{
 "name": "NLP",
 "children": [
  {
   "name": "Image and Video Processing",
   "children": [
    {"name": "Image Captioning"},
    {"name": "Video Captioning"},
    {"name": "Optical Character Recognition (OCR)"},
    {"name": "Sign Language and Fingerspelling Recognition"},
    {"name": "Document Layout Analysis (DLA)"}
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Machine Translation (MT)",
   "children": [
    {"name": "Rule-based MT (RBMT)"},
    {"name": "Statistical MT (SMT)"},
    {"name": "Neural MT (NMT)"}
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Learning Paradigms",
   "children": [
    {"name": "Multimodal Learning"},
    {"name": "Transfer Learning"},
    {"name": "Few-shot Learning"},
    {"name": "Reinforcement Learning"},
    {"name": "Supervised Learning"},
    {"name": "Unsupervised Learning"},
    {"name": "Active Learning"},
    {"name": "Adversarial Learning"}    
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Model Architectures",
   "children": [
    {"name": "Transformer Models"},
    {
     "name": "Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs)",
     "children": [
     {"name": "Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Models"}
     ]
    },
    {"name": "Large Language Models (LLMs)"},
    {"name": "Graph Neural Networks (GNNs)"},
    {"name": "Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA)"}
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Multi-agent Communication Systems",
   "children": [
    {"name": "Intelligent Agents"}
   ]
  },
  {
    "name": "Finite State Machines"
  },
   
  {
    "name": "Multilingual NLP"
  },

  {
    "name": "Cross-lingual Application"
  },
   
  {
    "name": "Bilingual Lexicon Induction (BLI)"
  },
  
  {
    "name": "Low-resource Languages"
  },
   
  {
   "name": "Classification Applications",
   "children": [
    {"name": "Multilabel Text Classification"},
    {"name": "Hate and Offensive Speech Detection"},
    {"name": "Intent Detection"},
    {"name": "Email Spam and Phishing Detection"},
    {"name": "Plagiarism Detection"},
    {"name": "Disfluency Detection"},
    {
     "name": "Misinformation Detection",
     "children": [
      {"name": "Fake News Detection"},
      {"name": "Fake Review Detection"}
     ]
    },
    {"name": "Rumor Detection"},
    {"name": "Claim Verification"},
    {"name": "Emotion Detection"},
    {"name": "Sarcasm Detection"},
    {"name": "Humor Detection"},
    {"name": "Stance Detection"},
    {"name": "Personality Trait Prediction"},
    {"name": "Author Detection"},
    {"name": "Irony Detection"},
    {
     "name": "Sentiment Analysis (SA)",
     "children": [
      {"name": "Aspect-Based SA (ABSA)"}
      ]
    },
    {"name": "Hope Speech Detection"}
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Dialogue Systems",
   "children": [
    {"name": "Open Domain Dialogue Systems"},
    {"name": "Chatbots"},
    {"name": "Dialogue State Tracking (DST)"},
    {"name": "Response Generation"}
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Question Answering (QA)",
   "children": [
    {"name": "Visual QA (VQA)"},
    {"name": "Open-Domain QA"},
    {"name": "Multiple Choice QA (MCQA)"},
    {"name": "Community QA"},
    {"name": "Mathematical QA"},
    {"name": "Knowledge Base QA"},
    {"name": "Long Form QA"}
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Domain-specific NLP",
   "children": [
    {
     "name": "Medical and Clinical NLP",
     "children": [
      {"name": "NLP for Mental Health"},
      {"name": "Biomedical NLP"}
     ]
    },
    {
      "name": "NLP for News and Media",
      "children":[
        {"name": "NLP for Social Media"}
      ]
    },
    {"name": "NLP for Climate"},
    {"name": "NLP for the Legal Domain"},
    {"name": "NLP for Finance"},
    {"name": "NLP for Arts",
    "children": [
        {"name": "NLP for Music"},
        {"name": "NLP for Literature"}
    ]},
    {"name": "NLP for Politics"},
    {"name": "NLP for Education"},
    {
     "name": "NLP for Bibliometrics and Scientometrics",
     "children": [
         {"name": "Citation Analysis"}
        ]
    }
    ]
    },
    {
        "name": "Adversarial Attacks and Robustness",
        "children": [
         {"name": "Backdoor Attacks"}
         ]
    },

    {
        "name": "Commonsense Reasoning"
    },
    {
        "name": "Automated Essay Scoring"
    },
    {
        "name": "Discourse Analysis"
    },
    {
        "name": "Audio Generation and Processing",
        "children":[
          {"name": "Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR)"},
          {"name": "Speech Synthesis"}
        ]
    },
    {
        "name": "Prompt Engineering"
    },
    {
        "name": "Authorship Verification"
    },
    {
        "name": "Acronyms and Abbreviations Detection and Expansion"
    },
    {
        "name": "Text Clustering"
    },
    {
        "name": "Topic Modeling"
    },
    {
        "name": "Evaluation Techniques"
    },
     {
        "name": "Ethics"
    },

    
    {"name": "Biases in NLP",
    "children": [
          {"name": "Gender Bias"},
          {"name": "Bias Detection"}
         ]
    },
    {
        "name": "Argument Mining"
    },
    {
        "name": "Embeddings",
        "children": [
         {"name": "Word Embeddings"},
         {"name": "Sentence Embeddings"}
        ]
    },
    {
        "name": "Parsing",
        "children": [
         {"name": "Discourse Parsing"},
         {"name": "Semantic Parsing",
         "children": [
             {"name": "Semantic Role Labeling"}
             ]
         },
         {"name": "Morphological Parsing"},
         {"name": "Syntactic Parsing",
         "children": [
             {"name": "Constituency Parsing"},
             {"name": "Dependency Parsing"}
             ]
         }
        ]
    },
    {
        "name": "Text Preprocessing",
        "children": [
         {"name": "Text Segmentation",
         "children": [
             {"name": "Word Segmentation"},
             {"name": "Sentence Segmentation"}
             ]
         },
         {"name": "Part-of-Speech (POS) Tagging"}
        ]
    },
    {
           "name": "Text Generation",
           "children": [
            {"name": " Text-to-SQL"},
            {"name": "Story Generation",
            "children": [
                {"name": "Narrative Plot in Storytelling"}
                ]
            },
            {"name": "Paraphrase and Rephrase Generation"},
            {"name": "Lyrics Generation"},
            {"name": "Poetry Generation"},
            {"name": "Text Style Transfer"},
            {"name": "Text Simplification"},
            {"name": "Data-to-Text Generation",
            "children": [
                {"name": "Table-to-Text Generation"}
                ]
            }
           ]
       },
    {
        "name": "Data Management and Generation",
        "children": [
         {"name": "Data Analysis"},
         {"name": "Data Preparation",
         "children": [
             {"name": "Annotation Processes"}
             ]
         },
         {"name": "Data Augmentation"}
        ]
    },
   
    {
        "name": "Information Retrieval",
        "children": [
         {"name": "Information Filtering",
           "children":[
             {"name": "Recommender Systems"}
           ]
         },
         {"name": "Search Engines"}
        ]
    },
   
    {
        "name": "Language Change Analysis",
        "children": [
         {"name": "Semantic Change Analysis"}
        ]
    },
    {
        "name": "Automatic Text Summarization",
        "children": [
         {"name": "Abstractive Text Summarization"},
         {"name": "Extractive Text Summarization"},
         {"name": "Document Summarization",
         "children": [
             {"name": "Multi-document Summarization"},
             {"name": "Scientific Document Summarization"}
             ]
         }
        ]
    },
    {
        "name": "Information Extraction",
        "children": [
         {"name": "Named Entity Recognition (NER)",
         "children": [
             {"name": "NER for Nested Entities"}
             ]
         },
         {"name": "Entity Linking"},
         {"name": "Event Extraction"},
         {"name": "Temporal Event Understanding"},
         {"name": "Coreference Resolution"},
         {"name": "Anaphora Resolution"},
         {"name": "Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD)"},
         {"name": "Relation Extraction",
         "children": [
             {"name": "Causality Relations Extraction"}
             ]
         },
         {"name": "Hypernymy Extraction"}
        ]
    },
    {
        "name": "Error Detection and Correction",
        "children": [
         {"name": "Grammatical Error Correction (GEC)"}
        ]
    },
    {
        "name": "Knowledge Representation and Reasoning",
        "children": [
         {"name": "Semantic Web"},
         {"name": "Knowledge Graphs"},
         {"name": "Taxonomy Construction"},
         {"name": "Ontologies",
         "children": [
             {"name": "Ontology Construction"},
             {"name": "Ontology Matching"},
             {"name": "Ontology Extension "}
             ]
         },
         {"name": "Multihop Reasoning"},
         {"name": "Link Prediction"},
         {"name": "Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR)"}
        ]
    },
    {
        "name": "Figurative Language",
        "children": [
         {"name": "Idiomatic Expressions"},
         {"name": "Metaphors"}
        ]
    },

    {
        "name": "Software Development"
    },

    {
        "name": "Infrastructure or Platform Development"
    },

    {
        "name": "Explainability and Interpretability"
    },

    {
        "name": "Natural Language Inference (NLI)"
    },

    {
        "name": "Human-machine Interaction"
    },

    {
        "name": "Robotics"
    }

]
}