR, finance, etc.) where you want to use data and AI.\n\nUnderstand the current state of your data and AI capabilities.\n\nDescribe the target state for your business processes once data and AI capabilities have been deployed.\n\nDefine new data-driven business and product ideas.\n\nDefine your execution roadmap, including investments.\n\nExecute the first data and AI use cases by creating your AI playbook, aiming at production readiness.\n\nAutomate and scale up operations", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "Classify each of the following whether they help or hurt vision: glasses, binoculars, blindfold, sleep mask, telescope", "context": "", "response": "Glasses: Help Vision\nBinoculars: Help Vision\nBlindfold: Hurt Vision\nSleep Mask: Hurt Vision\nTelescope: Help Vision", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Give me a comma separated list of all the organizations Henry Holst worked for based on this article.", "context": "The Henry Holst String Quartet was founded by the Danish violinist Henry Holst in 1931. Holst had studied at the Royal Danish Conservatory under Axel Gade and Carl Nielsen. In 1923, he was appointed leader of the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, but in 1931 he moved to Manchester as a Professor at the Royal Manchester College of Music.\n\nThe move to Manchester led to the formation of the Henry Holst String Quartet with Charles Taylor (second violin), Herbert Downes (viola) and Anthony Pini (cello). The ensemble was recognised as fine quartet, touring extensively in the UK and broadcasting on BBC Radio. They played a number of times in Liverpool for the Rodewald Concert Society in the 1934 and 1937 seasons.\n\nErnest Element (2nd violin) and Frank Venton (viola) also sometimes played for the quartet. Herbert Downes left to lead his own quartet in 1935. Charles Taylor also left to found his own quartet and was replaced by Reginald Stead as second violin. Reginald Stead later became the leader of the BBC Northern Orchestra. Anthony Pini joined the London Philharmonic Orchestra in 1932 and was replaced by John C Hock as cellist. The Henry Holst Quartet finally disbanded when Henry Holst formed the Philharmonia Quartet in 1941 at the instigation of Walter Legge to record for Columbia Records.", "response": "Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, Royal Manchester College of Music, Columbia Records", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "Please list the main dog predators according to the passage", "context": "Although dogs are the most abundant and widely distributed terrestrial carnivores, feral and free-ranging dogs' potential to compete with other large carnivores is limited by their strong association with humans. For example, a review of the studies in dogs' competitive effects on sympatric carnivores did not mention any research on competition between dogs and wolves. Although wolves are known to kill dogs, they tend to live in pairs or in small packs in areas where they are highly persecuted, giving them a disadvantage facing large dog groups.\n\nWolves kill dogs wherever they are found together. In some instances, wolves have displayed an uncharacteristic fearlessness of humans and buildings when attacking dogs to the extent that they have to be beaten off or killed. Although the numbers of dogs killed each year are relatively low, it induces a fear of wolves entering villages and farmyards to take dogs and losses of dogs to wolves have led to demands for more liberal wolf hunting regulations.\n\nCoyotes and big cats have also been known to attack dogs. In particular, leopards are known to have a preference for dogs and have been recorded to kill and consume them, no matter what their size. Siberian tigers in the Amur River region have killed dogs in the middle of villages. This indicates that the dogs were targeted. Amur tigers will not tolerate wolves as competitors within their territories, and the tigers could be considering dogs in the same way. Striped hyenas are known to kill dogs in their range.", "response": "wolves, Coyotes, leopards, Siberian tigers, Striped hyenas", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "Given a reference text about the Spellenspektakel, tell me where it takes place and what games are played.", "context": "The Spellenspektakel is the largest board game convention in the Netherlands, featuring game demonstrations, tournaments and other game related activities. It focusses on traditional strategy boardgames, collectible card games, pen-and-paper role-playing games and miniatures wargames. Game publishers participate by showing and demonstrating their new releases to the public. Additionally, the Spellenspektakel hosts numerous game stores and player communities. Visitors can try any game on display and buy the ones they prefer. During the 2019 edition at the Jaarbeurs venue in Utrecht, the Spellenspektakel welcomed over 14,000 people", "response": "The Spellenspektakel takes place in the Netherlands where board games are played.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "Jokic or Embiid for the MVP?", "context": "", "response": "I would give the MVP award to Nikola Jokic.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What are some of the sight seeing and outdoor activities to do in Portugal, Spain", "context": "", "response": "Day 1: Arrival in Lisbon\n- Transfer from the airport to the hotel (8.6 miles/14 km)\n\nDay 2: Lisbon\n- Visit to Bel\u00e9m Tower (5.5 miles/9 km)\n- Jer\u00f3nimos Monastery\n- St. George's Castle\n- Alfama neighborhood \n\nDay 3: Sintra\n- Visit to Pena Palace (18.7 miles/30 km)\n- Sintra National Palace\n- Cabo da Roca (14.6 miles/23.5 km)\n\nDay 4: Cascais\n- Beach day in Cascais (16.8 miles/27 km)\n- Visit to Boca do Inferno\n- Cascais Marina\n\nDay 5: \u00d3bidos\n- Visit to \u00d3bidos Castle (52.8 miles/85 km)\n- Walk through the village\n- Visit to Alcoba\u00e7a Monastery (22.8 miles/37 km)\n\nDay 6: Nazar\u00e9\n- Visit to Nazar\u00e9 beach (30.7 miles/49.5 km)\n- Cable car ride\n- Visit to the Chapel of Our Lady of Nazar\u00e9\n\nDay 7: Coimbra\n- Visit to Coimbra University (68.3 miles/110 km)\n- Walk through the historic center\n- Visit to the Old Cathedral\n\nDay 8: Aveiro\n- Boat ride through the canals of Aveiro (44.7 miles/72 km)\n- Visit to the Aveiro Cathedral\n- Walk through the Fisherman's Quarter\n\nDay 9: Porto\n- Visit to the Ribeira neighborhood (46.6 miles/75 km)\n- Climb the Cl\u00e9rigos Tower\n- Visit to the S\u00e3o Bento train station\n- Tour of the Port wine cellars\n\nDay 10: Departure from Porto\n- Transfer from the hotel to the airport (10.4 miles/17 km)", "category": "creative_writing"}
{"instruction": "Why is the most of the world's land is north of the equator?", "context": "", "response": "It just happened to be the way at the moment. Believe it or not, the earth's continents are slowly moving. Around 300 million years ago, our planet had one big mass of land called Pangaea. It was mainly south of the equator. In another 200 million years, things will look different again.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "How many awards did the film The Walrus and the Whistleblower win per this entry of information?", "context": "The Walrus and the Whistleblower is a 2020 Canadian documentary film directed by Nathalie Bibeau. The film profiles Phil Demers, a former employee of Marineland who attempted to blow the whistle on allegedly inhumane treatment of animals at the institution.\n\nAccording to a film industry newsletter, the film was made \"in association with the Documentary Channel, and CBC Docs\". The Documentary Channel's announcement about the film stated that Demers had \"appeared four times on the Joe Rogan show, has testified before the Canadian Senate, and is being sued for $1.5 million for plotting to steal Smooshi, the walrus\".\n\nThe film premiered as part of the 2020 Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada it was not screened theatrically, but premiered as part of the festival's online streaming component and aired on CBC Television on May 28 as part of the network's special Hot Docs at Home series of films from the festival.\n\nIn June 2020, the film was named as the winner of 2020 Rogers Audience Award, alongside the films 9/11 Kids, There's No Place Like This Place, Anyplace, First We Eat and The Forbidden Reel, and as Overall Favourite at Hot Docs. The Audience Award allowed the film to be fast tracked in the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature category, \"provided it meets all other criteria for eligibility\". Northern Banner, a division of Raven Banner Entertainment, subsequently announced that it had acquired the rights to distribute the film in Canada, probably starting before year end. The US and international distribution rights went to Gravitas Ventures.\n\nThe film received a nomination for the Donald Brittain Award at the 9th Canadian Screen Awards in 2021.", "response": "2.  the 2020 Rogers Audience Award, and the Donald Brittain Award in 2021.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "What are some areas that firefighters can safely stay in while fighting a wildfire?", "context": "Outcomes from Project Vesta have been integrated into firefighter training in Australia and are beginning to appear in the United States.\n\nFirefighters try to stay out of the dead man zone at all times, working from safe points such as burnt ground or a large area of non-burnable ground, such as a cricket or Australian rules football oval, or a large car park. This is achieved by attacking the fire from the flanks, or the rear, so that burnt ground is always nearby, and the fire is always in front of the firefighters. This avoids two disadvantages of attacking fires at the head of the fire where spot fires may start behind them or changes in wind behavior might accelerate the spread of the fire.\n\nThe result of several inquiries into firefighter death in Australian bushfires found that firefighters should stay out of the dead man zone and that they should always keep 250 liters of water in their truck for personal safety. This is now a standard operating procedure in the NSW Rural Fire Service, Country Fire Service and Country Fire Authority in Australia.", "response": "Firefighters can use burnt areas, car parks and sports areas to stay safe during a wildfire", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "List me some important facts about Tobiashammer from given text", "context": "The first hammer forge was probably built in 1482 on the River Ohra. In 1592 the mill was bought by Tobias Albrecht, since when it has been named after him. The works originally had three huge iron hammers which were raised by the motion of a water wheel.\n\nThe mill made iron products such as scythes, sickles, ploughshares, lances and swords. Later, it also carried out copper processing; washbowls, washtubs, kettle drums, brewing implements, pots, cans and pans were made. The kettle drums, which were produced into the late 20th century, were made from a single piece of copper, forged under the tilt hammer and still set a standard today in terms of their sound.", "response": "1. On the River Ohra, the first hammer forge was probably constructed around 1482.\n2. Tobias Albrecht purchased the mill in 1592, and ever since, it has carried his name.\n3. The factory's three enormous iron hammers, which were elevated by the rotation of a water wheel, were originally installed.\n4. The mill produced iron tools like lances, scythes, sickles, and ploughshares.\n5. Later, it also engaged in copper processing; pots, cans, pans, brewing equipment, kettle drums, washbowls, and washtubs were produced.\n6. The single-piece copper kettle drums, which were forged with the tilt hammer and produced until the late 20th century, set a standard for sound even today.", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "Describe a morning routine from a 2 year olds perspective", "context": "", "response": "I wake up and I'm alone in my bed, it's dark and I feel afraid. I call out for my mommy and feel so relieved when I hear her footsteps to my bedroom. She snuggles in beside me and I feel happy and content. I wake again with sunshine in my eyes and know it's morning time as the sun is up. I rollover and see my mommy is still sleeping beside me. I sit up and tell her it's morning time. My brother comes running in and asks me to play in the playroom. I'm so excited to go play with my toys! I race down the hall and pick out my favorite puzzle, it has all the colors of the rainbow! I ask my brother for help to complete the puzzle and feel proud when it's done. I hear my mommy calling us from downstairs, she is saying breakfast is ready. My tummy feels hungry and I go downstairs and to the kitchen island where she brings my favorite, a big bowl of porridge! As I'm eating, I feel some fall on my chin. I point this out to mommy and she wipes it with a cloth. When I'm finished, mommy says it's time to get dressed. I want to help so I take off my pajamas all by myself!", "category": "creative_writing"}
{"instruction": "How much wood would a woodchuck chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood?", "context": "", "response": "This phrase is not meant to have an answer because it's a tongue twister. Tongue twisters are meant to be difficult to say, especially when spoken quickly. It's regarded as a fun way for children to learn about alliteration, how to pronounce and enunciate similar sounding words with different meaning and supports a basis for spoken language development.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Tell me whether these are literary characters or fruits: Gandalf, banana, Frodo Baggins, Aragorn, orange, apple, Sauron", "context": "", "response": "Gandalf - literary character\nBanana - fruit\nFrodo Baggins - literary character\nAragorn  - literary character\norange - fruit\napple - fruit\nSauron - literary character", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "What is the difference between common law and civil law?", "context": "", "response": "The primary difference between common law and civil law is that in common law jurisdictions, published court decisions are of primary importance to understanding legal rules. In civil law jurisdictions, published rules or statutes are of primary importance. Common law's origins are found in England, where court decisions filled in gaps in \"writs\" issued by the monarch. Civil law, by comparison, traces its origins to codes of laws compiled beginning around the time of the Roman Empire. \n\nWhile there are around 150 countries that largely follow a common law model, and 80 that follow a civil law model, the reality is that many jurisdictions incorporate elements of both common law and civil law. Even within a country, different models may apply.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Given this paragraph about Sam Baker, what is the Outland Trophy?", "context": "Baker attended the University of Southern California, where he played for coach Pete Carroll's USC Trojans football team from 2003 to 2007. He was a first-team All-American as a redshirt sophomore in 2005.\n\nHe was on the official 2006 watch list for the Lombardi Award and the Outland Trophy for the best lineman. In his collegiate career Baker blocked for Reggie Bush and Matt Leinart. He was named a first-team All-Pacific-10 Conference selection by the league's coaches in 2005 and 2006. He was a recognized as a consensus first-team All-American, having received first-team honors from the Football Writers Association of America, Sporting News and CBSSports.com.\n\nGoing into his fourth year as a starter, Baker was on the Lombardi Award and Outland Trophy watch lists. He was ranked as one of the \"Top 20 Players Heading Into 2007\" by Sports Illustrated. Before his final season in 2007, Baker was already regarded by most NFL scouts as a certain top-five player in the 2008 NFL Draft.", "response": "The Outland Trophy is given to the best offensive lineman in college football.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "What makes the Expanse series better than other sci-fi?", "context": "", "response": "What really sets The Expanse apart from other popular science fiction is the science. It's common for sci-fi writers to throw the laws of physics out the window or create a fake invention that bends the rules without any scientific basis to make their concept work. The Expanse has a realism that is unparalleled. If you've ever found yourself yelling at your book or TV saying \"That's not even close to possible\" then this is the sci-fi series for you.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "How do you cook ribs?", "context": "", "response": "1.       Spread French's mustard all over the ribs\n2.       Season ribs top and bottom liberally with the rub. Seriously don't be shy.\n3.       Place ribs on a smoker at 225 for 2-3 hours (oak).\n4.       In a bowl mix one cup of honey, brown sugar, a table spoon of apple cider vinegar, Mix together and Drizzle in the middle of the foil, place ribs top side down in the foil. Wrap tight.\n5.       Return to the smoke for another 1.5-2 hours or until tender but not 'falling off the bone'\n6.       In a sauce pan add a bottle of your favorite BBQ sauce, one cup of apple jelly, one finely shredded apple, and one tsp of rib rub.\n7.       Pull them out of the foil, season again with rub.\n8.       Top with BBQ sauce with apple and apple jelly.\n9.       Put the ribs back on the pit for 30 minutes for the sauce to set-up.\n \nIngredients:\n \n\u00b7         Three racks of pork ribs\n\u00b7         Rib rub\n\u00b7         French\u2019s mustard\n\u00b7         Honey\n\u00b7         Brown sugar\n\u00b7         Apple cider vinegar\n\u00b7         KC Masterpiece BBQ sauce\n\u00b7         Apple jelly\n\u00b7         One finely shredded apple", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Who is Rajinikanth?", "context": "", "response": "Rajinikanth is an Indian action who primarily acts in Tamil movies. Shivaji Rao Gaikwad, known professionally as Rajinikanth (/r\u0259d\u0292\u026an\u026ak\u0251\u02d0n\u03b8/), is an Indian actor, producer and screenwriter who works mainly in Tamil cinema.  In a career spanning over five decades, he has done more than 160 films that includes films in Tamil, Hindi, Telugu, Kannada, Bengali, and Malayalam. He is widely regarded as one of the most successful and popular actors in the history of Indian cinema.", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Extract from the text year in which Italy First was launched", "context": "Italy First was launched as a \"political association\" in October 2013 by Gianni Alemanno, a former mayor of Rome (2008\u20132013) for the PdL. A long-time politician of the Italian Social Movement (MSI) and National Alliance (AN), within which he led the Social Right faction, Alemanno had left the PdL a few days earlier. The founding manifesto of Italy First included criticism of the PdL, its participation in the European People's Party and its compliance to Europeanism and economic liberalism. One of the first political campaigns of the new party was against the euro currency.", "response": "2013", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Damaru, Laouto", "context": "", "response": "Damaru is percussion, Laouto is string.", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Based on the reference text, what was the start date and the expected completion date of the reconstruction project on the Howard Frankland bridge.", "context": "After the widening project in 1992, Interstate 275 was increased to eight lanes on the bridge itself. However, this did not increase capacity on either end of the bridge. Backups were still seen on the Howard Frankland heading into Tampa, primarily due to a bottleneck at the SR 60/Veterans Expressway exit. On the St. Petersburg side, after a comprehensive reconstruction project that took over ten years, lane counts were increased from four lanes prior to the bridge to six lanes through downtown St. Petersburg, and eight lanes from Gandy Boulevard to the bridge.\n\nA reconstruction project was planned to begin in 2017 for the new Gateway Expressway project, a plan to build a new toll road to connect different parts in Pinellas County. However, FDOT planned to reconstruct the interstate in smaller phases rather than the original larger two-phase project and the start of construction was delayed to 2020.\n\nOnce the reconstruction project is finished in 2025, major traffic congestion on the Howard Frankland bridge is expected to be significantly reduced by the addition of new lanes. On January 7, 2021, FDOT postponed by a week to January 16, 2021 the start date for removing an overpass and the corresponding exit ramp over I-275. It had been scheduled to shut down by 8 p.m., EST, January 9, through January 10. This work was part of the U.S. $600 million toll road project. On January 16 to 17, 2021, workers removed the 4th street north interchange bridge (overpass) from 8 p.m. on January 16, to 12 p.m. on January 17. Exit 32 was closed until late 2021 while the new overpass is constructed.\n\nOverall construction on this large project began in fall 2020 and completion is expected in late 2025. A completely new bridge will carry southbound traffic. Once that bridge is completed, the existing southbound bridge will be converted to carry northbound traffic. When all traffic is moved to the final alignment, the existing northbound bridge will be removed. The newly built bridge for southbound traffic will include a separate pathway for pedestrian and bicycle traffic, and additional vehicle traffic lanes.[", "response": "The reconstruction project of the Howard Frankland bridge started in fall of 2020 and is expected to be completed in 2025.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "What is the largest state by land size in the United States of America?", "context": "", "response": "The largest state by land size in the United States of America is Alaska.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "What colors are typically associated with Christmas?", "context": "", "response": "Red and Green are associated with Christmas", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Given this reference text about Jimmy John's, how many Jimmy John's locations are there?", "context": "Jimmy John's is an American sandwich chain headquartered in Champaign, Illinois. The business was founded by Jimmy John Liautaud in 1983. After Liautaud graduated from high school, his father gave him a choice to either join the military or start a business. Liautaud, choosing the latter, initially decided to start a hot dog business, but changed to opening a sandwich business due to costs.\n\nThe Jimmy John's franchise has over 2700 locations, with 98% of them being franchises. in 2016, Roark Capital Group purchased a majority stake in the company. Later, in 2019, Inspire Brands purchased the company from Roark Capital Group for an unspecified amount.", "response": "There are currently 2700 locations in the Jimmy John's franchise.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "Why do people like Red Light Therapy?", "context": "", "response": "Red Light Therapy is good for anti-aging as well as other benefits. It has been shown to increase the amount of collagen your body produces, thus helping to decrease fine lines and wrinkles. Additionally, it can help reduce the appearance of scars and stretch marks. It's easy, painless and can even be done at home in as little as 3-10 minutes each day.", "category": "creative_writing"}
{"instruction": "Classify the following by how they are affected by a strong permanent magnet as one of \"attract\", \"repel\", \"nothing\": iron nail, paper clips, a tin can, a compass, a plastic cup, a glass window, a leather wallet, a brick, a magnet of opposite polarity, pyrolytic carbon sheet.", "context": "", "response": "Items that are strongly or weakly attracted are called \"ferromagnetic\" and \"paramagnetic\", respectively. These include: iron nail, paper clips, a tin can, a compass.\nItems that are repelled by a magnet are either \"paramagnetic\" or themselves permanent magnets of the opposite polarity, including: a magnet of opposite polarity, pyrolytic carbon sheet. Items that are not affected by a permanent magnet are called \"nonmagnetic\" and include: a plastic cup, a glass window, a leather wallet, a brick.", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "What family do tigers, lions and panthers all belong to?", "context": "", "response": "Tigers, lions and panthers are all a part of the cat family", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Why do people like to travel?", "context": "", "response": "There are many reasons that people like to travel and the motivation to travel is always unique to each person. The most common reasons are to explore globally famous landmarks, new cultures, different authentic food and to meet new people, which will expand the perspective of different cultures and their value systems.\n\nAlso, to unwind and relax from their day to busy schedules. Apart from that with the wide use of social media platforms people have more information and knowledge to get influence. People also travel for research and educational purposes to places such as museums, and historical landmarks.\n\nOverall, traveling can be an enriching, relaxing, and fulfilling experience that will gather beautiful lifelong memories, experiences, and lessons.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Identify which car manufacturer is Chinese or American: Dongfeng, Chrysler", "context": "", "response": "Chrysler is American, Dongfeng is Chinese", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Why is Arsenal FC a great football club?", "context": "", "response": "Arsenal is one of the greatest football clubs in the world for many reasons. First of all, it has one of the largest global fanbases from all continents on the globe. The fan base headcount is within the top 10 of all existing sports teams. It has been one of the most successful clubs in terms of winning silverware, with 13 league titles and 14 FA cups to its name. It has a rich history of having international players that go on to become some of the greatest players in football/soccer history. The club is also located in the heart of London, making it a popular team for people from all around the world to come and visit. It has one of the best stadiums in Europe, Emirates Stadium, that can seat 65,000+ attendants and has an incredible atmosphere on game day.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Give me the TLDR on using llamas to guard my livestock.", "context": "Using llamas as livestock guards in North America began in the early 1980s, and some sheep producers have used llamas successfully since then. Some would even use them to guard their smaller cousins, the alpaca. They are used most commonly in the western regions of the United States, where larger predators, such as coyotes and feral dogs, are prevalent. Typically, a single gelding (castrated male) is used.\n\nResearch suggests the use of multiple guard llamas is not as effective as one. Multiple males tend to bond with one another, rather than with the livestock, and may ignore the flock. A gelded male of two years of age bonds closely with its new charges and is instinctively very effective in preventing predation. Some llamas appear to bond more quickly to sheep or goats if they are introduced just prior to lambing. Many sheep and goat producers indicate a special bond quickly develops between lambs and their guard llama and the llama is particularly protective of the lambs.\n\nUsing llamas as guards has reduced the losses to predators for many producers. The value of the livestock saved each year more than exceeds the purchase cost and annual maintenance of a llama. Although not every llama is suited to the job, most are a viable, nonlethal alternative for reducing predation, requiring no training and little care.", "response": "TLDR: LLamas can be used as livestock guards. Typically a single castrated male is the best choice (multiple males will bond with each other instead of bonding with the livestock). Generally llamas are cost effective, require no training and little care.", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "Tell me whether these are names of soft drinks or coffee: Starbucks, Peet's, Blue Bottle, Coca-Cola, Sprite, Canada Dry, Pepsi", "context": "", "response": "Starbucks is a brand of coffee\nPeet's is a brand of coffee\nBlue Bottle is a brand of coffee\nCoca-Cola is a soft drink\nSprite is a soft drink\nCanada Dry is a soft drink\nPepsi is a soft drink", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Classify each of the following as an American coffee shop chain or an American fast-food hamburger restaurant: Starbucks, Dunkin Donuts, McDonald's, In-N-Out, Dutch Bros, Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf, Burger King, Carl's Jr", "context": "", "response": "Coffee shop chain: Starbucks, Dunkin Donuts, Dutch Bros, Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf\nFast-food hamburger restaurant: McDonald's, In-N-Out, Burger King, Carl's Jr", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "What is an unsecured loan?", "context": "", "response": "Unsecured loans are monetary loans that are not secured against the borrower's assets.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "How does running slow make you run faster?", "context": "", "response": "There has been a recent shift in thinking about the types of training that makes a distance runner faster while mitigating the risk of injuries.  It has been found that running up to 80% of your  weekly miles at a very comfortable slow pace was optimal for the fastest improvement.  A slow pace can be measured by running at or below 70% of your maximum heart rate (MHR=220 beats per minute minus your age).  For those who don't have a heart rate monitor, another way to measure that you are in this zone is by being able to have a conversation without being out of breath. This \u201crun slow to get faster\" methodology has been embraced by the elite running community and some believe has contributed to the multiple recent world records for both men and women in the middle and long distances.  This has also been shown to have the same effect on beginner runners and had tremendous benefits that resulted in improved overall speed performance, while reducing the risk of injury in getting to your race day.", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Give me a bulleted list of all of the Star Wars movies in order by release date.", "context": "", "response": "1. Episode IV: A New Hope (1977)\n2. Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back (1980)\n3. Episode VI: Return of the Jedi (1983)\n4. Episode I: The Phantom Menace (1999)\n5. Episode II: Attack of the Clones (2002)\n6. Episode III: Revenge of the Sith (2005)\n7. Episode VII: The Force Awakens (2015)", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "Given this paragraph about the M26, tell me how many times Hunt finished in the top 3, and explain your reasoning.", "context": "McLaren relied on the M23 during the rest of the season and for the first few races of 1977 until it was deemed necessary that the M26 was to race in light of the wilting performance of its predecessor. The redesigned car made its debut at the Spanish Grand Prix, where it proved to be a solid, if unspectacular performer. James Hunt, who initially hated the car knuckled down to improve the race pace and reliability of the M26, and throughout the season the car's performance improved noticeably. Hunt won three times during the course of the season, and scored two other podium finishes in the second half of the season. Two other potential victories were lost in Austria and Canada through reliability issues when Hunt was leading easily. At season's end, McLaren had scored 69 points and were third in the constructors' championship.", "response": "He placed in the top 3 a total of 5 times, because he won three times and had an additional two podium finishes.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "List all the persons in the text in alphabetical order using their surname: \n\nAt acute times where there is a lot of pressure crossing the Channel, whether that\u2019s on tunnel or ferries, then I think there\u2019s always going to be a backup. I just urge everybody to be a bit patient while the ferry companies work their way through the backlog.\u201d\n\nLater, speaking on the Laura Kuenssberg programme on BBC One, Braverman denied the situation at Dover would repeat itself and blamed \u201cbad weather\u201d.\n\nBut her comments variously attracted ire and ridicule. The Liberal Democrats\u2019 home affairs spokesperson, Alistair Carmichael, said: \u201cThese comments show Suella Braverman is in complete denial about the impact of the Conservative government\u2019s botched deal with Europe on our borders. For Conservative ministers like Braverman, it is always someone else\u2019s fault.\n\n\u201cBusinesses and travellers are being tied up in reams of red tape but ministers are refusing to lift a finger. It shows the Conservative party is out of touch, out of excuses and should be out of power.\u201d\n\nThe former Conservative cabinet minister David Gauke, who was stripped of the Tory whip for rebelling in a Brexit vote, tweeted: \u201cIf we were in the EU, the French would not need to do individual passport checks. If no individual passport checks, the process at Dover would be quicker. The Dover queues are, therefore, partly caused by Brexit. Not a contentious point, surely?\u201d\n\nCaroline Lucas, the Green party MP, described Braverman as being \u201con another planet as usual\u201d. She said that the home secretary\u2019s comments regarding no Brexit link contradicted those expressed by the port\u2019s chief executive. In an interview with the Observer a year ago, Doug Bannister, admitted Brexit was causing longer processing times at the border.", "context": "", "response": "- Doug Bannister\n- Suella Braverman\n- Alistair Carmichael\n- David Gauke\n- Laura Kuenssberg \n- Caroline Lucas", "category": "general_qa"}
{"instruction": "Classify each of the following as either a quantitative major or qualitative major: English, mathematics, physics, statistics, history, law", "context": "", "response": "Qualitative: English, history, law \nQuantitative: mathematics, physics, statistics", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "Who is Richard Wayne Bogosian?", "context": "Richard Wayne Bogosian (born July 18, 1937) is an American diplomat.", "response": "Richard Wayne Bogosian (born July 18, 1937) is an American diplomat. He was the United States Ambassador to Chad from 1990 to 1993 and Niger from 1985 to 1988.\nHe graduated from Tufts College with an A.B. in 1959 and the University of Chicago with a J.D. in 1962. He joined the U.S. Foreign Service in 1962. He oversaw many diplomatic posts, including at the Foreign Service Institute from 1962 to 1963, in the Bureau of Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs at the Department of State in 1963, at the U.S. Embassy in Baghdad, Iraq from 1963 to 1965, at the Foreign Service Institute again in 1965, as vice consul for the U.S. Embassy in Paris, France, from 1966 to 1968, in the Bureau of Near East and South Asian Affairs at the Department of State from 1968 to 1969, in the Bureau for Intelligence and Research at the Department of State from 1969 to 1971, and in the Foreign Service Institute for Economics in 1972.\n\nHe was chief of the economic section at the U.S. Embassy in Kuwait from 1972 to 1976, and Deputy Chief of Mission at the U.S. Embassy in Khartoum, Sudan, from 1976 to 1979. From 1976 to 1979, Bogosian was the chief of the Aviation Negotiations Division. He was the Director of East African Affairs from 1982 to 1985, and was nominated to be the United States Ambassador to Niger on August 1, 1985, by President Ronald Reagan.\nFrom 1988 to 1990 he was the Director of the Office of Monetary Affairs.In 1990, Bogosian became the United States Ambassador to Chad from 1990 to 1993. From 1993 to 1994, he was the Coordinator at the U.S. Liaison Office in Mogadishu, Somalia, and Coordinator for Rwanda and Burundi from 1996 to 1997, after the Rwandan genocide.\n\nBogosian speaks Arabic and French. He is married to Claire Marie Bogosian, and has three children.", "category": "summarization"}
{"instruction": "What is Python?", "context": "", "response": "Python is a high-level, general-purpose programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability with the use of significant indentation via the off-side rule.\n\nPython is dynamically typed and garbage-collected. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including structured (particularly procedural), object-oriented and functional programming. It is often described as a \"batteries included\" language due to its comprehensive standard library.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "When was The White Mandigos band formed?", "context": "The White Mandingos are a rock supergroup from Woodstock, New York consisting of rapper Murs, former Rolling Stone journalist and MTV / VH1 producer Sacha Jenkins and Bad Brains' bassist Darryl Jenifer.\n\nBiography\nThe band was formed in late 2012 when Jenkins met up at Jenifer's house in Woodstock to discover if there was anything in common between their respective favourite music genres. They considered their initial collaborations unimpressive, so Jenkins suggested collaborating with Murs, who provided lyrics.\n\nTheir first album, The Ghetto Is Tryna Kill Me was released in June 2013, and followed with a short tour of the eastern United States, including gigs in New York's New Museum, Boston and Washington DC. The album is a concept album around Tyrone White, a young black man from a New York City housing project, who subsequently obtains a recording contract and gets a white girlfriend. Jenifer and Jenkins have described the album Tommy by The Who as an important influence. Reviewing the album, Baltimore City Paper 's Baynard Woods thought the group \"actually manage to do service to punk and hip hop\" and praised the band's sense of humour, particularly the music video for their first single, \"My First White Girl\". Washington City Paper's Marcus J Moore described the video for the group's \"Warn A Brotha\" as \"a cool ode to skateboarding\".", "response": "The White Mandingos was formed in late 2012, and their first album 'The Guetto is Tryna Kill Me' was released in June 2013.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "Extract what previous provinces Kardzhali a part of in the past", "context": "The territory of Kardzhali province was acquired by Bulgaria during the First Balkan War in 1912. In 1913 the region was organized as the district (\u043e\u043a\u0440\u044a\u0433, okr\u0103g in Bulgarian) of Mestanli. This district was part of Stara Zagora province from 1934 until 1949, then it was transferred to the newly formed Haskovo district. In 1959 Kardzhali became the center of a new district with similar borders to the current province. Between 1987 and 1999, the region was part of Haskovo Province, after which it was restored, now as a province and with slightly changed borders.", "response": "Kardzhali was once a part of Stara Zagora province and Haskovo Province until it was restored in 1999", "category": "information_extraction"}
{"instruction": "how to do a self-diagnose of burning out?", "context": "", "response": "Examples to look out for burning out including: Inability to stop thinking about work even when you\u2019re not at work; Relationships with either co-workers or families and friends suffer; Feeling unexplained aches and pains; You spend lots of money outsourcing various personal tasks; Feeling mentally strained- with no plans for vacations; You wonder where you\u2019ll be in the future.", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "What causes mortgage interest rates to rise in the US?", "context": "", "response": "Mortgage rates are tied to many factors including the inflation, economic growth, and the Federal Reserve's (Fed) monetary policy. For instance, if the Fed increases rates, this usually results in increased mortgate rates since banks need to ensure that the loan can achieve better returns than investing in US bonds.", "category": "open_qa"}
{"instruction": "Give me some movie/tv series to learn English", "context": "", "response": "There are several tv series that can be used to learn English. \n\n1. \"Friends\" is an American television sitcom that lasts ten seasons from Sep 22, 1994 to May 6, 2004. The show revolves around six friends in their 20s and 30s who live in Manhattan, New York City. The language used in Friends is casual and not challenging to understand. Watching Friends to learn English will help you to build up your vocabulary. \n\n2. \"The Big Bang Theory\" is an American television sitcom about two physicists at Caltech who share an apartment and their friends. The show has some challenging English word that requires some domain knowledge to understand. This show is recommended to people who have an intermediate English level.", "category": "brainstorming"}
{"instruction": "Who was Luis Gonzalez de Ubieta", "context": "Luis Gonz\u00e1lez de Ubieta y Gonz\u00e1lez del Campillo (1899 \u2013 1950) was an admiral of the Spanish Republican Navy during the Spanish Civil War. He died in exile as the captain of the Panamanian merchant vessel Chiriqui, refusing to be rescued when the ship under his command sank in the Caribbean Sea not far from Barranquilla.", "response": "Luis Gonzalez de Ubieta y Gonzalez del Campillo (1899 \u2013 1950) was an admiral of the Spanish Republican Navy during the Spanish Civil War. He died in exile as the captain of the Panamanian merchant vessel Chiriqui, refusing to be rescued when the ship under his command sank in the Caribbean Sea not far from Barranquilla.", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "What of the following component part of either Data Engineering or  Machine learning? Delta Live Table (DLT), MLFlow, Autoloader, AutoML", "context": "", "response": "Delta Live Table (DLT) is used to Data Engineering, MLFlow is used for Machine Learning, Autoloader is used to Data Engineering, AutoML is used for Machine Learning", "category": "classification"}
{"instruction": "List 10 highest-grossing actors in the world.", "context": "The following are non-definitive lists of the actors with the highest career-film grosses. There are box-office gross revenue lists, which are not adjusted for inflation, as well as lists for the number of box-office ticket sales. Because of the long-term effects of inflation on movie theater ticket prices, a list unadjusted for inflation gives far more weight to later actors. Therefore, the gross revenue lists are largely meaningless for comparing acting careers widely separated in time, as many actors from earlier eras will never appear on a modern unadjusted list, despite their films' achieving higher commercial success when adjusted for price increases.", "response": "The following are non-definitive lists of the actors with the highest career-film grosses. There are box-office gross revenue lists, which are not adjusted for inflation, as well as lists for the number of box-office ticket sales. Because of the long-term effects of inflation on movie theater ticket prices, a list unadjusted for inflation gives far more weight to later actors. Therefore, the gross revenue lists are largely meaningless for comparing acting careers widely separated in time, as many actors from earlier eras will never appear on a modern unadjusted list, despite their films' achieving higher commercial success when adjusted for price increases.\n\nLead roles\nThis list only includes leading roles and lead ensemble roles, including voice acting. The list is updated as of 12 January 2023.\n\nRank\tActor\tWorldwide total\tTop-grossing film\tFilms\tAverage\n1\tScarlett Johansson\t$14,519,031,650\tAvengers: Endgame ($2,794,731,755)\t33\t$439,970,656\n2\tRobert Downey Jr.\t$14,393,065,668\tAvengers: Endgame ($2,794,731,755)\t43\t$334,722,457\n3\tSamuel L. Jackson\t$14,376,505,937\tAvengers: Endgame ($2,794,731,755)\t64\t$224,632,905\n4\tZoe Salda\u00f1a\t$12,805,874,340\tAvatar ($2,899,384,102)\t30\t$426,862,478\n5\tChris Hemsworth\t$11,958,567,765\tAvengers: Endgame ($2,794,731,755)\t25\t$478,342,711\n6\tChris Pratt\t$11,742,796,476\tAvengers: Endgame ($2,794,731,755)\t23\t$510,556,369\n7\tTom Cruise\t$11,547,725,996\tTop Gun: Maverick ($1,487,575,965)\t43\t$268,551,767\n8\tChris Evans\t$11,277,890,989\tAvengers: Endgame ($2,794,731,755)\t29\t$388,892,793\n9\tTom Hanks\t$10,704,310,520\tToy Story 4 ($1,073,064,540)\t55\t$194,623,828\n10\tVin Diesel\t$10,537,096,327\tAvengers: Infinity War ($2,048,359,754)\t27\t$390,262,827", "category": "closed_qa"}
{"instruction": "what is Stoicism", "context": "Stoicism is a school of Hellenistic philosophy founded by Zeno of Citium in Athens in the early 3rd century BCE. It is a philosophy of personal virtue ethics informed by its system of logic and its views on the natural world, asserting that the practice of virtue is both necessary and sufficient to achieve eudaimonia (happiness, lit.\u2009'good spiritedness'): one flourishes by living an ethical life. The Stoics identified the path to eudaimonia with a life spent practicing virtue and living in accordance with nature.\n\nAlongside Aristotelian ethics, the Stoic tradition forms one of the major founding approaches to virtue ethics. The Stoics are especially known for teaching that \"virtue is the only good\" for human beings, and that external things, such as health, wealth, and pleasure, are not good or bad in themselves (adiaphora) but have value as \"material for virtue to act upon\". Many Stoics\u2014such as Seneca and Epictetus\u2014emphasized that because \"virtue is sufficient for happiness\", a sage would be emotionally resilient to misfortune. The Stoics also held that certain destructive emotions resulted from errors of judgment, and they believed people should aim to maintain a will (called prohairesis) that is \"in accordance with nature\". Because of this, the Stoics thought the best indication of an individual's philosophy was not what a person said but how a person behaved. To live a good life, one had to understand the rules of the natural order since they believed everything was rooted in nature.\n\nStoicism flourished throughout the Roman and Greek world until the 3rd century CE, and among its adherents was Emperor Marcus Aurelius. It experienced a decline after Christianity became the state religion in the 4th century CE. Since then, it has seen revivals, notably in the Renaissance (Neostoicism) and in the contemporary era (modern Stoicism).", "response": "Stoicism is a school of Hellenistic philosophy founded by Zeno of Citium in Athens in the early 3rd century BCE. It is a philosophy of personal virtue ethics informed by its system of logic and its views on the natural world, asserting that the practice of virtue is both necessary and sufficient to achieve eudaimonia (happiness, lit.\u2009'good spiritedness'): one flourishes by living an ethical life. The Stoics identified the path to eudaimonia with a life spent practicing virtue and living in accordance with nature.\n\nAlongside Aristotelian ethics, the Stoic tradition forms one of the major founding approaches to virtue ethics. The Stoics are especially known for teaching that \"virtue is the only good\" for human beings, and that external things, such as health, wealth, and pleasure, are not good or bad in themselves (adiaphora) but have value as \"material for virtue to act upon\". Many Stoics\u2014such as Seneca and Epictetus\u2014emphasized that because \"virtue is sufficient for happiness\", a sage would be emotionally resilient to misfortune. The Stoics also held that certain destructive emotions resulted from errors of judgment, and they believed people should aim to maintain a will (called prohairesis) that is \"in accordance with nature\". Because of this, the Stoics thought the best indication of an individual's philosophy was not what a person said but how a person behaved. To live a good life, one had to understand the rules of the natural order since they believed everything was rooted in nature.\n\nStoicism flourished throughout the Roman and Greek world until the 3rd century CE, and among its adherents was Emperor Marcus Aurelius. It experienced a decline after Christianity became the state religion in the 4th century CE. Since then, it has seen revivals, notably in the Renaissance (Neostoicism) and in the contemporary era (modern Stoicism).", "category": "summarization"}