[ { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the verbal irony in this text suggest?\nAccording to Mr. Herrera's kids, his snoring is as quiet as a jackhammer.\n\n0. The snoring is loud.\n1. The snoring occurs in bursts." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAs quiet as a jackhammer suggests that the snoring is loud. A jackhammer is not quiet, and neither is Mr. Herrera's snoring.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought.\nRehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing a subject. It doesn't tell who is rehearsing.\nThe band I'm in.\nThis fragment is missing a verb. It doesn't tell what the band I'm in is doing.\nBecause we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing an independent clause. It doesn't tell what happened because of the concert.\n\nQuestion:\nIs this a sentence fragment?\nDuring the construction of Mount Rushmore, approximately eight hundred million pounds of rock from the mountain to create the monument.\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This is a sentence fragment. It does not express a complete thought.\nDuring the construction of Mount Rushmore, approximately eight hundred million pounds of rock from the mountain to create the monument.\nHere is one way to fix the sentence fragment:\nDuring the construction of Mount Rushmore, approximately eight hundred million pounds of rock were removed from the mountain to create the monument.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a play?\n\n0. A breath of Fresh Air\n1. A Breath of Fresh Air" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word of is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is A Breath of Fresh Air.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Daffodil's phenotype for the horns trait?\n\n0. not having horns\n1. having horns" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Daffodil's genotype for the horns gene is HH. Daffodil's genotype of HH has only H allelles. The H allele is for not having horns. So, Daffodil's phenotype for the horns trait must be not having horns.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Daffodil's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for having horns (h) is recessive to the allele for not having horns (H). This means H is a dominant allele, and h is a recessive allele.\nDaffodil's genotype of HH has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Daffodil's phenotype for the horns trait must be not having horns.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\nA light spattering of raindrops fell upon the stadium, () the fans' cheeks.\n\n0. landing on\n1. kissing" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Complete the sentence with the word kissing. It describes the raindrops as if they were people showing affection.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentences.\nEarthquakes start () Earth's surface. During an earthquake, ().\n\n0. above . . . the ground shakes\n1. above . . . the ground gets colder\n2. below . . . the ground shakes\n3. below . . . the ground gets colder" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "When an earthquake happens, the ground shakes. The word earthquake comes from the words earth and quake. The word earth means ground, and the word quake means to shake.\nAll earthquakes start below Earth's surface.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nAriel gazed at the ancient pug that seemed to sleep all day and noted, \"You're an energetic puppy!\"\n\n0. idiom\n1. verbal irony" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAn energetic puppy shows verbal irony because an old, exhausted dog is far from an energetic puppy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nMichael dropped out of college to travel the world, but a year later, the prodigal son returned home and re-enrolled.\n\n0. the Bible\n1. British history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion prodigal son is the Bible.\nIn a Biblical parable, the prodigal son irresponsibly spends the inheritance given to him by his father. When he returns home, he expects to be shamed, but his father forgives him.\nThe allusion prodigal son means a person who behaves recklessly but later makes a repentant return.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a car's gas tank?\n\n0. 40 milliliters\n1. 40 liters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of a car's gas tank is 40 liters.\n40 milliliters is too little.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Austen acquired this trait?\n\n0. Austen can cook food over a fire.\n1. Austen learned how to build a fire at summer camp." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Many plants have flowers. These plants can use their flowers to reproduce, or make new plants like themselves. How do plants use their flowers to reproduce?\nFirst, the male part of the flower makes pollen, and the female part makes eggs. Animals, wind, or water can move pollen. Pollination is what happens when pollen is moved to the female part of the flower.\nAfter pollination, sperm from the pollen can combine with the eggs. This is called fertilization. The fertilized eggs grow into seeds. The fruit grows around the seeds. Later, a seed can fall out of the fruit. It can germinate, or start to grow into a new plant.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following is true about seeds?\n\n0. Seeds come in many shapes. But all seeds are black.\n1. Seeds can come in many shapes and colors.\n2. Seeds come in many colors. But all seeds are round." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Seeds can be big or small. This coconut seed is big.\nSeeds can be many different shapes. These maple seeds are long and flat.\nSeeds can be many different colors. These mustard seeds are yellow.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the temperature of the air on a cold, rainy day?\n\n0. 41\u00b0C\n1. 41\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the temperature of the air on a cold, rainy day is 41\u00b0F.\n41\u00b0C is too hot.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the slowest will go the shortest distance in that time. It is moving at the lowest speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of three ships. Which ship was moving at the lowest speed?\n\n0. a ship that moved 555kilometers west in 10hours\n1. a ship that moved 95kilometers south in 10hours\n2. a ship that moved 460kilometers south in 10hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each ship moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each ship moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each ship moved for 10 hours. The ship that moved 95 kilometers moved the shortest distance in that time. So, that ship must have moved at the lowest speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Sasha's phenotype for the fur length trait?\n\n0. Ff\n1. short fur" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Sasha's observable version of the fur length trait is short fur. So, Sasha's phenotype for the fur length trait is short fur.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. Those carpenters use wood to build stairways and doorframes.\n1. Our dog Rusty had rolled around in the mud, so we gave him a bath." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction so.\nOur dog Rusty had rolled around in the mud, so we gave him a bath.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A force is a push or a pull.\nA force can make an object start moving or stop an object that is moving. A force can also make an object speed up, slow down, or change direction.\nForces can be different sizes.\nThink about trying to move a heavy object and a light object. Imagine you want to move them at the same speed. You will need to use a larger force to move the heavy object.\n\nQuestion:\nThe shopper lifts each bag at the same speed. Which bag is lifted with a larger force?\n\n0. a bag holding 4 pounds of food\n1. a bag holding 5 pounds of food" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look for the shopping bag that is heavier.\nA shopping bag holding 5 pounds of food is heavier than a shopping bag holding 4 pounds of food. So, the bag holding 5 pounds needs a larger force to start moving upward at the same speed as the other bag.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Rosa inherited this trait?\n\n0. Rosa's hair is the same color as her brown eyes.\n1. Rosa's father has brown eyes. He passed this trait down to Rosa." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nDid you really vote for Richard as class treasurer? Didn't you hear that his uncle was imprisoned for embezzling $1.5 million?\n\n0. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\n1. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Richard can't be trusted with money, because his uncle embezzled money. However, even though his uncle couldn't be trusted with money, that doesn't necessarily mean that Richard can't be trusted with it. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nSalt and vinegar removing tarnish from a penny is a ().\n\n0. physical change\n1. chemical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Salt and vinegar removing tarnish from a penny is a chemical change. The salt and vinegar change the tarnish into a different type of matter that can be easily wiped away. This makes the penny look shiny again.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word import on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nill - industry\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince import is between the guide words ill - industry, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the allusion in this text suggest?\nTyler seems to have the Midas touch. Without any special experience or training, he launched a thriving business and then established a well-respected charity.\n\n0. Tyler is successful at all that he does.\n1. Tyler has a hands-on approach to his work." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nThe allusion the Midas touch suggests that Tyler is successful at all that he does. In Greek mythology, King Midas has the power to turn anything he touches into gold, easily creating value from nothing.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a complex sentence?\n\n0. According to many scholars, the 1798 publication of Lyrical Ballads by Samuel Taylor Coleridge and William Wordsworth began the romantic period in English literature.\n1. Although presidential elections take place in early November, a president's term does not begin until the end of January." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction although.\nAlthough presidential elections take place in early November, a president's term does not begin until the end of January.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. slide\n1. ride\n2. made" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words slide and ride rhyme. They both end with the ide sound.\nThe word made does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Dear Grandpa Tim,\n1. Dear grandpa Tim," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Grandpa Tim is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Alec acquired this trait?\n\n0. Alec knits sweaters using cotton, wool, and other types of yarn.\n1. Alec learned how to knit in an after school program." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the verbal irony in this text suggest?\n\"It was my good luck to have to study for a test while all my friends went to the water park,\" Noah remarked.\n\n0. Noah wanted time to catch up on his responsibilities.\n1. Noah was upset about staying home." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nGood luck ironically suggests that Noah was upset about staying home. Noah was actually unlucky because he couldn't join his friends at the water park.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\ncooking a pancake\nrust forming on a bicycle frame\n\n0. Both are caused by heating.\n1. Both are caused by cooling.\n2. Both are only physical changes.\n3. Both are chemical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nCooking a pancake is a chemical change. Pancakes are made from pancake batter. A cooked pancake is a different type of matter than pancake batter. Pancake batter is wet and slippery. Cooked pancakes are fluffy and can be good to eat!\nRust forming on a bicycle frame is a chemical change. Oxygen in the air reacts with iron in the bicycle frame. The outside of the frame turns into a different type of matter called rust. Rust is reddish-brown and falls apart easily.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nCooking is caused by heating. But rust forming on a bicycle frame is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one animal that has all of the bird traits listed above.\n\n0. Burmese pythons hatch from eggs with shells. They can grow to over 12 feet long! Their scaly, waterproof skin is brown and black.\n1. Peregrine falcons are the fastest animals in the world! They use their wings to fly quickly and hunt prey. Peregrine falcons also have a beak and feathers. They hatch from eggs with speckled or spotted shells." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nBirds have the following traits:\nThey have feathers.\nThey have wings.\nThey have a beak.\nThey make eggs with shells.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA Burmese python has the following traits:\nIt has scaly, waterproof skin.\nIt makes eggs with shells.\nA Burmese python does not have all of the traits of a bird. A Burmese python is a reptile.\nA peregrine falcon has the following traits:\nIt has feathers.\nIt has wings.\nIt has a beak.\nIt makes eggs with shells.\nA peregrine falcon has the traits of a bird. A peregrine falcon is a bird.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nIt got down to 3\u00b0C in Athens, Greece, last night!\n\n0. weather\n1. climate" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nIt got down to 3\u00b0C in Athens, Greece, last night!\nThis passage tells you about the temperature in Athens last night. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Authors use different text structures to organize their ideas in writing. Learning to identify these structures will help you to understand the relationships between ideas in informational texts. You can also use these structures to organize your own writing.\nA cause-effect structure presents the causes and the effects of a particular event, trend, or situation. This structure often uses words and phrases such as because, since, as a result, due to, or consequently.\nA compare-contrast structure presents similarities (comparisons) and differences (contrasts) between two or more things. This structure often uses words and phrases such as like, similarly, or in the same way (for comparing) or on the other hand, in contrast, or unlike (for contrasting).\nA problem-solution structure presents a problem and suggests one or more possible solutions. This structure often uses words such as issue, question, puzzle, propose, and answer.\nA sequential structure describes a series of events that happens in a certain order. This structure often uses specific dates and times or words such as first, next, during, finally, and while.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich organizational structure does this text primarily use?\n\n0. compare-contrast\n1. problem-solution" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a problem-solution structure to show how architect I.M. Pei modernized the Louvre with an entrance that complemented the existing building. In the text, certain words and phrases help to organize ideas in a problem-solution structure. Notice the phrases difficult assignment and brilliant success.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nDon't ever get a ride from Mariana. Her brother has been driving for only six months, and he's already gotten three speeding tickets.\n\n0. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something\n1. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Mariana must be a reckless driver, because her brother is a reckless driver. However, even though Mariana's brother is reckless, that doesn't necessarily mean that Mariana is, too. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Dear dr. hoffman,\n1. Dear Dr. Hoffman," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Dr. Hoffman is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Chanel's phenotype for the fur length trait?\n\n0. short fur\n1. long fur" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Chanel's genotype for the fur length gene is FF. Chanel's genotype of FF has only F allelles. The F allele is for short fur. So, Chanel's phenotype for the fur length trait must be short fur.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Chanel's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for short fur (F) is dominant over the allele for long fur (f). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nChanel's genotype of FF has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Chanel's phenotype for the fur length trait must be short fur.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Lee acquired this trait?\n\n0. Lee is most interested in human biology.\n1. Lee learned biology by reading, observing, and experimenting." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich organ coordinates muscle movement?\n\n0. lungs\n1. heart\n2. skeleton\n3. brain" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the vertebrate.\n\n0. black widow spider\n1. bull ant\n2. Yangtze alligator\n3. atlas moth" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A bull ant is an insect. Like other insects, a bull ant is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA Yangtze alligator is a reptile. Like other reptiles, a Yangtze alligator is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nAn atlas moth is an insect. Like other insects, an atlas moth is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nLike other spiders, a black widow spider is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the least thermal energy?\n\n0. a bowl of oatmeal at a temperature of 28\u00b0C\n1. a bowl of oatmeal at a temperature of 22\u00b0C\n2. a bowl of oatmeal at a temperature of 41\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All three bowls of oatmeal have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 22\u00b0C bowl of oatmeal is the coldest, it has the least thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a can of soup?\n\n0. 12 ounces\n1. 12 tons\n2. 12 pounds" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the mass of a can of soup is 12 ounces.\n12 pounds and 12 tons are both too heavy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nThe grave's a fine and private place,\nBut none, I think, do there embrace.\n\u2014Andrew Marvell, \"To His Coy Mistress\"\n\n0. understatement\n1. paradox" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses understatement, which involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nNone, I think, do there embrace is an understatement, since people who have died obviously can't do anything at all.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is the most flexible?\n\n0. burlap sack\n1. wax crayons\n2. concrete steps" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Flexible is a property. A flexible material can be bent without breaking easily.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine bending the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the burlap sack is the most flexible. If you twist burlap fabric, it will not break.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nEaster is an important holiday in which religion?\n\n0. Hinduism\n1. Christianity\n2. Islam\n3. Judaism" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Easter is an important holiday in Christianity. People who practice Christianity are called Christians.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement and always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn imperative sentence makes a request or a demand and usually ends with a period. If a demand shows strong feeling, it can end with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn interrogative sentence asks a question and always ends with a question mark.\nGiven the recent critiques of her new strategic plan, do you think the CEO will reconsider the company's direction?\nAn exclamatory sentence is a statement that shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamation always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nWhy is your position on sales tax so different from your stance toward related issues?\n\n0. interrogative\n1. imperative\n2. declarative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence asks a question and ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word can in its traditional sense?\n\n0. As they observed the animals on the open grassland, the wildlife photographer said to Kevin, \"Did you know that cheetahs can run as fast as seventy-five miles per hour?\"\n1. As they observed the cheetahs on the open grassland, the wildlife photographer said to Kevin, \"You can borrow my camera if you want.\"" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses can in its traditional sense: to have the ability to.\nAs they observed the animals on the open grassland, the wildlife photographer said to Kevin, \"Did you know that cheetahs can run as fast as seventy-five miles per hour?\"\nThe second text uses can in its nontraditional sense: to have permission to.\nAs they observed the cheetahs on the open grassland, the wildlife photographer said to Kevin, \"You can borrow my camera if you want.\"\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word can because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\nThe stars () as we gazed up in wonder.\n\n0. glowed\n1. winked" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Complete the sentence with the word winked. It describes the stars as if they were people looking down and noticing us.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\npile - push\n\n0. pecan\n1. pot" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince pot is between the guide words pile - push, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich change best matches the sentence?\nAn area becomes less wet and less green after years with no rain.\n\n0. drought\n1. erosion\n2. landslide" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word disinterested in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Patrick is disinterested in reading page after page of restaurant reviews on the Internet; he prefers to try out new restaurants for himself and make up his own mind.\n1. The restaurant reviews on this website are not exactly disinterested\u2014restaurants can pay to remove unflattering reviews\u2014but Patrick still finds it useful for finding new places to eat." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses disinterested in its traditional sense: unbiased or impartial.\nThe restaurant reviews on this website are not exactly disinterested\u2014restaurants can pay to remove unflattering reviews\u2014but Patrick still finds it useful for finding new places to eat.\nThe second text uses disinterested in its nontraditional sense: uninterested or indifferent.\nPatrick is disinterested in reading page after page of restaurant reviews on the Internet; he prefers to try out new restaurants for himself and make up his own mind.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word disinterested because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich change better matches the sentence?\nWater builds up in a city after heavy rain.\n\n0. drought\n1. flood" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nI don't trust Professor Chang's findings. Another researcher at her university was caught falsifying data. So, it's likely Professor Chang has, too.\n\n0. straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n1. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something\n2. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Professor Chang's research is untrustworthy because someone else at her university was caught falsifying data. However, this isn't necessarily true. The practices of one researcher at a university do not necessarily reflect the practices of another researcher at the same university. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nSappy love songs are Kryptonite to my otherwise stoic father.\n\n0. U.S. history\n1. a comic" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Kryptonite is a comic.\nKryptonite, matter from Superman's home planet, is the only thing that can reduce the superhero's strength.\nThe allusion Kryptonite means a source of weakness.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A thermometer is a tool that measures temperature. Temperature can be measured in degrees. The symbol for degrees is \u00b0.\nSome thermometers measure temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F). Fahrenheit is one scale used to measure temperature.\nThis is a tube thermometer. It has a tube filled with a red liquid.\nThere is a Fahrenheit scale along the right side of the tube. The top of the red liquid lines up with the number 80 on the scale. So, the temperature shown by this thermometer is 80\u00b0F.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the temperature shown by this thermometer.\n\n0. 105\u00b0F\n1. 95\u00b0F\n2. 70\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Find the top of the red liquid.\nNow look at the scale to the right. The top of the red liquid is halfway between 90 and 100. So, the temperature is 95\u00b0F.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a complex sentence?\n\n0. Despite their large size, grizzly bears can run at speeds of up to thirty miles per hour.\n1. In the early morning, I drank tea by a spice stall as the Turkish bazaar came to life." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction as.\nIn the early morning, I drank tea by a spice stall as the Turkish bazaar came to life.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nWe will miss you very much!\n\n0. past tense\n1. future tense\n2. present tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, miss. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the vertebrate.\n\n0. pipevine swallowtail butterfly\n1. ladybug\n2. great blue heron\n3. crown jellyfish" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A ladybug is an insect. Like other insects, a ladybug is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA great blue heron is a bird. Like other birds, a great blue heron is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nLike other jellyfishes, a crown jellyfish is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a soft body.\nA pipevine swallowtail butterfly is an insect. Like other insects, a pipevine swallowtail butterfly is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Jinx's genotype for the agouti fur gene?\n\n0. aa\n1. not having agouti fur" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Jinx has two alleles for not having agouti fur (a). So, Jinx's genotype for the agouti fur gene is aa.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of an elephant?\n\n0. 6,090 kilograms\n1. 6,090 grams" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the mass of an elephant is 6,090 kilograms.\n6,090 grams is too light.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a kiddie pool?\n\n0. 275 gallons\n1. 275 cups\n2. 275 fluid ounces" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the volume of a kiddie pool is 275 gallons.\n275 fluid ounces and 275 cups are both too little.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words are made up of syllables. Two kinds of syllables are closed and open.\nA closed syllable has one vowel and ends with a consonant. It usually has a short vowel sound.\ndesk: short e\nkit / ten: short i / short e\nAn open syllable ends with one vowel. It usually has a long vowel sound.\ngo: long o\nhe / ro: long e / long o\nSome open syllables end with y. The y makes a long e sound or a long i sound.\nsky: long i\nba / by: long a / long e\n\nQuestion:\nLook at the word. Does it have a closed syllable or an open syllable?\nmen\n\n0. closed\n1. open" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The word men ends with a consonant and has a short vowel sound. So, it has a closed syllable.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Oliver's genotype for the agouti fur gene?\n\n0. AA\n1. having agouti fur" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Oliver has two alleles for having agouti fur (A). So, Oliver's genotype for the agouti fur gene is AA.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nYesterday's tennis match was a classic David and Goliath story, with Stanley playing against his former team captain, Richard.\n\n0. the Bible\n1. a poem" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion David and Goliath is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, a young man named David slays Goliath, a giant and champion warrior, using nothing more than a sling and a stone.\nThe allusion David and Goliath means involving unequal rivals.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\na piece of apple turning brown\nbleaching clothes\n\n0. Both are chemical changes.\n1. Both are only physical changes.\n2. Both are caused by cooling.\n3. Both are caused by heating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nA piece of apple turning brown is a chemical change. The apple reacts with oxygen in the air and turns into a different type of matter.\nIf you scrape off the brown layer of the apple, the inside is still white. The inside hasn't touched the air. So the chemical change didn't happen to that part of the apple.\nBleaching clothes is a chemical change. The bleach reacts with dark stains on the clothes. The reaction changes the stains into different types of matter that wash away easily.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Jayden decides to take a trip to Nevada. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Jayden will enjoy his trip to Nevada more than he would have enjoyed a trip to Connecticut.\n1. Jayden will spend more money. Plane tickets for Jayden to get to Nevada are more expensive than tickets to Connecticut." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Jayden wants or needs:\nJayden will spend more money. Plane tickets for Jayden to get to Nevada are more expensive than tickets to Connecticut.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a hammer?\n\n0. 24 centimeters\n1. 24 meters\n2. 24 millimeters\n3. 24 kilometers" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a hammer is 24 centimeters.\n24 millimeters is too short. 24 meters and 24 kilometers are too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object.\n\nQuestion:\nAssume all other forces on Kylie are balanced. Which statement describes the forces on Kylie?\n\n0. The forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Kylie.\n1. The forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Kylie." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To determine if there is a net force on Kylie, look at the forces:\nEarth's gravity is pulling Kylie down with a force of 600 N.\nThe seat of the cart is pushing Kylie up with a force of 1,200 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have different magnitudes: 600 N and 1,200 N. This means that the forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Kylie.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one substance that is not a mineral.\n\n0. Graphite is formed in nature. It is a pure substance.\n1. A brick is made by humans. It is not a pure substance.\n2. Quartz is formed in nature. It is a pure substance." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nA brick is made by humans. But minerals are not made by living things.\nA brick is not a pure substance. But all minerals are pure substances.\nSo, a brick is not a mineral.\nQuartz is a mineral.\nGraphite is a mineral.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a bike path?\n\n0. 3 centimeters\n1. 3 kilometers" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the length of a bike path is 3 kilometers.\n3 centimeters is too short.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the slowest will go the shortest distance in that time. It is moving at the lowest speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of three speedboats. Which speedboat was moving at the lowest speed?\n\n0. a speedboat that moved 890kilometers west in 10hours\n1. a speedboat that moved 880kilometers north in 10hours\n2. a speedboat that moved 360kilometers west in 10hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each speedboat moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each speedboat moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each speedboat moved for 10 hours. The speedboat that moved 360 kilometers moved the shortest distance in that time. So, that speedboat must have moved at the lowest speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nRegan has naturally dark skin.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Humans do not choose their skin color. Babies get their skin color from their parents. So, Regan's skin color is an inherited trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a leather belt?\n\n0. 75 centimeters\n1. 75 meters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the length of a leather belt is 75 centimeters.\n75 meters is too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nmelting glass\ncooking an egg\n\n0. Both are only physical changes.\n1. Both are caused by heating.\n2. Both are chemical changes.\n3. Both are caused by cooling." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nMelting glass is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The glass changes from solid to liquid. But a different type of matter is not formed.\nCooking an egg is a chemical change. The heat causes the matter in the egg to change. Cooked egg and raw egg are different types of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nMelting glass is a physical change. But cooking an egg is not.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nCooking an egg is a chemical change. But melting glass is not.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBoth changes are caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a leather belt?\n\n0. 70 kilometers\n1. 70 meters\n2. 70 centimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a leather belt is 70 centimeters.\n70 meters and 70 kilometers are both too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a goat?\n\n0. 75 ounces\n1. 75 pounds\n2. 75 tons" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the mass of a goat is 75 pounds.\n75 ounces is too light and 75 tons is too heavy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word unique in its traditional sense?\n\n0. The Supreme Court case Miranda v. Arizona, which led to the institution of the Miranda warning, was quite unique in that it had significant implications for law enforcement. Only a handful of Supreme Court decisions have had such an impact on daily police procedure.\n1. The Miranda warning, the reading of rights given to a suspect by police prior to questioning, is not unique to the United States; a number of other countries have equivalent rights, including Australia, South Africa, Switzerland, Thailand, and Kazakhstan." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second text uses unique in its traditional sense: being the only one of its kind.\nThe Miranda warning, the reading of rights given to a suspect by police prior to questioning, is not unique to the United States; a number of other countries have equivalent rights, including Australia, South Africa, Switzerland, Thailand, and Kazakhstan.\nThe first text uses unique in its nontraditional sense: interesting or unusual. Miranda v. Arizona was one of a few Supreme Court cases to have implications for law enforcement, so it was not one of a kind in that respect. It may be helpful to remember that if unique is modified by an adverb\u2014as in most unique, very unique, or quite unique\u2014it is probably being used nontraditionally.\nThe Supreme Court case Miranda v. Arizona, which led to the institution of the Miranda warning, was quite unique in that it had significant implications for law enforcement. Only a handful of Supreme Court decisions have had such an impact on daily police procedure.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word unique because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\nThe midday sun () the hikers.\n\n0. glared at\n1. warmed" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Complete the sentence with the phrase glared at. It describes the sun as if it were a person giving an angry look.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Bob had to stay home with his brother because he wasn't feeling well.\n1. Bob's brother wasn't feeling well, so Bob had to stay home with him." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun he could refer to Bob or his brother.\nBob had to stay home with his brother because he wasn't feeling well.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nBob's brother wasn't feeling well, so Bob had to stay home with him.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nEllie practices the drums in her family's garage.\n\n0. present tense\n1. past tense\n2. future tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, practices. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Nancy decides to watch the comedy. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Nancy will get to watch the movie that she is more excited about.\n1. Nancy will give up the chance to watch a movie with her sister." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Nancy wants or needs:\nNancy will give up the chance to watch a movie with her sister.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nCamilla plays basketball.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People are not born knowing how to play basketball. Instead, some people learn how to play basketball. Playing the sport takes practice. So, playing basketball is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Haley investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Does a cell phone charge more quickly when it is turned on or when it is turned off?\n1. Does a tablet charge faster with a two-foot-long charging cable or a five-foot-long charging cable?\n2. Does a cell phone charge faster when plugged into a wall outlet or into a computer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nClara told her friends that Farid was a typical Peter Pan type.\n\n0. a song\n1. literature" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Peter Pan is literature.\nIn a J. M. Barrie novel, the character Peter Pan retreats to Neverland and refuses to grow up.\nThe allusion Peter Pan means a person who won't take on adult responsibilities.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is harder?\n\n0. ceramic mug\n1. cotton apron" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Hard is a property. A hard material keeps its shape when you press on it with your finger.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pushing on the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the ceramic mug is harder. If you press on a piece of ceramic, it will not change shape.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a water balloon?\n\n0. 485 milliliters\n1. 485 liters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of a water balloon is 485 milliliters.\n485 liters is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a magazine?\n\n0. Oceans of the Mind\n1. oceans of the mind" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The words of and the are not important, so they should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is Oceans of the Mind.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a TV show?\n\n0. ***You Can't Do That on Television***\n1. \"You Can't Do That on Television\"" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A TV show should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **You Can't Do That on Television**.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Some animals have a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. An animal's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each animal's backbone is colored orange.\nOther animals do not have a backbone. In fact, these animals don't have any bones! Some animals without backbones have a hard outer cover. Other animals have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the animal that does not have a backbone.\n\n0. leaf-curling spider\n1. salmon" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Like other spiders, a leaf-curling spider does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover.\nA salmon is a fish. Like other fish, a salmon has a backbone.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one animal that has all of the bird traits listed above.\n\n0. Chinese alligators live in lakes and streams in eastern China. They lay eggs with shells and live in underground burrows in the winter. Chinese alligators have scaly, waterproof skin.\n1. Blue-footed boobies live on tropical islands in the Pacific Ocean. They have two wings, feathers, and a beak. Blue-footed boobies lay eggs with pale blue shells. They keep the eggs warm with their large blue feet." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nBirds have the following traits:\nThey have feathers.\nThey have wings.\nThey have a beak.\nThey make eggs with shells.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA Chinese alligator has the following traits:\nIt has scaly, waterproof skin.\nIt makes eggs with shells.\nA Chinese alligator does not have all of the traits of a bird. A Chinese alligator is a reptile.\nA blue-footed booby has the following traits:\nIt has feathers.\nIt has wings.\nIt has a beak.\nIt makes eggs with shells.\nA blue-footed booby has the traits of a bird. A blue-footed booby is a bird.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Pablo acquired this trait?\n\n0. Pablo's scar is on his left knee. His mother also has a scar on her left knee.\n1. Pablo's brother has scars on both of his knees.\n2. Pablo's scar was caused by an accident. He cut his leg when he fell off his skateboard." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Poetry is a special kind of writing. It has many elements that make it different from ordinary writing. Knowing these elements can help you talk about poetry, understand it better, and enjoy it more.\nA poem rhymes when it has a pattern of words that end in the same sound.\nEnd rhyme is when the rhymes appear at the end of a poem's lines.\nLittle Betty Blue,\nLost her holiday shoe.\n\u2014From Mother Goose\nInternal rhyme is when at least one of the rhyming words appears inside the poem's lines.\nSweet dreams of pleasant streams.\n\u2014From William Blake, \"A Cradle Song\"\nRhythm is the pattern of strong and weak syllables, or stress, in a poem. You can recognize rhythm in a poem by listening to how it sounds. Poems with regular rhythm have a beat, like in music.\nHe watches from his mountain walls,\nAnd like a thunderbolt he falls.\n\u2014From Alfred, Lord Tennyson, \"The Eagle\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. We say them with more force than the other syllables. In this poem, every weak syllable is followed by a strong syllable. Each line sounds like da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM. To better hear the rhythm, try reading it aloud while clapping on each strong syllable.\nFree verse is when a poem has neither a regular rhythm nor a rhyme pattern.\nThe old bridge has a wrinkled face.\nHe bends his back\nFor us to go over.\n\u2014From Hilda Conkling, \"The Old Bridge\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. You can see this poem does not have a regular rhythm. It also doesn't have a rhyme pattern.\nRepetition is when words, phrases, or whole lines are repeated.\nThe dainty flying squirrel\nIn vest of shining white,\nIn coat of silver gray,\nAnd vest of shining white.\n\u2014Adapted from Mary E. Burt, \"The Flying Squirrel\"\nAlliteration is when beginning consonant sounds are repeated in words that are close together.\nWhere the wild men watched and waited\nWolves in the forest, and bears in the bush.\n\u2014From Bayard Taylor, \"A Night with a Wolf\"\nOnomatopoeia is when language sounds like what it talks about.\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses made-up words:\nTlot-tlot! tlot-tlot! Had they heard it? The horse hoofs ringing clear.\n\u2014From Alfred Noyes, \"The Highwayman\"\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses real words:\nHark! the honey bee is humming.\n\u2014From Mary Howitt, \"The Voice of Spring\"\n\nQuestion:\nChoose the poem that uses repetition.\n\n0. Down, down, down!\nDown to the depths of the sea!\nShe sits at her wheel in the humming town,\nSinging most joyfully.\n1. The poor old year died hard; for all the earth lay cold\nAnd bare beneath the wintry sky;\nWhile gray clouds scurried madly to the west,\nAnd hid the chill young moon from mortal sight." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This poem uses repetition. It repeats words, phrases, or lines.\nDown, down, down!\nDown to the depths of the sea!\nSinging most joyfully.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement. Assume that the water balloon's mass did not change.\nThe gravitational potential energy stored between the water balloon and Earth () as the water balloon fell toward Paul.\n\n0. increased\n1. stayed the same\n2. decreased" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Think about how the distance between the water balloon and the center of Earth changed.\nPaul was lower than the balcony. As the water balloon fell toward Paul, the distance between the water balloon and the center of Earth decreased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the water balloon and Earth decreased as the water balloon fell toward Paul.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nManuel noticed that the sky was filled with cumulus clouds every day last week.\n\n0. weather\n1. climate" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nManuel noticed that the sky was filled with cumulus clouds every day last week.\nThis passage tells you about the clouds Manuel saw last week. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "To stay alive, animal cells must get water and oxygen. Animal cells also produce carbon dioxide, a waste that must be removed. An animal's respiratory and circulatory systems work together to do these jobs.\nAn animal's respiratory system is made up of organs that work together to bring in oxygen gas from the environment. The respiratory system also removes carbon dioxide gas from the animal's body. Some animals have lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the air. Other animals have gills to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with water.\nAn animal's circulatory system is made up of organs that work together to move blood through its body. The heart pumps blood through blood vessels throughout the body. As blood moves through blood vessels, it delivers oxygen, nutrients from food, and water to cells. Blood also absorbs waste, including carbon dioxide. When the blood is pumped into the lungs or gills, it releases carbon dioxide and absorbs oxygen.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich job does the circulatory system do?\n\n0. It breaks down food into small pieces.\n1. It helps remove carbon dioxide waste from the body." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The circulatory system brings oxygen, nutrients, and water to cells. It also helps remove carbon dioxide waste.\nThe circulatory system does not break down food into small pieces. This job is done by the digestive system. After the digestive system breaks down food, blood vessels in the intestines absorb the nutrients from the food. The blood then carries the nutrients to cells throughout the body.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word wild on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nwell - word\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince wild is between the guide words well - word, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nReggie has a scar on his left hand.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word mumble on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nmedicine - mid\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince mumble is not between the guide words medicine - mid, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one animal that has all of the amphibian traits listed above.\n\n0. African elephants have thin hair covering their body. Female elephants feed their offspring milk. Elephants live in groups called herds. The oldest female in the herd is usually the leader.\n1. Gray tree frogs hatch from eggs without shells. They live underwater when they are tadpoles. They move onto land when they become adults. The moist skin of adult gray tree frogs can be green or gray. The color of their skin helps them hide on rocks or plants." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nAmphibians have the following traits:\nThey spend part of their lives in water and part on land.\nThey have moist skin.\nThey make eggs with no shells.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nAn African elephant has the following traits:\nIt feeds its offspring milk.\nIt has hair.\nAn African elephant does not have all of the traits of an amphibian. An African elephant is a mammal.\nA gray tree frog has the following traits:\nIt spends part of its life in water and part on land.\nIt has moist skin.\nIt makes eggs with no shells.\nA gray tree frog has the traits of an amphibian. A gray tree frog is an amphibian.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Roxie's phenotype for the fur color trait?\n\n0. FF\n1. black fur" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Roxie's observable version of the fur color trait is black fur. So, Roxie's phenotype for the fur color trait is black fur.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the invertebrate.\n\n0. macaw\n1. domestic pig\n2. giant wood wasp\n3. tokay gecko" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A macaw is a bird. Like other birds, a macaw is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA domestic pig is a mammal. Like other mammals, a domestic pig is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA giant wood wasp is an insect. Like other insects, a giant wood wasp is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA tokay gecko is a reptile. Like other reptiles, a tokay gecko is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich basketball has a higher temperature?\n\n0. the basketball with more thermal energy\n1. the basketball with less thermal energy" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two basketballs are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the basketball with more thermal energy has a higher temperature.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. China grows most of the wheat in the world.\n1. Mr. Everett cleans the chimney, and Mrs. Everett washes the car." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction and.\nMr. Everett cleans the chimney, and Mrs. Everett washes the car.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Joy inherited this trait?\n\n0. Joy and her mother both wear their hair in braids.\n1. Joy's parents have red hair. They passed down this trait to Joy." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nA rainbow appeared in the sky the day before basketball tryouts, and I made the team! If there's a rainbow when I try out in the spring, I'm sure I'll make the team again.\n\n0. ad hominem: a personal attack against one's opponent\n1. false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that the rainbow is responsible for the speaker making the basketball team. However, even though the speaker made the team after the rainbow appeared, that doesn't necessarily mean that the rainbow was responsible. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as false causation.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a run-on sentence?\n\n0. All the things in the back of the closet.\n1. Jayla is from Springdale now she lives in Dover." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Jayla is from Springdale now she lives in Dover is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined without end punctuation: Jayla is from Springdale and Now she lives in Dover.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Connotation is the feeling or idea that goes along with a word or phrase. Some words are close in meaning but have different connotations.\nFor example, think about the words eager and impatient. They both mean wanting something to happen, but they have different connotations.\nEager has a positive connotation. It is a nice word. An eager person is happy and excited.\nImpatient has a negative connotation. It is not a nice word. An impatient person is often pushy and demanding.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich phrase has a more positive connotation?\n\n0. a cozy house\n1. a small house" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A cozy house has a more positive connotation. A cozy house is small, but it is comfortable and warm.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a basketball court?\n\n0. 28 meters\n1. 28 centimeters\n2. 28 kilometers\n3. 28 millimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a basketball court is 28 meters.\n28 millimeters and 28 centimeters are too short. 28 kilometers is too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a kitchen sink?\n\n0. 26 milliliters\n1. 26 liters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of a kitchen sink is 26 liters.\n26 milliliters is too little.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. The principal said that a lot of students graduating from Oakville High School got into the colleges they wanted to go to.\n1. The principal announced that half of Oakville High School's graduating class had been accepted to their top-choice colleges." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses overly simple or imprecise language (said, a lot of, got into).\nThe first sentence uses more precise language, so it is more formal overall.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Kumal's phenotype for the coat pattern trait?\n\n0. a spotted coat\n1. a black coat" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Kumal's genotype for the coat pattern gene is aa. Kumal's genotype of aa has only a alleles. The a allele is for a spotted coat. So, Kumal's phenotype for the coat pattern trait must be a spotted coat.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Kumal's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a black coat (A) is dominant over the allele for a spotted coat (a). This means A is a dominant allele, and a is a recessive allele.\nKumal's genotype of aa has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Kumal's phenotype for the coat pattern trait must be a spotted coat.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Mer's phenotype for the tail spots trait?\n\n0. a spotted tail\n1. an unspotted tail" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Mer's genotype for the tail spots gene is ii. Mer's genotype of ii has only i alleles. The i allele is for an unspotted tail. So, Mer's phenotype for the tail spots trait must be an unspotted tail.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Mer's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for an unspotted tail (i) is recessive to the allele for a spotted tail (I). This means I is a dominant allele, and i is a recessive allele.\nMer's genotype of ii has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Mer's phenotype for the tail spots trait must be an unspotted tail.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. The paper changes into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nIce melting is also a physical change. When ice melts, it changes from a solid to a liquid. But both ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water! This kind of change is called a change of state.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nCracking open a peanut is a ().\n\n0. chemical change\n1. physical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Cracking open a peanut is a physical change. The peanut shell breaks and the peanut falls out. Both are still made of the same type of matter.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nPresident Ballard is an effective communicator, because he has a natural talent for speaking with people.\n\n0. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\n1. false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that President Ballard is an effective communicator because he communicates well. However, the \"evidence\" is just a restatement of the claim itself. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ngiraffe - grade\n\n0. glossy\n1. generally" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince glossy is between the guide words giraffe - grade, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nrust forming on a bicycle frame\ngrilling a hamburger\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are only physical changes.\n2. Both are caused by heating.\n3. Both are chemical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nRust forming on a bicycle frame is a chemical change. Oxygen in the air reacts with iron in the bicycle frame. The outside of the frame turns into a different type of matter called rust. Rust is reddish-brown and falls apart easily.\nGrilling a hamburger is a chemical change. Heat from the grill causes the matter in the meat to change. Cooked meat and raw meat are different types of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nCooking a hamburger is caused by heating. But rust forming on a bicycle frame is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nusing a large magnet to remove pieces of iron from a junkyard\nsewing an apron\n\n0. Both are only physical changes.\n1. Both are chemical changes.\n2. Both are caused by heating.\n3. Both are caused by cooling." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nUsing a large magnet to remove pieces of iron from a junkyard is a physical change. Both the iron and the magnet are still made of the same type of matter as before.\nSewing an apron is a physical change. The fabric and thread that make up the apron get a new shape, but the type of matter in each of them does not change.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a test tube?\n\n0. 16 liters\n1. 16 milliliters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of a test tube is 16 milliliters.\n16 liters is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word unique in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Elise made all of her daughter's baby clothes by hand, including a unique hand-knitted romper that she designed herself.\n1. Elise wanted her daughter to have a unique name, so she browsed baby name websites for months to find the perfect one." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses unique in its traditional sense: being the only one of its kind.\nElise made all of her daughter's baby clothes by hand, including a unique hand-knitted romper that she designed herself.\nThe second text uses unique in its nontraditional sense: interesting or unusual. Elise may have been looking for an unusual name, but if she found it on a baby name website, it is not actually one of a kind.\nElise wanted her daughter to have a unique name, so she browsed baby name websites for months to find the perfect one.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word unique because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. The average American eats three pounds of sugar each week.\n1. Mike grew too many pumpkins, so he sold the extras at the market." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction so.\nMike grew too many pumpkins, so he sold the extras at the market.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Thor's genotype for the coat pattern gene?\n\n0. a black coat\n1. AA" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Thor has two alleles for a black coat (A). So, Thor's genotype for the coat pattern gene is AA.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word direction on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ndo - duty\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince direction is not between the guide words do - duty, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. I had an old token for my subway fare, but the new system only accepts paper fare cards.\n1. Open and honest communication is the foundation of a healthy relationship." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction but.\nI had an old token for my subway fare, but the new system only accepts paper fare cards.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one substance that is not a mineral.\n\n0. Wood is not a pure substance. It is formed in nature.\n1. Native gold is a solid. It is not made by living things.\n2. Baryte is a pure substance. It is not made by living things." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nNative gold is a mineral.\nBaryte is a mineral.\nWood is not a pure substance. But all minerals are pure substances.\nSo, wood is not a mineral.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text message is more formal?\n\n0. Ms. Wyatt is already here. She's waiting in the lobby.\n1. Heads up! Wyatt is here. In the lobby." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text message is more formal. It uses complete sentences, avoids slang (heads up), and uses the person's title (Ms. Wyatt). The other text message includes more casual language and sentence fragments.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nI've heard that Christine & Co. is downsizing, so I'm happy to see that their store in downtown Greenville will remain open for now.\n\n0. euphemism\n1. apostrophe" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nDownsizing is an indirect way of saying that the company is planning on firing employees, closing shops or branches, and/or reducing its budget.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving faster will go a farther distance in that time. It is moving at a higher speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of two birds. Which bird was moving at a higher speed?\n\n0. a bird that moved 25kilometers in 5hours\n1. a bird that moved 15kilometers in 5hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each bird moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne bird moved 25 kilometers in 5 hours.\nThe other bird moved 15 kilometers in 5 hours.\nNotice that each bird spent the same amount of time moving. The bird that moved 25 kilometers moved a farther distance in that time. So, that bird must have moved at a higher speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\npage - pie\n\n0. peek\n1. proud" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince peek is between the guide words page - pie, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a blender?\n\n0. 60 gallons\n1. 60 cups\n2. 60 fluid ounces" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the volume of a blender is 60 fluid ounces.\n60 cups and 60 gallons are both too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nmilk going sour\nroasting a marshmallow over a campfire\n\n0. Both are chemical changes.\n1. Both are caused by cooling.\n2. Both are caused by heating.\n3. Both are only physical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nMilk going sour is a chemical change. The type of matter in the milk slowly changes. The new matter that is formed gives the milk its sour taste.\nRoasting a marshmallow is a chemical change. The type of matter on the outside of the marshmallow changes. As a marshmallow is roasted, it turns brown and crispy.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nRoasting is caused by heating. But milk going sour is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement and always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn imperative sentence makes a request or a demand and usually ends with a period. If a demand shows strong feeling, it can end with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn interrogative sentence asks a question and always ends with a question mark.\nGiven the recent critiques of her new strategic plan, do you think the CEO will reconsider the company's direction?\nAn exclamatory sentence is a statement that shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamation always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nScarlett considers Paris the most romantic city in the world.\n\n0. exclamatory\n1. declarative\n2. interrogative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is a statement and ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word survey on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nshampoo - silly\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince survey is not between the guide words shampoo - silly, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a soccer field?\n\n0. 115 meters\n1. 115 centimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the length of a soccer field is 115 meters.\n115 centimeters is too short.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the euphemism in this text suggest?\nMr. Chen is enjoying his golden years in a luxurious beachside community just down the street from his grandchildren.\n\n0. Mr. Chen lives near his family.\n1. Mr. Chen is old." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe euphemism golden years indicates that Mr. Chen is old. Golden years is a nicer way of referring to old age.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a book?\n\n0. step by Wicked step\n1. Step by Wicked Step" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word by is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is Step by Wicked Step.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has less thermal energy?\n\n0. a pot of spaghetti sauce at a temperature of 50\u00b0C\n1. a pot of spaghetti sauce at a temperature of 60\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two pots of spaghetti sauce have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 50\u00b0C pot of spaghetti sauce is colder than the 60\u00b0C pot of spaghetti sauce, it has less thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Dear Grandma mia,\n1. Dear Grandma Mia," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Grandma Mia is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nPeter is a real Benedict Arnold. After promising to work on my campaign for class president, he decided to support my opponent.\n\n0. simile\n1. allusion" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nBenedict Arnold alludes to the American general during the Revolutionary War who betrayed his country and fought for the British.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is softer?\n\n0. cotton head band\n1. diamond" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Soft is a property. A soft material changes shape when you press on it.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the cotton head band is softer. If you squeeze cotton fabric, it will change shape.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nWhose responsibility is it to wake the mayor when there is an emergency?\n\n0. exclamatory\n1. declarative\n2. interrogative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence asks something, and it ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nEdward lives in a town with hot summers and freezing cold winters.\n\n0. weather\n1. climate" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nEdward lives in a town with hot summers and freezing cold winters.\nThis passage tells you about the usual temperatures where Edward lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word literally in its traditional sense?\n\n0. The curry that the chef prepared was so spicy that Julian's mouth was literally on fire by the time he finished his meal.\n1. The curry that the chef prepared was so spicy that Julian literally had to drink three glasses of milk to ease the pain." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second text uses literally in its traditional sense: in a factual, non-exaggerated way.\nThe curry that the chef prepared was so spicy that Julian literally had to drink three glasses of milk to ease the pain.\nThe first text uses literally in its nontraditional sense: nearly or in effect (often exaggerated). Julian's mouth may be in pain, but it is not actually on fire.\nThe curry that the chef prepared was so spicy that Julian's mouth was literally on fire by the time he finished his meal.\nMost style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word literally because it is generally considered incorrect.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. Susan McKee is an ace reporter, so it was not surprising that she was nominated for an award.\n1. Susan McKee is an excellent reporter, so it came as no surprise when her work was nominated for an award." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses slang (ace).\nThe first sentence uses formal language in place of the slang, so it is more formal overall.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. Tomorrow the actors will practice their lines onstage.\n1. I pretend to be a knight, and Jeanette pretends to be an astronaut." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction and.\nI pretend to be a knight, and Jeanette pretends to be an astronaut.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nThe girl will take a bath before bed.\n\n0. present tense\n1. past tense\n2. future tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, take. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nKayla, I've told you a million times: you need to dry the dishes before you put them away.\n\n0. hyperbole\n1. oxymoron" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nA million times is an exaggeration, since it is unlikely that Kayla has actually been told this a million times.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nJaylen's leaving his job? That's old news. He's been planning that for months.\n\n0. oxymoron\n1. anaphora" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nOld news is a contradiction, because news is recent information.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is harder?\n\n0. clay tile\n1. paper bag" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Hard is a property. A hard material keeps its shape when you press on it with your finger.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pushing on the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the clay tile is harder. If you step on clay tile, it will not change shape.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nAll for one, one for all.\n\u2014Alexandre Dumas, The Three Musketeers\n\n0. chiasmus\n1. hyperbole" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses chiasmus, an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nThe second half of the sentence reverses the order of the words all and one relative to the first half.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nLee took several incredible panoramic photographs of the sweeping view from the top of Table Mountain.\n\n0. compound\n1. complex\n2. compound-complex\n3. simple" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is simple. It is a single independent clause.\nLee took several incredible panoramic photographs of the sweeping view from the top of Table Mountain.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Amphibians have moist skin and begin their lives in water.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the amphibian.\n\n0. green chameleon\n1. hammerhead shark\n2. western toad\n3. Banggai cardinalfish" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A hammerhead shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nHammerhead sharks get their names from the shape of their heads. They have a wide, flat head and a small mouth.\nA green chameleon is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nChameleons eat insects. They use their long, sticky tongues to catch their prey.\nA western toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nToads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole.\nA Banggai cardinalfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nCardinalfish often live near coral reefs. They are nocturnal, which means that they are active mostly at night.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.\n\nQuestion:\nIs a strawberry a good or a service?\n\n0. a service\n1. a good" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide whether a strawberry is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs a strawberry something you can touch? Yes.\nIs a strawberry a job you might pay someone else to do? No.\nSo, a strawberry is a good.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the euphemism in this text suggest?\nWill is big-boned, so despite being in middle school, he often shops in the men's department.\n\n0. Will has larger bones than most people.\n1. Will is overweight." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe euphemism big-boned suggests that Will is overweight.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. On a date next week TBD, the library will close so that new computers can be installed.\n1. The library will close for one day next week so that new computers can be installed." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses abbreviated language (TBD).\nThe first sentence does not use abbreviated language, so it is more formal.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nJerry has five toes on each foot.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Most humans are born with five toes on each foot. So, having five toes is an inherited trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nshy - spool\n\n0. symbol\n1. slippery" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince slippery is between the guide words shy - spool, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nThe Atacama Desert in Chile is one of the driest places on Earth. It has an average precipitation of only 1.5 centimeters per year.\n\n0. weather\n1. climate" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nThe Atacama Desert in Chile is one of the driest places on Earth. It has an average precipitation of only 1.5 centimeters per year.\nThis passage tells you about the usual precipitation in the Atacama Desert. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Mr. Garza was reaching for the ladle in the gravy bowl when his wife took it away.\n1. Mr. Garza was reaching for the ladle in the gravy bowl when his wife took the ladle away." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to the ladle or the gravy bowl.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the ladle.\nMr. Garza was reaching for the ladle in the gravy bowl when his wife took the ladle away.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. When paper gets hot enough, it reacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, ice melting is a physical change. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nAn icicle forming on the edge of a roof is a ().\n\n0. physical change\n1. chemical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An icicle forming on the edge of a roof is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. Liquid water freezes and becomes solid, but it is still made of water. A different type of matter is not formed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Toriel's phenotype for the coat color trait?\n\n0. a reddish-brown coat\n1. a black coat" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Toriel's genotype for the coat color gene is LL. Toriel's genotype of LL has only L allelles. The L allele is for a black coat. So, Toriel's phenotype for the coat color trait must be a black coat.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Toriel's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a reddish-brown coat (l) is recessive to the allele for a black coat (L). This means L is a dominant allele, and l is a recessive allele.\nToriel's genotype of LL has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Toriel's phenotype for the coat color trait must be a black coat.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Mr. Warren wanted the new employees to fill out their intake forms, but he couldn't find the forms.\n1. Mr. Warren wanted the new employees to fill out their intake forms, but he couldn't find them." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun them could refer to the new employees or their intake forms.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. Them has been replaced with the forms.\nMr. Warren wanted the new employees to fill out their intake forms, but he couldn't find the forms.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have a hard outer cover on their body. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the vertebrate.\n\n0. grasshopper\n1. pig" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A pig is a mammal. Like other mammals, a pig is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA grasshopper is an insect. Like other insects, a grasshopper is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\na copper statue turning green\nbaking an apple pie\n\n0. Both are only physical changes.\n1. Both are chemical changes.\n2. Both are caused by cooling.\n3. Both are caused by heating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nA copper statue turning green is a chemical change. The copper reacts with oxygen in the air. This reaction forms a different type of matter called copper oxide. The copper oxide is green.\nBaking an apple pie is a chemical change. The type of matter in the pie changes when it is baked. The crust turns brown, and the apples become soft.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBaking is caused by heating. But a copper statue turning green is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a school bus?\n\n0. 15 ounces\n1. 15 pounds\n2. 15 tons" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the mass of a school bus is 15 tons.\n15 ounces and 15 pounds are both too light.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. After Maria scolded Susan for missing the deadline, she felt awful.\n1. Maria felt awful after she scolded Susan for missing the deadline." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Maria or Susan.\nAfter Maria scolded Susan for missing the deadline, she felt awful.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nMaria felt awful after she scolded Susan for missing the deadline.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes the sentence use a simile or a metaphor?\nFrom across the room, Uncle Ronald's laughter was booming thunder.\n\n0. simile\n1. metaphor" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "From across the room, Uncle Ronald's laughter was booming thunder.\nThe words laughter and thunder are compared without the word like or as. So, the sentence uses a metaphor.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the liquid.\n\n0. ballet shoes\n1. hammer\n2. wet paint\n3. ring" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A ring is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. A ring keeps its shape, even when you take it off your finger.\nA ballet shoe is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. When a dancer wears a ballet shoe, it may bend a little. But the ballet shoe still has a size and shape of its own.\nA hammer is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. A hammer is made of iron and wood. Both iron and wood are solids.\nWet paint is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour wet paint out of a can, the paint will change shape. But the wet paint will still take up the same amount of space.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the verbal irony in this text suggest?\n\"That fits you well,\" Bobby remarked after Paula's cap fell over her eyes for the tenth time.\n\n0. The cap was a good fit.\n1. The cap was too big." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nFits you well ironically suggests that the cap was too big. The cap was falling over Paula's eyes, so it didn't fit her well at all.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the description that doesn't belong.\n\n0. old\n1. after\n2. during\n3. before" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Old doesn't belong.\nDuring, before, and after all describe the order of events.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nerosion caused by wind\nmixing sand and water\n\n0. Both are caused by heating.\n1. Both are only physical changes.\n2. Both are chemical changes.\n3. Both are caused by cooling." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nErosion caused by wind is a physical change. The wind carries away tiny pieces of rock. But the pieces of rock do not become a different type of matter.\nMixing sand and water is a physical change. Adding water makes the sand wet. But both the sand and water are still made of the same type of matter as before.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. When paper gets hot enough, it reacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, ice melting is a physical change. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nStapling an envelope shut is a ().\n\n0. physical change\n1. chemical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Stapling an envelope shut is a physical change. The envelope and the staple get new shapes. Both are still made of the same type of matter.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nWe will camp for two nights.\n\n0. past tense\n1. present tense\n2. future tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, camp. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Samuel inherited this trait?\n\n0. Samuel and his father both have short hair.\n1. Samuel's parents were born with straight hair. They passed down this trait to Samuel." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nMixing eggs, oil, and vinegar to make mayonnaise is a ().\n\n0. physical change\n1. chemical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Mixing eggs, oil, and vinegar to make mayonnaise is a physical change. Mayonnaise is a mixture. Making a mixture does not form a different type of matter. The eggs, oil, and vinegar look different when they are mixed together. But, their molecules do not change.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich change better matches the sentence?\nLava comes out of the ground.\n\n0. volcanic eruption\n1. flood" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\n\nQuestion:\nLast year, there were seven men's clothing stores on Main Street in Milford. This year, there are only three. What probably happened to the overall supply of men's shirts in Milford?\n\n0. The supply probably went down.\n1. The supply probably went up." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "When four men's clothing stores closed on Main Street, the number of suppliers went down. There were fewer stores selling men's shirts. So, the supply of men's shirts probably went down.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement. Assume that the motorcycle's mass did not change.\nThe gravitational potential energy stored between the motorcycle and Earth () as Emmett rode up the hill.\n\n0. decreased\n1. increased\n2. stayed the same" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Think about how the distance between the motorcycle and the center of Earth changed.\nThe top of the hill is higher than the bottom of the hill. As Emmett rode toward the top of the hill, the distance between the motorcycle and the center of Earth increased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the motorcycle and Earth increased as Emmett rode up the hill.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nEdgar's '64 Impala groaned as he turned the ignition. Yet again he resolved to refurbish it over the summer.\n\n0. personification\n1. metaphor" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses personification, giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nEdgar's '64 Impala groaned describes the car as if it were human.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Some words are alike. They go together in a group.\nRed, blue, and green go together. They are colors.\nMom, dad, grandma, and grandpa go together. They are people in a family.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word is not like the others?\n\n0. water\n1. juice\n2. glass\n3. milk" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Juice, water, and milk go together. They are drinks. Glass is not a drink, so it is not like the other words.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\n\"Jason's personality is very Jekyll and Hyde,\" Sasha told her brother.\n\n0. literature\n1. a song" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Jekyll and Hyde is literature.\nRobert Louis Stevenson's popular Victorian novella Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde tells the story of a man with two distinct personalities. Known to the world as a kind and highly respected doctor, at night he transforms into a monstrous person.\nThe allusion Jekyll and Hyde means kind then cruel.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nWayne has naturally dark skin.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Humans do not choose their skin color. Babies get their skin color from their parents. So, Wayne's skin color is an inherited trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Chloe investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do round rocks or flat rocks skip more times when thrown across the river?\n1. Do rocks skip more times when thrown across a river or across a pond?\n2. Do small rocks or large rocks skip more times when thrown across the river?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nAdam said he would put in a good word for Sophia with their boss, but she knew he had a reputation as a Benedict Arnold.\n\n0. a movie\n1. U.S. history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Benedict Arnold is U.S. history.\nBenedict Arnold was an American officer who secretly aided the British during the American Revolution.\nThe allusion Benedict Arnold means a traitor.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. At lunchtime, Steven can often be found reading at his favorite caf\u00e9, where the servers provide unlimited coffee refills.\n1. At lunchtime, Steven can often be found reading at his favorite caf\u00e9, where they provide unlimited coffee refills." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun they is used without its antecedent.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. They has been replaced with the servers.\nAt lunchtime, Steven can often be found reading at his favorite caf\u00e9, where the servers provide unlimited coffee refills.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Matthew acquired this trait?\n\n0. Matthew learned history by reading.\n1. Matthew is most interested in American history." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving slower will go a shorter distance in that time. It is moving at a lower speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of two beluga whales. Which beluga whale was moving at a lower speed?\n\n0. a beluga whale that moved 30kilometers in 5hours\n1. a beluga whale that moved 20kilometers in 5hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each beluga whale moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne beluga whale moved 20 kilometers in 5 hours.\nThe other beluga whale moved 30 kilometers in 5 hours.\nNotice that each beluga whale spent the same amount of time moving. The beluga whale that moved 20 kilometers moved a shorter distance in that time. So, that beluga whale must have moved at a lower speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one substance that is not a mineral.\n\n0. Quartz is not made by living things. It is a pure substance.\n1. Pyrite is a pure substance. It is formed in nature.\n2. Plastic is not a pure substance. It is made in a factory." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nPyrite is a mineral.\nQuartz is a mineral.\nPlastic is not a pure substance. But all minerals are pure substances.\nPlastic is made in a factory. But all minerals are formed in nature.\nSo, plastic is not a mineral.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Amphibians have moist skin and begin their lives in water.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the amphibian.\n\n0. robin\n1. cane toad\n2. sea turtle\n3. koala" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A koala is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nKoalas sleep for up to 20 hours a day!\nA robin is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nA robin is a songbird. It sings different songs at different times of the day.\nA sea turtle is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nSea turtles live in the water, but they lay their eggs on land.\nA cane toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nToads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nIt is 65\u00b0F in Kylie's backyard.\n\n0. weather\n1. climate" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nIt is 65\u00b0F in Kylie's backyard.\nThis passage tells you about the temperature in Kylie's backyard right now. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Brody inherited this trait?\n\n0. Brody's mother cuts his hair every month.\n1. Brody's parents have blond hair. They passed down this trait to Brody." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the most thermal energy?\n\n0. a cherry pie at a temperature of 78\u00b0F\n1. a cherry pie at a temperature of 73\u00b0F\n2. a cherry pie at a temperature of 87\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All three cherry pies have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 87\u00b0F pie is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nslush - star\n\n0. seventh\n1. spray" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince spray is between the guide words slush - star, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nWhat made Sally so upset?\n\n0. imperative\n1. interrogative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence asks something, and it ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the verbal irony in this text suggest?\n\"Sleeping through the rooster's crowing was no problem,\" Jack joked with a yawn.\n\n0. Jack slept poorly.\n1. Jack slept well." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nSleeping through the rooster's crowing was no problem ironically suggests that Jack slept poorly. Jack was tired, so the rooster's crowing was clearly a problem.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this cucumber plant's genotype for the fruit texture gene?\n\n0. Ff\n1. bumpy fruit" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. The cucumber plant has one allele for bumpy fruit (F) and one allele for smooth fruit (f). So, the plant's genotype for the fruit texture gene is Ff.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Milo's genotype for the fur type gene?\n\n0. FF\n1. straight fur" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Milo has two alleles for straight fur (F). So, Milo's genotype for the fur type gene is FF.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Bella acquired this trait?\n\n0. Bella's scar was caused by an accident. She cut her leg when she was climbing a tree.\n1. Some scars fade more quickly than others." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved by research or observation.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was shorter than King Louis XVI.\nThe statement above is a fact. The statement can be proved by researching the height of each man and comparing them.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was a better leader than King Louis XVI.\nThe statement above is an opinion. People can have different ideas about what makes someone a \"better\" leader, so the statement cannot be proved.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. Tomato plants, with their bright colors and sturdy vines, make attractive additions to home gardens.\n1. Certain insects help flowering plants reproduce by moving pollen between the plant's different parts." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence states a fact.\nCertain insects help flowering plants reproduce by moving pollen between the plant's different parts.\nIt can be proved by reading an article about how flowering plants are pollinated.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nTomato plants, with their bright colors and sturdy vines, make attractive additions to home gardens.\nAttractive shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about which plants make home gardens attractive.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Edna acquired this trait?\n\n0. Edna is most interested in American history.\n1. Edna learned history by reading." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Solid and liquid are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own.\nSome solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break.\nA glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container.\nThink about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space.\nJuice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the solid.\n\n0. water in a fishbowl\n1. rock\n2. milk" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nStefan's leaving his job? That's old news. He's been planning that for months.\n\n0. chiasmus\n1. oxymoron" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nOld news is a contradiction, because news is recent information.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Poetry is a special kind of writing. It has many elements that make it different from ordinary writing. Knowing these elements can help you talk about poetry, understand it better, and enjoy it more.\nA poem rhymes when it has a pattern of words that end in the same sound.\nEnd rhyme is when the rhymes appear at the end of a poem's lines.\nLittle Betty Blue,\nLost her holiday shoe.\n\u2014From Mother Goose\nInternal rhyme is when at least one of the rhyming words appears inside the poem's lines.\nSweet dreams of pleasant streams.\n\u2014From William Blake, \"A Cradle Song\"\nRhythm is the pattern of strong and weak syllables, or stress, in a poem. You can recognize rhythm in a poem by listening to how it sounds. Poems with regular rhythm have a beat, like in music.\nHe watches from his mountain walls,\nAnd like a thunderbolt he falls.\n\u2014From Alfred, Lord Tennyson, \"The Eagle\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. We say them with more force than the other syllables. In this poem, every weak syllable is followed by a strong syllable. Each line sounds like da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM. To better hear the rhythm, try reading it aloud while clapping on each strong syllable.\nFree verse is when a poem has neither a regular rhythm nor a rhyme pattern.\nThe old bridge has a wrinkled face.\nHe bends his back\nFor us to go over.\n\u2014From Hilda Conkling, \"The Old Bridge\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. You can see this poem does not have a regular rhythm. It also doesn't have a rhyme pattern.\nRepetition is when words, phrases, or whole lines are repeated.\nThe dainty flying squirrel\nIn vest of shining white,\nIn coat of silver gray,\nAnd vest of shining white.\n\u2014Adapted from Mary E. Burt, \"The Flying Squirrel\"\nAlliteration is when beginning consonant sounds are repeated in words that are close together.\nWhere the wild men watched and waited\nWolves in the forest, and bears in the bush.\n\u2014From Bayard Taylor, \"A Night with a Wolf\"\nOnomatopoeia is when language sounds like what it talks about.\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses made-up words:\nTlot-tlot! tlot-tlot! Had they heard it? The horse hoofs ringing clear.\n\u2014From Alfred Noyes, \"The Highwayman\"\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses real words:\nHark! the honey bee is humming.\n\u2014From Mary Howitt, \"The Voice of Spring\"\n\nQuestion:\nChoose the poem that uses repetition.\n\n0. There was a crooked man, and he walked a crooked mile.\nHe found a crooked sixpence upon a crooked stile.\nHe bought a crooked cat, which caught a crooked mouse,\nAnd they all lived together in a little crooked house.\n1. Therefore all seasons shall be sweet to thee,\nWhether the summer clothe the general earth\nWith greenness, or the redbreast sit and sing\nBetwixt the tufts of snow on the bare branch." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This poem uses repetition. It repeats words, phrases, or lines.\nThere was a crooked man, and he walked a crooked mile.\nHe found a crooked sixpence upon a crooked stile.\nAnd they all lived together in a little crooked house.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true.\nThe month of July has more days than the month of June.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at a calendar and counting the number of days in each month.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nJuly is a better month than June for camping.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about which month is \"better\" for camping.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. Our five-cent coin is called a nickel, but it's mostly made of copper.\n1. In today's economy, a nickel is just about worthless." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence states a fact.\nOur five-cent coin is called a nickel, but it's mostly made of copper.\nIt can be proved by looking up information about U.S. coins.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nIn today's economy, a nickel is just about worthless.\nJust about worthless shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what is worthless.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a caterpillar?\n\n0. 38 millimeters\n1. 38 kilometers\n2. 38 centimeters\n3. 38 meters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a caterpillar is 38 millimeters.\n38 centimeters, 38 meters, and 38 kilometers are all too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Beth inherited this trait?\n\n0. Beth and her mother both wear their hair in braids.\n1. Beth's parents have red hair. They passed down this trait to Beth." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Bianca's genotype for the eye color gene?\n\n0. brown eyes\n1. EE" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Bianca has two alleles for brown eyes (E). So, Bianca's genotype for the eye color gene is EE.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Rita investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do squash plants grow larger if the seeds are planted in small pots or in large pots?\n1. If squash seeds and tomato seeds are planted with compost, which type of plant grows larger?\n2. Do squash plants grow larger if the seeds are planted with compost or without compost?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word factoid in its traditional sense?\n\n0. As a geneticist, Tracy enjoys watching science documentaries and sharing various factoids she's learned with her colleagues.\n1. As a geneticist, Tracy dislikes many popular sci-fi movies because they often present audiences with factoids that misrepresent her field." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second text uses factoid in its traditional sense: something made up presented as a true fact.\nAs a geneticist, Tracy dislikes many popular sci-fi movies because they often present audiences with factoids that misrepresent her field.\nThe first text uses factoid in its nontraditional sense: a trivial but true fact.\nAs a geneticist, Tracy enjoys watching science documentaries and sharing various factoids she's learned with her colleagues.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word factoid because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Henry decides to plant the hickory tree. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. The hickory tree will use up more space than the carnations would have used up.\n1. Henry will get to look at the hickory tree. He thinks it will look more beautiful than the carnations would have looked." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Henry wants or needs:\nThe hickory tree will use up more space than the carnations would have used up.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has half as much thermal energy as a 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the smaller brick has half as many atoms. So, it has half as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich soccer ball has less thermal energy?\n\n0. the colder soccer ball\n1. the hotter soccer ball" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two soccer balls are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the colder soccer ball has less thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Tracy investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Does milk chocolate or dark chocolate melt faster when heated on the stove?\n1. Does dark chocolate or white chocolate melt faster when heated on the stove?\n2. Does milk chocolate melt faster when heated in a microwave or on a stove?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a potato?\n\n0. 6 miles\n1. 6 yards\n2. 6 inches\n3. 6 feet" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a potato is 6 inches.\n6 feet, 6 yards, and 6 miles are all too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nHannah towers over her older sister.\n\n0. present tense\n1. future tense\n2. past tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, towers. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nRoll on, thou dark and deep blue Ocean\u2014roll!\n\u2014Lord Byron, \"Childe Harold's Pilgrimage\"\n\n0. chiasmus\n1. apostrophe" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses apostrophe, a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nThou dark and deep blue Ocean is a direct address to the ocean, a nonhuman entity.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a book?\n\n0. \"Little House in the Big Woods\"\n1. ***Little House in the Big Woods***" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A book should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **Little House in the Big Woods**.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Hayley acquired this trait?\n\n0. Hayley is most interested in human biology.\n1. Hayley learned biology by reading, observing, and experimenting." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Leah roomed with Olivia last year, but Olivia's messiness became a point of contention.\n1. Leah roomed with Olivia last year, but her messiness became a point of contention." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun her could refer to Leah's or Olivia's.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. Her has been replaced with Olivia's.\nLeah roomed with Olivia last year, but Olivia's messiness became a point of contention.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\nThe sculptor hoped that her clay would be () than it had been the day before.\n\n0. softer\n1. more obedient" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Complete the sentence with the phrase more obedient. It describes the clay as if it were a person who can choose to obey or disobey.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the paragraph.\nEarth's surface is made mostly of rock. Water, wind, and ice can break down this rock to form ().\n\n0. melted rock\n1. loose pieces\n2. bigger pieces" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Water, wind, and ice can break down rock into loose pieces. This breakdown of rock is called weathering. Here are some ways that weathering can happen.\nWater crashes into a rock. Over time, the rock starts breaking down into smaller pieces.\nWind blows grains of sand into a rock. As the sand hits the rock, small pieces break off from the rock.\nWater flows into a crack in a rock. On a cold night, the water freezes to form ice. As the water freezes, it takes up more space. This makes the crack bigger. Over time, the crack becomes big enough to break the rock into smaller pieces.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\ncrushing a mineral into powder\nknitting yarn into a scarf\n\n0. Both are chemical changes.\n1. Both are only physical changes.\n2. Both are caused by cooling.\n3. Both are caused by heating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nCrushing a mineral into powder is a physical change. The mineral breaks into tiny pieces. But it is still made of the same type of matter.\nKnitting yarn into a scarf is a physical change. The yarn gets a different shape, but it is still made of the same type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Olivia inherited this trait?\n\n0. Olivia's neighbor also has straight hair.\n1. Olivia's biological parents have red hair. Olivia also has red hair.\n2. Olivia's biological mother often wears her straight hair in a ponytail." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich pencil has a lower temperature?\n\n0. the pencil with more thermal energy\n1. the pencil with less thermal energy" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two pencils are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the pencil with less thermal energy has a lower temperature.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\npear - pump\n\n0. princess\n1. path" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince princess is between the guide words pear - pump, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement.\nAmmonia is ().\n\n0. a compound\n1. an elementary substance" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You can tell whether ammonia is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of symbols in its chemical formula. A symbol contains either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for ammonia is NH3. This formula contains two symbols: N for nitrogen and H for hydrogen. So, the formula tells you that ammonia is made of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSubstances made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, ammonia is a compound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Lola decides to go on the scorpion. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Lola will save some ride tickets. She needs fewer tickets to go on the scorpion than on the flying bobsled.\n1. Lola will give up the chance to go on the flying bobsled. She would have had more fun on that ride." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Lola wants or needs:\nLola will give up the chance to go on the flying bobsled. She would have had more fun on that ride.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement.\nChloromethane is ().\n\n0. a compound\n1. an elementary substance" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You can tell whether chloromethane is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for chloromethane, CH3 Cl, contains three atomic symbols: C for carbon, H for hydrogen, and Cl for chlorine. So, the formula tells you that chloromethane is composed of three chemical elements bonded together.\nSince chloromethane is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, chloromethane is a compound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Tony acquired this trait?\n\n0. Tony's scar was caused by an accident. He cut his arm when he fell off his bicycle.\n1. Some scars fade more quickly than others." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "People around the world live in three main kinds of places: urban areas, suburban areas, and rural areas.\nAn urban area is a city. It has many people and businesses. The buildings are close to each other. The buildings are often tall and have many floors. Since there are so many people, traffic is usually bad. People will walk or take the bus, train, or subway to avoid traffic.\nA suburban area, or suburb, is near a city. It is quieter and less crowded than an urban area. People usually live in houses with yards. Most people drive to get places.\nA rural area is less crowded than both urban and suburban areas. Houses are much more spread out. People usually have to drive to get places. People in rural areas often live on farms or ranches.\nSome places, like small towns, don't really fit into any of the types. A small town does not have as many people as an urban area, but it has more people than a rural area. It is not near a city, so it is not called a suburb.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich kind of place usually has quieter neighborhoods?\n\n0. an urban area\n1. a suburban area" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Suburban areas usually have quieter neighborhoods. There are fewer people, and houses are farther apart.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich organ works with muscles to move the body?\n\n0. lungs\n1. stomach\n2. skeleton" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. Mr. Buchanan's afternoon lecture was about art and culture in Germany before World War II.\n1. Preston couldn't find the definition for flax in the book's glossary, so he looked it up online." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction so.\nPreston couldn't find the definition for flax in the book's glossary, so he looked it up online.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell.\nAll living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change.\nAll living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the living thing.\n\n0. windmill\n1. paper clip\n2. lion\n3. brick wall" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A lion is a living thing.\nLions grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Lions are made up of many cells.\nA paper clip is not a living thing.\nPaper clips do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nA brick wall is not a living thing.\nBrick walls do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nA windmill is not a living thing.\nA windmill does not have all the traits of a living thing. It moves in the wind, but it does not grow. It does not need food or water.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\ncrushing a mineral into powder\npouring milk on oatmeal\n\n0. Both are chemical changes.\n1. Both are only physical changes.\n2. Both are caused by cooling.\n3. Both are caused by heating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nCrushing a mineral into powder is a physical change. The mineral breaks into tiny pieces. But it is still made of the same type of matter.\nPouring milk on oatmeal is a physical change. The oatmeal and milk form a creamy mixture. But making this mixture does not form a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has more thermal energy?\n\n0. a 750-gram rock at a temperature of 95\u00b0F\n1. a 750-gram rock at a temperature of 20\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two rocks have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 95\u00b0F rock is hotter than the 20\u00b0F rock, it has more thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich drop of honey has more thermal energy?\n\n0. the hotter drop of honey\n1. the colder drop of honey" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two drops of honey are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the hotter drop of honey has more thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the verbal irony in this text suggest?\n\"This salsa could use a little more spice,\" Cameron said as he gulped down water and wiped tears from his eyes.\n\n0. The salsa was too spicy.\n1. The salsa triggered Cameron's allergies." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nCould use a little more spice ironically suggests that the salsa was too spicy. Cameron gulped down water and wiped tears from his eyes, indications that the salsa was indeed too spicy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Birds have feathers, two wings, and a beak.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the bird.\n\n0. cobra\n1. salmon\n2. bison\n3. blue-footed booby" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A bison is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nMale bison have horns. They can use their horns to defend themselves.\nA salmon is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nUnlike most other fish, salmon can live in both fresh water and salt water.\nA blue-footed booby is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nBlue-footed boobies live on tropical islands in the Pacific Ocean.\nA cobra is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nMost cobras have a wide, flat hood below their head. A cobra can display its hood to scare away a predator.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nCara has naturally brown hair.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Humans do not choose their natural hair color. Some people dye their hair. But this does not change their natural hair color.\nChildren get their natural hair color from their parents. So, Cara's hair color is an inherited trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object.\n\nQuestion:\nAssume all other forces on Hakim are balanced. Which statement describes the forces on Hakim?\n\n0. The forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Hakim.\n1. The forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Hakim." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To determine if there is a net force on Hakim, look at the forces:\nEarth's gravity is pulling Hakim down with a force of 400 N.\nThe diving board is pushing Hakim up with a force of 400 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have the same magnitude: 400 N. This means that the forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Hakim.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nEdward picked up his pace on the trail as his spidey sense began to tingle.\n\n0. Italian history\n1. a comic book" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion spidey sense is a comic book.\nThe comic book superhero Spider-Man possesses a spidey sense that warns him of impending trouble.\nThe allusion spidey sense means a sense of danger coming.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A force is a push or a pull.\nA force can make an object start moving or stop an object that is moving. A force can also make an object speed up, slow down, or change direction.\nForces can be different sizes.\nThink about trying to move a heavy object and a light object. Imagine you want to move them at the same speed. You will need to use a larger force to move the heavy object.\n\nQuestion:\nEach bus takes the same amount of time to stop. Which school bus needs a larger force to come to a stop?\n\n0. a school bus carrying 600 pounds\n1. a school bus carrying 500 pounds" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look for the school bus that is heavier.\nA school bus carrying 600 pounds is heavier than a school bus carrying 500 pounds. So, the school bus carrying 600 pounds needs a larger force to come to a stop in the same amount of time as the other bus.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. At the conference, the authors met with some publishers to discuss their new books.\n1. At the conference, the authors discussed their new books with some publishers." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun their could refer to the authors' or the publishers'.\nAt the conference, the authors met with some publishers to discuss their new books.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nAt the conference, the authors discussed their new books with some publishers.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the temperature of a cup of hot coffee?\n\n0. 145\u00b0F\n1. 145\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the temperature of a cup of hot coffee is 145\u00b0F.\n145\u00b0C is too hot.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nPolly has naturally curly hair.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Human hair can be naturally curly or naturally straight. Curly and straight are examples of hair texture.\nSome people decide to change how their hair looks. But this doesn't affect the natural texture of their hair. So, having naturally curly hair is an inherited trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Sage's phenotype for the fleece type trait?\n\n0. a hairy fleece\n1. a woolly fleece" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Sage's genotype for the fleece type gene is FF. Sage's genotype of FF has only F allelles. The F allele is for a hairy fleece. So, Sage's phenotype for the fleece type trait must be a hairy fleece.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Sage's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a hairy fleece (F) is dominant over the allele for a woolly fleece (f). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nSage's genotype of FF has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Sage's phenotype for the fleece type trait must be a hairy fleece.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nLooking at his life, we couldn't help but see Tucker as a Job-like figure.\n\n0. Roman history\n1. the Bible" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Job is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, Job remains faithful and loyal to God, even after the unjust loss of his possessions, family, and health.\nThe allusion Job means someone who patiently endures adversity.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nTyler, the company you work for just filed for bankruptcy! How can I trust you with our money?\n\n0. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something\n1. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Tyler must be fiscally irresponsible, because he works for a company that went bankrupt. However, even though his company is perceived as fiscally irresponsible, that doesn't necessarily mean that Tyler is, too. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nBella anticipated that the free makeover her friend was promising would turn out to be a Trojan horse.\n\n0. British history\n1. Greek mythology" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Trojan horse is Greek mythology.\nIn Greek mythology, the Greek army tricks the Trojan army into taking a large wooden horse into their carefully guarded city. The horse turns out to be filled with Greek warriors who, once inside the city of Troy, open the gates to the Greek army waiting outside.\nThe allusion Trojan horse means a deceptive or harmful offering.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word ironic in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Last winter, Henry took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, a rare snowstorm happened to hit Florida that week.\n1. Last winter, Henry took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, he just missed a few of his college friends, who had been in Florida the previous week." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second text uses ironic in its traditional sense: contrary to what was intended, often in an amusing way. It's ironic because Henry tried to get away from the snow but found himself in a snowstorm regardless.\nLast winter, Henry took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, a rare snowstorm happened to hit Florida that week.\nThe first text uses ironic in its nontraditional sense: marked by coincidence. It was a coincidence that Henry's friends were in Florida the week before.\nLast winter, Henry took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, he just missed a few of his college friends, who had been in Florida the previous week.\nMost style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word ironic because it is generally considered incorrect.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nJeffrey spoke at the city council meeting, claiming the new recycling regulations were draconian.\n\n0. a fable\n1. Greek history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion draconian is Greek history.\nDraco, a government official in seventh-century Athens, Greece, wrote a code of laws that called for severe punishments for even minor offenses.\nThe allusion draconian means harsh.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long does it take to do ten jumping jacks?\n\n0. 22 seconds\n1. 22 hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for how long it takes to do ten jumping jacks is 22 seconds.\n22 hours is too slow.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms that carry out photosynthesis are called photosynthetic organisms. During photosynthesis, these organisms use light energy, carbon dioxide, and water to produce sugars and oxygen.\nPhotosynthetic organisms also often have the following characteristics:\nThey are producers, which are organisms that make their own food inside their cells. Because producers make their own food, they typically do not eat other organisms.\nTheir cells contain chloroplasts, which are cell structures where photosynthesis occurs.\nTheir chloroplasts often contain a green substance called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll captures light energy from the Sun to power photosynthesis.\nThey use the sugars they produce during photosynthesis as food. This food provides energy that helps the organisms live, grow, and reproduce.\n\nQuestion:\nUse the evidence in the text to select the photosynthetic organism.\n\n0. Red sea urchins are marine animals covered with hard spines. The urchins' cells take in minerals from the water and use these minerals to form the spines.\n1. Thistles are a type of flowering plant covered in prickly spines. Thistle plant cells contain chloroplasts, and their flowers contain a nectar that attracts birds and butterflies." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This organism is photosynthetic:\nThe text tells you that thistle plant cells contain chloroplasts. This is evidence that the thistle is a photosynthetic organism.\nThis organism is not photosynthetic:\nThe text does not provide evidence that the red sea urchin is photosynthetic.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's velocity describes its speed and its direction.\nAn object has a constant velocity when neither its speed nor its direction is changing. So, an object has a constant velocity when the object is:\nmoving in a straight line at a constant speed, or\nremaining motionless.\nIf an object does not have a constant velocity, the object is accelerating. An object is accelerating when either its speed or its direction is changing. So, an object is accelerating when the object is:\nspeeding up,\nslowing down, or\nchanging direction.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich statement describes the golf ball's motion?\n\n0. The golf ball is accelerating.\n1. The golf ball has a constant velocity." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The golf ball is remaining motionless. So, the golf ball has a constant velocity.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Britney investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do small rocks or large rocks skip more times when thrown across the river?\n1. Do rocks skip more times when thrown across a river or across a pond?\n2. Do round rocks or flat rocks skip more times when thrown across the river?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have a hard outer cover on their body. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the invertebrate.\n\n0. turkey vulture\n1. redback spider" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A turkey vulture is a bird. Like other birds, a turkey vulture is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nLike other spiders, a redback spider is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nMr. Carson explained the idea to his son.\n\n0. future tense\n1. present tense\n2. past tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in past tense. You can tell because it uses a past-tense verb, explained. The verb ends in -ed and tells you about something that has already happened.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.\n\nQuestion:\nIs a necklace a good or a service?\n\n0. a service\n1. a good" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide whether a necklace is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs a necklace something you can touch? Yes.\nIs a necklace a job you might pay someone else to do? No.\nSo, a necklace is a good.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nDid you really vote for Edgar as class treasurer? Didn't you hear that his uncle was imprisoned for embezzling $1.5 million?\n\n0. straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n1. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Edgar can't be trusted with money, because his uncle embezzled money. However, even though his uncle couldn't be trusted with money, that doesn't necessarily mean that Edgar can't be trusted with it. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a water balloon?\n\n0. 17 cups\n1. 17 gallons\n2. 17 fluid ounces" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the volume of a water balloon is 17 fluid ounces.\n17 cups and 17 gallons are both too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Shawna decides to bake coffee cake muffins. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Shawna will give up some muffins. She could have made more cranberry muffins than coffee cake muffins.\n1. Shawna will get to eat coffee cake muffins. She thinks coffee cake muffins are tastier than cranberry muffins." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Shawna wants or needs:\nShawna will give up some muffins. She could have made more cranberry muffins than coffee cake muffins.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nYou look as if you're licking some invisible something on your lips.\n\n0. assonance\n1. euphemism" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses assonance, the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nThe words if, licking, invisible, and lips share a vowel sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the simile in this text suggest?\nLeslie rubbed coconut oil on her hands, which were like the parched earth during a drought.\n\n0. Leslie's hands were dry and cracked.\n1. Leslie was baking something." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text includes a simile, using like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe simile like the parched earth during a drought suggests that Leslie's hands were dry and cracked. A drought is a period without rain; the ground during a drought can become hard and cracked.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one substance that is not a mineral.\n\n0. Potassium feldspar is a solid. It is not made by living things.\n1. Turquoise is formed in nature. It is a solid.\n2. Plastic is made in a factory. It is a solid." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nPotassium feldspar is a mineral.\nPlastic is made in a factory. But all minerals are formed in nature.\nSo, plastic is not a mineral.\nTurquoise is a mineral.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. Avila Electronics has a reputation for responding quickly to all customer concerns and questions.\n1. Avila Electronics has a reputation for responding real quick to customer concerns and questions." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses conversational language (real quick).\nThe first sentence uses formal language in place of the conversational language, so it is more formal overall.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Ruben acquired this trait?\n\n0. Ruben's neighbor taught him how to repair a kite.\n1. Ruben likes to fly a kite with his younger brother.\n2. Ruben's friend taught him how to fly a kite." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nNeil Armstrong was the first person to do which of these things?\n\n0. walk on the moon\n1. climb Mount Everest\n2. fly an airplane\n3. sail around the world" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "In 1969, Neil Armstrong led a mission to the moon. He became the first person to walk on the surface of the moon. No one had ever done that before.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\npouring milk on oatmeal\nwater evaporating from a puddle\n\n0. Both are caused by heating.\n1. Both are caused by cooling.\n2. Both are chemical changes.\n3. Both are only physical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nPouring milk on oatmeal is a physical change. The oatmeal and milk form a creamy mixture. But making this mixture does not form a different type of matter.\nWater evaporating from a puddle is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The liquid changes into a gas, but a different type of matter is not formed.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nWater evaporating is caused by heating. But pouring milk on oatmeal is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a tennis racket?\n\n0. 50 centimeters\n1. 50 meters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the length of a tennis racket is 50 centimeters.\n50 meters is too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nThe artist's drawings are characterized by chimerical creatures appearing in settings such as bus stations and Laundromats.\n\n0. Greek mythology\n1. modern history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion chimerical is Greek mythology.\nAccording to Greek mythology, a Chimera was an improbable fire-breathing monster with the head of a lion, the body of a goat, and the tail of a serpent.\nThe allusion chimerical means fanciful.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word travesty in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Walter's ill-researched essay about the Space Race received a poor grade because it presented such a travesty of the actual historical events.\n1. Walter realized that his essay about the Space Race was a bit inaccurate, but he still thought it a travesty that such an entertaining essay should receive a poor grade." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses travesty in its traditional sense: a ridiculous imitation; a parody.\nWalter's ill-researched essay about the Space Race received a poor grade because it presented such a travesty of the actual historical events.\nThe second text uses travesty in its nontraditional sense: a disappointment or a tragedy.\nWalter realized that his essay about the Space Race was a bit inaccurate, but he still thought it a travesty that such an entertaining essay should receive a poor grade.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word travesty because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a run-on sentence?\n\n0. Coach Yamamoto talked to her team before the game.\n1. Janelle blows big bubbles, Damon pops them." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Janelle blows big bubbles, Damon pops them is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined by just a comma: Janelle blows big bubbles and Damon pops them.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a sentence fragment?\n\n0. Sacramento is the capital of California, the state government meets there.\n1. All the goats, cows, and horses on the farm." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All the goats, cows, and horses on the farm is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.\n\nQuestion:\nIs a lamp a good or a service?\n\n0. a service\n1. a good" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide whether a lamp is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs a lamp something you can touch? Yes.\nIs a lamp a job you might pay someone else to do? No.\nSo, a lamp is a good.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nEveryone will admire your strength and courage.\n\n0. past tense\n1. present tense\n2. future tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, admire. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Jake and his best friend go to the same college, but Jake is graduating this coming June.\n1. Jake and his best friend go to the same college, but he is graduating this coming June." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun he could refer to Jake or his best friend.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. He has been replaced with Jake.\nJake and his best friend go to the same college, but Jake is graduating this coming June.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement and always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn imperative sentence makes a request or a demand and usually ends with a period. If a demand shows strong feeling, it can end with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn interrogative sentence asks a question and always ends with a question mark.\nGiven the recent critiques of her new strategic plan, do you think the CEO will reconsider the company's direction?\nAn exclamatory sentence is a statement that shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamation always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nGive me one good reason I should consider purchasing a hybrid vehicle.\n\n0. imperative\n1. exclamatory\n2. interrogative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence makes a demand, so it is an imperative sentence. Here, it ends with a period.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A chemical change occurs when new substances are formed from existing substances. This process is called a chemical reaction.\nIn a chemical reaction, one or more substances change into one or more different substances. During the reaction, the atoms of the original substances are rearranged to form other substances.\nThe original substances in a chemical reaction are called reactants. These substances react, or go through a chemical change.\nThe substances that are formed in a chemical reaction are called products. These substances are produced by the chemical reaction.\nSo, in a chemical reaction, reactants go through a chemical change to form products.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nIn this chemical reaction, carbon monoxide is a ().\n\n0. product\n1. reactant" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the underlined text carefully. Look for information about what happens to carbon monoxide in this chemical reaction.\nOzone is a gas found high up in Earth's atmosphere. In places with severe air pollution, ozone can also be found in the air closer to the ground. This ground-level ozone forms when oxygen in the air combines with carbon monoxide and other chemicals in polluted air. Ground-level ozone can harm humans by damaging their lungs.\nThe underlined text tells you that when oxygen and carbon monoxide combine, ozone is formed. When oxygen and carbon monoxide react, or go through a chemical change, their atoms are rearranged to form ozone. Because carbon monoxide reacts in this chemical reaction, carbon monoxide is a reactant.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nIt took a Herculean effort on the part of two bystanders to move the stalled car out of traffic.\n\n0. a song\n1. classical mythology" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Herculean is classical mythology.\nIn classical mythology, Hercules is the son of a god and possesses incredible, superhuman strength.\nThe allusion Herculean means powerful.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has less thermal energy?\n\n0. a 6-kilogram block of steel at a temperature of 110\u00b0F\n1. a 6-kilogram block of steel at a temperature of 65\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two blocks of steel have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 65\u00b0F block is colder than the 110\u00b0F block, it has less thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Mrs. Trevino told her friend to exercise on a regular basis and get more sleep in order to have more energy throughout the day.\n1. Mrs. Trevino told her friend that she needs to exercise on a regular basis and get more sleep in order to have more energy throughout the day." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Mrs. Trevino or her friend.\nMrs. Trevino told her friend that she needs to exercise on a regular basis and get more sleep in order to have more energy throughout the day.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nMrs. Trevino told her friend to exercise on a regular basis and get more sleep in order to have more energy throughout the day.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nMalik can fly an airplane.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People are not born knowing how to fly an airplane. Instead, some people learn how to fly airplanes. So, flying an airplane is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nMost of the people who knew Grayson considered him to be an unrepentant Casanova.\n\n0. Greek mythology\n1. history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Casanova is history.\nThe autobiography of Giovanni Giacomo Casanova, an eighteenth-century Italian adventurer, details and perhaps exaggerates his amorous adventures and success with women.\nThe allusion Casanova means a womanizer.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Connotation is the feeling or idea that goes along with a word or phrase. Some words are close in meaning but have different connotations.\nFor example, think about the words eager and impatient. They both mean wanting something to happen, but they have different connotations.\nEager has a positive connotation. It is a nice word. An eager person is happy and excited.\nImpatient has a negative connotation. It is not a nice word. An impatient person is often pushy and demanding.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich phrase has a more positive connotation?\n\n0. an impatient person\n1. an eager person" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An eager person has a more positive connotation. An eager person is excited and happy. An impatient person is often rude, pushy, or demanding.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the slowest will go the shortest distance in that time. It is moving at the lowest speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of three cars. Which car was moving at the lowest speed?\n\n0. a car that moved 700kilometers south in 10hours\n1. a car that moved 380kilometers north in 10hours\n2. a car that moved 240kilometers east in 10hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each car moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each car moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each car moved for 10 hours. The car that moved 240 kilometers moved the shortest distance in that time. So, that car must have moved at the lowest speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nAfter Evelyn cooked and served a scrumptious dinner, Dad boasted that she is the Julia Child of our family.\n\n0. allusion\n1. pun" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nJulia Child alludes to the famous chef who is known for popularizing French cuisine in the United States.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The cell membrane controls which substances enter and leave the cell. The cell membrane also protects the cell from the outside environment.\nThe cytoplasm is made up of a thick liquid that fills the space inside the cell membrane. The cytoplasm supports the other cell parts and holds them in place. Many important chemical reactions happen in the cytoplasm.\nThe mitochondria break down sugar to release energy that the cell can use.\nThe vacuoles store nutrients, such as sugar, in the cell. Vacuoles also store water and waste.\nThe nucleus directs cell activities. It does this by sending instructions to different parts of the cell.\nThe chromosomes contain the information that the cell uses for growth and activities. In animal and plant cells, the chromosomes are inside the nucleus.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the part whose main job is to store nutrients, water, and waste in an animal cell.\n\n0. mitochondria\n1. vacuoles\n2. cytoplasm" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Vacuoles store water, waste, and nutrients such as sugar. Animal cells usually have several small vacuoles.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Shawn acquired this trait?\n\n0. Shawn's friend taught him how to fly a kite.\n1. Shawn's neighbor taught him how to repair a kite.\n2. Shawn likes to fly a kite with his younger brother." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a simple sentence?\n\n0. Mr. Lowery's afternoon lecture was about art and culture in Germany before World War II.\n1. We can install the software now, or we can wait until next week." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is the simple sentence. It is a single independent clause.\nMr. Lowery's afternoon lecture was about art and culture in Germany before World War II.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the fastest will go the farthest distance in that time. It is moving at the highest speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of three ducks. Which duck was moving at the highest speed?\n\n0. a duck that moved 1,055kilometers south in 10hours\n1. a duck that moved 610kilometers west in 10hours\n2. a duck that moved 850kilometers south in 10hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each duck moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each duck moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each duck moved for 10 hours. The duck that moved 1,055 kilometers moved the farthest distance in that time. So, that duck must have moved at the highest speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms that carry out photosynthesis are called photosynthetic organisms. During photosynthesis, these organisms use light energy, carbon dioxide, and water to produce sugars and oxygen.\nPhotosynthetic organisms also often have the following characteristics:\nThey are producers, which are organisms that make their own food inside their cells. Because producers make their own food, they typically do not eat other organisms.\nTheir cells contain chloroplasts, which are cell structures where photosynthesis occurs.\nTheir chloroplasts often contain a green substance called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll captures light energy from the Sun to power photosynthesis.\nThey use the sugars they produce during photosynthesis as food. This food provides energy that helps the organisms live, grow, and reproduce.\n\nQuestion:\nUse the evidence in the text to select the photosynthetic organism.\n\n0. The barrel cactus is a producer in its ecosystem, so the cactus makes its own food inside its cells. The barrel cactus lives in deserts and uses energy from sunlight to make food.\n1. The crown-of-thorns starfish is a consumer in its ecosystem, so it eats other organisms for food. Crown-of-thorns starfish eat coral and are known for damaging coral reefs." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This organism is photosynthetic:\nThe text tells you that a barrel cactus is a producer that uses energy from sunlight to make its own food. This is evidence that the barrel cactus is a photosynthetic organism.\nThis organism is not photosynthetic:\nThe text does not provide evidence that the crown-of-thorns starfish is photosynthetic.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich empty mug has a higher temperature?\n\n0. the empty mug with more thermal energy\n1. the empty mug with less thermal energy" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two empty mugs are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the empty mug with more thermal energy has a higher temperature.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have a hard outer cover on their body. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the vertebrate.\n\n0. barn owl\n1. leaf-curling spider" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A barn owl is a bird. Like other birds, a barn owl is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nLike other spiders, a leaf-curling spider is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich cup of black tea has a higher temperature?\n\n0. the cup of black tea with more thermal energy\n1. the cup of black tea with less thermal energy" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two cups of black tea are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the cup of black tea with more thermal energy has a higher temperature.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes the sentence use a simile or a metaphor?\nMrs. Shelton is kind, and her heart is gold.\n\n0. metaphor\n1. simile" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Mrs. Shelton is kind, and her heart is gold.\nThe words heart and gold are compared without the word like or as. So, the sentence uses a metaphor.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one animal that has all of the amphibian traits listed above.\n\n0. Red-headed poison frogs have moist, smooth skin. Female red-headed poison frogs lay their eggs on plants. The eggs have no shells and are protected by their father. When the eggs hatch, the father frog carries the tadpoles to water.\n1. Canadian lynx have furry, padded feet that help them walk on snow. Canadian lynx feed their offspring milk." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nAmphibians have the following traits:\nThey spend part of their lives in water and part on land.\nThey have moist skin.\nThey make eggs with no shells.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA Canadian lynx has the following traits:\nIt feeds its offspring milk.\nIt has fur.\nA Canadian lynx does not have all of the traits of an amphibian. A Canadian lynx is a mammal.\nA red-headed poison frog has the following traits:\nIt spends part of its life in water and part on land.\nIt has moist skin.\nIt makes eggs with no shells.\nA red-headed poison frog has the traits of an amphibian. A red-headed poison frog is an amphibian.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is the most flexible?\n\n0. glass bowl\n1. wood board\n2. metal hair clip" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Flexible is a property. A flexible material can be bent without breaking easily.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine bending the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the metal hair clip is the most flexible. If you gently bend a metal hairclip, it will not break.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\n\"You might think you'll always be young,\" Mrs. Nelson counseled, \"but time ()\".\n\n0. affects everyone\n1. creeps up on you" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Complete the sentence with the phrase creeps up on you. It describes time as if it were a sneaky person.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the ip sound.\nThe words lake and make rhyme. They both end with the ake sound.\nThe words tip and lake don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. ring\n1. thing\n2. jump" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words ring and thing rhyme. They both end with the ing sound.\nThe word jump does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a book?\n\n0. there's a wocket in My Pocket!\n1. There's a Wocket in My Pocket!" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The words a and in are not important, so they should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is There's a Wocket in My Pocket!\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. With love,\nDana\n1. with love,\nDana" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a sofa?\n\n0. 4 yards\n1. 4 inches\n2. 4 feet\n3. 4 miles" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a sofa is 4 feet.\n4 inches is too short. 4 yards and 4 miles are too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nBert took several incredible panoramic photographs of the sweeping view from the top of Table Mountain.\n\n0. complex\n1. compound-complex\n2. simple\n3. compound" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is simple. It is a single independent clause.\nBert took several incredible panoramic photographs of the sweeping view from the top of Table Mountain.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Echo's phenotype for the coat color trait?\n\n0. a red coat\n1. ll" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Echo's observable version of the coat color trait is a red coat. So, Echo's phenotype for the coat color trait is a red coat.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one substance that is not a mineral.\n\n0. Native copper is formed in nature. It is a pure substance.\n1. Diamond is a solid. It is formed in nature.\n2. Molasses is made by humans. It is a liquid." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nMolasses is a liquid. But all minerals are solids.\nMolasses is made by humans. But minerals are not made by living things.\nSo, molasses is not a mineral.\nNative copper is a mineral.\nDiamond is a mineral.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nbeaver - bury\n\n0. banner\n1. brier" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince brier is between the guide words beaver - bury, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Charlie inherited this trait?\n\n0. Charlie and his father both have dark hair.\n1. Charlie's parents have pale skin. They passed down this trait to Charlie." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word random in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Martina made a random trip to the grocery store, though her kitchen was already stocked with a hodgepodge of food.\n1. At the grocery store, Martina hastily grabbed fruits and vegetables at random, filling her shopping cart with a hodgepodge of food." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses random in its traditional sense: made or occurring without a definite pattern.\nAt the grocery store, Martina hastily grabbed fruits and vegetables at random, filling her shopping cart with a hodgepodge of food.\nThe second text uses random in its nontraditional sense: odd or out of place.\nMartina made a random trip to the grocery store, though her kitchen was already stocked with a hodgepodge of food.\nMost style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word random because it is generally considered incorrect.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a garden rake?\n\n0. 6 yards\n1. 6 inches\n2. 6 miles\n3. 6 feet" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a garden rake is 6 feet.\n6 inches is too short. 6 yards and 6 miles are too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nCharlie can ride a motorcycle.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People are not born knowing how to ride a motorcycle. Instead, many people learn how to ride. So, riding a motorcycle is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word clutch on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ncriticism - cultivate\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince clutch is not between the guide words criticism - cultivate, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long does it take to bake lasagna in the oven?\n\n0. 39 hours\n1. 39 minutes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for how long it takes to bake lasagna in the oven is 39 minutes.\n39 hours is too slow.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. I didn't like the ending of The Fault in Our Stars, but the book critic thought it was well-written.\n1. The book critic thought The Fault in Our Stars was well-written, but I didn't like the ending." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to the ending or The Fault in Our Stars.\nI didn't like the ending of The Fault in Our Stars, but the book critic thought it was well-written.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nThe book critic thought The Fault in Our Stars was well-written, but I didn't like the ending.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nneglect - normal\n\n0. nice\n1. nylon" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince nice is between the guide words neglect - normal, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Luna decides to get the cherries jubilee ice cream. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Luna will give up the chance to get a free waffle cone. She would have enjoyed the waffle cone.\n1. Luna will get to eat the cherries jubilee ice cream. She likes this flavor more than vanilla bean." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Luna wants or needs:\nLuna will give up the chance to get a free waffle cone. She would have enjoyed the waffle cone.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nRussell's '64 Impala groaned as he turned the ignition. Yet again he resolved to refurbish it over the summer.\n\n0. personification\n1. simile" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses personification, giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nRussell's '64 Impala groaned describes the car as if it were human.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nBefore Sophie had even met her future husband in person, she knew about his reputation as a Romeo.\n\n0. Roman mythology\n1. literature" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Romeo is literature.\nIn William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, Romeo is known for the eloquent declaration of love with which he woos Juliet.\nThe allusion Romeo means a man who is very romantic.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nLeah should either stop reading those sappy paranormal romance novels or finally admit that she doesn't believe in empowering women.\n\n0. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct\n1. slippery slope fallacy: the false assumption that a small first step will lead to extreme consequences\n2. false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Leah either must give up reading a certain type of book or admit she doesn't believe in female empowerment. However, someone can both enjoy reading paranormal romance books and also believe in empowering women. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a movie?\n\n0. ***Return of the Jedi***\n1. \"Return of the Jedi\"" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A movie should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **Return of the Jedi**.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nJerry dropped out of college to travel the world, but a year later, the prodigal son returned home and re-enrolled.\n\n0. British history\n1. the Bible" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion prodigal son is the Bible.\nIn a Biblical parable, the prodigal son irresponsibly spends the inheritance given to him by his father. When he returns home, he expects to be shamed, but his father forgives him.\nThe allusion prodigal son means a person who behaves recklessly but later makes a repentant return.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Mary decides to make split pea soup. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Mary will give up the chance to eat the minestrone soup, which would have been tastier than the split pea soup.\n1. Mary will save some time. The minestrone soup would have taken longer to make than the split pea soup." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Mary wants or needs:\nMary will give up the chance to eat the minestrone soup, which would have been tastier than the split pea soup.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\ncarving a piece of wood\nwater boiling on a stove\n\n0. Both are chemical changes.\n1. Both are only physical changes.\n2. Both are caused by cooling.\n3. Both are caused by heating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nCarving a piece of wood is a physical change. The wood changes shape, but it is still made of the same type of matter.\nWater boiling on the stove is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The liquid changes into a gas, but a different type of matter is not formed.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nWater boiling is caused by heating. But carving a piece of wood is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the verbal irony in this text suggest?\n\"Someone had better turn on the heat,\" Lexi said, sweat glistening on her face.\n\n0. The temperature was too warm.\n1. The temperature was too cool." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nSomeone had better turn on the heat ironically suggests that the temperature was too warm. Lexi did not think that more heat was needed; she was already sweating.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nWhen Alana first joined the track team, she was afraid of jumping, but she got over that hurdle.\n\n0. verbal irony\n1. pun" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a pun, a word or phrase that humorously suggests more than one meaning.\nHurdle refers to an obstacle that one must overcome. It also refers to an object that a runner jumps over.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Kenneth's genotype for the Thomsen disease gene?\n\n0. not having Thomsen disease\n1. mm" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Kenneth has two alleles for not having Thomsen disease (m). So, Kenneth's genotype for the Thomsen disease gene is mm.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. The barber and his brother opened their shop in Harlem more than thirty years ago.\n1. Elena and her brother rummaged through the boxes in the attic, but they couldn't find their father's childhood baseball glove." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction but.\nElena and her brother rummaged through the boxes in the attic, but they couldn't find their father's childhood baseball glove.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word amazed on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\naboard - arrive\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince amazed is between the guide words aboard - arrive, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the animal.\n\n0. Raspberry bushes have green leaves.\n1. Hippopotamuses eat plants." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A hippopotamus is an animal. It eats plants.\nHippopotamuses keep cool by lying in mud or water.\nA raspberry bush is a plant. It has green leaves.\nMost raspberries are red. But raspberries can also be purple or yellow.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a run-on sentence?\n\n0. Dalton picked apples, he will give some away.\n1. The explorers nervously entered the dark cave." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Dalton picked apples, he will give some away is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined by just a comma: Dalton picked apples and He will give some away.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a pair of boots?\n\n0. 2 grams\n1. 2 kilograms" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the mass of a pair of boots is 2 kilograms.\n2 grams is too light.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement. Assume that the sled's mass did not change.\nThe gravitational potential energy stored between the sled and Earth () as Edna rode down the hill.\n\n0. decreased\n1. stayed the same\n2. increased" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Think about how the distance between the sled and the center of Earth changed.\nThe bottom of the hill was lower than the point where Edna started sledding. As Edna rode toward the bottom of the hill, the distance between the sled and the center of Earth decreased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the sled and Earth decreased as Edna rode down the hill.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the metaphor in this text suggest?\nWhen Devin lost his job, he was devastated. The only light in the sea of darkness was the prospect of pursuing a new career.\n\n0. There was a benefit to Devin's job loss.\n1. Having to pursue a new career was the worst part of Devin's job loss." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a metaphor, comparing two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe metaphor the only light in the sea of darkness was the prospect of pursuing a new career suggests that there was a benefit to Devin's job loss. A light would be beneficial in helping someone escape a dark, difficult-to-navigate situation. Similarly, Devin's new career was beneficial in helping him escape the emotionally difficult experience of losing his job.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words are made up of syllables. Two kinds of syllables are closed and open.\nA closed syllable has one vowel and ends with a consonant. It usually has a short vowel sound.\ndesk: short e\nkit / ten: short i / short e\nAn open syllable ends with one vowel. It usually has a long vowel sound.\ngo: long o\nhe / ro: long e / long o\nSome open syllables end with y. The y makes a long e sound or a long i sound.\nsky: long i\nba / by: long a / long e\n\nQuestion:\nLook at the word. Does it have a closed syllable or an open syllable?\nhelp\n\n0. closed\n1. open" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The word help ends with a consonant and has a short vowel sound. So, it has a closed syllable.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a soccer field?\n\n0. 120 meters\n1. 120 kilometers" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the length of a soccer field is 120 meters.\n120 kilometers is too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the simile in this text suggest?\nMy momma always said life was like a box of chocolates. You never know what you're gonna get.\n\u2014Forrest Gump\n\n0. Life is luxurious.\n1. Life is unpredictable." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text includes a simile, using like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe simile life was like a box of chocolates suggests that life is unpredictable. You don't know what type of filling is inside a chocolate until you try it, just as you don't know what life holds for you until it happens.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nPedro lives in a town with hot summers and freezing cold winters.\n\n0. climate\n1. weather" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nPedro lives in a town with hot summers and freezing cold winters.\nThis passage tells you about the usual temperatures where Pedro lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. The vinyl album broke just as Mr. Tang was about to play it on his old record player.\n1. Just as Mr. Tang was about to play the vinyl album on his old record player, it broke." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to the vinyl album or the record player.\nJust as Mr. Tang was about to play the vinyl album on his old record player, it broke.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nThe vinyl album broke just as Mr. Tang was about to play it on his old record player.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nUncle Danny will cook dinner for us.\n\n0. present tense\n1. past tense\n2. future tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, cook. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the liquid.\n\n0. peppermint candy\n1. water in a glass\n2. piece of paper\n3. stuffed hippo" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A peppermint candy is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. A peppermint candy can change shape in your mouth. But before you eat it, a peppermint candy has a size and shape of its own.\nA piece of paper is a solid. You can fold a piece of paper. But it will still have a size and shape of its own.\nThe water in a glass is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour water from a glass into a different container, the water will take the shape of that container. But the water will still take up the same amount of space.\nA stuffed hippo is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. When you hold a stuffed hippo in your hands, the stuffed hippo still has a size and shape of its own.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the euphemism in this text suggest?\nEd is big-boned, so despite being in middle school, he often shops in the men's department.\n\n0. Ed is tall for his age.\n1. Ed is overweight." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe euphemism big-boned suggests that Ed is overweight.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Thanks,\nRebecca\n1. thanks,\nRebecca" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nHow can I be expected to do my homework when billions of people around the world are throwing their plastic water bottles away without recycling them?\n\n0. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\n1. red herring: the use of a completely unrelated topic or idea" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that people not recycling somehow prevents the speaker from doing homework. However, these two ideas aren't related. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a red herring.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nMartina was known among her coworkers for her spartan ways.\n\n0. Greek history\n1. the Bible" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion spartan is Greek history.\nSoldiers from the city of Sparta in ancient Greece were known for their self-restraint, self-discipline, and indifference to luxury.\nThe allusion spartan means simple and austere.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nLayla has a scar on her left elbow.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the slowest will go the shortest distance in that time. It is moving at the lowest speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of three ships. Which ship was moving at the lowest speed?\n\n0. a ship that moved 290miles east in 10hours\n1. a ship that moved 310miles south in 10hours\n2. a ship that moved 280miles east in 10hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each ship moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each ship moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each ship moved for 10 hours. The ship that moved 280 miles moved the shortest distance in that time. So, that ship must have moved at the lowest speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. The paper changes into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nIce melting is also a physical change. When ice melts, it changes from a solid to a liquid. But both ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water! This kind of change is called a change of state.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nSawing a log in half is a ().\n\n0. chemical change\n1. physical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Sawing a log in half is a physical change. The log splits into two pieces. But the pieces are still made of the same type of matter.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the vertebrate.\n\n0. bess beetle\n1. forest scorpion\n2. sea urchin\n3. gray wolf" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A sea urchin is an echinoderm. Like other echinoderms, a sea urchin is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone.\nA bess beetle is an insect. Like other insects, a bess beetle is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA gray wolf is a mammal. Like other mammals, a gray wolf is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nLike other scorpions, a forest scorpion is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Dear Grandpa john,\n1. Dear Grandpa John," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Grandpa John is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nAt twenty-one, Edwin felt overwhelmed with adult responsibilities and wished he could fly off to Neverland.\n\n0. allusion\n1. simile" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nNeverland alludes to the story of Peter Pan, a boy who lived in Neverland and never grew up.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nAlthough Gary hasn't worked in years, his mother prefers to say that he's between jobs right now.\n\n0. oxymoron\n1. euphemism" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nBetween jobs is an indirect way of saying unemployed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a large trash can?\n\n0. 20 cups\n1. 20 fluid ounces\n2. 20 gallons" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the volume of a large trash can is 20 gallons.\n20 fluid ounces and 20 cups are both too little.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of an article?\n\n0. \"Exercise Is the Key to Good Health\"\n1. Exercise Is the Key to Good Health" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An article should be in quotation marks.\nThe correct title is \"Exercise Is the Key to Good Health.\"\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nteacher - total\n\n0. trolley\n1. think" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince think is between the guide words teacher - total, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Astro's phenotype for the coat color trait?\n\n0. a black coat\n1. a reddish-brown coat" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You need to determine Astro's phenotype for the coat color trait. First, consider the alleles in Astro's genotype for the coat color gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for a reddish-brown coat (l) is recessive to the allele for a black coat (L). This means L is a dominant allele, and l is a recessive allele.\nAstro's genotype of Ll has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Astro's phenotype for the coat color trait must be a black coat.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one substance that is not a mineral.\n\n0. Hornblende is a pure substance. It is formed in nature.\n1. Pyrite is formed in nature. It is a pure substance.\n2. A marble is made in a factory. It is a solid." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nHornblende is a mineral.\nA marble is made in a factory. But all minerals are formed in nature.\nSo, a marble is not a mineral.\nPyrite is a mineral.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the description that doesn't belong.\n\n0. clever\n1. foolish\n2. wise\n3. scared" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Scared doesn't belong.\nClever, foolish, and wise all describe how smart someone is.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is harder?\n\n0. wood board\n1. wool sweater" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Hard is a property. A hard material keeps its shape when you press on it with your finger.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pushing on the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the wood board is harder. If you press on a piece of wood, it will not change shape.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a movie?\n\n0. marley and Me\n1. Marley and Me" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word and is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is Marley and Me.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is an eyelash?\n\n0. 7 meters\n1. 7 centimeters\n2. 7 kilometers\n3. 7 millimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of an eyelash is 7 millimeters.\n7 centimeters, 7 meters, and 7 kilometers are all too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of an earthworm?\n\n0. 5 kilograms\n1. 5 grams" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the mass of an earthworm is 5 grams.\n5 kilograms is too heavy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nAbby thinks Mr. Larson is a Luddite because he doesn't own a cell phone.\n\n0. Roman history\n1. British history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Luddite is British history.\nIn the early nineteenth century, factories were replacing the jobs of craftsmen. Some of these craftsmen banded together to destroy the new machinery; those who did so were called Luddites.\nThe allusion Luddite means a person opposed to new technology.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a book?\n\n0. an Eye for an Eye\n1. An Eye for an Eye" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The words for and an are not important, so they should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is An Eye for an Eye.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Nicole inherited this trait?\n\n0. Nicole and her mother both have short hair.\n1. Nicole's parents were born with wavy hair. They passed down this trait to Nicole." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nIn this work are exhibited in a very high degree the two most engaging powers of an author. New things are made familiar, and familiar things are made new.\n\u2014Samuel Johnson, Lives of the English Poets\n\n0. chiasmus\n1. apostrophe" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses chiasmus, an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nThe second time they appear, the words new and familiar are in reverse order.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is smoother?\n\n0. glass cup\n1. concrete sidewalk" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Smooth is a property. A smooth material is not rough or bumpy.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the glass cup is smoother. If you touch the surface of a glass cup, it will not feel rough or bumpy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Zora's genotype for the eye color gene?\n\n0. red eyes\n1. EE" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Zora has two alleles for red eyes (E). So, Zora's genotype for the eye color gene is EE.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nTwo rocks have the same temperature but different masses. Which rock has less thermal energy?\n\n0. the rock with more mass\n1. the rock with less mass" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two rocks have the same temperature and are made of the same type of matter. So, the rock with less mass has less thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. The authors say that Wilhelm Conrad R\u00f6ntgen accidentally discovered X-rays when experimenting with vacuum tubes.\n1. They say that Wilhelm Conrad R\u00f6ntgen accidentally discovered X-rays when experimenting with vacuum tubes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun they is used without its antecedent.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. They has been replaced with the authors.\nThe authors say that Wilhelm Conrad R\u00f6ntgen accidentally discovered X-rays when experimenting with vacuum tubes.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving faster will go a farther distance in that time. It is moving at a higher speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of two motorboats. Which motorboat was moving at a higher speed?\n\n0. a motorboat that moved 355kilometers in 5hours\n1. a motorboat that moved 65kilometers in 5hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each motorboat moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne motorboat moved 355 kilometers in 5 hours.\nThe other motorboat moved 65 kilometers in 5 hours.\nNotice that each motorboat spent the same amount of time moving. The motorboat that moved 355 kilometers moved a farther distance in that time. So, that motorboat must have moved at a higher speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nElizabeth is good at knitting sweaters.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People are not born knowing how to knit. Instead, many people learn how to knit. Knitting well takes practice. So, knitting well is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word long on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nlevel - lion\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince long is not between the guide words level - lion, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true. Facts can be proved by observing, measuring, or studying information.\nThe flag of the United States has 13 stripes.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at the flag and counting the number of stripes.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nThe flag of the United States is easy to draw.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about what makes a flag \"easy\" to draw.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. Riding the subway is the best way to get around New York City.\n1. New York City's first subway started running on October 27, 1904." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence states a fact.\nNew York City's first subway started running on October 27, 1904.\nIt can be proved by reading a book about the history of New York City.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nRiding the subway is the best way to get around New York City.\nBest shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about which way is the best.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "During peer review, you read and respond to a fellow student's writing. While there are many methods and strategies that you can use for reviewing a text, it is generally helpful to frame your suggestions in concrete and constructive ways and to consider the following areas for revision:\nIdeas and development: Does the writer express a clear idea and develop it with evidence, examples, or analysis?\nOrganization: Does the writer order ideas in a clear, logical way so that they build on one another and are easy to follow?\nVoice: Does the writer maintain an appropriate voice, such as a formal and objective voice in an academic essay or an engaging and expressive voice in a narrative essay?\nSentence fluency: Does the writer use sentences that vary in structure and length to create a sense of rhythm and flow within and between sentences, or does the writing sound choppy, rambling, or repetitive?\nWord choice: Does the writer use words accurately and precisely to create clear, effective, and engaging writing?\nGrammar and mechanics: Does the writer follow appropriate conventions, using accurate spelling, punctuation, and grammar to create writing that is correct and easy to read?\n\nQuestion:\nRead the following excerpt from a student essay. How can the writer best improve his or her grammar and mechanics?\nIn Great Expectations by Charles Dickens, Pip, a young orphan, is sent by his sister to the home of Miss Havisham, a wealthy, eccentric woman. There he meets Estella, a beautiful girl whom he falls hopelessly in love with. On one visit to Miss Havisham's, Pip encounters a boy who challenges him to a fight; wanting to impress Estella, he hits the boy. \"I never have been so surprised in my life as I was when I let out the first blow and saw him lying on his back, looking up at me with a bloody nose\", Pip recounts. Estella seems delighted and says to Pip \"Come here! You may kiss me if you like\".\n\n0. by fixing run-on sentences\n1. by punctuating quotations correctly\n2. by using semicolons correctly" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The writer could best improve his or her grammar and mechanics by punctuating quotations correctly.\nFor example, the writer could revise the underlined text by placing periods and commas inside the quotation marks and by using a comma before the second quotation.\nIn Great Expectations by Charles Dickens, Pip, a young orphan, is sent by his sister to the home of Miss Havisham, a wealthy, eccentric woman. There he meets Estella, a beautiful girl whom he falls hopelessly in love with. On one visit to Miss Havisham's, Pip encounters a boy who challenges him to a fight; wanting to impress Estella, he hits the boy. \"I never have been so surprised in my life as I was when I let out the first blow and saw him lying on his back, looking up at me with a bloody nose\", Pip recounts. Estella seems delighted and says to Pip \"Come here! You may kiss me if you like\".\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a soccer field?\n\n0. 95 kilometers\n1. 95 centimeters\n2. 95 meters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a soccer field is 95 meters.\n95 centimeters is too short and 95 kilometers is too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. When paper gets hot enough, it reacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, ice melting is a physical change. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nA firework exploding is a ().\n\n0. chemical change\n1. physical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A firework exploding is a chemical change. During the explosion, the type of matter in the firework changes. This change produces sound, heat, and light.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving faster will go a farther distance in that time. It is moving at a higher speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of two mountain bikers. Which mountain biker was moving at a higher speed?\n\n0. a mountain biker who moved 190kilometers in 10hours\n1. a mountain biker who moved 255kilometers in 10hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each mountain biker moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne mountain biker moved 255 kilometers in 10 hours.\nThe other mountain biker moved 190 kilometers in 10 hours.\nNotice that each mountain biker spent the same amount of time moving. The mountain biker who moved 255 kilometers moved a farther distance in that time. So, that mountain biker must have moved at a higher speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the idiom in this text suggest?\n\"Speak of the devil!\" Tina declared when Larry strolled into the room.\n\n0. Tina had just been speaking about Larry.\n1. Tina didn't trust Larry." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom speak of the devil suggests that Tina had just been speaking about Larry. People say this when the person they've just been speaking about coincidentally arrives, as if summoned.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the verbal irony in this text suggest?\n\"That fits you well,\" Ron remarked after Marcy's cap fell over her eyes for the tenth time.\n\n0. The cap was too big.\n1. The cap looked nice on Marcy." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nFits you well ironically suggests that the cap was too big. The cap was falling over Marcy's eyes, so it didn't fit her well at all.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell.\nAll living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change.\nAll living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the living thing.\n\n0. sea cucumber\n1. candy\n2. calculator\n3. windmill" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A windmill is not a living thing.\nA windmill does not have all the traits of a living thing. It moves in the wind, but it does not grow. It does not need food or water.\nA calculator is not a living thing.\nA calculator does not have all the traits of a living thing. It can do math problems, but it does not grow. It does not need food or water.\nCandy is not a living thing.\nCandy does not have all of the traits of a living thing. It is sweet and can be shaped like fruit. But it does not grow like real fruit. It does not need food or water.\nA sea cucumber is a living thing.\nSea cucumbers grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Sea cucumbers are made up of many cells.\nSea cucumbers are animals with soft spines covering their bodies. They live on the ocean floor.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a complex sentence?\n\n0. Freedom of speech and trial by jury are two important rights in the United States Constitution.\n1. Mackenzie and her mom sat on the back porch and watched as the sun sank into the horizon." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction as.\nMackenzie and her mom sat on the back porch and watched as the sun sank into the horizon.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word throb on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ntaper - tentacle\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince throb is not between the guide words taper - tentacle, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Emily had witnessed a crime, so she made a call to report it. The operator promptly dispatched police to investigate the scene.\n1. Emily had witnessed a crime, so she made a call to report it. They promptly dispatched police to investigate the scene." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun they is used without its antecedent.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. They has been replaced with the operator.\nEmily had witnessed a crime, so she made a call to report it. The operator promptly dispatched police to investigate the scene.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Cheyenne's phenotype for the horns trait?\n\n0. not having horns\n1. having horns" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Cheyenne's genotype for the horns gene is HH. Cheyenne's genotype of HH has only H allelles. The H allele is for not having horns. So, Cheyenne's phenotype for the horns trait must be not having horns.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Cheyenne's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for not having horns (H) is dominant over the allele for having horns (h). This means H is a dominant allele, and h is a recessive allele.\nCheyenne's genotype of HH has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Cheyenne's phenotype for the horns trait must be not having horns.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. The Mississippi River flows from Lake Itasca to the Gulf of Mexico.\n1. The cook seasons the chicken, and her helper roasts it." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction and.\nThe cook seasons the chicken, and her helper roasts it.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nchose - confident\n\n0. capitol\n1. clung" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince clung is between the guide words chose - confident, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nsewing an apron\nwater evaporating from a lake\n\n0. Both are only physical changes.\n1. Both are caused by heating.\n2. Both are chemical changes.\n3. Both are caused by cooling." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nSewing an apron is a physical change. The fabric and thread that make up the apron get a new shape, but the type of matter in each of them does not change.\nWater evaporating from a lake is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The liquid changes into a gas, but a different type of matter is not formed.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nWater evaporating is caused by heating. But sewing an apron is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks.\nThere are several ways to fix a run-on sentence:\nUse stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks.\n\nQuestion:\nIs this a run-on sentence?\nIt is estimated that ten percent of the population has a fear of needles, medical researchers are developing devices that make injections pain-free.\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This is a run-on sentence. It is a comma splice formed from two sentences run together, joined by just a comma.\nIt is estimated that ten percent of the population has a fear of needles, medical researchers are developing devices that make injections pain-free.\nHere is one way to fix the run-on sentence:\nIt is estimated that ten percent of the population has a fear of needles, so medical researchers are developing devices that make injections pain free.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nKaty is good at baking.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People are not born knowing how to bake. Instead, many people learn how to bake. So, baking is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A pure substance is made of only one type of matter.\nA mixture is made of two or more types of matter mixed together.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the mixture.\n\n0. silver\n1. mud" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich drop of dish soap has more thermal energy?\n\n0. the hotter drop of dish soap\n1. the colder drop of dish soap" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two drops of dish soap are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the hotter drop of dish soap has more thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a spider's leg?\n\n0. 17 meters\n1. 17 centimeters\n2. 17 millimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a spider's leg is 17 millimeters.\n17 centimeters and 17 meters are both too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a simple sentence?\n\n0. Rumors about Mayor Gomez were spreading like wildfire, so she set the record straight at a press conference.\n1. Kayla and her sisters drew a map of the United States and hung it on the wall." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is the simple sentence. It is a single independent clause.\nKayla and her sisters drew a map of the United States and hung it on the wall.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Dear Uncle brad,\n1. Dear Uncle Brad," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Uncle Brad is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a movie?\n\n0. \"Nothing but the Best\"\n1. ***Nothing but the Best***" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A movie should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **Nothing but the Best**.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nAriel, I've told you a million times: you need to dry the dishes before you put them away.\n\n0. hyperbole\n1. paradox" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nA million times is an exaggeration, since it is unlikely that Ariel has actually been told this a million times.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Fifi's genotype for the ear type gene?\n\n0. normal ears\n1. EE" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Fifi has two alleles for normal ears (E). So, Fifi's genotype for the ear type gene is EE.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence uses a metaphor?\n\n0. The baby fish in the aquarium are as tiny as specks.\n1. The baby fish in the aquarium are tiny specks." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This sentence uses a metaphor:\nThe baby fish in the aquarium are tiny specks.\nThe words baby fish and specks are compared without the word like or as.\nThis sentence uses a simile:\nThe baby fish in the aquarium are as tiny as specks.\nThe words baby fish and specks are compared using the word as.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object.\n\nQuestion:\nAssume all other forces on the cactus are balanced. Which statement describes the forces on the cactus?\n\n0. The forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on the cactus.\n1. The forces are balanced, so there is no net force on the cactus." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To determine if there is a net force on the cactus, look at the forces:\nAriana is pulling the cactus up with a force of 20 N.\nEarth's gravity is pulling the cactus down with a force of 15 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have different magnitudes: 20 N and 15 N. This means that the forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on the cactus.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a run-on sentence?\n\n0. In the story, a giant hid a bag of gold and jewels.\n1. Mom was lost in Morristown she asked someone for directions." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Mom was lost in Morristown she asked someone for directions is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined without end punctuation: Mom was lost in Morristown and She asked someone for directions.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "During a chemical reaction, thermal energy is absorbed or released as heat. This transfer of thermal energy changes the temperature of the reaction's surroundings. The surroundings are everything around the reaction, such as the solution that the reaction takes place in or the air nearby.\nSome reactions release thermal energy into the surroundings. This thermal energy is converted from chemical energy, which is provided by the molecules in the reaction. As the thermal energy moves out of the reaction and into the surroundings, the temperature of the surroundings increases.\nSome reactions absorb thermal energy from the surroundings. This thermal energy is converted into chemical energy during the reaction. As the thermal energy moves out of the surroundings and into the reaction, the temperature of the surroundings decreases.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement.\nDuring this chemical reaction, the air around the reaction becomes ().\n\n0. colder\n1. warmer" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To determine whether the air around the reaction becomes warmer or colder, look for the text that describes the movement of thermal energy during the reaction.The most common type of cement in the world is Portland cement, named after an area of England that has a lot of limestone. Limestone is made up mostly of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). When calcium carbonate is heated, it breaks down into carbon dioxide (CO2) and calcium oxide (CaO), the main ingredient in Portland cement. During this reaction, thermal energy is taken in from the surroundings and converted to chemical energy.The underlined text tells you that thermal energy is taken in from the surroundings. Because thermal energy moves out of the surroundings and into the reaction, the temperature of the surroundings decreases.The surroundings include the air around the reaction. So, the air around the reaction becomes colder.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nFrom August to November 1918, the Allied powers won many battles. This was called the Hundred Days Offensive. What happened after the Hundred Days Offensive?\n\n0. Russia joined the war again.\n1. The United States Congress decided not to send any more soldiers to Europe.\n2. Germany surrendered to the Allied powers.\n3. The Allied powers started to lose a lot of battles." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The Hundred Days Offensive was a turning point in World War I. In war, an offensive is a large attack. After the Hundred Days Offensive, Germany surrendered to the Allied powers. The war was over.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Thanks,\nNina\n1. thanks,\nNina" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nAs Matt sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.\n\n0. compound-complex\n1. simple\n2. complex\n3. compound" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is complex. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction as.\nAs Matt sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving faster will go a farther distance in that time. It is moving at a higher speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of two birds. Which bird was moving at a higher speed?\n\n0. a bird that moved 15miles in 5hours\n1. a bird that moved 25miles in 5hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each bird moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne bird moved 25 miles in 5 hours.\nThe other bird moved 15 miles in 5 hours.\nNotice that each bird spent the same amount of time moving. The bird that moved 25 miles moved a farther distance in that time. So, that bird must have moved at a higher speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Hunter investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Is the pet lizard more active when its tank is heated with one heating lamp or with two heating lamps?\n1. Is the pet lizard more active when it is fed insects or lettuce?\n2. Is the pet lizard more active when it is fed crickets or mealworms?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nMr. Leonard can quit smoking because he's capable of stopping.\n\n0. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\n1. hasty generalization: a broad claim based on too few observations\n2. ad hominem: an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Mr. Leonard can quit smoking because he is able to stop. However, the \"evidence\" is just a restatement of the claim itself. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks.\nThere are several ways to fix a run-on sentence:\nUse stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks.\n\nQuestion:\nIs this a run-on sentence?\nMexico is the world's largest avocado producer, one variety is so profitable that Mexican farmers refer to the fruit as oro verde, or green gold.\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This is a run-on sentence. It is a comma splice formed from two sentences run together, joined by just a comma.\nMexico is the world's largest avocado producer, one variety is so profitable that Mexican farmers refer to the fruit as oro verde, or green gold.\nHere is one way to fix the run-on sentence:\nMexico is the world's largest avocado producer. One variety is so profitable that Mexican farmers refer to the fruit as oro verde, or green gold.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. McClain Electronics has a reputation for responding quickly to all customer concerns and questions.\n1. McClain Electronics has a reputation for responding real quick to customer concerns and questions." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses conversational language (real quick).\nThe first sentence uses formal language in place of the conversational language, so it is more formal overall.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 8 long. You might be thinking, 8 what? Is the pencil 8 inches long? 8 feet? 8 miles?\nThe number 8 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are inches. So, the length of the pencil is 8 inches.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot. So, 1 inch is much shorter than 1 foot.\nThere are 3 feet in 1 yard. So, 1 foot is shorter than 1 yard.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a long-distance running race?\n\n0. 23 yards\n1. 23 miles" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the length of a long-distance running race is 23 miles.\n23 yards is too short.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a full box of cereal?\n\n0. 500 kilograms\n1. 500 grams" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the mass of a full box of cereal is 500 grams.\n500 kilograms is too heavy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nJustin picked up his pace on the trail as his spidey sense began to tingle.\n\n0. a comic book\n1. a song" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion spidey sense is a comic book.\nThe comic book superhero Spider-Man possesses a spidey sense that warns him of impending trouble.\nThe allusion spidey sense means a sense of danger coming.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a sentence fragment?\n\n0. This warm blue blanket.\n1. The greedy king kept all the jewels for himself and his sons." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This warm blue blanket is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rocks are made of minerals. Here are some properties of rocks:\nThey are solid.\nThey are formed in nature.\nThey are not made by living things.\nThey are not pure substances.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one substance that is not a rock.\n\n0. Shale is formed in nature. It is a solid.\n1. Granodiorite is not made by living things. It is not a pure substance.\n2. Cotton is made by living things. It is a solid." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of rocks. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of rocks.\nCotton is made by living things. But rocks are not made by living things.\nSo, cotton is not a rock.\nGranodiorite is a rock.\nShale is a rock.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word object on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\noff - onion\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince object is not between the guide words off - onion, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. They passed the bill without too much trouble, but it will not become law until the president has given his approval.\n1. Legislators passed the bill without too much trouble, but it will not become law until the president has given his approval." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun they is used without its antecedent.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. They has been replaced with legislators.\nLegislators passed the bill without too much trouble, but it will not become law until the president has given his approval.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nwater evaporating from a lake\nice crystals forming on a window\n\n0. Both are caused by heating.\n1. Both are caused by cooling.\n2. Both are only physical changes.\n3. Both are chemical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nWater evaporating from a lake is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The liquid changes into a gas, but a different type of matter is not formed.\nIce crystals forming on a window is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. Water vapor in the air can change directly into ice when it touches a very cold window! A change of state from a gas to a solid is called depositing.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nWater evaporating is caused by heating. But ice crystals forming on a window is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nIce crystals form on a window when water vapor in the air becomes ice. This is caused by cooling. But water evaporating from a lake is not.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Lady's phenotype for the coat color trait?\n\n0. a reddish-brown coat\n1. a black coat" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You need to determine Lady's phenotype for the coat color trait. First, consider the alleles in Lady's genotype for the coat color gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for a reddish-brown coat (l) is recessive to the allele for a black coat (L). This means L is a dominant allele, and l is a recessive allele.\nLady's genotype of Ll has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Lady's phenotype for the coat color trait must be a black coat.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nDid you really vote for Porter as class treasurer? Didn't you hear that his uncle was imprisoned for embezzling $1.5 million?\n\n0. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something\n1. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Porter can't be trusted with money, because his uncle embezzled money. However, even though his uncle couldn't be trusted with money, that doesn't necessarily mean that Porter can't be trusted with it. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is the smoothest?\n\n0. burlap sack\n1. asphalt road\n2. linen handkerchief" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Smooth is a property. A smooth material is not rough or bumpy.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the linen handkerchief is the smoothest. If you touch linen fabric, it will not feel rough.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement.\nRadon is ().\n\n0. an elementary substance\n1. a compound" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You can tell whether radon is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of symbols in its chemical formula. A symbol contains either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for radon is Rn. This formula contains one symbol: Rn. So, the formula tells you that radon is made of one chemical element.\nSubstances made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. So, radon is an elementary substance.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a hammer?\n\n0. 19 meters\n1. 19 centimeters\n2. 19 kilometers\n3. 19 millimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a hammer is 19 centimeters.\n19 millimeters is too short. 19 meters and 19 kilometers are too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Kitkat's phenotype for the agouti fur trait?\n\n0. Aa\n1. having agouti fur" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Kitkat's observable version of the agouti fur trait is having agouti fur. So, Kitkat's phenotype for the agouti fur trait is having agouti fur.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word foul on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nfarm - free\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince foul is between the guide words farm - free, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the animal.\n\n0. Pine trees have green leaves.\n1. Barn owls walk and fly." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A barn owl is an animal. It walks and flies.\nA barn owl is a bird. Barn owls live on every continent except Antarctica.\nA pine tree is a plant. It has green leaves.\nPine tree seeds grow in cones. Trees that grow cones are called conifers.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word speck on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nsombrero - sway\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince speck is between the guide words sombrero - sway, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the fastest will go the farthest distance in that time. It is moving at the highest speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of three ships. Which ship was moving at the highest speed?\n\n0. a ship that moved 165miles west in 5hours\n1. a ship that moved 210miles south in 5hours\n2. a ship that moved 75miles west in 5hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each ship moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each ship moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each ship moved for 5 hours. The ship that moved 210 miles moved the farthest distance in that time. So, that ship must have moved at the highest speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nZach says that he would not be the person he is today were it not for his childhood, which he describes as Dickensian.\n\n0. a song\n1. literature" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Dickensian is literature.\nThe works of British author Charles Dickens often featured characters struggling to survive in settings such as debtors' prisons and orphanages.\nThe allusion Dickensian means harsh or poverty-stricken.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Jack's phenotype for the cheek color trait?\n\n0. pale orange cheeks\n1. bright orange cheeks" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You need to determine Jack's phenotype for the cheek color trait. First, consider the alleles in Jack's genotype for the cheek color gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for bright orange cheeks (R) is dominant over the allele for pale orange cheeks (r). This means R is a dominant allele, and r is a recessive allele.\nJack's genotype of Rr has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Jack's phenotype for the cheek color trait must be bright orange cheeks.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Solid and liquid are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own.\nSome solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break.\nA glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container.\nThink about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space.\nJuice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the solid.\n\n0. baseball\n1. apple juice\n2. wet paint" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the idiom in this text suggest?\nMr. and Mrs. Campbell usually see eye to eye, but not when it comes to the controversial mayoral race.\n\n0. Mr. and Mrs. Campbell usually agree.\n1. Mr. and Mrs. Campbell are not politically active." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom see eye to eye suggests that Mr. and Mrs. Campbell usually agree. When you see eye to eye with someone, you share their opinion.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a sentence fragment?\n\n0. The greedy king kept all the jewels for himself and his sons.\n1. Will change out of her wet pants and shirt." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Will change out of her wet pants and shirt is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Dear Ms. Harrington,\n1. dear Ms. Harrington," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Ms. Harrington is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word repair on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nranch - ripple\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince repair is between the guide words ranch - ripple, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Fossils are preserved remains of the body parts or activities of ancient organisms.\nSome fossils show the body parts of organisms. Bones and shells are two body parts that are commonly preserved in fossils.\nSome fossils show traces of an organism's activities. Footprints and burrows are two examples of traces that can be preserved in fossils. A burrow is a hole dug by an animal.\nAll fossils are formed in nature. They take thousands of years to form.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nFossils are () of ancient organisms.\n\n0. the living tissues\n1. preserved remains of the body parts or activities\n2. human-made models" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A chemical change occurs when new substances are formed from existing substances. This process is called a chemical reaction.\nIn a chemical reaction, one or more substances change into one or more different substances. During the reaction, the atoms of the original substances are rearranged to form other substances.\nThe original substances in a chemical reaction are called reactants. These substances react, or go through a chemical change.\nThe substances that are formed in a chemical reaction are called products. These substances are produced by the chemical reaction.\nSo, in a chemical reaction, reactants go through a chemical change to form products.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nIn this chemical reaction, water is a ().\n\n0. reactant\n1. product" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the underlined text carefully. Look for information about what happens to water in this chemical reaction.\nLike people on Earth, astronauts living on the International Space Station need oxygen to survive. Since there is no oxygen in space for the astronauts to breathe, they make oxygen using a process called electrolysis. This process uses electricity to break down water into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. The hydrogen gas can be removed from the space station or recycled, and the oxygen gas is released into the air that the astronauts breathe.\nThe underlined text tells you that when water breaks down, oxygen and hydrogen are formed. When water reacts, or goes through a chemical change, its atoms are rearranged to form oxygen and hydrogen. Because water reacts in this chemical reaction, water is a reactant.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nThomas Edison was a famous ().\n\n0. inventor\n1. athlete\n2. soldier\n3. composer" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Thomas Alva Edison was a famous inventor. An inventor is someone who comes up with new ideas and tools.\nThomas Edison came up with many different inventions during his life. Some of them were successful, and some of them were not. A few of them changed the way that people live every day.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Melissa inherited this trait?\n\n0. Melissa's parents have dark skin. They passed down this trait to Melissa.\n1. Melissa and her father both have dark hair." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nburning a candle\nmelting glass\n\n0. Both are chemical changes.\n1. Both are only physical changes.\n2. Both are caused by heating.\n3. Both are caused by cooling." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nBurning a candle is a chemical change. Both the wick and the melted wax burn. They react with oxygen in the air and turn into soot, carbon dioxide, and water.\nMelting glass is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The glass changes from solid to liquid. But a different type of matter is not formed.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nMelting glass is a physical change. But burning a candle is not.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBurning a candle is a chemical change. But melting glass is not.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBoth changes are caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the slowest will go the shortest distance in that time. It is moving at the lowest speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of three sailboats. Which sailboat was moving at the lowest speed?\n\n0. a sailboat that moved 80kilometers west in 5hours\n1. a sailboat that moved 40kilometers north in 5hours\n2. a sailboat that moved 35kilometers north in 5hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each sailboat moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each sailboat moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each sailboat moved for 5 hours. The sailboat that moved 35 kilometers moved the shortest distance in that time. So, that sailboat must have moved at the lowest speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\nAs Todd rushed down the hill, the wind () his ears.\n\n0. rushed by\n1. sang in" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Complete the sentence with the phrase sang in. It describes the wind as if it were a singer.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nMr. Kramer will coach the girls' basketball team.\n\n0. future tense\n1. present tense\n2. past tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, coach. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a large soup pot?\n\n0. 4 liters\n1. 4 milliliters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of a large soup pot is 4 liters.\n4 milliliters is too little.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nAll the cars at Bradford's Auto Dealership are certified pre-owned. Although they all seem to be in good condition, I think I'd prefer to buy a new car.\n\n0. euphemism\n1. paradox" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nPre-owned is an indirect way of saying used.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has more thermal energy?\n\n0. a 250-gram glass of orange juice at a temperature of 70\u00b0F\n1. a 250-gram glass of orange juice at a temperature of 45\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two glasses of orange juice have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 70\u00b0F glass of orange juice is hotter than the 45\u00b0F glass of orange juice, it has more thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rocks are made of minerals. Here are some properties of rocks:\nThey are solid.\nThey are formed in nature.\nThey are not made by living things.\nThey are not pure substances.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one substance that is not a rock.\n\n0. Chert is not a pure substance. It is a solid.\n1. Calcarenite is formed in nature. It is a solid.\n2. Burlap is made by humans. It is a solid." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of rocks. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of rocks.\nCalcarenite is a rock.\nBurlap is made by humans. But rocks are not made by living things.\nSo, burlap is not a rock.\nChert is a rock.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the fastest will go the farthest distance in that time. It is moving at the highest speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of three speedboats. Which speedboat was moving at the highest speed?\n\n0. a speedboat that moved 395kilometers west in 5hours\n1. a speedboat that moved 345kilometers west in 5hours\n2. a speedboat that moved 335kilometers south in 5hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each speedboat moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each speedboat moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each speedboat moved for 5 hours. The speedboat that moved 395 kilometers moved the farthest distance in that time. So, that speedboat must have moved at the highest speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the verbal irony in this text suggest?\n\"This salsa could use a little more spice,\" Fred said as he gulped down water and wiped tears from his eyes.\n\n0. The salsa was too spicy.\n1. The salsa was tasteless." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nCould use a little more spice ironically suggests that the salsa was too spicy. Fred gulped down water and wiped tears from his eyes, indications that the salsa was indeed too spicy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has more thermal energy?\n\n0. a 150-gram cup of black tea at a temperature of 70\u00b0C\n1. a 150-gram cup of black tea at a temperature of 50\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two cups of black tea have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 70\u00b0C cup of black tea is hotter than the 50\u00b0C cup of black tea, it has more thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A trait is the way a living thing looks or acts. A habitat is the place where a living thing grows or lives.\nAn adaptation is a trait that helps a living thing stay alive in its habitat.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following is a trait of a living thing?\n\n0. the way the living thing acts\n1. how much water is in the living thing's habitat\n2. how much sunshine the living thing gets" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nThe Eighth Amendment says the government can () use cruel and unusual punishments.\n\n0. sometimes\n1. never\n2. always" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The Eighth Amendment says the government can never use \"cruel and unusual punishments.\" There are no special cases when they are allowed. What makes a punishment \"cruel or unusual\"? The answer is not clear. The Eighth Amendment doesn't talk about specific punishments. Over time, Americans have changed their views on what is cruel and unusual. For example, the government decided in 2005 that it was cruel to put someone to death for a crime he or she committed before the age of 18. Today, Americans continue to question what is cruel and unusual. In the future, some punishments used today may be outlawed. The text of the Eighth Amendment is below. Does it have rules against anything else? Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nBefore Victoria had even met her future husband in person, she knew about his reputation as a Romeo.\n\n0. British history\n1. literature" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Romeo is literature.\nIn William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, Romeo is known for the eloquent declaration of love with which he woos Juliet.\nThe allusion Romeo means a man who is very romantic.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nperfume - popcorn\n\n0. pastime\n1. pine" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince pine is between the guide words perfume - popcorn, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\n\nQuestion:\nLast year, there were seven men's clothing stores on Main Street in Newport. This year, there are only three. What probably happened to the overall supply of men's shirts in Newport?\n\n0. The supply probably went down.\n1. The supply probably went up." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "When four men's clothing stores closed on Main Street, the number of suppliers went down. There were fewer stores selling men's shirts. So, the supply of men's shirts probably went down.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this bitter melon plant's phenotype for the seed color trait?\n\n0. DD\n1. dark brown seeds" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. The bitter melon plant's observable version of the seed color trait is dark brown seeds. So, the plant's phenotype for the seed color trait is dark brown seeds.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nAngie plays basketball.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People are not born knowing how to play basketball. Instead, some people learn how to play basketball. Playing the sport takes practice. So, playing basketball is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. last\n1. must\n2. fast" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words last and fast rhyme. They both end with the ast sound.\nThe word must does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved by research or observation.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was shorter than King Louis XVI.\nThe statement above is a fact. The statement can be proved by researching the height of each man and comparing them.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was a better leader than King Louis XVI.\nThe statement above is an opinion. People can have different ideas about what makes someone a \"better\" leader, so the statement cannot be proved.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. Wicked starred Kristin Chenoweth and Idina Menzel when it opened on Broadway on October 30, 2003.\n1. Based on a novel by Gregory Maguire, the musical Wicked is the most entertaining show you will find, on or off Broadway." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence states a fact.\nWicked starred Kristin Chenoweth and Idina Menzel when it opened on Broadway on October 30, 2003.\nIt can be proved by reading a review of Wicked from the day after it first opened.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nBased on a novel by Gregory Maguire, the musical Wicked is the most entertaining show you will find, on or off Broadway.\nThe most shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about whether one can find a more entertaining show.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nMaddie entered the bustling, aromatic spice market in Istanbul and said to her travel companion, \"We're not in Kansas anymore.\"\n\n0. a fable\n1. a movie" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion We're not in Kansas anymore is a movie.\nIn the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz, Dorothy, a young farm girl from Kansas, finds herself in Oz, an unusual place that looks nothing like her home. She says to her dog, \"Toto, I've a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore.\"\nThe allusion We're not in Kansas anymore means we're in an unfamiliar place.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Ted acquired this trait?\n\n0. Ted knits sweaters using cotton, wool, and other types of yarn.\n1. Ted learned how to knit in an after school program." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Ron went on to calculus after studying trigonometry, but he never fully comprehended it.\n1. Ron went on to calculus after studying trigonometry, but he never fully comprehended calculus." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to calculus or trigonometry.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with calculus.\nRon went on to calculus after studying trigonometry, but he never fully comprehended calculus.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this fruit fly's phenotype for the eye color trait?\n\n0. red eyes\n1. EE" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. The fruit fly's observable version of the eye color trait is red eyes. So, the fly's phenotype for the eye color trait is red eyes.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nunit - urgent\n\n0. us\n1. up" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince up is between the guide words unit - urgent, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nIn every cry of every Man,\nIn every Infant's cry of fear,\nIn every voice: in every ban,\nThe mind-forg'd manacles I hear.\n\u2014William Blake, \"London\"\n\n0. anaphora\n1. assonance" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses anaphora, the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nBlake repeats the words in every at the beginning of each phrase.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a book?\n\n0. Don't Bring That Up\n1. Don't bring that Up" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe correct title is Don't Bring That Up.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 8 long. You might be thinking, 8 what? Is the pencil 8 inches long? 8 feet? 8 miles?\nThe number 8 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are inches. So, the length of the pencil is 8 inches.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot. So, 1 inch is much shorter than 1 foot.\nThere are 3 feet in 1 yard. So, 1 foot is shorter than 1 yard.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a sofa?\n\n0. 7 feet\n1. 7 yards" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the length of a sofa is 7 feet.\n7 yards is too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Natalie inherited this trait?\n\n0. Some people use a hair dryer to straighten their hair. But Natalie and her brothers have naturally straight hair.\n1. Both of Natalie's biological parents have naturally black hair.\n2. When she was younger, Natalie wore ribbons in her naturally black hair." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Emmy acquired this trait?\n\n0. Emmy's scar was caused by an accident. She cut her leg when she was climbing a tree.\n1. Some scars fade more quickly than others." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\ncooking an egg\nsalt and vinegar removing tarnish from a penny\n\n0. Both are chemical changes.\n1. Both are only physical changes.\n2. Both are caused by heating.\n3. Both are caused by cooling." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nCooking an egg is a chemical change. The heat causes the matter in the egg to change. Cooked egg and raw egg are different types of matter.\nSalt and vinegar removing tarnish from a penny is a chemical change. The salt and vinegar change the tarnish into a different type of matter that can be easily wiped away. This makes the penny look shiny again.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nCooking is caused by heating. But salt and vinegar removing tarnish from a penny is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nwave - which\n\n0. wear\n1. women" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince wear is between the guide words wave - which, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An animal's skeletal system provides a strong frame for its body. The skeletal system has three main jobs. First, it supports the animal's body. Second, it protects the organs and other soft parts inside the animal's body. Third, it works with the muscular system to help the animal move.\nSome animals have an endoskeleton. The word endoskeleton means \"inside skeleton.\" An endoskeleton is inside an animal's body. Many vertebrates have an endoskeleton. A vertebrate's endoskeleton is made up of bones and fibers called tendons and ligaments. Tendons connect muscles to bones, and ligaments connect bones to other bones.\nSome animals have an exoskeleton. The word exoskeleton means \"outside skeleton.\" An exoskeleton is made up of tough structures covering the outside of an animal's body. Many invertebrates have an exoskeleton. Stiff fibers attach the animal's muscles to its exoskeleton.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of these might be part of an animal's skeletal system?\n\n0. hair\n1. an endoskeleton or exoskeleton\n2. the liver and kidneys" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nHeating water in a microwave is a ().\n\n0. physical change\n1. chemical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heating water in a microwave is a physical change. The temperature of the water goes up, but the water is still made of the same type of matter.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich helium balloon has more thermal energy?\n\n0. the hotter helium balloon\n1. the colder helium balloon" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two helium balloons are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the hotter helium balloon has more thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nEstelle will sweep the sidewalk in front of her store.\n\n0. present tense\n1. past tense\n2. future tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, sweep. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nWhen I was in Seattle for a week last January, it didn't rain even once. Seattle's reputation for being rainy is obviously false.\n\n0. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something\n1. false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\n2. hasty generalization: a broad claim based on too few observations" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that a week without rain is evidence that Seattle isn't a rainy city. However, the experience of one week doesn't necessarily reflect longer trends in a place's climate. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a hasty generalization.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Mrs. Newman told her assistant to book a flight to Oakdale immediately.\n1. Mrs. Newman informed her assistant that she had to book a flight to Seoul immediately." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Mrs. Newman or her assistant.\nMrs. Newman informed her assistant that she had to book a flight to Seoul immediately.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nMrs. Newman told her assistant to book a flight to Oakdale immediately.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nThe school board voted today to adopt a program to teach teens about the dangers of drugs and alcohol. They will not be satisfied until they control every aspect of students' lives.\n\n0. straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n1. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that drug and alcohol education comes from the school board's desire to control teens' lives. However, the fact that teens are educated about drugs and alcohol doesn't necessarily suggest that the school board wants to control every aspect of their lives. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a straw man.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this fly's phenotype for the eye color trait?\n\n0. red eyes\n1. brown eyes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You need to determine the fruit fly's phenotype for the eye color trait. First, consider the alleles in the fly's genotype for the eye color gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for brown eyes (e) is recessive to the allele for red eyes (E). This means E is a dominant allele, and e is a recessive allele.\nThe fruit fly's genotype of Ee has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, the fruit fly's phenotype for the eye color trait must be red eyes.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the most thermal energy?\n\n0. a 225-gram glass of apple juice at a temperature of 12\u00b0C\n1. a 225-gram glass of apple juice at a temperature of 20\u00b0C\n2. a 225-gram glass of apple juice at a temperature of 7\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All three glasses of apple juice have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 20\u00b0C glass of apple juice is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Britney acquired this trait?\n\n0. Britney likes to look at butterflies and beetles.\n1. Britney learned to identify insects by reading many books about insects." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this scarlet rosemallow plant's phenotype for the flower color trait?\n\n0. red flowers\n1. Ff" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. The scarlet rosemallow plant's observable version of the flower color trait is red flowers. So, the plant's phenotype for the flower color trait is red flowers.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Many thanks,\nZach\n1. Many Thanks,\nZach" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. If Mandy's skirt doesn't match the blouse, she will have to exchange the blouse for another item.\n1. If Mandy's skirt doesn't match the blouse, she will have to exchange it for another item." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to Mandy's skirt or the blouse.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the blouse.\nIf Mandy's skirt doesn't match the blouse, she will have to exchange the blouse for another item.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word pliers on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\npeaceful - power\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince pliers is between the guide words peaceful - power, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Gabby decides to make beef barley soup. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Gabby will spend more time making the beef barley soup than she would have spent making the vegetable soup.\n1. The beef barley soup will be tastier than the vegetable soup would have been." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Gabby wants or needs:\nGabby will spend more time making the beef barley soup than she would have spent making the vegetable soup.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have a hard outer cover on their body. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the vertebrate.\n\n0. porcupine\n1. castor bean tick" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A castor bean tick is an insect. Like other insects, a castor bean tick is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover.\nA porcupine is a mammal. Like other mammals, a porcupine is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Doug investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Does a pie crust made with white flour burn more quickly than a pie crust made with whole wheat flour?\n1. Does a pie crust made with white flour burn more quickly when the pie is cooked in a glass pan or in an aluminum pan?\n2. Do pie crusts made with white flour burn less quickly when covered with aluminum foil or when left uncovered?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a song?\n\n0. \"Don't Wait, Jump In\"\n1. Don't Wait, Jump In" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A song should be in quotation marks.\nThe correct title is \"Don't Wait, Jump In.\"\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nTori gave me flowers for no reason.\n\n0. exclamatory\n1. declarative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence tells about something, and it ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. The paper changes into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nIce melting is also a physical change. When ice melts, it changes from a solid to a liquid. But both ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water! This kind of change is called a change of state.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nRust forming on a metal gate is a ().\n\n0. physical change\n1. chemical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Rust forming on a metal gate is a chemical change. As the gate rusts, the metal turns into a different type of matter called rust. Rust is reddish-brown and falls apart easily.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\ncompost rotting\nburning a candle\n\n0. Both are caused by heating.\n1. Both are caused by cooling.\n2. Both are only physical changes.\n3. Both are chemical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nCompost forms from the remains of plants and animals, such as vegetable scraps and egg shells. Compost rotting is a chemical change. As the compost rots, it breaks down and turns into a different type of matter.\nBurning a candle is a chemical change. Both the wick and the melted wax burn. They react with oxygen in the air and turn into soot, carbon dioxide, and water.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBurning is caused by heating. But compost rotting is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a book?\n\n0. ***Everything but the Horse***\n1. \"Everything but the Horse\"" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A book should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **Everything but the Horse**.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word hesitate on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nhoe - hunger\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince hesitate is not between the guide words hoe - hunger, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Ken separated the almonds from the cashews because of his strong aversion to cashews.\n1. Ken separated the almonds from the cashews because of his strong aversion to them." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun them could refer to the almonds or the cashews.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. Them has been replaced with cashews.\nKen separated the almonds from the cashews because of his strong aversion to cashews.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of an ear of corn?\n\n0. 13 ounces\n1. 13 tons\n2. 13 pounds" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the mass of an ear of corn is 13 ounces.\n13 pounds and 13 tons are both too heavy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nBrett noticed that the wind was blowing in from the ocean this afternoon.\n\n0. climate\n1. weather" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nBrett noticed that the wind was blowing in from the ocean this afternoon.\nThis passage tells you about the wind direction where Brett was this afternoon. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true. Facts can be proved by observing, measuring, or studying information.\nThe flag of the United States has 13 stripes.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at the flag and counting the number of stripes.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nThe flag of the United States is easy to draw.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about what makes a flag \"easy\" to draw.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. People who vote in every election are the best citizens.\n1. In the United States, presidents are elected every four years." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence states a fact.\nIn the United States, presidents are elected every four years.\nIt can be proved by reading a book about the United States government.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nPeople who vote in every election are the best citizens.\nBest shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what makes one citizen better than another one.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Edwin inherited this trait?\n\n0. Edwin's parents were born with straight hair. They passed down this trait to Edwin.\n1. Edwin and his father both have short hair." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Like all living things, plants need food to survive. Plants can make their own food.\nHow do plants make food? Plants use a process called photosynthesis to make sugar. They use this sugar as food.\nFor photosynthesis, a plant needs water, carbon dioxide, and energy from light. Most plants use energy from sunlight. The plant uses its roots to take in water. It uses its leaves to take in carbon dioxide from the air.\nDuring photosynthesis, chlorophyll in the plant's leaves traps energy from sunlight. The plant uses this energy to turn water and carbon dioxide into sugar. It then releases oxygen into the air as a waste product. The plant gets the energy it needs to live from the sugar.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the name of the process plants use to make food?\n\n0. germination\n1. photosynthesis\n2. pollination" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich change best matches the sentence?\nA piece of rock from outer space hits Earth, leaving a crater.\n\n0. meteorite crash\n1. erosion\n2. deposition" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a bottle of cough syrup?\n\n0. 8 cups\n1. 8 fluid ounces\n2. 8 gallons" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the volume of a bottle of cough syrup is 8 fluid ounces.\n8 cups and 8 gallons are both too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\na slice of banana turning brown\ncells using oxygen to break down sugar\n\n0. Both are caused by heating.\n1. Both are only physical changes.\n2. Both are caused by cooling.\n3. Both are chemical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nA slice of banana turning brown is a chemical change. The part of the banana in contact with the air reacts with oxygen and turns into a different type of matter.\nCells using oxygen to break down sugar is a chemical change. When sugar is broken down, it forms carbon dioxide and water.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell.\nAll living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change.\nAll living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the living thing.\n\n0. tractor\n1. piranha\n2. brick wall\n3. bathtub" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A piranha is a living thing.\nPiranhas grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Piranhas are made up of many cells.\nA brick wall is not a living thing.\nBrick walls do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nA tractor is not a living thing.\nA tractor does not have all the traits of a living thing. Tractors need energy, but they do not eat food. Tractors get energy from diesel or other fuel. They do not grow.\nA bathtub is not a living thing.\nBathtubs do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Mrs. Ballard was overjoyed when she saw her granddaughter for the first time in two years.\n1. When Mrs. Ballard saw her granddaughter for the first time in two years, she was overjoyed." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Mrs. Ballard or her granddaughter.\nWhen Mrs. Ballard saw her granddaughter for the first time in two years, she was overjoyed.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nMrs. Ballard was overjoyed when she saw her granddaughter for the first time in two years.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this cucumber plant's phenotype for the fruit texture trait?\n\n0. ff\n1. smooth fruit" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. The cucumber plant's observable version of the fruit texture trait is smooth fruit. So, the plant's phenotype for the fruit texture trait is smooth fruit.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the verbal irony in this text suggest?\n\"Sleeping through the rooster's crowing was no problem,\" Jeffrey joked with a yawn.\n\n0. Jeffrey slept well.\n1. Jeffrey slept poorly." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nSleeping through the rooster's crowing was no problem ironically suggests that Jeffrey slept poorly. Jeffrey was tired, so the rooster's crowing was clearly a problem.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the most thermal energy?\n\n0. a marble at a temperature of 76\u00b0F\n1. a marble at a temperature of 70\u00b0F\n2. a marble at a temperature of 0\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All three marbles have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 76\u00b0F marble is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a news magazine?\n\n0. 8 pounds\n1. 8 tons\n2. 8 ounces" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the mass of a news magazine is 8 ounces.\n8 pounds and 8 tons are both too heavy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a long-distance running race?\n\n0. 21 centimeters\n1. 21 millimeters\n2. 21 meters\n3. 21 kilometers" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a long-distance running race is 21 kilometers.\n21 millimeters, 21 centimeters, and 21 meters are all too short.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the euphemism in this text suggest?\nMr. Garrison is enjoying his golden years in a luxurious beachside community just down the street from his grandchildren.\n\n0. Mr. Garrison is old.\n1. Mr. Garrison lives near his family." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe euphemism golden years indicates that Mr. Garrison is old. Golden years is a nicer way of referring to old age.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ncapital - city\n\n0. construct\n1. cement" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince cement is between the guide words capital - city, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the least thermal energy?\n\n0. a marble at a temperature of 4\u00b0C\n1. a marble at a temperature of 16\u00b0C\n2. a marble at a temperature of 20\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All three marbles have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 4\u00b0C marble is the coldest, it has the least thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ncareful - cocoa\n\n0. curve\n1. chord" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince chord is between the guide words careful - cocoa, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nDanny says that he would not be the person he is today were it not for his childhood, which he describes as Dickensian.\n\n0. a song\n1. literature" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Dickensian is literature.\nThe works of British author Charles Dickens often featured characters struggling to survive in settings such as debtors' prisons and orphanages.\nThe allusion Dickensian means harsh or poverty-stricken.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell.\nAll living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change.\nAll living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the living thing.\n\n0. maple tree\n1. van\n2. cave\n3. cell phone" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A van is not a living thing.\nA van does not have all the traits of a living thing. Vans need energy, but they do not eat food. They get energy from gasoline or electricity. Vans do not grow.\nA maple tree is a living thing.\nMaple trees grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Maple trees are made up of many cells.\nMaple trees are plants. They make their own food using water, carbon dioxide, and energy from sunlight.\nA cave is not a living thing.\nA cave may have animals or plants living inside. But a cave does not have all the traits of a living thing. A cave does not need food or water.\nA cell phone is not a living thing.\nA cell phone does not have all the traits of a living thing. It does many useful things, and even responds to the world around it. But it does not grow. It does not need food or water.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Emmy investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Does a cell phone charge faster when plugged into a wall outlet or into a computer?\n1. Does a cell phone charge more quickly when it is turned on or when it is turned off?\n2. Does a tablet charge faster with a two-foot-long charging cable or a five-foot-long charging cable?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nRyan can play the piccolo.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People are not born knowing how to play the piccolo. Instead, some people learn how to play. So, playing the piccolo is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word terribly in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Zach shivered terribly as he gazed at the snow-clad slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent.\n1. Zach shivered as he gazed at the terribly steep, snowy slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second text uses terribly in its traditional sense: in a terrible manner.\nZach shivered terribly as he gazed at the snow-clad slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent.\nThe first text uses terribly in its nontraditional sense: extremely; very.\nZach shivered as he gazed at the terribly steep, snowy slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word terribly because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is the scratchiest?\n\n0. bark\n1. nylon swim shorts\n2. metal flute" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Scratchy is a property. A scratchy material is rough and itchy against your skin.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the bark is the scratchiest. If you could touch this tree bark, it would feel rough and itchy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nPicking up a paper clip with a magnet is a ().\n\n0. chemical change\n1. physical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Picking up a paper clip with a magnet is a physical change. The paper clip sticks to the magnet, but it is still made of the same type of matter.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Keenan inherited this trait?\n\n0. Keenan and his father both have dark hair.\n1. Keenan's parents have pale skin. They passed down this trait to Keenan." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Darnell investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Which of the three types of tomato seeds sprouts the fastest?\n1. Does a certain kind of tomato plant grow taller when planted in a clay pot or in a plastic pot?\n2. Which type of soil will cause a certain kind of tomato plant to grow the most fruit?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Dasher's phenotype for the coat color trait?\n\n0. a reddish-brown coat\n1. a black coat" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Dasher's genotype for the coat color gene is LL. Dasher's genotype of LL has only L allelles. The L allele is for a black coat. So, Dasher's phenotype for the coat color trait must be a black coat.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Dasher's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a black coat (L) is dominant over the allele for a reddish-brown coat (l). This means L is a dominant allele, and l is a recessive allele.\nDasher's genotype of LL has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Dasher's phenotype for the coat color trait must be a black coat.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\npath - polar\n\n0. plum\n1. push" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince plum is between the guide words path - polar, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a complex sentence?\n\n0. Miguel will lend us money for the tickets if we promise to repay him by the end of the year.\n1. Henry Bacon's design of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., won him a gold medal from the American Institute of Architects." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction if.\nMiguel will lend us money for the tickets if we promise to repay him by the end of the year.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. If Danny winds up attending Adam's performance, he will let Susan know.\n1. Danny will let Susan know if he winds up attending Adam's performance." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun he could refer to Danny or Adam.\nIf Danny winds up attending Adam's performance, he will let Susan know.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nDanny will let Susan know if he winds up attending Adam's performance.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a full bag of groceries?\n\n0. 5 ounces\n1. 5 pounds\n2. 5 tons" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the mass of a full bag of groceries is 5 pounds.\n5 ounces is too light and 5 tons is too heavy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There is a surplus if there is too much for sale at a given price.\nThere is a shortage if there is not enough for sale at a given price.\nSurpluses and shortages usually happen when people who are selling goods or services charge too much or too little.\nWhen the price is too high, consumers will not want to buy much of the good or service. The quantity demanded will be less than the quantity supplied. So, there will be a surplus.\nWhen the price is too low, too many consumers will want to buy the good or service. The quantity demanded will be more than the quantity supplied. So, there will be a shortage.\n\nQuestion:\nIs there a surplus or a shortage of bunk beds?\n\n0. shortage\n1. surplus" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "At the current price, there are too many bunk beds for sale. There are 20 beds for sale, but only 15 people want to buy one.\nSo, there is a surplus of bunk beds. The furniture store will not get any money for the leftover bunk beds.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the most thermal energy?\n\n0. a 250-gram glass of apple juice at a temperature of 10\u00b0C\n1. a 250-gram glass of apple juice at a temperature of 5\u00b0C\n2. a 250-gram glass of apple juice at a temperature of 9\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All three glasses of apple juice have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 10\u00b0C glass of apple juice is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has less thermal energy?\n\n0. a 250-gram glass of grape juice at a temperature of 15\u00b0C\n1. a 250-gram glass of grape juice at a temperature of 10\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two glasses of grape juice have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 10\u00b0C glass of grape juice is colder than the 15\u00b0C glass of grape juice, it has less thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true. Facts can be proved by observing, measuring, or studying information.\nThe flag of the United States has 13 stripes.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at the flag and counting the number of stripes.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nThe flag of the United States is easy to draw.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about what makes a flag \"easy\" to draw.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. Seattle is prettier than New York City.\n1. More than eight million people live in New York City." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence states a fact.\nMore than eight million people live in New York City.\nIt can be proved by looking up how many people live in New York City.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nSeattle is prettier than New York City.\nPrettier shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what makes a city pretty.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Echo's phenotype for the myotonia congenita trait?\n\n0. not having myotonia congenita\n1. mm" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Echo's observable version of the myotonia congenita trait is not having myotonia congenita. So, Echo's phenotype for the myotonia congenita trait is not having myotonia congenita.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the elementary substance.\n\n0. sulfur dioxide (SO2)\n1. neon (Ne)\n2. fluoromethanol (CH3FO)" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the chemical formula for each substance, and count the number of symbols in the formula. Then, decide if the substance is an elementary substance. The chemical formula for sulfur dioxide contains two symbols: S for sulfur and O for oxygen. So, sulfur dioxide is made of two chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, sulfur dioxide is a compound, not an elementary substance. The chemical formula for fluoromethanol contains four symbols: C for carbon, H for hydrogen, F for fluorine, and O for oxygen. So, fluoromethanol is made of four chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, fluoromethanol is a compound, not an elementary substance. The chemical formula for neon contains one symbol: Ne. So, neon is made of one chemical element. Substances that are made of one chemical element are elementary substances. So, neon is an elementary substance.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nPatty has five fingers on each hand.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Most humans are born with five fingers on each hand. So, having five fingers is an inherited trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich holiday greeting is more formal?\n\n0. Happy 4th from the crew at Myra's.\n1. Best wishes for an enjoyable Independence Day from the entire staff at Myra's Cafe." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second holiday greeting is more formal. It uses more elevated language (Independence Day, the entire staff). The other holiday greeting uses casual language (happy 4 th, the crew) that is more familiar in tone.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nBefore Vicky had even met her future husband in person, she knew about his reputation as a Romeo.\n\n0. literature\n1. British history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Romeo is literature.\nIn William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, Romeo is known for the eloquent declaration of love with which he woos Juliet.\nThe allusion Romeo means a man who is very romantic.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Preston investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Is the pet lizard more active when it is fed insects or lettuce?\n1. Is the pet lizard more active when it is fed crickets or mealworms?\n2. Is the pet lizard more active when its tank is heated with one heating lamp or with two heating lamps?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the most thermal energy?\n\n0. a cookie at a temperature of 6\u00b0C\n1. a cookie at a temperature of 29\u00b0C\n2. a cookie at a temperature of 22\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All three cookies have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 29\u00b0C cookie is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nSince it takes approximately one thousand years for a used printer cartridge to decompose, recycling these plastic ink dispensers helps the environment.\n\n0. compound-complex\n1. compound\n2. complex\n3. simple" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is complex. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction since.\nSince it takes approximately one thousand years for a used printer cartridge to decompose, recycling these plastic ink dispensers helps the environment.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one substance that is not a mineral.\n\n0. Galena is a solid. It is not made by living things.\n1. Silk is not a pure substance. It is made by living things.\n2. Calcite is a solid. It is a pure substance." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nSilk is not a pure substance. But all minerals are pure substances.\nSilk is made by living things. But minerals are not made by living things.\nSo, silk is not a mineral.\nGalena is a mineral.\nCalcite is a mineral.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a newspaper?\n\n0. New York Law Journal\n1. New york Law journal" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe correct title is New York Law Journal.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. The paper changes into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nIce melting is also a physical change. When ice melts, it changes from a solid to a liquid. But both ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water! This kind of change is called a change of state.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nA jack-o'-lantern rotting in the sun is a ().\n\n0. chemical change\n1. physical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A jack-o'-lantern rotting in the sun is a chemical change. The matter in the jack-o'-lantern breaks down. It turns into a different type of matter that is soft and smells bad.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word nauseous in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Some people find caffeine nauseous, so they avoid coffee, soda, and energy drinks.\n1. The high caffeine content in coffee, soda, and energy drinks can make some people nauseous." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second text uses nauseous in its traditional sense: causing disgust or nausea.\nSome people find caffeine nauseous, so they avoid coffee, soda, and energy drinks.\nThe first text uses nauseous in its nontraditional sense: feeling disgusted or nauseated.\nThe high caffeine content in coffee, soda, and energy drinks can make some people nauseous.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word nauseous because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the invertebrate.\n\n0. American crocodile\n1. bumble bee\n2. hummingbird\n3. lion" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A hummingbird is a bird. Like other birds, a hummingbird is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA bumble bee is an insect. Like other insects, a bumble bee is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nAn American crocodile is a reptile. Like other reptiles, an American crocodile is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA lion is a mammal. Like other mammals, a lion is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nThe number of off-leash dogs I've seen in Booneville is completely unacceptable. Let's make our streets safe again by addressing this dog problem, before our city becomes a haven for criminals.\n\n0. false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\n1. red herring: the use of a completely unrelated topic or idea" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that off-leash dogs would somehow cause an increase in crime in Booneville. However, these two ideas aren't related. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a red herring.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nwater boiling on a stove\nbaking an apple pie\n\n0. Both are chemical changes.\n1. Both are caused by cooling.\n2. Both are caused by heating.\n3. Both are only physical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nWater boiling on the stove is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The liquid changes into a gas, but a different type of matter is not formed.\nBaking an apple pie is a chemical change. The type of matter in the pie changes when it is baked. The crust turns brown, and the apples become soft.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nWater boiling is a physical change. But baking a pie is not.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBaking a pie is a chemical change. But water boiling is not.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBoth changes are caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Reptiles have scaly, waterproof skin. Most reptiles live on land.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the reptile.\n\n0. Banggai cardinalfish\n1. seahorse\n2. horned frog\n3. Madagascar day gecko" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A seahorse is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nSeahorses live in shallow, warm water. They can use their tails to hold on to plants.\nA Banggai cardinalfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nCardinalfish often live near coral reefs. They are nocturnal, which means that they are active mostly at night.\nA Madagascar day gecko is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nMany geckos have special pads on their toes. The pads help them climb up plants and rocks.\nA horned frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nFrogs live near water or in damp places. Most frogs lay their eggs in water.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is the Red Sea?\n\n0. 2,245 centimeters\n1. 2,245 meters\n2. 2,245 millimeters\n3. 2,245 kilometers" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of the Red Sea is 2,245 kilometers.\n2,245 millimeters, 2,245 centimeters, and 2,245 meters are all too short.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Dear Mr. stephenson,\n1. Dear Mr. Stephenson," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Mr. Stephenson is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nI will point her out to you.\n\n0. past tense\n1. present tense\n2. future tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, point. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the temperature of the air on a cold, snowy day?\n\n0. 20\u00b0C\n1. 20\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the temperature of the air on a cold, snowy day is 20\u00b0F.\n20\u00b0C is too hot.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement.\nBoron trifluoride is ().\n\n0. a compound\n1. an elementary substance" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You can tell whether boron trifluoride is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of symbols in its chemical formula. A symbol contains either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for boron trifluoride is BF3. This formula contains two symbols: B for boron and F for fluorine. So, the formula tells you that boron trifluoride is made of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSubstances made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, boron trifluoride is a compound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nPhotosynthesis is a ().\n\n0. physical change\n1. chemical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Photosynthesis is a chemical change. Plants make sugar using carbon dioxide, water, and energy from sunlight.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nSally's Bistro used to be a great place to go for a delicious and carefully prepared dinner, but nobody goes there anymore: it's too crowded.\n\n0. paradox\n1. oxymoron" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a paradox, a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nNobody goes there anymore: it's too crowded at first appears to be contradictory, because if no one goes to the restaurant, then the restaurant should be empty, not crowded. However, it contains some truth: if a restaurant is frequently perceived to be too crowded, many people will no longer want to go there.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nThe Second Amendment protects \"the right of the people to keep and bear arms.\" What does \"bear arms\" mean in this case?\n\n0. own weapons\n1. wear shirts without sleeves\n2. hunt bears\n3. join the army" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The Second Amendment says that the American people have the right to own weapons. The text uses the phrase, \"bear arms.\" To bear something is to have or hold it. The authors of the amendment understood \"arms\" to include the type of weapons we now call guns. The complete text of the Second Amendment is below. According to the text, why is it important for Americans to have the right to own weapons? A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Reptiles have scaly, waterproof skin. Most reptiles live on land.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the reptile.\n\n0. Hermann's tortoise\n1. bottlenose dolphin\n2. zebra\n3. European green toad" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A European green toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nToads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole.\nA bottlenose dolphin is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nDolphins may look like sharks or other fish, but they are mammals! When a baby dolphin is born, it has hair around its jaw. This hair falls out as the dolphin grows.\nA Hermann's tortoise is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nA tortoise's shell protects it from predators. When a tortoise feels threatened, it can pull its head and legs inside its shell.\nA zebra is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nZebras eat mostly grass. But they sometimes eat other types of plants, such as shrubs or tree bark.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. feed\n1. keep\n2. seed" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words feed and seed rhyme. They both end with the eed sound.\nThe word keep does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Connotation is the feeling or idea that goes along with a word or phrase. Some words are close in meaning but have different connotations.\nFor example, think about the words eager and impatient. They both mean wanting something to happen, but they have different connotations.\nEager has a positive connotation. It is a nice word. An eager person is happy and excited.\nImpatient has a negative connotation. It is not a nice word. An impatient person is often pushy and demanding.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich phrase has a more negative connotation?\n\n0. a persistent employee\n1. a bullheaded employee" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A bullheaded employee has a more negative connotation. Bullheaded and persistent both denote not backing down. However, bullheaded describes a person who is overly stubborn, while persistent describes a person who is determined and tenacious.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a hammer?\n\n0. 18 meters\n1. 18 kilometers\n2. 18 millimeters\n3. 18 centimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a hammer is 18 centimeters.\n18 millimeters is too short. 18 meters and 18 kilometers are too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement and always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn imperative sentence makes a request or a demand and usually ends with a period. If a demand shows strong feeling, it can end with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn interrogative sentence asks a question and always ends with a question mark.\nGiven the recent critiques of her new strategic plan, do you think the CEO will reconsider the company's direction?\nAn exclamatory sentence is a statement that shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamation always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nHelen considers Paris the most romantic city in the world.\n\n0. exclamatory\n1. declarative\n2. interrogative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is a statement and ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has less thermal energy?\n\n0. a 250-gram mug of cocoa at a temperature of 90\u00b0F\n1. a 250-gram mug of cocoa at a temperature of 95\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two mugs of cocoa have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 90\u00b0F mug of cocoa is colder than the 95\u00b0F mug of cocoa, it has less thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. pine\n1. dine\n2. cane" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words pine and dine rhyme. They both end with the ine sound.\nThe word cane does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the least thermal energy?\n\n0. a bowl of oatmeal at a temperature of 87\u00b0F\n1. a bowl of oatmeal at a temperature of 103\u00b0F\n2. a bowl of oatmeal at a temperature of 101\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All three bowls of oatmeal have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 87\u00b0F bowl of oatmeal is the coldest, it has the least thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Susan inherited this trait?\n\n0. Susan's biological parents have red hair. Susan also has red hair.\n1. Susan's biological mother often wears her straight hair in a ponytail.\n2. Susan's neighbor also has straight hair." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this plant's phenotype for the fruit texture trait?\n\n0. fuzzy fruit\n1. smooth fruit" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The tomato plant's genotype for the fruit texture gene is ff. The tomato plant's genotype of ff has only f alleles. The f allele is for fuzzy fruit. So, the tomato plant's phenotype for the fruit texture trait must be fuzzy fruit.\nTo check this answer, consider whether the tomato plant's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for smooth fruit (F) is dominant over the allele for fuzzy fruit (f). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nThe tomato plant's genotype of ff has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, the tomato plant's phenotype for the fruit texture trait must be fuzzy fruit.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. David and Eric drove together, so this sweatshirt is probably David's.\n1. David and Eric drove together, so this sweatshirt is probably his." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun his could refer to David's or Eric's.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. His has been replaced with David's.\nDavid and Eric drove together, so this sweatshirt is probably David's.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Kraken's phenotype for the tail spots trait?\n\n0. a spotted tail\n1. an unspotted tail" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Kraken's genotype for the tail spots gene is II. Kraken's genotype of II has only I allelles. The I allele is for a spotted tail. So, Kraken's phenotype for the tail spots trait must be a spotted tail.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Kraken's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a spotted tail (I) is dominant over the allele for an unspotted tail (i). This means I is a dominant allele, and i is a recessive allele.\nKraken's genotype of II has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Kraken's phenotype for the tail spots trait must be a spotted tail.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a small candy bar?\n\n0. 30 kilograms\n1. 30 grams" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the mass of a small candy bar is 30 grams.\n30 kilograms is too heavy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nShelley has naturally pale skin.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Humans do not choose their skin color. Babies get their skin color from their parents. So, Shelley's skin color is an inherited trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Some animals have a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. An animal's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each animal's backbone is colored orange.\nOther animals do not have a backbone. In fact, these animals don't have any bones! Some animals without backbones have a hard outer cover. Other animals have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the animal that has a backbone.\n\n0. fly\n1. human" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A human is a mammal. Like other mammals, a human has a backbone.\nA fly is an insect. Like other insects, a fly does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. It explains how to install the new software and download add-ons.\n1. The website explains how to install the new software and download add-ons." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it is used without its antecedent.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the website.\nThe website explains how to install the new software and download add-ons.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nJenny was known among her coworkers for her spartan ways.\n\n0. Shakespeare\n1. Greek history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion spartan is Greek history.\nSoldiers from the city of Sparta in ancient Greece were known for their self-restraint, self-discipline, and indifference to luxury.\nThe allusion spartan means simple and austere.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes the sentence use a simile or a metaphor?\nFrom across the room, Uncle Logan's laughter was booming thunder.\n\n0. simile\n1. metaphor" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "From across the room, Uncle Logan's laughter was booming thunder.\nThe words laughter and thunder are compared without the word like or as. So, the sentence uses a metaphor.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. With Love,\nDevin\n1. With love,\nDevin" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ngalleon - glorious\n\n0. gently\n1. goose" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince gently is between the guide words galleon - glorious, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object.\n\nQuestion:\nAssume all other forces on Latrell are balanced. Which statement describes the forces on Latrell?\n\n0. The forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Latrell.\n1. The forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Latrell." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To determine if there is a net force on Latrell, look at the forces:\nEarth's gravity is pulling Latrell down with a force of 400 N.\nThe diving board is pushing Latrell up with a force of 400 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have the same magnitude: 400 N. This means that the forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Latrell.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nFrank's Falstaffian nature makes him stand out at a party.\n\n0. Shakespeare\n1. the Bible" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Falstaffian is Shakespeare.\nSir John Falstaff, a comical character in several of William Shakespeare's plays, is known for his cheerful sociability and sometimes off-color humor.\nThe allusion Falstaffian means characterized by joviality and enjoyment of food and drink.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nAs Brian sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.\n\n0. simple\n1. compound-complex\n2. complex\n3. compound" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is complex. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction as.\nAs Brian sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ndreadful - dye\n\n0. dodge\n1. dump" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince dump is between the guide words dreadful - dye, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nMia's sweater shrank just a bit. It fits her baby sister now.\n\n0. apostrophe\n1. understatement" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses understatement, which involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nShrank just a bit is an understatement, since the baby is presumably much smaller than Mia.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long does it take to fry an egg in a pan?\n\n0. 4 seconds\n1. 4 minutes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for how long it takes to fry an egg in a pan is 4 minutes.\n4 seconds is too fast.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a sentence fragment?\n\n0. Over the summer, my cousin Brooke visited many times.\n1. A beautiful desert in the middle of the country." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A beautiful desert in the middle of the country is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A force is a push or a pull.\nA force can make an object start moving or stop an object that is moving. A force can also make an object speed up, slow down, or change direction.\nForces can be different sizes.\nThink about trying to move a heavy object and a light object. Imagine you want to move them at the same speed. You will need to use a larger force to move the heavy object.\n\nQuestion:\nThe movers lift the boxes at the same speed. Which box is lifted with a larger force?\n\n0. a box holding 42 pounds\n1. a box holding 39 pounds" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look for the box that is heavier.\nA box holding 42 pounds is heavier than a box holding 39 pounds. So, the box holding 42 pounds needs a larger force to start moving upward at the same speed as the other box.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nGreta was known among her coworkers for her spartan ways.\n\n0. Shakespeare\n1. Greek history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion spartan is Greek history.\nSoldiers from the city of Sparta in ancient Greece were known for their self-restraint, self-discipline, and indifference to luxury.\nThe allusion spartan means simple and austere.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Beth acquired this trait?\n\n0. Beth's mother speaks one language.\n1. Beth learned to speak two languages in school." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the solid.\n\n0. air inside a beach ball\n1. chocolate syrup\n2. apple juice\n3. thread" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Apple juice is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour apple juice into a different container, the apple juice will take the shape of that container. But the apple juice will still take up the same amount of space.\nThe air inside a beach ball is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. The air fills all the space inside the beach ball. If air leaks out, it will expand into the space around the ball.\nChocolate syrup is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour chocolate syrup into a container, the chocolate syrup will take the shape of that container. But the chocolate syrup will still take up the same amount of space.\nThread is a solid that can be bent or tangled. But it still has a size and shape of its own.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a full box of cereal?\n\n0. 20 ounces\n1. 20 pounds\n2. 20 tons" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the mass of a full box of cereal is 20 ounces.\n20 pounds and 20 tons are both too heavy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nIn the 1760s, smuggling was an important part of the colonial economy. What does smuggling mean?\n\n0. stealing goods from foreign merchants\n1. shipping goods secretly or illegally\n2. producing metal from minerals and rocks\n3. trading one good for another without the use of money" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Smuggling means shipping goods into or out of a place secretly or illegally.\nWhy did the colonists smuggle?\nSmuggling was a way for the colonists to trade with anyone they wanted. British laws often said the colonies could only trade with Great Britain or British colonies. Smugglers ignored these laws and traded with other countries anyway.\nSmuggling was also a way for colonial merchants to avoid paying taxes. If the British tax collectors did not know a product was coming into the colonies, they had no way to tax it.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Sophia took the memory card out of the digital camera and put the card in her desk drawer.\n1. Sophia took the memory card out of the digital camera and put it in her desk drawer." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to the memory card or the digital camera.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the card.\nSophia took the memory card out of the digital camera and put the card in her desk drawer.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nMr. Nolan has a reputation as a Scrooge, so our club has stopped asking him for donations.\n\n0. the Bible\n1. literature" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Scrooge is literature.\nThe novella A Christmas Carol, by Charles Dickens, tells the story of the penny-pinching and bitter Ebenezer Scrooge, who values money more than people.\nThe allusion Scrooge means a person who isn't generous.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. drink\n1. thank\n2. yank" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words thank and yank rhyme. They both end with the ank sound.\nThe word drink does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. See you soon,\nDustin\n1. See You Soon,\nDustin" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Salem's phenotype for the agouti fur trait?\n\n0. not having agouti fur\n1. having agouti fur" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Salem's genotype for the agouti fur gene is aa. Salem's genotype of aa has only a alleles. The a allele is for not having agouti fur. So, Salem's phenotype for the agouti fur trait must be not having agouti fur.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Salem's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for not having agouti fur (a) is recessive to the allele for having agouti fur (A). This means A is a dominant allele, and a is a recessive allele.\nSalem's genotype of aa has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Salem's phenotype for the agouti fur trait must be not having agouti fur.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a complete sentence?\n\n0. The large mammals of the grasslands of Africa.\n1. Grandma Bella and Grandpa Fred kiss the children before bed." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Grandma Bella and Grandpa Fred kiss the children before bed is a complete sentence. The subject is Grandma Bella and Grandpa Fred, and the verb is kiss.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word softly on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nseventh - sting\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince softly is between the guide words seventh - sting, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the verbal irony in this text suggest?\nAccording to Mr. Austin's kids, his snoring is as quiet as a jackhammer.\n\n0. The snoring occurs in bursts.\n1. The snoring is loud." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAs quiet as a jackhammer suggests that the snoring is loud. A jackhammer is not quiet, and neither is Mr. Austin's snoring.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Statements of fact make claims that are based on research, observation, or experimentation. Facts can be proved with evidence.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was shorter than King Louis XVI.\nThis statement is a fact. The statement can be verified by researching and comparing the height of each man.\nStatements of opinion make claims that are based on personal judgments or perspectives. Opinions can be supported by evidence, but they cannot be definitively proved.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was a better leader than King Louis XVI.\nThis statement is an opinion. People can have different ideas about what makes someone a \"better\" leader, so the statement cannot be proved.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. The Phantom of the Opera became the longest running show in Broadway history on January 9, 2006.\n1. The Phantom of the Opera has the perfect mix of singing, acting, and dancing." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence states a fact. It can be verified by looking up when The Phantom of the Opera became the longest running show on Broadway.\nThe Phantom of the Opera became the longest running show in Broadway history on January 9, 2006.\nThe first sentence states an opinion. The perfect mix indicates a personal judgment.\nThe Phantom of the Opera has the perfect mix of singing, acting, and dancing.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a water balloon?\n\n0. 515 milliliters\n1. 515 liters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of a water balloon is 515 milliliters.\n515 liters is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this plant's phenotype for the fruit color trait?\n\n0. green fruit\n1. yellow fruit" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The ornamental gourd plant's genotype for the fruit color gene is ff. The ornamental gourd plant's genotype of ff has only f alleles. The f allele is for green fruit. So, the ornamental gourd plant's phenotype for the fruit color trait must be green fruit.\nTo check this answer, consider whether the ornamental gourd plant's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for yellow fruit (F) is dominant over the allele for green fruit (f). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nThe ornamental gourd plant's genotype of ff has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, the ornamental gourd plant's phenotype for the fruit color trait must be green fruit.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the verbal irony in this text suggest?\nAccording to Mr. Lam's kids, his snoring is as quiet as a jackhammer.\n\n0. The snoring is subtle.\n1. The snoring is loud." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAs quiet as a jackhammer suggests that the snoring is loud. A jackhammer is not quiet, and neither is Mr. Lam's snoring.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the temperature of the air inside of a freezer?\n\n0. 16\u00b0C\n1. 16\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the temperature of the air inside of a freezer is 16\u00b0F.\n16\u00b0C is too hot.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a book?\n\n0. \"Nothing but the Truth\"\n1. ***Nothing but the Truth***" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A book should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **Nothing but the Truth**.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Gary's arm was injured when he tackled Dave during the football game.\n1. When Gary tackled Dave during the football game, his arm was injured." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun his could refer to Gary's or Dave's.\nWhen Gary tackled Dave during the football game, his arm was injured.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nGary's arm was injured when he tackled Dave during the football game.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a bathroom sink?\n\n0. 3 fluid ounces\n1. 3 gallons\n2. 3 cups" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the volume of a bathroom sink is 3 gallons.\n3 fluid ounces and 3 cups are both too little.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nIt has not rained in over a week at Marie's house.\n\n0. climate\n1. weather" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nIt has not rained in over a week at Marie's house.\nThis passage tells you about the precipitation last week at Marie's house. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word precious on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\npaper - push\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince precious is between the guide words paper - push, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Gavin decides to get the vanilla fudge ripple ice cream. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Gavin will give up the chance to get a free waffle cone. He would have enjoyed the waffle cone.\n1. Gavin will get to eat the vanilla fudge ripple ice cream. He likes this flavor more than sweet cream." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Gavin wants or needs:\nGavin will give up the chance to get a free waffle cone. He would have enjoyed the waffle cone.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, or article should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a magazine?\n\n0. ***The Open Road for Boys***\n1. \"The Open Road for Boys\"" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A magazine should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **The Open Road for Boys**.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Todd investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do cloth towels dry faster if they are hung in the laundry room or in the backyard?\n1. Does a small cloth towel or a large cloth towel dry faster when hung in the backyard?\n2. When hung in the laundry room, do black cloth towels or white cloth towels dry more quickly?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes the sentence use a simile or a metaphor?\nMy dog, Scooter, is the security guard for our front yard mailbox.\n\n0. metaphor\n1. simile" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "My dog, Scooter, is the security guard for our front yard mailbox.\nThe words Scooter and security guard are compared without the word like or as. So, the sentence uses a metaphor.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Isaac inherited this trait?\n\n0. Isaac's biological mother often wears her naturally brown hair in a bun.\n1. Isaac and his siblings all have naturally straight hair.\n2. Isaac and his biological father have short hair." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ntea - touch\n\n0. talk\n1. thrifty" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince thrifty is between the guide words tea - touch, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one animal that has all of the roundworm traits listed above.\n\n0. Birdwing butterflies have an exoskeleton and six legs. Males are bright green and black, and females are brown or yellow. Both males and females have one pair of antennae.\n1. Trichina worms have soft, thin bodies. They have a cylindrical shape and do not have limbs. Trichina worms are not made up of segments. They can infect and feed off of humans, pigs, and other mammals." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nRoundworms have the following traits:\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA trichina worm has the following traits:\nA trichina worm has the traits of a roundworm. A trichina worm is a roundworm.\nA birdwing butterfly has the following traits:\nIt has six legs.\nIt has an exoskeleton.\nIt has one pair of antennae.\nA birdwing butterfly does not have all of the traits of a roundworm. A birdwing butterfly is an insect.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Jessica acquired this trait?\n\n0. Jessica learned how to knit in an after school program.\n1. Jessica knits sweaters using cotton, wool, and other types of yarn." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nDave's definitely voting for the Conservative Party in the next election because he said there was no way he was voting for the Labour Party.\n\n0. false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\n1. slippery slope fallacy: the false assumption that a small first step will lead to extreme consequences\n2. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Dave is voting either for the candidate from the Conservative Party or the Labour Party. However, Dave might be voting for a third party\u2014or he might not be voting at all. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nIt's an open secret that Emilio is writing a book based on his experiences living in Singapore. He never talks about it, but almost all his friends know.\n\n0. oxymoron\n1. apostrophe" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nOpen secret is a contradiction, because open describes something that is freely or publicly known, and a secret is hidden.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "According to Newton's third law, for every force, there is an equal and opposite force. This means that if one object is applying a force on a second object, the second object must also be applying a force on the first object, but in the opposite direction.\nFor example, if your hand is pushing down on a table, the table is also pushing up on your hand. Or, if you are pulling forward on a rope, the rope is also pulling back on you.\n\nQuestion:\nAccording to Newton's third law, what other force must be happening?\n\n0. Earth is pulling on the Sun.\n1. Earth is pushing on the Sun." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The Sun is pulling on Earth. So, Newton's third law tells you that Earth is pulling on the Sun.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\n0. dear Dr. McKee,\n1. Dear Dr. McKee," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Dr. McKee is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms that carry out photosynthesis are called photosynthetic organisms. During photosynthesis, these organisms use light energy to turn water and carbon dioxide into sugars and oxygen.\nPhotosynthetic organisms also often have the following characteristics:\nThey are producers, which are organisms that make their own food inside their cells. Producers don't usually eat other organisms.\nTheir cells contain chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are cell parts where photosynthesis occurs.\nTheir chloroplasts often contain chlorophyll, which is green. Chlorophyll captures energy from sunlight to power photosynthesis.\nThey use the sugars they make during photosynthesis as food. This food provides the organisms with the energy they need to live.\n\nQuestion:\nUse the evidence in the text to select the photosynthetic organism.\n\n0. Polar bears are the largest meat-eating land animals in the world. Polar bears live in the Arctic and hunt seals for food.\n1. Bearberries are plants found in the Arctic. Bearberry plants use energy from sunlight to make food." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This organism is photosynthetic:\nThe text tells you that bearberry plants use energy from sunlight to make food. This is evidence that the bearberry plant is a photosynthetic organism.\nThis organism is not photosynthetic:\nThe text does not provide evidence that the polar bear is photosynthetic.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a simple sentence?\n\n0. The nurse measured my weight and height, and then he took my pulse.\n1. The barber and his brother opened their shop in Harlem more than thirty years ago." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is the simple sentence. It is a single independent clause.\nThe barber and his brother opened their shop in Harlem more than thirty years ago.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word birch on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nbanjo - block\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince birch is between the guide words banjo - block, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Plant cells are made up of many different parts. Each cell part has a function that helps the cell survive and grow.\nSome cell parts are called organelles. Organelles are cell structures that are surrounded by their own membranes. Here are some of the organelles in plant cells:\nChloroplasts and mitochondria work together to help the cell get the energy it needs. The chloroplasts use photosynthesis to make sugar. The mitochondria break down this sugar and release energy that the cell can use for all of its activities.\nThe nucleus directs cell activities by sending instructions to different parts of the cell. The nucleus contains structures called chromosomes. The chromosomes are made mostly of hereditary material called DNA. DNA contains information that the cell uses for growth and activities. These instructions tell ribosomes how to build molecules called proteins, which make up cell structures and help chemical reactions happen in the cell.\nThe endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle that helps ribosomes build proteins. The nucleus sends instructions for making proteins to ribosomes. Ribosomes can attach to the endoplamic reticulum. The endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes use these instructions to make proteins that the cell needs to survive and grow.\nAfter proteins are made in the endoplasmic reticulum, they can be transferred to the Golgi. The Golgi is an organelle made up of flat, stacked membranes. The Golgi sorts and packages proteins and other substances. Then, the Golgi sends these substances to different parts of the cell. Some of these substances are sent to the cell membrane and released from the cell.\nIn plant cells, the vacuole stores waste, water, and nutrients such as sugar. Most plant cells have one vacuole.\nOther cell parts are not surrounded by their own membranes. These cell parts are not organelles.\nThe cell wall is the cell's tough outer covering. It gives the cell strength and stiffness and helps the cell keep its shape.\nOn the inside of the cell wall is a thin layer called the cell membrane. This layer is a membrane, but it does not have a membrane surrounding it, so it is not an organelle. The cell membrane controls which substances enter and leave the cell.\nThe cytoplasm is a thick liquid that fills the space inside the cell. The cytoplasm also helps the cell keep its shape and supports the other cell parts.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the part whose main job is to store nutrients, water, and waste in a plant cell.\n\n0. Golgi\n1. chromosomes\n2. nucleus\n3. vacuole" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The vacuole stores water, waste, and nutrients such as sugar. Plant cells usually have one vacuole.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word yelp on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nyarn - yonder\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince yelp is between the guide words yarn - yonder, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nDad will roast a chicken for dinner.\n\n0. present tense\n1. future tense\n2. past tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, roast. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the vertebrate.\n\n0. macaw\n1. black widow spider\n2. rock lobster\n3. saturn butterfly" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A macaw is a bird. Like other birds, a macaw is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA saturn butterfly is an insect. Like other insects, a saturn butterfly is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA rock lobster is a crustacean. Like other crustaceans, a rock lobster is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nLike other spiders, a black widow spider is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Jayden inherited this trait?\n\n0. Jayden uses a headband to keep his wavy hair out of his face.\n1. Jayden's biological mother has long hair. Jayden also has long hair.\n2. Jayden's biological parents have wavy hair." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long does it take to peel a banana?\n\n0. 13 seconds\n1. 13 hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for how long it takes to peel a banana is 13 seconds.\n13 hours is too slow.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Vicky inherited this trait?\n\n0. Vicky's father has brown eyes. He passed this trait down to Vicky.\n1. Vicky's hair is the same color as her brown eyes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Sharon acquired this trait?\n\n0. Sharon knits sweaters using cotton, wool, and other types of yarn.\n1. Sharon learned how to knit in an after school program." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Gabby acquired this trait?\n\n0. Gabby can cook food over a fire.\n1. Gabby learned how to build a fire at summer camp." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Kiara acquired this trait?\n\n0. Kiara's scar was caused by an accident. She cut her arm when she fell off her bicycle.\n1. Kiara's sister has a bruise from falling on her elbow.\n2. Kiara's scar is on her right elbow. Her father also has a scar on his right elbow." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true.\nThe month of July has more days than the month of June.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at a calendar and counting the number of days in each month.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nJuly is a better month than June for camping.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about which month is \"better\" for camping.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. A potato is a kind of stem, not a root.\n1. Baked potatoes with butter are delicious." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence states a fact.\nA potato is a kind of stem, not a root.\nIt can be proved by looking up information about potatoes.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nBaked potatoes with butter are delicious.\nDelicious shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about how baked potatoes taste.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nWhen Carson arrived at Heathrow Airport, a British man helped him retrieve his luggage from baggage claim. British people are all so nice!\n\n0. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something\n1. hasty generalization: a broad claim based on too few observations\n2. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that a single polite British person indicates that all British people are nice. However, this isn't necessarily true. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a hasty generalization.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ndecision - during\n\n0. dawn\n1. drill" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince drill is between the guide words decision - during, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nHenry has a scar on his left knee.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\npaper - porch\n\n0. peril\n1. praise" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince peril is between the guide words paper - porch, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the liquid.\n\n0. umbrella\n1. baseball cap\n2. caramel sauce\n3. stone statue" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Caramel sauce is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour caramel sauce into a container, the caramel sauce will take the shape of that container. But the caramel sauce will still take up the same amount of space.\nA stone statue is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. Stone statues are made of one or more pieces of rock. Each piece of rock has a size and shape of its own.\nAn umbrella is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. When you open an umbrella, it still has a size and shape of its own.\nA baseball cap is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. If you put a baseball cap on your head, the baseball cap will still have a size and shape of its own.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nKirk will dust off the shelf with a rag.\n\n0. present tense\n1. past tense\n2. future tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, dust. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nYour elderly grandmother wants a dog for companionship, yet you don't want to get her one. Why do you want your grandmother to be sad and lonely?\n\n0. straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n1. red herring: the use of a completely unrelated topic or idea" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that you don't want your grandmother to have a dog, because you want her to be lonely. However, the fact that you don't want her to have a dog doesn't necessarily suggest that you want her to be lonely. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a straw man.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word toil on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ntax - trot\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince toil is between the guide words tax - trot, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nI can't believe you'd hire Jake Perry to watch your dog! Did you know that his friend adopted a dog but then took it back to the shelter after just one week?\n\n0. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something\n1. hasty generalization: a very broad claim based on very little evidence" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Jake must be an irresponsible dog owner, because his friend was an irresponsible dog owner. However, even though Jake's friend was irresponsible, that doesn't necessarily mean that Jake is also irresponsible. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nIn the Republican primary, the senator labeled his opponent a snake oil salesman.\n\n0. a poem\n1. U.S. history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion snake oil salesman is U.S. history.\nThousands of Chinese laborers immigrated to the United States in the 1800 s. Many of them brought traditional medicines, including snake oil made from the Chinese water snake. In time, some people made fake versions of the remedy, and when the fakes were eventually exposed as ineffective, the salesmen gained a poor reputation.\nThe allusion snake oil salesman means a person making false promises.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Irma investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do squash plants grow larger if the seeds are planted in small pots or in large pots?\n1. If squash seeds and tomato seeds are planted with compost, which type of plant grows larger?\n2. Do squash plants grow larger if the seeds are planted with compost or without compost?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Kenny inherited this trait?\n\n0. Kenny's parents were born with straight hair. They passed down this trait to Kenny.\n1. Kenny and his father both have short hair." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the solid.\n\n0. pair of scissors\n1. water in a glass\n2. grape juice\n3. air from a hair dryer" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The air from a hair dryer is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. A hair dryer uses a fan to blow warm air out. When the air leaves the hair dryer, the air expands to fill a much large space.\nA pair of scissors is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. When you use a pair of scissors to cut paper, the pair of scissors still has a size and shape of its own.\nThe water in a glass is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour water from a glass into a different container, the water will take the shape of that container. But the water will still take up the same amount of space.\nGrape juice is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour grape juice into a different container, the grape juice will take the shape of that container. But the grape juice will still take up the same amount of space.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Samuel decides to take a trip to California. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Samuel will give up the chance to go to South Carolina. He would have enjoyed a trip to South Carolina more than California.\n1. Samuel will save some money. Plane tickets for Samuel to get to California are less expensive than tickets to South Carolina." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Samuel wants or needs:\nSamuel will give up the chance to go to South Carolina. He would have enjoyed a trip to South Carolina more than California.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Sharon investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Does a cell phone charge faster when plugged into a wall outlet or into a computer?\n1. Does a cell phone charge more quickly when it is turned on or when it is turned off?\n2. Does a tablet charge faster with a two-foot-long charging cable or a five-foot-long charging cable?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Evan acquired this trait?\n\n0. Evan is most interested in American history.\n1. Evan learned history by reading." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Stacy decides to see the meerkats. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Stacy will enjoy seeing the meerkats more than she would have enjoyed seeing the monkeys.\n1. Stacy will spend more time walking to the meerkats. They are on the other side of the zoo, but the monkeys are close by." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Stacy wants or needs:\nStacy will spend more time walking to the meerkats. They are on the other side of the zoo, but the monkeys are close by.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Nathan inherited this trait?\n\n0. Nathan's biological parents have wavy hair.\n1. Nathan's biological mother has long hair. Nathan also has long hair.\n2. Nathan uses a headband to keep his wavy hair out of his face." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nMrs. Hatfield manages the busy office.\n\n0. past tense\n1. present tense\n2. future tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, manages. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement. Assume that the sled's mass did not change.\nThe gravitational potential energy stored between the sled and Earth () as Candice rode down the hill.\n\n0. stayed the same\n1. decreased\n2. increased" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Think about how the distance between the sled and the center of Earth changed.\nThe bottom of the hill was lower than the point where Candice started sledding. As Candice rode toward the bottom of the hill, the distance between the sled and the center of Earth decreased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the sled and Earth decreased as Candice rode down the hill.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is an apple seed?\n\n0. 5 kilometers\n1. 5 centimeters\n2. 5 millimeters\n3. 5 meters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of an apple seed is 5 millimeters.\n5 centimeters, 5 meters, and 5 kilometers are all too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word casket on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nclatter - comic\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince casket is not between the guide words clatter - comic, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich press release is more formal?\n\n0. On November 19, the Springtown Amphitheater will host area musicians vying for top honors in the fourth annual Jam-a-thon.\n1. On Nov. 19, musicians from all over town will battle it out in the fourth annual Jam-a-thon, happening at the amphitheater." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first press release is more formal. It uses more elevated language (area musicians, top honors). The other press release uses idioms (battle it out) and abbreviations (Nov.).\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nMs. Stafford has suggested that our schools let students take statistics instead of algebra to graduate. Frankly, it is puzzling to me that she thinks algebra is a useless subject.\n\n0. straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n1. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good\n2. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Ms. Stafford thinks algebra is useless because she would let students take statistics instead. However, Ms. Stafford only claimed that students should be allowed to take statistics instead of algebra. She did not suggest that algebra is a useless subject. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a straw man.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich letter opening is more formal?\n\n0. Dear Mr. Strickland,\n1. Dear Eddie," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first letter opening is more formal. It uses the recipient's personal title and last name. The other opening uses the recipient's first name, suggesting a more familiar relationship.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. There are some things that Ms. Kramer wants to bring up at the next city council meeting.\n1. Ms. Kramer has several important proposals to discuss at the next city council meeting." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses overly simple or imprecise language (some things, bring up).\nThe second sentence uses more precise language, so it is more formal overall.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a book?\n\n0. the story of Man\n1. The Story of Man" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word of is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is The Story of Man.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a simple sentence?\n\n0. The Costa Rican hairy caterpillar wards off predators with its poisonous spines.\n1. If you thought that dish was spicy, this dish will set your mouth on fire." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is the simple sentence. It is a single independent clause.\nThe Costa Rican hairy caterpillar wards off predators with its poisonous spines.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes the sentence use a simile or a metaphor?\nMy dog, Rusty, is the security guard for our front yard mailbox.\n\n0. simile\n1. metaphor" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "My dog, Rusty, is the security guard for our front yard mailbox.\nThe words Rusty and security guard are compared without the word like or as. So, the sentence uses a metaphor.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. When paper gets hot enough, it reacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, ice melting is a physical change. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nGetting a haircut is a ().\n\n0. chemical change\n1. physical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Getting a haircut is a physical change. Your hair is shorter after a haircut. But it is still made of the same type of matter.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving faster will go a farther distance in that time. It is moving at a higher speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of two gray whales. Which gray whale was moving at a higher speed?\n\n0. a gray whale that moved 50miles in 10hours\n1. a gray whale that moved 20miles in 10hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each gray whale moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne gray whale moved 50 miles in 10 hours.\nThe other gray whale moved 20 miles in 10 hours.\nNotice that each gray whale spent the same amount of time moving. The gray whale that moved 50 miles moved a farther distance in that time. So, that gray whale must have moved at a higher speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Ava investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do rocks skip more times when thrown across a river or across a pond?\n1. Do small rocks or large rocks skip more times when thrown across the river?\n2. Do round rocks or flat rocks skip more times when thrown across the river?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one substance that is not a mineral.\n\n0. Native gold is a pure substance. It is formed in nature.\n1. A sunflower seed is not a pure substance. It is made by a living thing.\n2. Muscovite is a pure substance. It is not made by living things." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nNative gold is a mineral.\nMuscovite is a mineral.\nA sunflower seed is not a pure substance. But all minerals are pure substances.\nA sunflower seed is made by a living thing. But minerals are not made by living things.\nSo, a sunflower seed is not a mineral.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Jake inherited this trait?\n\n0. Jake's biological parents have freckles on their noses just as Jake does.\n1. Jake and his biological mother have pale skin.\n2. Jake has freckles on his nose and shoulders." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. After Eddie talked with Tom about the research project, he felt better about collaborating on it.\n1. Tom felt better about collaborating on the research project after Eddie talked with him about it." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun he could refer to Eddie or Tom.\nAfter Eddie talked with Tom about the research project, he felt better about collaborating on it.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nTom felt better about collaborating on the research project after Eddie talked with him about it.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Josiah decides to see the crocodiles. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Josiah will save some time. The crocodiles are close by, but he would have had to walk to the the other side of the zoo to see the emus.\n1. Josiah will give up the chance to see the emus. He would have enjoyed seeing them more than the crocodiles." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Josiah wants or needs:\nJosiah will give up the chance to see the emus. He would have enjoyed seeing them more than the crocodiles.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long does it take to mow the lawn?\n\n0. 32 hours\n1. 32 minutes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for how long it takes to mow the lawn is 32 minutes.\n32 hours is too slow.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the idiom in this text suggest?\nIn such an unfamiliar environment, Ronald was a fish out of water.\n\n0. Ronald had not visited that location before.\n1. Ronald felt out of place." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom a fish out of water suggests that Ronald felt out of place. A fish out of water is someone out of his or her usual, comfortable environment.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nTanner said he would put in a good word for Ellie with their boss, but she knew he had a reputation as a Benedict Arnold.\n\n0. a poem\n1. U.S. history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Benedict Arnold is U.S. history.\nBenedict Arnold was an American officer who secretly aided the British during the American Revolution.\nThe allusion Benedict Arnold means a traitor.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the least thermal energy?\n\n0. a 650-gram rock at a temperature of 37\u00b0C\n1. a 650-gram rock at a temperature of 22\u00b0C\n2. a 650-gram rock at a temperature of 33\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All three rocks have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 22\u00b0C rock is the coldest, it has the least thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long does it take to make a sandwich?\n\n0. 4 minutes\n1. 4 hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for how long it takes to make a sandwich is 4 minutes.\n4 hours is too slow.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the most thermal energy?\n\n0. an 8-kilogram gold bar at a temperature of 131\u00b0C\n1. an 8-kilogram gold bar at a temperature of 136\u00b0C\n2. an 8-kilogram gold bar at a temperature of 135\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All three gold bars have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 136\u00b0C gold bar is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nMabel noticed that the wind was blowing in from the ocean this afternoon.\n\n0. weather\n1. climate" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nMabel noticed that the wind was blowing in from the ocean this afternoon.\nThis passage tells you about the wind direction where Mabel was this afternoon. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Andrew decides to eat the sunflower seeds. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Andrew will get to eat the sunflower seeds. The sunflower seeds will be healthier than the peach cobbler would have been.\n1. Andrew will give up the chance to eat the peach cobbler. Andrew thinks peach cobbler would have tasted better than sunflower seeds will." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Andrew wants or needs:\nAndrew will give up the chance to eat the peach cobbler. Andrew thinks peach cobbler would have tasted better than sunflower seeds will.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving slower will go a shorter distance in that time. It is moving at a lower speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of two blue jays. Which blue jay was moving at a lower speed?\n\n0. a blue jay that moved 180kilometers in 5hours\n1. a blue jay that moved 190kilometers in 5hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each blue jay moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne blue jay moved 180 kilometers in 5 hours.\nThe other blue jay moved 190 kilometers in 5 hours.\nNotice that each blue jay spent the same amount of time moving. The blue jay that moved 180 kilometers moved a shorter distance in that time. So, that blue jay must have moved at a lower speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word dawn on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ndeliver - district\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince dawn is not between the guide words deliver - district, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word needle on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nnation - nobody\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince needle is between the guide words nation - nobody, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the verbal irony in this text suggest?\n\"It was my good luck to have to study for a test while all my friends went to the water park,\" Cooper remarked.\n\n0. Cooper was upset about staying home.\n1. Cooper wanted time to catch up on his responsibilities." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nGood luck ironically suggests that Cooper was upset about staying home. Cooper was actually unlucky because he couldn't join his friends at the water park.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nLeo Tolstoy's War and Peace is a behemoth of a book.\n\n0. Greek mythology\n1. the Bible" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion behemoth is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, a behemoth is a beast of considerable size and strength.\nThe allusion behemoth means something gigantic.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word disease on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ndesert - dodge\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince disease is between the guide words desert - dodge, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Rebecca decides to take a trip to Florida. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Rebecca will spend more money. Plane tickets for Rebecca to get to Florida are more expensive than tickets to Michigan.\n1. Rebecca will enjoy her trip to Florida more than she would have enjoyed a trip to Michigan." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Rebecca wants or needs:\nRebecca will spend more money. Plane tickets for Rebecca to get to Florida are more expensive than tickets to Michigan.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Liz inherited this trait?\n\n0. Liz and her father both have dark hair.\n1. Liz's parents have dark skin. They passed down this trait to Liz." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nMackenzie insisted that her dog wasn't fat; she said that he was merely well-fed.\n\n0. euphemism\n1. hyperbole" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nWell-fed is an indirect way of saying overweight.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the elementary substance.\n\n0. cyclopropane (C3H6)\n1. argon (Ar)\n2. phosphine (PH3)" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the chemical formula for each substance, and count the number of symbols in the formula. Then, decide if the substance is an elementary substance. The chemical formula for cyclopropane contains two symbols: C for carbon and H for hydrogen. So, cyclopropane is made of two chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, cyclopropane is a compound, not an elementary substance. The chemical formula for phosphine contains two symbols: P for phosphorus and H for hydrogen. So, phosphine is made of two chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, phosphine is a compound, not an elementary substance. The chemical formula for argon contains one symbol: Ar. So, argon is made of one chemical element. Substances that are made of one chemical element are elementary substances. So, argon is an elementary substance.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich metal paper clip has a lower temperature?\n\n0. the metal paper clip with less thermal energy\n1. the metal paper clip with more thermal energy" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two metal paper clips are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the metal paper clip with less thermal energy has a lower temperature.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Jane inherited this trait?\n\n0. Jane's hair is the same color as her brown eyes.\n1. Jane's father has brown eyes. He passed this trait down to Jane." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a simple sentence?\n\n0. Malia and her sisters drew a map of the United States and hung it on the wall.\n1. Colton was playing the piano in the living room when Dad called him for dinner." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the simple sentence. It is a single independent clause.\nMalia and her sisters drew a map of the United States and hung it on the wall.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A force is a push or a pull.\nA force can make an object start moving or stop an object that is moving. A force can also make an object speed up, slow down, or change direction.\nForces can be different sizes.\nThink about trying to move a heavy object and a light object. Imagine you want to move them at the same speed. You will need to use a larger force to move the heavy object.\n\nQuestion:\nRuben starts to pull the wagon across the yard. To move the wagon at the same speed each time, which friend does Ruben need to pull with a larger force?\n\n0. a friend who weighs 32 pounds\n1. a friend who weighs 31 pounds" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look for the friend who is heavier.\nA friend who weighs 32 pounds is heavier than a friend who weighs 31 pounds. So, to move the wagon at the same speed each time, Ruben needs to use a larger force to start moving the wagon with a friend who weighs 32 pounds.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the ip sound.\nThe words lake and make rhyme. They both end with the ake sound.\nThe words tip and lake don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. wed\n1. meal\n2. real" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words real and meal rhyme. They both end with the eal sound.\nThe word wed does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nbreaking a stick in half\nmixing sand and gravel\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are caused by heating.\n2. Both are chemical changes.\n3. Both are only physical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nBreaking a stick in half is a physical change. The stick gets broken into two pieces. But the pieces are still made of the same type of matter as the original stick.\nMixing sand and gravel is a physical change. Together, the sand and gravel make a mixture. But making this mixture does not form a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the place that doesn't belong.\n\n0. port\n1. harbor\n2. highway\n3. dock" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Highway doesn't belong.\nPort, dock, and harbor all name places to park boats.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\na penny tarnishing\na piece of apple turning brown\n\n0. Both are only physical changes.\n1. Both are caused by heating.\n2. Both are chemical changes.\n3. Both are caused by cooling." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nMetal turning less shiny over time is called tarnishing. A penny tarnishing is a chemical change. When air touches the penny, the surface of the penny changes into a different type of matter. This matter makes the penny dull.\nA piece of apple turning brown is a chemical change. The apple reacts with oxygen in the air and turns into a different type of matter.\nIf you scrape off the brown layer of the apple, the inside is still white. The inside hasn't touched the air. So the chemical change didn't happen to that part of the apple.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a bicycle?\n\n0. 9 grams\n1. 9 kilograms" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the mass of a bicycle is 9 kilograms.\n9 grams is too light.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nRussell has naturally straight hair.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Human hair can be naturally straight or naturally curly. Straight and curly are examples of hair texture.\nSome people use tools to change how their hair looks. But this doesn't affect the natural texture of their hair. So, having naturally straight hair is an inherited trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Ace's phenotype for the coat pattern trait?\n\n0. white spots\n1. solid coloring" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You need to determine Ace's phenotype for the coat pattern trait. First, consider the alleles in Ace's genotype for the coat pattern gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for white spots (a) is recessive to the allele for solid coloring (A). This means A is a dominant allele, and a is a recessive allele.\nAce's genotype of Aa has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Ace's phenotype for the coat pattern trait must be solid coloring.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nNina has a scar on her right leg.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the metaphor in this text suggest?\nTanvi felt a roller coaster of emotions when she heard the news.\n\n0. Tanvi felt delighted about the news.\n1. Tanvi had varied feelings." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a metaphor, comparing two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe metaphor Tanvi felt a roller coaster of emotions suggests that Tanvi had varied feelings. A roller coaster has a dramatic mix of ups and downs, and so do Tanvi's feelings.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. With Love,\nTrisha\n1. With love,\nTrisha" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Chuck's phenotype for the coat pattern trait?\n\n0. white spots\n1. solid coloring" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You need to determine Chuck's phenotype for the coat pattern trait. First, consider the alleles in Chuck's genotype for the coat pattern gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for solid coloring (A) is dominant over the allele for white spots (a). This means A is a dominant allele, and a is a recessive allele.\nChuck's genotype of Aa has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Chuck's phenotype for the coat pattern trait must be solid coloring.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Gilligan's phenotype for the eye color trait?\n\n0. red eyes\n1. black eyes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Gilligan's genotype for the eye color gene is ee. Gilligan's genotype of ee has only e alleles. The e allele is for black eyes. So, Gilligan's phenotype for the eye color trait must be black eyes.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Gilligan's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for black eyes (e) is recessive to the allele for red eyes (E). This means E is a dominant allele, and e is a recessive allele.\nGilligan's genotype of ee has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Gilligan's phenotype for the eye color trait must be black eyes.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. The neighborhood association wants them to provide more affordable housing.\n1. The neighborhood association wants city officials to provide more affordable housing." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun them is used without its antecedent.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. Them has been replaced with city officials.\nThe neighborhood association wants city officials to provide more affordable housing.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the fastest will go the farthest distance in that time. It is moving at the highest speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of three bicycles. Which bicycle was moving at the highest speed?\n\n0. a bicycle that moved 110kilometers north in 5hours\n1. a bicycle that moved 85kilometers south in 5hours\n2. a bicycle that moved 135kilometers north in 5hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each bicycle moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each bicycle moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each bicycle moved for 5 hours. The bicycle that moved 135 kilometers moved the farthest distance in that time. So, that bicycle must have moved at the highest speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nIan has a scar on his left ankle.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long does it take to drain all of the water in a full bathtub?\n\n0. 50 hours\n1. 50 seconds" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for how long it takes to drain all of the water in a full bathtub is 50 seconds.\n50 hours is too slow.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Boxer's phenotype for the coat color trait?\n\n0. a red coat\n1. a black coat" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Boxer's genotype for the coat color gene is LL. Boxer's genotype of LL has only L allelles. The L allele is for a black coat. So, Boxer's phenotype for the coat color trait must be a black coat.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Boxer's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a red coat (l) is recessive to the allele for a black coat (L). This means L is a dominant allele, and l is a recessive allele.\nBoxer's genotype of LL has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Boxer's phenotype for the coat color trait must be a black coat.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nErnest's Falstaffian nature makes him stand out at a party.\n\n0. Greek mythology\n1. Shakespeare" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Falstaffian is Shakespeare.\nSir John Falstaff, a comical character in several of William Shakespeare's plays, is known for his cheerful sociability and sometimes off-color humor.\nThe allusion Falstaffian means characterized by joviality and enjoyment of food and drink.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Poetry is a special kind of writing. It has many elements that make it different from ordinary writing. Knowing these elements can help you talk about poetry, understand it better, and enjoy it more.\nA poem rhymes when it has a pattern of words that end in the same sound.\nEnd rhyme is when the rhymes appear at the end of a poem's lines.\nLittle Betty Blue,\nLost her holiday shoe.\n\u2014From Mother Goose\nInternal rhyme is when at least one of the rhyming words appears inside the poem's lines.\nSweet dreams of pleasant streams.\n\u2014From William Blake, \"A Cradle Song\"\nRhythm is the pattern of strong and weak syllables, or stress, in a poem. You can recognize rhythm in a poem by listening to how it sounds. Poems with regular rhythm have a beat, like in music.\nHe watches from his mountain walls,\nAnd like a thunderbolt he falls.\n\u2014From Alfred, Lord Tennyson, \"The Eagle\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. We say them with more force than the other syllables. In this poem, every weak syllable is followed by a strong syllable. Each line sounds like da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM. To better hear the rhythm, try reading it aloud while clapping on each strong syllable.\nFree verse is when a poem has neither a regular rhythm nor a rhyme pattern.\nThe old bridge has a wrinkled face.\nHe bends his back\nFor us to go over.\n\u2014From Hilda Conkling, \"The Old Bridge\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. You can see this poem does not have a regular rhythm. It also doesn't have a rhyme pattern.\nRepetition is when words, phrases, or whole lines are repeated.\nThe dainty flying squirrel\nIn vest of shining white,\nIn coat of silver gray,\nAnd vest of shining white.\n\u2014Adapted from Mary E. Burt, \"The Flying Squirrel\"\nAlliteration is when beginning consonant sounds are repeated in words that are close together.\nWhere the wild men watched and waited\nWolves in the forest, and bears in the bush.\n\u2014From Bayard Taylor, \"A Night with a Wolf\"\nOnomatopoeia is when language sounds like what it talks about.\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses made-up words:\nTlot-tlot! tlot-tlot! Had they heard it? The horse hoofs ringing clear.\n\u2014From Alfred Noyes, \"The Highwayman\"\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses real words:\nHark! the honey bee is humming.\n\u2014From Mary Howitt, \"The Voice of Spring\"\n\nQuestion:\nAdapted from Jane Taylor, \"The Violet\" and adapted from Richard Aldington, \"Childhood\"\n\n0. It was all so dull\u2014\nExcept a few gray legs under shiny black umbrellas\nRunning along the gray shiny sidewalks.\n1. Within a green and shady bed\nA modest violet grew;\nIts stalk was bent, it hung its head,\nAs if to hide from view." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This poem has a regular rhythm, or a pattern of sound like a beat. The parts in bold show the strong syllables. The pattern is a weak syllable followed by a strong syllable. It sounds like da-DUM da-DUM.\nAs if to hide from view.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\ndust settling out of the air\nmelting wax\n\n0. Both are caused by heating.\n1. Both are chemical changes.\n2. Both are caused by cooling.\n3. Both are only physical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nDust settling out of the air is a physical change. As the dust settles, or falls, it might land on furniture or the ground. This separates dust particles from the air, but does not form a different type of matter.\nMelting wax is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The wax changes from solid to liquid. But it is still made of the same type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nWax melting is caused by heating. But dust settling out of the air is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nCracks forming in concrete due to changes in temperature is a ().\n\n0. chemical change\n1. physical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Cracks forming in concrete due to changes in temperature is a physical change. The concrete looks different, but it is still made of the same type of matter.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a run-on sentence?\n\n0. He won't get lost, I will give him directions.\n1. Goes on a big adventure." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "He won't get lost, I will give him directions is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined by just a comma: He won't get lost and I will give him directions.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nCandice said there's no way Scotland's Loch Ness Monster is real, but she's not even Scottish, so there's no way she could really know.\n\n0. straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n1. false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\n2. ad hominem: an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Candice's claim that the Loch Ness Monster isn't real is not valid because she's not Scottish. This is a personal attack on Candice's background that isn't relevant to whether her claim is valid. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as ad hominem.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nmake - moment\n\n0. my\n1. mess" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince mess is between the guide words make - moment, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long does it take to cook a turkey in the oven?\n\n0. 6 hours\n1. 6 minutes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for how long it takes to cook a turkey in the oven is 6 hours.\n6 minutes is too fast.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich meatball has a higher temperature?\n\n0. the meatball with less thermal energy\n1. the meatball with more thermal energy" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two meatballs are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the meatball with more thermal energy has a higher temperature.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Trudy investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. When wrapped in a cotton shirt and placed in the sun, does a large jar or a small jar heat up more?\n1. When placed in the sun, does a glass jar wrapped in a black cotton shirt heat up more than a glass jar wrapped in a white cotton shirt?\n2. When placed in the sun, does a glass jar wrapped in cotton heat up more than a glass jar wrapped in wool?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nTell us as soon as the contest results are posted.\n\n0. exclamatory\n1. interrogative\n2. imperative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence tells someone to do something, so it is an imperative sentence. Here, it ends with a period.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Oliver's genotype for the agouti fur gene?\n\n0. not having agouti fur\n1. aa" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Oliver has two alleles for not having agouti fur (a). So, Oliver's genotype for the agouti fur gene is aa.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nbacteria - brag\n\n0. be\n1. bunch" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince be is between the guide words bacteria - brag, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Some animals have a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. An animal's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each animal's backbone is colored orange.\nOther animals do not have a backbone. In fact, these animals don't have any bones! Some animals without backbones have a hard outer cover. Other animals have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the animal that has a backbone.\n\n0. curlyhair tarantula\n1. skunk" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A skunk is a mammal. Like other mammals, a skunk has a backbone.\nLike other tarantulas, a curlyhair tarantula does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Living things are made up of four main groups of carbon-based molecules called organic compounds. One of these groups is carbohydrates. The other three groups are lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.\nAll carbohydrates are made up of the same three chemical elements: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. But carbohydrate molecules can come in different forms. The smallest carbohydrates are called simple sugars. Simple sugars can be linked together in long chains to make larger carbohydrates, called complex carbohydrates.\nCarbohydrates can also have different functions. An important function of carbohydrates is to provide the primary source of energy for cells. Cells can quickly break down many types of carbohydrates to release energy, so these carbohydrates provide energy for cells' immediate use. Carbohydrates can also form cell structures. One complex carbohydrate, called cellulose, forms the cell walls in plant cells. Cellulose helps to give plants structure and make them strong.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following is a primary function of carbohydrates?\n\n0. to store the information needed for an organism's growth and development\n1. to supply energy for a cell's immediate use\n2. to control chemical reactions" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nIf you're not a vegetarian, then you must despise animals.\n\n0. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something\n1. false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that if you're not a vegetarian, it must be because you despise animals. However, there may be a number of reasons why you eat meat. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nMoss often hangs from the branches of the bald cypress, a tree that grows in swamps in the South.\n\n0. interrogative\n1. exclamatory\n2. declarative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence tells about something, and it ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell.\nAll living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change.\nAll living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the living thing.\n\n0. teddy bear\n1. Mount Rushmore National Memorial\n2. snowy owl\n3. book" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A teddy bear is not a living thing.\nTeddy bears do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nA book is not a living thing.\nBooks do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nMount Rushmore National Memorial is not a living thing.\nThe Mount Rushmore National Memorial is a sculpture of four American presidents: George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln. The sculpture does not have all the traits of a living thing. It does not grow or respond to the world around it. It does not need food or water.\nA snowy owl is a living thing.\nSnowy owls grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Snowy owls are made up of many cells.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\ncarving a piece of wood\ndust settling out of the air\n\n0. Both are chemical changes.\n1. Both are caused by cooling.\n2. Both are only physical changes.\n3. Both are caused by heating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nCarving a piece of wood is a physical change. The wood changes shape, but it is still made of the same type of matter.\nDust settling out of the air is a physical change. As the dust settles, or falls, it might land on furniture or the ground. This separates dust particles from the air, but does not form a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Nutmeg's phenotype for the fur texture trait?\n\n0. wavy fur\n1. straight fur" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Nutmeg's genotype for the fur texture gene is ff. Nutmeg's genotype of ff has only f alleles. The f allele is for wavy fur. So, Nutmeg's phenotype for the fur texture trait must be wavy fur.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Nutmeg's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for wavy fur (f) is recessive to the allele for straight fur (F). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nNutmeg's genotype of ff has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Nutmeg's phenotype for the fur texture trait must be wavy fur.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\nMy hair () in this humid weather!\n\n0. refuses to behave\n1. becomes so frizzy" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Complete the sentence with the phrase refuses to behave. It describes my hair as if it were a disobedient person.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the personification in this text suggest?\nJaylen tried to ignore his unfinished essay, but it glared at him from across the room.\n\n0. The essay was printed in large type.\n1. It bothered Jaylen that the essay wasn't finished." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses personification, giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nGlared at him suggests that it bothered Jaylen that the essay wasn't finished. The essay is like a person who is bothering Jaylen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word thorough on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ntailor - timber\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince thorough is between the guide words tailor - timber, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Haley investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do candles with thick wicks or with thin wicks produce more smoke?\n1. Do large candles or small candles produce more smoke?\n2. Do scented candles or unscented candles produce more smoke?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the temperature of a cup of hot cocoa?\n\n0. 65\u00b0F\n1. 65\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the temperature of a cup of hot cocoa is 65\u00b0C.\n65\u00b0F is too cold.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Nolan acquired this trait?\n\n0. Nolan knits sweaters using cotton, wool, and other types of yarn.\n1. Nolan learned how to knit in an after school program." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nYesterday's tennis match was a classic David and Goliath story, with Charlie playing against his former team captain, Jake.\n\n0. the Bible\n1. a poem" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion David and Goliath is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, a young man named David slays Goliath, a giant and champion warrior, using nothing more than a sling and a stone.\nThe allusion David and Goliath means involving unequal rivals.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nAnswer the riddle.\nI am red-brown.\nI have a big, bushy tail.\nI look like a small dog.\nWhat am I?\n\n0. a fox\n1. an apple" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A fox is red-brown.\nA fox has a big, bushy tail.\nA fox looks like a small dog.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A force is a push or a pull.\nA force can make an object start moving or stop an object that is moving. A force can also make an object speed up, slow down, or change direction.\nForces can be different sizes.\nThink about trying to move a heavy object and a light object. Imagine you want to move them at the same speed. You will need to use a larger force to move the heavy object.\n\nQuestion:\nThe trucks begin to move at the same speed. Which truck needs a larger force to start moving?\n\n0. a mail truck carrying 200 pounds of mail\n1. a mail truck carrying 450 pounds of mail" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look for the mail truck that is heavier.\nA mail truck carrying 450 pounds of mail is heavier than a mail truck carrying 200 pounds of mail. So, the mail truck carrying 450 pounds needs a larger force to start moving at the same speed as the other mail truck.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the fastest will go the farthest distance in that time. It is moving at the highest speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of three motorboats. Which motorboat was moving at the highest speed?\n\n0. a motorboat that moved 670kilometers west in 10hours\n1. a motorboat that moved 275kilometers south in 10hours\n2. a motorboat that moved 355kilometers north in 10hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each motorboat moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each motorboat moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each motorboat moved for 10 hours. The motorboat that moved 670 kilometers moved the farthest distance in that time. So, that motorboat must have moved at the highest speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nGabby was known among her coworkers for her spartan ways.\n\n0. Greek history\n1. Shakespeare" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion spartan is Greek history.\nSoldiers from the city of Sparta in ancient Greece were known for their self-restraint, self-discipline, and indifference to luxury.\nThe allusion spartan means simple and austere.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought.\nRehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing a subject. It doesn't tell who is rehearsing.\nThe band I'm in.\nThis fragment is missing a verb. It doesn't tell what the band I'm in is doing.\nBecause we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing an independent clause. It doesn't tell what happened because of the concert.\n\nQuestion:\nIs there a sentence fragment?\nThe red wolf of the southeastern United States became extinct in the wild in 1980. After scientists created a breeding program with a few red wolves in captivity.\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There is a sentence fragment that does not express a complete thought.\nThe red wolf of the southeastern United States became extinct in the wild in 1980. After scientists created a breeding program with a few red wolves in captivity.\nHere is one way to fix the sentence fragment:\nThe red wolf of the southeastern United States became extinct in the wild in 1980. After scientists created a breeding program with a few red wolves in captivity, the wolves were reintroduced to the wild.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A pure substance is made of only one type of matter.\nA mixture is made of two or more types of matter mixed together.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the mixture.\n\n0. silver\n1. crayons" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a glass of milk?\n\n0. 1 gallon\n1. 1 cup\n2. 1 fluid ounce" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the volume of a glass of milk is 1 cup.\n1 fluid ounce is too little and 1 gallon is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Thistle's phenotype for the fleece type trait?\n\n0. a hairy fleece\n1. FF" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Thistle's observable version of the fleece type trait is a hairy fleece. So, Thistle's phenotype for the fleece type trait is a hairy fleece.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is harder?\n\n0. wool sweater\n1. icicle" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Hard is a property. A hard material keeps its shape when you press on it with your finger.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pushing on the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the icicle is harder. If you squeeze an icicle, it will not change shape, unless it starts to melt!\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nDon't overlook Arianna when choosing the new principal.\n\n0. imperative\n1. exclamatory\n2. interrogative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence makes a request, so it is an imperative sentence. Here, it ends with a period.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nWill was enjoying the lush life his newfound riches had brought him, but he couldn't help but think of his latest cholesterol reading as a Sword of Damocles.\n\n0. the Bible\n1. ancient legend" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Sword of Damocles is ancient legend.\nAccording to legend, when Damocles wished his life were as full of luxuries as that of the tyrant Dionysis, Dionysis invited Damocles to a sumptuous banquet. Above Damocles' seat at the feast, Dionysis had placed a sword, suspended only by a thin hair, demonstrating the fragile nature of fortune.\nThe allusion Sword of Damocles means a reminder that one is vulnerable.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the simile in this text suggest?\nYou're as cold as ice; you're willing to sacrifice our love.\n\u2014Foreigner, \"Cold as Ice\"\n\n0. The song is about someone who is freezing.\n1. The song is about someone who doesn't care." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text includes a simile, using like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe simile as cold as ice suggests that the song is about someone who doesn't care. Someone who is as cold as ice is numb and doesn't have warm feelings.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the fastest will go the farthest distance in that time. It is moving at the highest speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of three geese. Which goose was moving at the highest speed?\n\n0. a goose that moved 360miles west in 10hours\n1. a goose that moved 650miles south in 10hours\n2. a goose that moved 275miles east in 10hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each goose moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each goose moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each goose moved for 10 hours. The goose that moved 650 miles moved the farthest distance in that time. So, that goose must have moved at the highest speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Lisa acquired this trait?\n\n0. Lisa's scar was caused by an accident. She cut her arm when she fell off her bicycle.\n1. Lisa's sister has a bruise from falling on her elbow.\n2. Lisa's scar is on her right elbow. Her father also has a scar on his right elbow." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nTrent's leaving his job? That's old news. He's been planning that for months.\n\n0. oxymoron\n1. euphemism" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nOld news is a contradiction, because news is recent information.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Kenneth decides to get the cherries jubilee ice cream. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Kenneth will get to eat the cherries jubilee ice cream. He likes this flavor more than brownie batter.\n1. Kenneth will give up the chance to get a free waffle cone. He would have enjoyed the waffle cone." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Kenneth wants or needs:\nKenneth will give up the chance to get a free waffle cone. He would have enjoyed the waffle cone.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ndeserve - durable\n\n0. daze\n1. disaster" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince disaster is between the guide words deserve - durable, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nIn response to his position on taxes, some journalists accused the candidate of engaging in doublethink.\n\n0. Greek history\n1. literature" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion doublethink is literature.\nGeorge Orwell's novel 1984 uses the term doublethink to describe simultaneously believing two opposite ideas, such as \"War is peace.\"\nThe allusion doublethink means a contradictory belief.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nJennifer, please stay away from the ocean. You shouldn't go in the water until you know how to swim.\n\n0. paradox\n1. euphemism" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a paradox, a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nYou shouldn't go in the water until you know how to swim at first appears to be contradictory, because it is impossible to learn how to swim without going in the water. However, it contains some truth: you should not go into deep or dangerous water without first knowing how to swim.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word unique in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Samantha's collection of handmade pottery was featured in last week's edition of the Hillsdale Journal, which identified her as \"one of the most unique young artists to debut this year.\"\n1. Each vase and bowl in Samantha's collection of handmade pottery is unique. The colors and designs reflect both her cultural heritage and her individual artistic style." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second text uses unique in its traditional sense: being the only one of its kind.\nEach vase and bowl in Samantha's collection of handmade pottery is unique. The colors and designs reflect both her cultural heritage and her individual artistic style.\nThe first text uses unique in its nontraditional sense: interesting or unusual. Samantha is a distinctive artist, but might not be one of a kind. It may be helpful to remember that if unique is modified by an adverb\u2014as in most unique, very unique, or quite unique\u2014it is probably being used nontraditionally.\nSamantha's collection of handmade pottery was featured in last week's edition of the Hillsdale Journal, which identified her as \"one of the most unique young artists to debut this year.\"\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word unique because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ncattle - code\n\n0. crumb\n1. check" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince check is between the guide words cattle - code, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nAlexa entered the bustling, aromatic spice market in Istanbul and said to her travel companion, \"We're not in Kansas anymore.\"\n\n0. a movie\n1. a fable" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion We're not in Kansas anymore is a movie.\nIn the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz, Dorothy, a young farm girl from Kansas, finds herself in Oz, an unusual place that looks nothing like her home. She says to her dog, \"Toto, I've a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore.\"\nThe allusion We're not in Kansas anymore means we're in an unfamiliar place.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. As Brad's train pulled out of the station, Ted waved goodbye to him.\n1. Ted waved goodbye to Brad as his train pulled out of the station." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun his could refer to Ted or Brad.\nTed waved goodbye to Brad as his train pulled out of the station.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nAs Brad's train pulled out of the station, Ted waved goodbye to him.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nFrom the look on her face, Camille is carrying an albatross around her neck.\n\n0. a poem\n1. Egyptian history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion an albatross around her neck is a poem.\nIn Samuel Taylor Coleridge's poem \"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner,\" a sailor shoots and kills an albatross, an action that curses the ship and crew. As his crew members die, the Ancient Mariner feels his guilt hanging like the albatross around his neck.\nThe allusion an albatross around her neck means a burden a person must bear.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Mason inherited this trait?\n\n0. Mason's biological father wears contacts in his hazel eyes.\n1. Mason wears glasses and so do his sisters.\n2. Mason's friend also has hazel eyes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nacid rain weathering a marble statue\nchemicals in a battery reacting to power a flashlight\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are chemical changes.\n2. Both are only physical changes.\n3. Both are caused by heating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nAcid rain weathering a marble statue is a chemical change. The acid rain reacts with the outside of the statue and breaks it down into a different type of matter. This new matter is then washed away by the rain. Acid rain is a type of pollution. It forms when smoke from automobiles and factories mixes with water in clouds.\nAcid rain is a type of pollution. It forms when automobiles and factories release smoke containing sulfur or nitrogen. Some of these chemicals react with water in the atmosphere. The reaction forms droplets of water that can fall back to the ground as acid rain.\nChemicals in a battery reacting to power a flashlight is a chemical change. When the flashlight is turned on, the chemicals in the battery react with each other to form new chemicals. This creates electricity, which powers the lightbulb.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the gas.\n\n0. bat bones\n1. air inside a raft\n2. pair of dice\n3. water in a fishbowl" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A pair of dice is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. When you roll a pair of dice, the dice have a shape of their own. They are still cubes when they stop rolling.\nThe air inside a raft is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. The air in a raft expands to fill all the space inside the raft. If air leaks out, it will expand into the space around the raft.\nA bat bone is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. A bat bone has its own shape inside the bat.\nThe water in a fishbowl is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour water from a fishbowl into a different container, the water will take the shape of that container. But the water will still take up the same amount of space.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Lauren inherited this trait?\n\n0. Lauren's hair is the same color as her brown eyes.\n1. Lauren's father has brown eyes. He passed this trait down to Lauren." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Britney acquired this trait?\n\n0. Britney knows how to polish her cello.\n1. Britney learned how to play the cello in music class.\n2. Britney and her father play the cello together." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Dear Aunt Becky,\n1. dear Aunt Becky," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Aunt Becky is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nMr. Conway argues that we need to do more to prevent workplace injuries and fatalities. I doubt that someone so socially awkward would know a thing about office safety.\n\n0. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct\n1. ad hominem: a personal attack against one's opponent" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that being socially awkward determines knowledge of workplace safety. This is a personal attack that isn't relevant to Mr. Conway's desire to prevent workplace injuries. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as ad hominem.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.\n\nQuestion:\nIs a drum a good or a service?\n\n0. a service\n1. a good" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide whether a drum is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs a drum something you can touch? Yes.\nIs a drum a job you might pay someone else to do? No.\nSo, a drum is a good.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement and always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn imperative sentence makes a request or a demand and usually ends with a period. If a demand shows strong feeling, it can end with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn interrogative sentence asks a question and always ends with a question mark.\nGiven the recent critiques of her new strategic plan, do you think the CEO will reconsider the company's direction?\nAn exclamatory sentence is a statement that shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamation always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nIn the game today, Clare hit a home run with bases loaded!\n\n0. interrogative\n1. exclamatory\n2. declarative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is a statement that shows strong feeling and ends with an exclamation point. It is an exclamatory sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nThis news show is the most widely watched in the country, so I know it's also the most trustworthy.\n\n0. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct\n1. slippery slope fallacy: the false assumption that a small first step will lead to extreme consequences\n2. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that because a show is widely watched it is also trustworthy. However, a show's popularity does not necessarily indicate its trustworthiness. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as the bandwagon fallacy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a paper drinking cup?\n\n0. 160 liters\n1. 160 milliliters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of a paper drinking cup is 160 milliliters.\n160 liters is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Jim accidentally bumped into the waiter, and food splattered all over Jim's shirt.\n1. Jim accidentally bumped into the waiter, and food splattered all over his shirt." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun his could refer to Jim's or the waiter's.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. His has been replaced with Jim's.\nJim accidentally bumped into the waiter, and food splattered all over Jim's shirt.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nI never wear running shoes when I go jogging. Running with bare feet is how our ancient ancestors did it, so running shoes can't be better for your feet.\n\n0. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\n1. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good\n2. ad hominem: an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that running shoes aren't good for your feet because our ancient ancestors did not wear running shoes. However, running shoes are not necessarily bad for your feet just because our ancient ancestors did not naturally have them in the past. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as an appeal to nature.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nmaking paper from wood\nrust forming on a metal gate\n\n0. Both are only physical changes.\n1. Both are chemical changes.\n2. Both are caused by cooling.\n3. Both are caused by heating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nMaking paper from wood is a chemical change. Paper is made by mixing tiny pieces of wood with special chemicals. The wood reacts with the chemicals to form pulp. Wood and pulp are different types of matter.\nRust forming on a metal gate is a chemical change. As the gate rusts, the metal turns into a different type of matter called rust. Rust is reddish-brown and falls apart easily.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nalphabet - area\n\n0. ahead\n1. antenna" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince antenna is between the guide words alphabet - area, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nThe salesperson tried hard to convince Emilio that the jacket was a good buy; after all, it was made of genuine imitation leather.\n\n0. hyperbole\n1. oxymoron" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nGenuine imitation leather is a contradiction, because genuine means real, and imitation means fake or synthetic.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nJoey lives in a city where the wind often blows from the south throughout the year.\n\n0. weather\n1. climate" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nJoey lives in a city where the wind often blows from the south throughout the year.\nThis passage tells you about the usual wind pattern where Joey lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words are made up of syllables. Two kinds of syllables are closed and open.\nA closed syllable has one vowel and ends with a consonant. It usually has a short vowel sound.\ndesk: short e\nkit / ten: short i / short e\nAn open syllable ends with one vowel. It usually has a long vowel sound.\ngo: long o\nhe / ro: long e / long o\nSome open syllables end with y. The y makes a long e sound or a long i sound.\nsky: long i\nba / by: long a / long e\n\nQuestion:\nLook at the word. Does it have a closed syllable or an open syllable?\nwe\n\n0. open\n1. closed" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The word we ends with a vowel and has a long vowel sound. So, it has an open syllable.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a complete sentence?\n\n0. Our cabin has bunk beds for the kids.\n1. Sacramento is the capital of California, the state government meets there." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Our cabin has bunk beds for the kids is a complete sentence. The subject is our cabin, and the verb is has.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nOur teeth are meant for eating meat. Our incisors and canines evolved to tear and rip flesh. Therefore, it must be unhealthy for humans to give up meat.\n\n0. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good\n1. straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n2. hasty generalization: a broad claim based on too few observations" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that humans must eat meat because their teeth are naturally suited to eating it. However, a behavior isn't necessarily required simply because it's in our nature. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as an appeal to nature.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is the Mississippi River?\n\n0. 3,700 millimeters\n1. 3,700 meters\n2. 3,700 centimeters\n3. 3,700 kilometers" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of the Mississippi River is 3,700 kilometers.\n3,700 millimeters, 3,700 centimeters, and 3,700 meters are all too short.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Sophia asked Anna to make a flourless chocolate cake for their book club meeting because she has a gluten allergy.\n1. Because Anna has a gluten allergy, Sophia asked her to make a flourless chocolate cake for their book club meeting." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Sophia or Anna.\nSophia asked Anna to make a flourless chocolate cake for their book club meeting because she has a gluten allergy.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nBecause Anna has a gluten allergy, Sophia asked her to make a flourless chocolate cake for their book club meeting.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\ncarving a piece of wood\ncrushing a mineral into powder\n\n0. Both are caused by heating.\n1. Both are only physical changes.\n2. Both are caused by cooling.\n3. Both are chemical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nCarving a piece of wood is a physical change. The wood changes shape, but it is still made of the same type of matter.\nCrushing a mineral into powder is a physical change. The mineral breaks into tiny pieces. But it is still made of the same type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the liquid.\n\n0. crayons\n1. slide\n2. dish soap\n3. coins" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A coin is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. Many coins are made of solid metal.\nA crayon is a solid. You can break a crayon into pieces. But each piece will still have a size and shape of its own.\nDish soap is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour dish soap out of a bottle, the dish soap will change shape. But the dish soap will still take up the same amount of space.\nA slide is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. A slide has a size and shape of its own, even when you sit on it.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nO happy dagger,\nThis is thy sheath. There rust and let me die.\n\u2014William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet\n\n0. euphemism\n1. apostrophe" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses apostrophe, a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nO happy dagger is a direct address to the dagger, a nonhuman entity.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell.\nAll living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change.\nAll living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the living thing.\n\n0. kite\n1. jump rope\n2. lettuce\n3. chair" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A chair is not a living thing.\nChairs do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nA jump rope is not a living thing.\nJump ropes do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nLettuce is a living thing.\nLettuce grows and responds to its environment. It needs food and water. It is made up of many cells.\nLettuce is usually grown on a farm. But lettuce can also be grown indoors under special lights.\nA kite is not a living thing.\nA kite does not have all the traits of a living thing. It moves fast in the wind, but it does not grow. It does not need food or water.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nEdwin will make cookies with his friends.\n\n0. present tense\n1. past tense\n2. future tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, make. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a simple sentence?\n\n0. In June, Erin and Preston will graduate with honors from Burlington High School.\n1. When the supervisor arrived at the quarry, six dump trucks were in line at the gate." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is the simple sentence. It is a single independent clause.\nIn June, Erin and Preston will graduate with honors from Burlington High School.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Suzie investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do small rocks or large rocks skip more times when thrown across the river?\n1. Do rocks skip more times when thrown across a river or across a pond?\n2. Do round rocks or flat rocks skip more times when thrown across the river?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word terribly in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Raymond shivered as he gazed at the terribly steep, snowy slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent.\n1. Raymond shivered terribly as he gazed at the snow-clad slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second text uses terribly in its traditional sense: in a terrible manner.\nRaymond shivered terribly as he gazed at the snow-clad slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent.\nThe first text uses terribly in its nontraditional sense: extremely; very.\nRaymond shivered as he gazed at the terribly steep, snowy slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word terribly because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the simile in this text suggest?\nMartha rubbed coconut oil on her hands, which were like the parched earth during a drought.\n\n0. Martha's hands were dry and cracked.\n1. Martha was baking something." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text includes a simile, using like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe simile like the parched earth during a drought suggests that Martha's hands were dry and cracked. A drought is a period without rain; the ground during a drought can become hard and cracked.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the fastest will go the farthest distance in that time. It is moving at the highest speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of three motorboats. Which motorboat was moving at the highest speed?\n\n0. a motorboat that moved 280kilometers south in 5hours\n1. a motorboat that moved 60kilometers south in 5hours\n2. a motorboat that moved 100kilometers west in 5hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each motorboat moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each motorboat moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each motorboat moved for 5 hours. The motorboat that moved 280 kilometers moved the farthest distance in that time. So, that motorboat must have moved at the highest speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the hyperbole in this text suggest?\nIf you don't want to spend an eternity waiting in line at the passport office, you should consider scheduling an appointment online.\n\n0. You have to wait in line for a very long time at the passport office.\n1. Spending time at the passport office is unpleasant." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nThe hyperbole for an eternity suggests that you have to wait in line for a very long time at the passport office. You do not literally have to wait in line for an infinite amount of time.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Dear Aunt Emma,\n1. dear Aunt Emma," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Aunt Emma is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Fossils are preserved remains of the body parts or activities of ancient organisms.\nSome fossils show the body parts of organisms. Bones and shells are two examples of body parts that can be preserved in fossils.\nSome fossils show traces of an organism's activities. An animal might leave footprints in mud or dig a burrow in soil. These traces might be preserved as fossils.\nFossils are not human-made. All fossils are formed in nature.\nFossils take a long time to form. For example, an organism's body can take thousands of years to become a fossil.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the fossil.\n\n0. drawing of a dinosaur\n1. dinosaur remains preserved in rock\n2. dinosaur model made of plastic" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nIt has not rained in over a week at Nate's house.\n\n0. climate\n1. weather" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nIt has not rained in over a week at Nate's house.\nThis passage tells you about the precipitation last week at Nate's house. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word unique in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Megan wanted her daughter to have a unique name, so she browsed baby name websites for months to find the perfect one.\n1. Megan made all of her daughter's baby clothes by hand, including a unique hand-knitted romper that she designed herself." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second text uses unique in its traditional sense: being the only one of its kind.\nMegan made all of her daughter's baby clothes by hand, including a unique hand-knitted romper that she designed herself.\nThe first text uses unique in its nontraditional sense: interesting or unusual. Megan may have been looking for an unusual name, but if she found it on a baby name website, it is not actually one of a kind.\nMegan wanted her daughter to have a unique name, so she browsed baby name websites for months to find the perfect one.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word unique because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nAfter spending weeks in New York City, Jenna was a bit unnerved by the deafening silence of her small hometown.\n\n0. euphemism\n1. oxymoron" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nDeafening silence is a contradiction, because deafening describes something extremely loud, and silence is the absence of sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Jupiter's genotype for the coat pattern gene?\n\n0. aa\n1. a black coat" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Jupiter has two alleles for a black coat (a). So, Jupiter's genotype for the coat pattern gene is aa.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a car's gas tank?\n\n0. 48 milliliters\n1. 48 liters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of a car's gas tank is 48 liters.\n48 milliliters is too little.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nI've only read a couple pages of this book, and I've already found a typo. There's no way I'm reading the rest of this garbage.\n\n0. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something\n1. slippery slope fallacy: the false assumption that a small first step will lead to extreme consequences\n2. hasty generalization: a broad claim based on too few observations" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that a single typo indicates that a book is terrible. However, one typo does not necessarily reflect the quality of the rest of the book. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a hasty generalization.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true. Facts can be proved by observing, measuring, or studying information.\nThe flag of the United States has 13 stripes.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at the flag and counting the number of stripes.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nThe flag of the United States is easy to draw.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about what makes a flag \"easy\" to draw.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. The Statue of Liberty is easy to recognize.\n1. The Statue of Liberty is made of copper." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence states a fact.\nThe Statue of Liberty is made of copper.\nIt can be proved by reading about famous monuments in the United States.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nThe Statue of Liberty is easy to recognize.\nEasy shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what makes something easy to recognize.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word literally in its traditional sense?\n\n0. The curry that the chef prepared was so spicy that Garrett literally had to drink three glasses of milk to ease the pain.\n1. The curry that the chef prepared was so spicy that Garrett's mouth was literally on fire by the time he finished his meal." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses literally in its traditional sense: in a factual, non-exaggerated way.\nThe curry that the chef prepared was so spicy that Garrett literally had to drink three glasses of milk to ease the pain.\nThe second text uses literally in its nontraditional sense: nearly or in effect (often exaggerated). Garrett's mouth may be in pain, but it is not actually on fire.\nThe curry that the chef prepared was so spicy that Garrett's mouth was literally on fire by the time he finished his meal.\nMost style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word literally because it is generally considered incorrect.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "According to Newton's third law, for every force, there is an equal and opposite force. This means that if one object is applying a force on a second object, the second object must also be applying a force on the first object, but in the opposite direction.\nFor example, if your hand is pushing down on a table, the table is also pushing up on your hand. Or, if you are pulling forward on a rope, the rope is also pulling back on you.\n\nQuestion:\nAccording to Newton's third law, what other force must be happening?\n\n0. The suitcase is pulling on Spencer.\n1. The suitcase is pushing on Spencer." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Spencer is pulling on the suitcase. So, Newton's third law tells you that the suitcase is pulling on Spencer.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich organ detects changes to the body's environment, such as temperature?\n\n0. lungs\n1. heart\n2. skin\n3. muscles" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement. Assume that the water balloon's mass did not change.\nThe gravitational potential energy stored between the water balloon and Earth () as the water balloon fell toward Ronald.\n\n0. decreased\n1. stayed the same\n2. increased" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Think about how the distance between the water balloon and the center of Earth changed.\nRonald was lower than the balcony. As the water balloon fell toward Ronald, the distance between the water balloon and the center of Earth decreased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the water balloon and Earth decreased as the water balloon fell toward Ronald.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement. Assume that the water balloon's mass did not change.\nThe gravitational potential energy stored between the water balloon and Earth () as the water balloon fell toward Sandeep.\n\n0. increased\n1. stayed the same\n2. decreased" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Think about how the distance between the water balloon and the center of Earth changed.\nSandeep was lower than the balcony. As the water balloon fell toward Sandeep, the distance between the water balloon and the center of Earth decreased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the water balloon and Earth decreased as the water balloon fell toward Sandeep.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Gabriel inherited this trait?\n\n0. Gabriel's parents were born with straight hair. They passed down this trait to Gabriel.\n1. Gabriel and his father both have short hair." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\na penny tarnishing\nfiring a clay pot in a hot kiln\n\n0. Both are only physical changes.\n1. Both are caused by heating.\n2. Both are chemical changes.\n3. Both are caused by cooling." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nMetal turning less shiny over time is called tarnishing. A penny tarnishing is a chemical change. When air touches the penny, the surface of the penny changes into a different type of matter. This matter makes the penny dull.\nFiring a clay pot in a hot kiln is a chemical change. High temperatures cause the clay to slowly harden. After several hours in the kiln, the clay will have changed into a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nFiring clay is caused by heating. But a penny tarnishing is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nJason's room is as tidy as an overgrown garden.\n\n0. verbal irony\n1. pun" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAs tidy as an overgrown garden shows verbal irony because an overgrown garden is not tidy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Amy acquired this trait?\n\n0. Amy's mother speaks one language.\n1. Amy learned to speak two languages in school." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Jayce inherited this trait?\n\n0. Jayce's biological mother has long hair. Jayce also has long hair.\n1. Jayce uses a headband to keep his wavy hair out of his face.\n2. Jayce's biological parents have wavy hair." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nsplash - sure\n\n0. struck\n1. sack" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince struck is between the guide words splash - sure, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence uses a simile?\n\n0. Our boots were muddy pig's hooves.\n1. Our boots were as muddy as a pig's hooves." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This sentence uses a simile:\nOur boots were as muddy as a pig's hooves.\nThe words boots and pig's hooves are compared using the word as.\nThis sentence uses a metaphor:\nOur boots were muddy pig's hooves.\nThe words boots and pig's hooves are compared without the word like or as.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Humans have invented many ways to use natural resources. We use energy from natural resources in our daily activities, including cooking food, moving objects, and powering machines.\nSome ways of using natural resources for energy add to air pollution, and others do not.\nWood, oil, and coal are examples of natural resources that are fuels. Burning a fuel provides energy. But it also releases chemicals that can be harmful to our health and to the environment. These chemicals add to air pollution.\nSunlight, wind, and water are natural resources that can provide energy. Using energy from the Sun, wind, or water does not burn material. These uses of energy do not release chemicals that add to air pollution.\n\nQuestion:\nBelow are three examples of using energy from natural resources. Select the use of energy that did not add to air pollution.\n\n0. A solar heater on the roof of a house warmed water that was used for bathing and cleaning.\n1. A gas stove created an open flame for cooking by burning natural gas.\n2. A steamboat's engine burned coal." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes the sentence use a simile or a metaphor?\nMrs. Snyder is an owl, working at night and sleeping during the day.\n\n0. simile\n1. metaphor" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Mrs. Snyder is an owl, working at night and sleeping during the day.\nThe words Mrs. Snyder and owl are compared without the word like or as. So, the sentence uses a metaphor.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Grace inherited this trait?\n\n0. Grace and her biological father wear sunglasses when they go outside.\n1. Grace's neighbor has green eyes.\n2. Grace has green eyes like her biological mother." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nAs Leo sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.\n\n0. simple\n1. complex\n2. compound-complex\n3. compound" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is complex. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction as.\nAs Leo sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nKristen entered the bustling, aromatic spice market in Istanbul and said to her travel companion, \"We're not in Kansas anymore.\"\n\n0. a movie\n1. a poem" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion We're not in Kansas anymore is a movie.\nIn the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz, Dorothy, a young farm girl from Kansas, finds herself in Oz, an unusual place that looks nothing like her home. She says to her dog, \"Toto, I've a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore.\"\nThe allusion We're not in Kansas anymore means we're in an unfamiliar place.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a play?\n\n0. My Fair Lady\n1. My fair Lady" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe correct title is My Fair Lady.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving faster will go a farther distance in that time. It is moving at a higher speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of two bowhead whales. Which bowhead whale was moving at a higher speed?\n\n0. a bowhead whale that moved 25miles in 5hours\n1. a bowhead whale that moved 20miles in 5hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each bowhead whale moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne bowhead whale moved 25 miles in 5 hours.\nThe other bowhead whale moved 20 miles in 5 hours.\nNotice that each bowhead whale spent the same amount of time moving. The bowhead whale that moved 25 miles moved a farther distance in that time. So, that bowhead whale must have moved at a higher speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Buck's genotype for the coat pattern gene?\n\n0. white spots\n1. aa" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Buck has two alleles for white spots (a). So, Buck's genotype for the coat pattern gene is aa.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich press release is more formal?\n\n0. On Nov. 19, musicians from all over town will battle it out in the fourth annual Jam-a-thon, happening at the amphitheater.\n1. On November 19, the Middletown Amphitheater will host area musicians vying for top honors in the fourth annual Jam-a-thon." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second press release is more formal. It uses more elevated language (area musicians, top honors). The other press release uses idioms (battle it out) and abbreviations (Nov.).\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes the sentence use a simile or a metaphor?\nZack swam with ease across the swimming pool, like a dolphin.\n\n0. simile\n1. metaphor" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Zack swam with ease across the swimming pool, like a dolphin.\nThe words Zack and dolphin are compared using the word like. So, the sentence uses a simile.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Megan inherited this trait?\n\n0. Megan has green eyes like her biological mother.\n1. Megan's neighbor has green eyes.\n2. Megan and her biological father wear sunglasses when they go outside." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a sandbox?\n\n0. 3 meters\n1. 3 centimeters\n2. 3 millimeters\n3. 3 kilometers" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a sandbox is 3 meters.\n3 millimeters and 3 centimeters are too short. 3 kilometers is too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the taiga ecosystem.\n\n0. This ecosystem has:\nwarm summers and warm winters\na rainy season and a dry season\nsoil that is poor in nutrients\n1. This ecosystem has:\nlong, cold winters and short, cool summers\nmany evergreen trees\nsoil that is poor in nutrients\n2. This ecosystem has:\nyear-round rain and warm temperatures\nsoil that is poor in nutrients\nmany different types of organisms" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A taiga is a type of ecosystem. It has long, cold winters and short, cool summers, many evergreen trees, and soil that is poor in nutrients.\nChoice 1 is a taiga ecosystem. It has many evergreen trees. It also has long, cold winters and short, cool summers.\nChoice 2 is a tropical rain forest ecosystem. It has year-round rain and soil that is poor in nutrients.\nChoice 3 is a savanna grassland ecosystem. It is covered in grasses and has a dry season and a wet season.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Amphibians have moist skin and begin their lives in water.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the amphibian.\n\n0. horned frog\n1. robin\n2. sugar glider\n3. ostrich" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A sugar glider is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nSugar gliders can jump long distances from tree to tree. They have flaps of loose skin on their sides. These flaps help them stay in the air.\nA horned frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nFrogs live near water or in damp places. Most frogs lay their eggs in water.\nA robin is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nA robin is a songbird. It sings different songs at different times of the day.\nAn ostrich is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nThe ostrich is the largest bird alive today. Ostriches cannot fly, but they can run very fast.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Clare investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Does a catapult with a longer arm launch a rubber ball farther than a catapult with a shorter arm?\n1. Does a rubber ball travel farther when launched from a metal catapult or from a wooden catapult?\n2. Does a heavier ball travel farther than a lighter ball when launched from a catapult?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true.\nThe month of July has more days than the month of June.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at a calendar and counting the number of days in each month.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nJuly is a better month than June for camping.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about which month is \"better\" for camping.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. Venice Beach lies along the western edge of Los Angeles.\n1. Venice Beach is too crowded in the summer." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence states a fact.\nVenice Beach lies along the western edge of Los Angeles.\nIt can be proved by checking a map of Los Angeles.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nVenice Beach is too crowded in the summer.\nToo crowded shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about how crowded is too crowded.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nIt is easier to forgive an enemy than to forgive a friend.\n\u2014William Blake\n\n0. apostrophe\n1. paradox" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a paradox, a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nIt is easier to forgive an enemy than to forgive a friend at first appears to be contradictory, as it should be difficult to forgive someone whom you oppose. However, there is some truth to it: it is more hurtful when your friend does something to wrong you than when your enemy does, making it harder to forgive the person close to you.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nDid you know that Stanley is back home living with his parents again and won't get a job? Gosh, millennials are such a lazy generation.\n\n0. ad hominem: an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\n1. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good\n2. hasty generalization: a broad claim based on too few observations" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Stanley living with his parents means that millennials in general are lazy. However, one millennial's behavior does not necessarily reflect the behavior of the entire generation. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a hasty generalization.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nThat's his fourth touchdown in the game!\n\n0. interrogative\n1. exclamatory" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence tells about something, but it shows surprise and ends with an exclamation point. It is an exclamatory sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is the stickiest?\n\n0. plastic beads\n1. rubber duck\n2. glue" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Sticky is a property. A sticky material easily attaches to other things.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the glue is the stickiest. If you touch wet glue, it will stick to you.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nThe number of pirates in existence decreased as the global average temperature rose. Therefore, we can conclude that hotter weather reduces piracy.\n\n0. false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\n1. slippery slope fallacy: the false assumption that a small first step will lead to extreme consequences\n2. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that an increase in the global average temperature causes less piracy. However, that's not necessarily true. The fact that piracy decreased as global average temperature increased does not mean that hotter weather reduces piracy. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as false causation.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nCarrie has a scar on her right hand.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Birdie's genotype for the leg color gene?\n\n0. Ll\n1. white legs" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Birdie has one allele for white legs (L) and one allele for yellow legs (l). So, Birdie's genotype for the leg color gene is Ll.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. barn\n1. turn\n2. burn" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words turn and burn rhyme. They both end with the urn sound.\nThe word barn does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nGive praise with the rasp and sizzle of crickets, katydids and cicadas,\nGive praise with hum of bees,\nGive praise with the little peepers who live near water.\n\u2014Anne Porter, \"A List of Praises\"\n\n0. chiasmus\n1. anaphora" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses anaphora, the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nPorter repeats the words give praise at the beginning of each clause.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nwe - wink\n\n0. waiter\n1. whom" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince whom is between the guide words we - wink, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. Living things use this energy to grow and change. All living things grow and change during their lives.\nAll living things sense changes in the world around them. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the living thing.\n\n0. boa\n1. rainboot" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A boa is a living thing.\nBoas grow and respond to the world around them. They need food and water.\nA rainboot is not a living thing.\nRainboots do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to the world around them. They do not need food or water.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ncar - coupon\n\n0. cure\n1. chore" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince chore is between the guide words car - coupon, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word literally in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Justine adores the classic Renaissance style of the Rialto Bridge in Venice. She was surprised to learn that the bridge remains functional even though it is literally hundreds of years old.\n1. Justine adores the classic Renaissance style of the Rialto Bridge in Venice. She was surprised to learn that the bridge remains functional even though it is literally a million years old." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second text uses literally in its traditional sense: in a factual, non-exaggerated way.\nJustine adores the classic Renaissance style of the Rialto Bridge in Venice. She was surprised to learn that the bridge remains functional even though it is literally hundreds of years old.\nThe first text uses literally in its nontraditional sense: nearly or in effect (often exaggerated). The bridge is old, but it is not actually a million years old.\nJustine adores the classic Renaissance style of the Rialto Bridge in Venice. She was surprised to learn that the bridge remains functional even though it is literally a million years old.\nMost style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word literally because it is generally considered incorrect.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the idiom in this text suggest?\nShelley has a lot on her plate: she is attending college, has a full-time job as a waitress, and volunteers at the animal shelter.\n\n0. Shelley has many responsibilities.\n1. Shelley has worked up an appetite." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom a lot on her plate suggests that Shelley has many responsibilities. If you have a lot on your plate, you are busy with many different obligations.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word terribly in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Cole shivered terribly as he gazed at the snow-clad slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent.\n1. Cole shivered as he gazed at the terribly steep, snowy slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second text uses terribly in its traditional sense: in a terrible manner.\nCole shivered terribly as he gazed at the snow-clad slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent.\nThe first text uses terribly in its nontraditional sense: extremely; very.\nCole shivered as he gazed at the terribly steep, snowy slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word terribly because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Humans have invented many ways to use natural resources. We use energy from natural resources in our daily activities, including cooking food, moving objects, and powering machines.\nSome ways of using natural resources for energy add to air pollution, and others do not.\nWood, oil, and coal are examples of natural resources that are fuels. Burning a fuel provides energy. But it also releases chemicals that can be harmful to our health and to the environment. These chemicals add to air pollution.\nSunlight, wind, and water are natural resources that can provide energy. Using energy from the Sun, wind, or water does not burn material. These uses of energy do not release chemicals that add to air pollution.\n\nQuestion:\nBelow are three examples of using energy from natural resources. Select the use of energy that did not add to air pollution.\n\n0. Wood burned in a fire, cooking vegetables.\n1. Flowing water carried a girl in an inflatable tube down a river.\n2. A candle burned paraffin, a wax made from petroleum oil." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Ted decides to get the pumpkin spice ice cream. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Ted will get to eat the pumpkin spice ice cream. He likes this flavor more than vanilla bean.\n1. Ted will give up the chance to get a free waffle cone. He would have enjoyed the waffle cone." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Ted wants or needs:\nTed will give up the chance to get a free waffle cone. He would have enjoyed the waffle cone.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the invertebrate.\n\n0. woodpecker\n1. ladybug\n2. red-headed poison frog\n3. wombat" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A ladybug is an insect. Like other insects, a ladybug is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA woodpecker is a bird. Like other birds, a woodpecker is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA red-headed poison frog is an amphibian. Like other amphibians, a red-headed poison frog is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA wombat is a mammal. Like other mammals, a wombat is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich pot of spaghetti sauce has more thermal energy?\n\n0. the hotter pot of spaghetti sauce\n1. the colder pot of spaghetti sauce" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two pots of spaghetti sauce are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the hotter pot of spaghetti sauce has more thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the allusion in this text suggest?\nWhen Elise claimed she had loaded the dishwasher before turning on Dancing with the Stars, her mother replied, \"Your nose is growing!\"\n\n0. Elise was trustworthy.\n1. Elise was lying." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nThe allusion nose is growing suggests that Elise was lying. In the story of Pinocchio, when Pinocchio lies, his nose grows longer.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Ben acquired this trait?\n\n0. Ben is most interested in American history.\n1. Ben learned history by reading." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Maura inherited this trait?\n\n0. Maura and her father both have dark hair.\n1. Maura's parents have dark skin. They passed down this trait to Maura." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's velocity describes its speed and its direction.\nAn object has a constant velocity when neither its speed nor its direction is changing. So, an object has a constant velocity when the object is:\nmoving in a straight line at a constant speed, or\nremaining motionless.\nIf an object does not have a constant velocity, the object is accelerating. An object is accelerating when either its speed or its direction is changing. So, an object is accelerating when the object is:\nspeeding up,\nslowing down, or\nchanging direction.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich statement describes the driftwood's motion?\n\n0. The driftwood has a constant velocity.\n1. The driftwood is accelerating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The driftwood is moving in a straight line at a constant speed. So, the driftwood has a constant velocity.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Brad acquired this trait?\n\n0. Brad was not born knowing how to identify different fish. He had to learn this skill.\n1. Brad has two pet fish. The fish live in a fish tank together." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a movie?\n\n0. \"White House Down\"\n1. ***White House Down***" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A movie should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **White House Down**.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the idiom in this text suggest?\nSophia submitted her suggestions to Chad; now the ball is in his court.\n\n0. Chad needs to act next.\n1. Chad feels like playing or relaxing, not working." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom the ball is in his court suggests that Chad needs to act next. In tennis, when the ball is in a player's court, it is that person's turn.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Emmet inherited this trait?\n\n0. Emmet likes to wear a blue sweater to match his blue eyes.\n1. Emmet's mother has blue eyes. She passed this trait down to Emmet." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the temperature of the air inside of a classroom?\n\n0. 70\u00b0C\n1. 70\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the temperature of the air inside of a classroom is 70\u00b0F.\n70\u00b0C is too hot.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word nauseous in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Victoria couldn't tolerate the nauseous odor emanating from the landfill, so she rolled up her car windows as she drove past.\n1. The odor emanating from the landfill made Victoria so nauseous that she had to roll up the car windows as she drove past." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses nauseous in its traditional sense: causing disgust or nausea.\nVictoria couldn't tolerate the nauseous odor emanating from the landfill, so she rolled up her car windows as she drove past.\nThe second text uses nauseous in its nontraditional sense: feeling disgusted or nauseated.\nThe odor emanating from the landfill made Victoria so nauseous that she had to roll up the car windows as she drove past.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word nauseous because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a complete sentence?\n\n0. At the hospital, all the doctors and nurses work hard.\n1. Mom drank coffee and milk, I had tea." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "At the hospital, all the doctors and nurses work hard is a complete sentence. The subject is all the doctors and nurses, and the verb is work.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms that carry out photosynthesis are called photosynthetic organisms. During photosynthesis, these organisms use light energy, carbon dioxide, and water to produce sugars and oxygen.\nPhotosynthetic organisms also often have the following characteristics:\nThey are producers, which are organisms that make their own food inside their cells. Because producers make their own food, they typically do not eat other organisms.\nTheir cells contain chloroplasts, which are cell structures where photosynthesis occurs.\nTheir chloroplasts often contain a green substance called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll captures light energy from the Sun to power photosynthesis.\nThey use the sugars they produce during photosynthesis as food. This food provides energy that helps the organisms live, grow, and reproduce.\n\nQuestion:\nUse the evidence in the text to select the photosynthetic organism.\n\n0. Echidnas are egg-laying mammals. An echidna is covered in spines and has a long snout that it uses to eat ants and termites.\n1. Yucca plants have long, sharp leaves. These leaves have a waxy covering. Yucca plants use carbon dioxide and water to make their food." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This organism is photosynthetic:\nThe text tells you that yucca plants use carbon dioxide and water to make food. This is evidence that the yucca plant is a photosynthetic organism.\nThis organism is not photosynthetic:\nThe text does not provide evidence that the echidna is photosynthetic.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the animal.\n\n0. Rose bushes can grow colorful flowers.\n1. Mangrove trees have wide green leaves.\n2. Albatrosses walk, fly, and swim.\n3. Strawberry bushes have green leaves." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A mangrove tree is a plant. It has wide green leaves.\nMangrove trees grow in salty water near oceans and seas.\nA strawberry bush is a plant. It has green leaves.\nThe type of strawberries most people eat today were first grown in the 1750 s.\nA rose bush is a plant. It can grow colorful flowers.\nMost rose bushes have sharp thorns. The thorns help protect the rose bush from being eaten by animals.\nAn albatross is an animal. It walks, flies, and swims.\nAn albatross is a bird. It lives near the ocean and eats fish.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nLiz throws the ball into the hoop.\n\n0. past tense\n1. future tense\n2. present tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, throws. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word factoid in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Hassan seemed to know a lot about African wildlife, but it turned out that his knowledge was mostly based on factoids gleaned from unreliable websites.\n1. Hassan subscribed to an online newsletter about African wildlife; he enjoyed receiving daily factoids about the wild animals' natural habitats and behavior." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses factoid in its traditional sense: something made up presented as a true fact.\nHassan seemed to know a lot about African wildlife, but it turned out that his knowledge was mostly based on factoids gleaned from unreliable websites.\nThe second text uses factoid in its nontraditional sense: a trivial but true fact.\nHassan subscribed to an online newsletter about African wildlife; he enjoyed receiving daily factoids about the wild animals' natural habitats and behavior.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word factoid because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the least thermal energy?\n\n0. a 3-kilogram block of steel at a temperature of 68\u00b0F\n1. a 3-kilogram block of steel at a temperature of 66\u00b0F\n2. a 3-kilogram block of steel at a temperature of 112\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All three blocks of steel have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 66\u00b0F block is the coldest, it has the least thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nSophia has a scar on her left ankle.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nbutter melting on a hot day\nsediment settling to the bottom of a muddy puddle\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are caused by heating.\n2. Both are chemical changes.\n3. Both are only physical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nButter melting on a hot day is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The butter changes from solid to liquid, but it is still made of the same type of matter.\nLoose matter such as sand and dirt is called sediment. Sediment settling to the bottom of a muddy puddle is a physical change.\nThe sediment sinks, and the water above becomes clearer. This separates the water from the sediment. But separating a mixture does not form a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nButter melting on a hot day is caused by heating. But sediment settling to the bottom of a muddy puddle is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. When paper gets hot enough, it reacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, ice melting is a physical change. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nPouring milk on oatmeal is a ().\n\n0. physical change\n1. chemical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Pouring milk on oatmeal is a physical change. The oatmeal and milk form a creamy mixture. But making this mixture does not form a different type of matter.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nIt has not rained in over a week at Luna's house.\n\n0. weather\n1. climate" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nIt has not rained in over a week at Luna's house.\nThis passage tells you about the precipitation last week at Luna's house. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word blot on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nbeef - bolt\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince blot is between the guide words beef - bolt, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Joy investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do sunflowers grow taller if they are planted in planter boxes or in pots?\n1. Do sunflowers grow bigger in sunny planter boxes or in shady planter boxes?\n2. Which type of sunflower grows more leaves?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell.\nAll living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change.\nAll living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the living thing.\n\n0. coral\n1. globe\n2. the Great Sphinx of Giza\n3. cell phone" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A cell phone is not a living thing.\nA cell phone does not have all the traits of a living thing. It does many useful things, and even responds to the world around it. But it does not grow. It does not need food or water.\nThe Great Sphinx of Giza is not a living thing.\nThe Great Sphinx of Giza is a statue of a mythical sphinx, a creature with a lion's body and a human head. The Great Sphinx does not have all of the traits of a living thing. It does not grow or respond to the world around it. It does not need food or water.\nA coral is a living thing.\nCorals grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Corals are made up of many cells.\nCorals are animals that live in the ocean. Most corals grow in warm water.\nA globe is not a living thing.\nGlobes do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Solid and liquid are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own.\nSome solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break.\nA glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container.\nThink about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space.\nJuice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the solid.\n\n0. gold bracelet\n1. milk\n2. wet paint" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a book?\n\n0. Hair for Mama\n1. Hair for mama" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word for is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is Hair for Mama.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a large soup pot?\n\n0. 12 milliliters\n1. 12 liters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of a large soup pot is 12 liters.\n12 milliliters is too little.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one animal that has all of the arachnid traits listed above.\n\n0. Earthworms live in soil and have no limbs. Their bodies are soft, cylindrical, and made up of many segments.\n1. Castor bean ticks have a hard exoskeleton, eight legs, and no antennae. They feed on blood from mammals, including deer and people." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nArachnids have the following traits:\nThey have eight legs.\nThey have an exoskeleton.\nThey have no antennae.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA castor bean tick has the following traits:\nIt has eight legs.\nIt has an exoskeleton.\nIt has no antennae.\nA castor bean tick has the traits of an arachnid. A castor bean tick is an arachnid.\nAn earthworm has the following traits:\nIt has a soft, cylindrical body.\nIt has no limbs.\nIt is made up of segments.\nAn earthworm does not have all of the traits of an arachnid. An earthworm is a segmented worm.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a simple sentence?\n\n0. China grows most of the wheat in the world.\n1. Mrs. Thornton plants flower seeds, and they blossom in the spring." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is the simple sentence. It has one subject and predicate.\nChina grows most of the wheat in the world.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nEddie remarked that the new book on anti-gravity was impossible to put down.\n\n0. pun\n1. allusion" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a pun, a word or phrase that humorously suggests more than one meaning.\nImpossible to put down means that the book is so good that it is hard to stop reading. The phrase impossible to put down is also a joke about anti-gravity: if gravity pulls things down, perhaps anti-gravity does the opposite and makes them impossible to put down.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought.\nRehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing a subject. It doesn't tell who is rehearsing.\nThe band I'm in.\nThis fragment is missing a verb. It doesn't tell what the band I'm in is doing.\nBecause we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing an independent clause. It doesn't tell what happened because of the concert.\n\nQuestion:\nIs there a sentence fragment?\nObon is a traditional Japanese Buddhist festival. Because the festival honors the spirits of family members who have died, many people spend it with family and friends.\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There is not a sentence fragment. These are complete sentences because they express complete thoughts.\nObon is a traditional Japanese Buddhist festival. Because the festival honors the spirits of family members who have died, many people spend it with family and friends.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Will inherited this trait?\n\n0. Will's mother has blue eyes. She passed this trait down to Will.\n1. Will likes to wear a blue sweater to match his blue eyes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nMegan will ride horses on the ranch.\n\n0. future tense\n1. past tense\n2. present tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, ride. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has less thermal energy?\n\n0. a 300-gram mug of cocoa at a temperature of 35\u00b0C\n1. a 300-gram mug of cocoa at a temperature of 30\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two mugs of cocoa have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 30\u00b0C mug of cocoa is colder than the 35\u00b0C mug of cocoa, it has less thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich organ pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs and oxygen-rich blood to other body organs?\n\n0. skin\n1. heart\n2. skeleton\n3. brain" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Florence investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do larger basketballs bounce higher than smaller basketballs on a brick patio?\n1. Does the basketball bounce higher on a lawn or on a dirt path?\n2. Does the basketball bounce higher on gravel or on grass?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Akira inherited this trait?\n\n0. Akira's parents have dark skin. They passed down this trait to Akira.\n1. Akira and her father both have dark hair." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one substance that is not a mineral.\n\n0. Fluorite is a pure substance. It is formed in nature.\n1. Wool is not a pure substance. It is a solid.\n2. Baryte is a pure substance. It is formed in nature." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nBaryte is a mineral.\nWool is not a pure substance. But all minerals are pure substances.\nSo, wool is not a mineral.\nFluorite is a mineral.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Fish live underwater. They have fins, not limbs.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the fish.\n\n0. wombat\n1. cobra\n2. American toad\n3. giant moray" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An American toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nToads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole.\nA giant moray is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nEels are long and thin. They may have small fins. They look like snakes, but they are fish!\nA cobra is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nMost cobras have a wide, flat hood below their head. A cobra can display its hood to scare away a predator.\nA wombat is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nWombats have strong claws on their front feet. They use their claws to dig underground holes called burrows.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Some words are alike. They go together in a group.\nRed, blue, and green go together. They are colors.\nMom, dad, grandma, and grandpa go together. They are people in a family.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word is not like the others?\n\n0. girl\n1. duck\n2. hen\n3. chicken" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Hen, chicken, and duck go together. They are birds. Girl is not a bird, so it is not like the other words.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nAs Noah sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.\n\n0. simple\n1. compound-complex\n2. compound\n3. complex" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is complex. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction as.\nAs Noah sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the animal.\n\n0. Penguins walk and swim.\n1. Almond trees can grow many small flowers." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An almond tree is a plant. It can grow many small flowers.\nAlmonds were first grown by people living near the Mediterranean Sea.\nA penguin is an animal. It walks and swims.\nA penguin is a bird that lives near water. Penguins cannot fly! They use their wings to swim.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nLeon's leaving his job? That's old news. He's been planning that for months.\n\n0. chiasmus\n1. oxymoron" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nOld news is a contradiction, because news is recent information.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nNatalie can play the banjo.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People are not born knowing how to play the banjo. Instead, some people learn how to play. So, playing the banjo is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nDoes Cora have any hobbies?\n\n0. declarative\n1. interrogative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence asks something, and it ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Anne inherited this trait?\n\n0. Anne's neighbor has green eyes.\n1. Anne and her biological father wear sunglasses when they go outside.\n2. Anne has green eyes like her biological mother." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Andrew decides to take a trip to Georgia. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Andrew will save some money. Plane tickets for Andrew to get to Georgia are less expensive than tickets to California.\n1. Andrew will give up the chance to go to California. He would have enjoyed a trip to California more than Georgia." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Andrew wants or needs:\nAndrew will give up the chance to go to California. He would have enjoyed a trip to California more than Georgia.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.\n\nQuestion:\nIs a loaf of bread a good or a service?\n\n0. a good\n1. a service" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide whether a loaf of bread is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs a loaf of bread something you can touch? Yes.\nIs a loaf of bread a job you might pay someone else to do? No.\nSo, a loaf of bread is a good.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the plant.\n\n0. Barn owls walk and fly.\n1. Catfish swim underwater.\n2. Aloe vera has spiny leaves.\n3. Toucans eat mostly fruit." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Aloe vera is a plant. It has spiny leaves.\nAloe vera leaves contain a watery liquid. People use this liquid in lotion and medicine.\nA barn owl is an animal. It walks and flies.\nA barn owl is a bird. Barn owls live on every continent except Antarctica.\nA toucan is an animal. It eats mostly fruit.\nA toucan is a bird with a large beak. A toucan's beak can be half as long as its body!\nA catfish is an animal. It swims underwater.\nA catfish is a fish. Unlike most other fish, catfish do not have scales! They have slimy skin.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nerosion caused by wind\nshaking up salad dressing\n\n0. Both are only physical changes.\n1. Both are caused by cooling.\n2. Both are chemical changes.\n3. Both are caused by heating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nErosion caused by wind is a physical change. The wind carries away tiny pieces of rock. But the pieces of rock do not become a different type of matter.\nShaking up salad dressing is a physical change. The different parts mix together, but they are still made of the same type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Dear Ms. Warren,\n1. Dear ms. Warren," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Ms. Warren is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long does it take to put on your seat belt?\n\n0. 5 seconds\n1. 5 minutes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for how long it takes to put on your seat belt is 5 seconds.\n5 minutes is too slow.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Maya inherited this trait?\n\n0. Maya's hair is the same color as her brown eyes.\n1. Maya's father has brown eyes. He passed this trait down to Maya." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\n\nQuestion:\nLast year, there were seven men's clothing stores on Main Street in Burlington. This year, there are only three. What probably happened to the overall supply of men's shirts in Burlington?\n\n0. The supply probably went up.\n1. The supply probably went down." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "When four men's clothing stores closed on Main Street, the number of suppliers went down. There were fewer stores selling men's shirts. So, the supply of men's shirts probably went down.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Dillon acquired this trait?\n\n0. Dillon can cook food over a fire.\n1. Dillon learned how to build a fire at summer camp." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\n\"You might think you'll always be young,\" Mrs. Osborne counseled, \"but time ()\".\n\n0. affects everyone\n1. creeps up on you" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Complete the sentence with the phrase creeps up on you. It describes time as if it were a sneaky person.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nburning a candle\nburning a marshmallow over a campfire\n\n0. Both are only physical changes.\n1. Both are caused by heating.\n2. Both are caused by cooling." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nBurning a candle is a chemical change. Both the wick and the melted wax burn. They react with oxygen in the air and turn into soot, carbon dioxide, and water.\nBurning a marshmallow is a chemical change. The heat from the fire causes the type of matter in the marshmallow to change. The marshmallow becomes black and crispy.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBoth changes are caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich change better matches the sentence?\nThe farms in an area get covered by water after heavy rain.\n\n0. earthquake\n1. flood" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this plant's phenotype for the leaf texture trait?\n\n0. smooth leaves\n1. fuzzy leaves" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The summer squash plant's genotype for the leaf texture gene is LL. The summer squash plant's genotype of LL has only L allelles. The L allele is for fuzzy leaves. So, the summer squash plant's phenotype for the leaf texture trait must be fuzzy leaves.\nTo check this answer, consider whether the summer squash plant's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for fuzzy leaves (L) is dominant over the allele for smooth leaves (l). This means L is a dominant allele, and l is a recessive allele.\nThe summer squash plant's genotype of LL has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, the summer squash plant's phenotype for the leaf texture trait must be fuzzy leaves.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has less thermal energy?\n\n0. a pot of spaghetti sauce at a temperature of 145\u00b0F\n1. a pot of spaghetti sauce at a temperature of 185\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two pots of spaghetti sauce have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 145\u00b0F pot of spaghetti sauce is colder than the 185\u00b0F pot of spaghetti sauce, it has less thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this plant's phenotype for the thorns trait?\n\n0. having thorns\n1. not having thorns" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You need to determine the rose plant's phenotype for the thorns trait. First, consider the alleles in the plant's genotype for the thorns gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for having thorns (R) is dominant over the allele for not having thorns (r). This means R is a dominant allele, and r is a recessive allele.\nThe rose plant's genotype of Rr has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, the rose plant's phenotype for the thorns trait must be having thorns.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text message is more formal?\n\n0. Ms. Walton is already here. She's waiting in the lobby.\n1. Heads up! Walton is here. In the lobby." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text message is more formal. It uses complete sentences, avoids slang (heads up), and uses the person's title (Ms. Walton). The other text message includes more casual language and sentence fragments.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nI wondered why the baseball was getting bigger, and then suddenly it hit me.\n\n0. personification\n1. pun" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a pun, a word or phrase that humorously suggests more than one meaning.\nIt hit me means that the ball struck me. It also means that I suddenly realized why the ball was getting bigger.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "According to Newton's third law, for every force, there is an equal and opposite force. This means that if one object is applying a force on a second object, the second object must also be applying a force on the first object, but in the opposite direction.\nFor example, if your hand is pushing down on a table, the table is also pushing up on your hand. Or, if you are pulling forward on a rope, the rope is also pulling back on you.\n\nQuestion:\nAccording to Newton's third law, what other force must be happening?\n\n0. The International Space Station is pushing on Earth.\n1. The International Space Station is pulling on Earth." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Earth is pulling on the International Space Station. So, Newton's third law tells you that the International Space Station is pulling on Earth.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell.\nAll living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change.\nAll living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the living thing.\n\n0. barn owl\n1. helicopter\n2. snowman\n3. ferris wheel" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A helicopter is not a living thing.\nA helicopter does not have all the traits of a living thing. It needs energy to fly, but it does not eat food. Helicopters get energy from gasoline or other fuel. They do not grow.\nA snowman is not a living thing.\nA snowman does not have all the traits of a living thing. It is shaped like a person. But it does not need food.\nA ferris wheel is not a living thing.\nA ferris wheel does not have all the traits of a living thing. It moves in a circle, but it does not grow. It does not need food or water.\nA barn owl is a living thing.\nBarn owls grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Barn owls are made up of many cells.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nwait - wound\n\n0. wrote\n1. we" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince we is between the guide words wait - wound, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a complete sentence?\n\n0. Mom announced her new job to our family.\n1. Puts the towel back in the bathroom." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Mom announced her new job to our family is a complete sentence. The subject is Mom, and the verb is announced.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Dear Samuel,\n1. Dear samuel," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Samuel is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Belle decides to plant the morning glories. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. She will save some space. The morning glories will use up less space than the hickory tree would have used up.\n1. Belle will give up the chance to look at the hickory tree. She thinks it would have looked more beautiful than the morning glories." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Belle wants or needs:\nBelle will give up the chance to look at the hickory tree. She thinks it would have looked more beautiful than the morning glories.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich fish tank has a lower temperature?\n\n0. the fish tank with more thermal energy\n1. the fish tank with less thermal energy" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two fish tanks are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the fish tank with less thermal energy has a lower temperature.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nKirk has naturally dark skin.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Humans do not choose their skin color. Babies get their skin color from their parents. So, Kirk's skin color is an inherited trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nI don't trust Professor Harrell's findings. Another researcher at her university was caught falsifying data. So, it's likely Professor Harrell has, too.\n\n0. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something\n1. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct\n2. slippery slope fallacy: the false assumption that a small first step will lead to extreme consequences" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Professor Harrell's research is untrustworthy because someone else at her university was caught falsifying data. However, this isn't necessarily true. The practices of one researcher at a university do not necessarily reflect the practices of another researcher at the same university. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement and always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn imperative sentence makes a request or a demand and usually ends with a period. If a demand shows strong feeling, it can end with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn interrogative sentence asks a question and always ends with a question mark.\nGiven the recent critiques of her new strategic plan, do you think the CEO will reconsider the company's direction?\nAn exclamatory sentence is a statement that shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamation always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nMadelyn felt intimidated by the steep cliff that she faced on her first rock-climbing adventure.\n\n0. interrogative\n1. declarative\n2. exclamatory" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is a statement and ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word stalk on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nsnap - soar\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince stalk is not between the guide words snap - soar, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Gary's brother Ryan wondered whether Gary ran fast enough to qualify for the Boston Marathon.\n1. Gary's brother Ryan wondered whether he ran fast enough to qualify for the Boston Marathon." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun he could refer to Gary or Ryan.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. He has been replaced with Gary.\nGary's brother Ryan wondered whether Gary ran fast enough to qualify for the Boston Marathon.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich would stretch more?\n\n0. metal hair clip\n1. gum" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Stretchy is a property. A stretchy material gets longer when you pull on it.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pulling on the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the gum would stretch more. If you pull on soft chewing gum, it will get longer.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is more flexible?\n\n0. glass window\n1. styrofoam packing peanuts" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Flexible is a property. A flexible material can be bent without breaking easily.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine bending the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the styrofoam packing peanuts are more flexible. If you gently bend styrofoam packing peanuts, they will not break.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nSophia told her friends that Aaron was a typical Peter Pan type.\n\n0. Greek mythology\n1. literature" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Peter Pan is literature.\nIn a J. M. Barrie novel, the character Peter Pan retreats to Neverland and refuses to grow up.\nThe allusion Peter Pan means a person who won't take on adult responsibilities.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nMaking lemonade is a ().\n\n0. physical change\n1. chemical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Making lemonade is a physical change. The sugar, water, and lemon juice are mixed together. But they do not change into different types of matter.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a parking space?\n\n0. 23 feet\n1. 23 yards\n2. 23 miles\n3. 23 inches" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a parking space is 23 feet.\n23 inches is too short. 23 yards and 23 miles are too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this Channel catfish's genotype for the body color gene?\n\n0. a white body\n1. bb" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. The Channel catfish has two alleles for a white body (b). So, the catfish's genotype for the body color gene is bb.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\na copper statue turning green\nboiling sugar to make caramel\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are chemical changes.\n2. Both are only physical changes.\n3. Both are caused by heating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nA copper statue turning green is a chemical change. The copper reacts with oxygen in the air. This reaction forms a different type of matter called copper oxide. The copper oxide is green.\nBoiling sugar to make caramel is a chemical change. The heat causes the sugar to change into a different type of matter. Unlike sugar, the new matter is brown and sticky.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBoiling sugar is caused by heating. But a copper statue turning green is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tennis ball has more thermal energy?\n\n0. the colder tennis ball\n1. the hotter tennis ball" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two tennis balls are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the hotter tennis ball has more thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word can in its traditional sense?\n\n0. As they observed the animals on the open grassland, the wildlife photographer said to Nicholas, \"Did you know that cheetahs can run as fast as seventy-five miles per hour?\"\n1. As they observed the cheetahs on the open grassland, the wildlife photographer said to Nicholas, \"You can borrow my camera if you want.\"" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses can in its traditional sense: to have the ability to.\nAs they observed the animals on the open grassland, the wildlife photographer said to Nicholas, \"Did you know that cheetahs can run as fast as seventy-five miles per hour?\"\nThe second text uses can in its nontraditional sense: to have permission to.\nAs they observed the cheetahs on the open grassland, the wildlife photographer said to Nicholas, \"You can borrow my camera if you want.\"\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word can because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one animal that has all of the crustacean traits listed above.\n\n0. Caribbean spiny lobsters have two pairs of antennae. Their antennae can be longer than the rest of their body! Caribbean spiny lobsters also have an exoskeleton.\n1. White-spotted octopuses have tentacles, which are also called arms. White-spotted octopuses can use their tentacles to reach between corals and grab fish. These octopuses have a soft red body with white spots." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nCrustaceans have the following traits:\nThey have two pairs of antennae.\nThey have an exoskeleton.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA white-spotted octopus has the following traits:\nIt has a soft body.\nIt has tentacles.\nA white-spotted octopus does not have all of the traits of a crustacean. A white-spotted octopus is a mollusk.\nA Caribbean spiny lobster has the following traits:\nIt has two pairs of antennae.\nIt has an exoskeleton.\nA Caribbean spiny lobster has the traits of a crustacean. A Caribbean spiny lobster is a crustacean.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nManuel is good at cooking.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People are not born knowing how to cook. Instead, many people learn how to cook. So, cooking is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has more thermal energy?\n\n0. a 7-kilogram block of iron at a temperature of 180\u00b0C\n1. a 7-kilogram block of iron at a temperature of 190\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two blocks of iron have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 190\u00b0C block is hotter than the 180\u00b0C block, it has more thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\na copper statue turning green\nusing polish to remove tarnish from a silver spoon\n\n0. Both are caused by heating.\n1. Both are chemical changes.\n2. Both are caused by cooling.\n3. Both are only physical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nA copper statue turning green is a chemical change. The copper reacts with oxygen in the air. This reaction forms a different type of matter called copper oxide. The copper oxide is green.\nA tarnished silver spoon is one that has become less shiny over time. Polishing the spoon makes it look shiny again.\nThe polish changes the tarnish into a different type of matter that can be easily wiped away. So, using polish to remove tarnish from silver is a chemical change.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the personification in this text suggest?\nAlvin tried to ignore his unfinished essay, but it glared at him from across the room.\n\n0. Alvin thought he was being watched.\n1. It bothered Alvin that the essay wasn't finished." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses personification, giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nGlared at him suggests that it bothered Alvin that the essay wasn't finished. The essay is like a person who is bothering Alvin.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the temperature of the air inside of a refrigerator?\n\n0. 3\u00b0C\n1. 3\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the temperature of the air inside of a refrigerator is 3\u00b0C.\n3\u00b0F is too cold.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich watermelon has a higher temperature?\n\n0. the watermelon with less thermal energy\n1. the watermelon with more thermal energy" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two watermelons are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the watermelon with more thermal energy has a higher temperature.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich organ tells other organs what to do?\n\n0. heart\n1. brain\n2. stomach" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ndance - did\n\n0. deal\n1. duck" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince deal is between the guide words dance - did, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Rudy inherited this trait?\n\n0. Rudy's biological father has curly hair.\n1. Rudy and his biological parents have brown hair.\n2. Rudy's coworker also has curly hair." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the fastest will go the farthest distance in that time. It is moving at the highest speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of three ducks. Which duck was moving at the highest speed?\n\n0. a duck that moved 565kilometers west in 10hours\n1. a duck that moved 975kilometers south in 10hours\n2. a duck that moved 860kilometers east in 10hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each duck moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each duck moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each duck moved for 10 hours. The duck that moved 975 kilometers moved the farthest distance in that time. So, that duck must have moved at the highest speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich announcement is more formal?\n\n0. The Oakdale Law Firm is so happy to tell you . . .\n1. The Oakdale Law Firm is pleased to announce . . ." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second announcement is more formal. It uses more elevated language (pleased to announce). The other announcement sounds more conversational (so happy).\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich gold bar has a higher temperature?\n\n0. the gold bar with more thermal energy\n1. the gold bar with less thermal energy" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two gold bars are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the gold bar with more thermal energy has a higher temperature.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. The paper changes into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nIce melting is also a physical change. When ice melts, it changes from a solid to a liquid. But both ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water! This kind of change is called a change of state.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nSlicing cheese is a ().\n\n0. chemical change\n1. physical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Slicing cheese is a physical change. The cheese changes shape. But it is still made of the same type of matter.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. The pirates buried the treasure chest, but some sailors soon found it.\n1. Nellie will change the batteries in the radio tomorrow." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction but.\nThe pirates buried the treasure chest, but some sailors soon found it.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nan old sandwich rotting in a trashcan\nusing polish to remove tarnish from a silver spoon\n\n0. Both are chemical changes.\n1. Both are only physical changes.\n2. Both are caused by heating.\n3. Both are caused by cooling." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nA sandwich rotting is a chemical change. The matter in the sandwich breaks down and slowly turns into a different type of matter.\nA tarnished silver spoon is one that has become less shiny over time. Polishing the spoon makes it look shiny again.\nThe polish changes the tarnish into a different type of matter that can be easily wiped away. So, using polish to remove tarnish from silver is a chemical change.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nAn avid reader, Percy attends weekly book club meetings, and he finishes several novels every month.\n\n0. complex\n1. simple\n2. compound\n3. compound-complex" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is compound. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction and.\nAn avid reader, Percy attends weekly book club meetings, and he finishes several novels every month.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nDoes Regan prefer pizza or pasta?\n\n0. declarative\n1. interrogative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence asks something, and it ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nimagine - irrigation\n\n0. inch\n1. ignore" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince inch is between the guide words imagine - irrigation, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the ip sound.\nThe words lake and make rhyme. They both end with the ake sound.\nThe words tip and lake don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. pipe\n1. win\n2. thin" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words thin and win rhyme. They both end with the in sound.\nThe word pipe does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a small measuring spoon?\n\n0. 5 milliliters\n1. 5 liters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of a small measuring spoon is 5 milliliters.\n5 liters is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement.\nSilver bromide is ().\n\n0. an elementary substance\n1. a compound" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You can tell whether silver bromide is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for silver bromide, AgBr, contains two atomic symbols: Ag for silver and Br for bromine. So, the formula tells you that silver bromide is composed of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSince silver bromide is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, silver bromide is a compound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. They predicted afternoon thunderstorms, but the sky remained clear all day.\n1. The meteorologists predicted afternoon thunderstorms, but the sky remained clear all day." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun they is used without its antecedent.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. They has been replaced with the meteorologists.\nThe meteorologists predicted afternoon thunderstorms, but the sky remained clear all day.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a complex sentence?\n\n0. The detour took us across the bridge and along the one-lane road by the river.\n1. Ruben prepared a receipt for the customer while Mateo packaged her items for her." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction while.\nRuben prepared a receipt for the customer while Mateo packaged her items for her.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Jeffrey decides to see the zebras. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Jeffrey will enjoy seeing the zebras more than he would have enjoyed seeing the gibbons.\n1. Jeffrey will spend more time walking to the zebras. They are on the other side of the zoo, but the gibbons are close by." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Jeffrey wants or needs:\nJeffrey will spend more time walking to the zebras. They are on the other side of the zoo, but the gibbons are close by.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Lola decides to make cream of mushroom soup. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. The cream of mushroom soup will be tastier than the minestrone soup would have been.\n1. Lola will spend more time making the cream of mushroom soup than she would have spent making the minestrone soup." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Lola wants or needs:\nLola will spend more time making the cream of mushroom soup than she would have spent making the minestrone soup.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nWhich presidential candidate do you think won the debate last night?\n\n0. interrogative\n1. imperative\n2. declarative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence asks something, and it ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Nolan acquired this trait?\n\n0. Nolan's neighbor taught him how to repair a kite.\n1. Nolan likes to fly a kite with his younger brother.\n2. Nolan's friend taught him how to fly a kite." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Humans have invented many ways to use natural resources. We use energy from natural resources in our daily activities, including cooking food, moving objects, and powering machines.\nSome ways of using natural resources for energy add to air pollution, and others do not.\nWood, oil, and coal are examples of natural resources that are fuels. Burning a fuel provides energy. But it also releases chemicals that can be harmful to our health and to the environment. These chemicals add to air pollution.\nSunlight, wind, and water are natural resources that can provide energy. Using energy from the Sun, wind, or water does not burn material. These uses of energy do not release chemicals that add to air pollution.\n\nQuestion:\nBelow are three examples of using energy from natural resources. Select the use of energy that did not add to air pollution.\n\n0. A wood-burning oven was used to bake a pizza.\n1. The engine on a container ship burned fuel made from petroleum oil.\n2. A river's flowing water carried logs downstream to a sawmill." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nDarnel spoke at the city council meeting, claiming the new recycling regulations were draconian.\n\n0. a fable\n1. Greek history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion draconian is Greek history.\nDraco, a government official in seventh-century Athens, Greece, wrote a code of laws that called for severe punishments for even minor offenses.\nThe allusion draconian means harsh.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word people on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\npattern - plot\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince people is between the guide words pattern - plot, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement.\nZirconium is ().\n\n0. a compound\n1. an elementary substance" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You can tell whether zirconium is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of symbols in its chemical formula. A symbol contains either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for zirconium is Zr. This formula contains one symbol: Zr. So, the formula tells you that zirconium is made of one chemical element.\nSubstances made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. So, zirconium is an elementary substance.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a complete sentence?\n\n0. Aunt Christine's heavy baggage.\n1. My family will swim at the town pool tomorrow." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "My family will swim at the town pool tomorrow is a complete sentence. The subject is my family, and the verb is will swim.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Some words are alike. They go together in a group.\nRed, blue, and green go together. They are colors.\nMom, dad, grandma, and grandpa go together. They are people in a family.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word is not like the others?\n\n0. Russia\n1. Germany\n2. Italy\n3. Sunday" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Russia, Italy, and Germany go together. They are countries. Sunday is not a country, so it is not like the other words.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Grayson investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do rubber balloons stick to a cotton blanket or a wooden door longer after being rubbed on his hair?\n1. Do rubber balloons stick to a wooden door or a metal door longer after being rubbed on his hair?\n2. Do rubber balloons or foil balloons stick to the wooden door longer after being rubbed on his hair?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a complete sentence?\n\n0. Coach West talked to her team before the game.\n1. She sings our favorite song, we clap for her." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Coach West talked to her team before the game is a complete sentence. The subject is Coach West, and the verb is talked.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long does it take to do ten jumping jacks?\n\n0. 17 seconds\n1. 17 hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for how long it takes to do ten jumping jacks is 17 seconds.\n17 hours is too slow.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one true statement.\n\n0. The cell membrane controls which substances enter and leave an animal cell.\n1. The nucleus of a plant cell does not have chromosomes.\n2. Mitochondria direct cell activities by sending instructions to different parts of a plant cell." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Haley decides to watch the comedy. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Haley will get to watch the movie that she is more excited about.\n1. Haley will give up the chance to watch a movie with her sister." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Haley wants or needs:\nHaley will give up the chance to watch a movie with her sister.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich bowl of oatmeal has a higher temperature?\n\n0. the bowl of oatmeal with less thermal energy\n1. the bowl of oatmeal with more thermal energy" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two bowls of oatmeal are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the bowl of oatmeal with more thermal energy has a higher temperature.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Birds have feathers, two wings, and a beak.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the bird.\n\n0. sea otter\n1. albatross\n2. box turtle\n3. common toad" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A sea otter is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nSea otters have very thick fur. Their fur keeps them warm in cold water.\nA common toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nToads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole.\nA box turtle is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nBox turtles can live to be over 100 years old!\nAn albatross is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nAlbatrosses live near the ocean. They hunt squid, fish, and other small animals.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nAnswer the riddle.\nI am black.\nI fly at night.\nI sleep upside down.\nWhat am I?\n\n0. a bat\n1. a fox" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A bat is black.\nA bat flies at night.\nA bat sleeps upside down.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's velocity describes its speed and its direction.\nAn object has a constant velocity when neither its speed nor its direction is changing. So, an object has a constant velocity when the object is:\nmoving in a straight line at a constant speed, or\nremaining motionless.\nIf an object does not have a constant velocity, the object is accelerating. An object is accelerating when either its speed or its direction is changing. So, an object is accelerating when the object is:\nspeeding up,\nslowing down, or\nchanging direction.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich statement describes the runner's motion?\n\n0. The runner is accelerating.\n1. The runner has a constant velocity." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The runner is speeding up. So, the runner is accelerating.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a garden snail?\n\n0. 1 yard\n1. 1 inch\n2. 1 mile\n3. 1 foot" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a garden snail is 1 inch.\n1 foot, 1 yard, and 1 mile are all too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the idiom in this text suggest?\nIn such an unfamiliar environment, Dwayne was a fish out of water.\n\n0. Dwayne felt out of place.\n1. Dwayne had not visited that location before." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom a fish out of water suggests that Dwayne felt out of place. A fish out of water is someone out of his or her usual, comfortable environment.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought.\nRehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing a subject. It doesn't tell who is rehearsing.\nThe band I'm in.\nThis fragment is missing a verb. It doesn't tell what the band I'm in is doing.\nBecause we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing an independent clause. It doesn't tell what happened because of the concert.\n\nQuestion:\nIs this a sentence fragment?\nIn the fifth and sixth centuries, more than fifty thousand Buddhist statues carved into the rock of the Yungang Grottoes of China.\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This is a sentence fragment. It does not express a complete thought.\nIn the fifth and sixth centuries, more than fifty thousand Buddhist statues carved into the rock of the Yungang Grottoes of China.\nHere is one way to fix the sentence fragment:\nIn the fifth and sixth centuries, more than fifty thousand Buddhist statues were carved into the rock of the Yungang Grottoes of China.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nIce melting in a cup is a ().\n\n0. physical change\n1. chemical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Ice melting in a cup is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The solid ice becomes liquid, but it is still made of water.\nThe links between atoms in the water molecules do not change. So, a different type of matter is not formed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nHow many articles did Dave write before his publisher offered him a book contract?\n\n0. interrogative\n1. exclamatory\n2. declarative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence asks something, and it ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 8 long. You might be thinking, 8 what? Is the pencil 8 inches long? 8 feet? 8 miles?\nThe number 8 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are inches. So, the length of the pencil is 8 inches.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot. So, 1 inch is much shorter than 1 foot.\nThere are 3 feet in 1 yard. So, 1 foot is shorter than 1 yard.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a garden snail?\n\n0. 2 yards\n1. 2 inches" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the length of a garden snail is 2 inches.\n2 yards is too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Some animals have a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. An animal's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each animal's backbone is colored orange.\nOther animals do not have a backbone. In fact, these animals don't have any bones! Some animals without backbones have a hard outer cover. Other animals have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the animal that does not have a backbone.\n\n0. julia butterfly\n1. sea eagle" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A sea eagle is a bird. Like other birds, a sea eagle has a backbone.\nA julia butterfly is an insect. Like other insects, a julia butterfly does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a sofa?\n\n0. 8 miles\n1. 8 yards\n2. 8 inches\n3. 8 feet" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a sofa is 8 feet.\n8 inches is too short. 8 yards and 8 miles are too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Ann acquired this trait?\n\n0. Ann is most interested in human biology.\n1. Ann learned biology by reading, observing, and experimenting." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving slower will go a shorter distance in that time. It is moving at a lower speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of two bats. Which bat was moving at a lower speed?\n\n0. a bat that moved 35kilometers in 5hours\n1. a bat that moved 45kilometers in 5hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each bat moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne bat moved 35 kilometers in 5 hours.\nThe other bat moved 45 kilometers in 5 hours.\nNotice that each bat spent the same amount of time moving. The bat that moved 35 kilometers moved a shorter distance in that time. So, that bat must have moved at a lower speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks.\nThere are several ways to fix a run-on sentence:\nUse stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks.\n\nQuestion:\nIs this a run-on sentence?\nLocated just south of Dover, Tristan's Restaurant offers an eclectic menu in a scenic country setting.\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This is not a run-on sentence. It is not formed from two sentences that have been run together without appropriate punctuation.\nLocated just south of Dover, Tristan's Restaurant offers an eclectic menu in a scenic country setting.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Poetry is a special kind of writing. It has many elements that make it different from ordinary writing. Knowing these elements can help you talk about poetry, understand it better, and enjoy it more.\nA poem rhymes when it has a pattern of words that end in the same sound.\nEnd rhyme is when the rhymes appear at the end of a poem's lines.\nLittle Betty Blue,\nLost her holiday shoe.\n\u2014From Mother Goose\nInternal rhyme is when at least one of the rhyming words appears inside the poem's lines.\nSweet dreams of pleasant streams.\n\u2014From William Blake, \"A Cradle Song\"\nRhythm is the pattern of strong and weak syllables, or stress, in a poem. You can recognize rhythm in a poem by listening to how it sounds. Poems with regular rhythm have a beat, like in music.\nHe watches from his mountain walls,\nAnd like a thunderbolt he falls.\n\u2014From Alfred, Lord Tennyson, \"The Eagle\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. We say them with more force than the other syllables. In this poem, every weak syllable is followed by a strong syllable. Each line sounds like da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM. To better hear the rhythm, try reading it aloud while clapping on each strong syllable.\nFree verse is when a poem has neither a regular rhythm nor a rhyme pattern.\nThe old bridge has a wrinkled face.\nHe bends his back\nFor us to go over.\n\u2014From Hilda Conkling, \"The Old Bridge\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. You can see this poem does not have a regular rhythm. It also doesn't have a rhyme pattern.\nRepetition is when words, phrases, or whole lines are repeated.\nThe dainty flying squirrel\nIn vest of shining white,\nIn coat of silver gray,\nAnd vest of shining white.\n\u2014Adapted from Mary E. Burt, \"The Flying Squirrel\"\nAlliteration is when beginning consonant sounds are repeated in words that are close together.\nWhere the wild men watched and waited\nWolves in the forest, and bears in the bush.\n\u2014From Bayard Taylor, \"A Night with a Wolf\"\nOnomatopoeia is when language sounds like what it talks about.\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses made-up words:\nTlot-tlot! tlot-tlot! Had they heard it? The horse hoofs ringing clear.\n\u2014From Alfred Noyes, \"The Highwayman\"\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses real words:\nHark! the honey bee is humming.\n\u2014From Mary Howitt, \"The Voice of Spring\"\n\nQuestion:\nAdapted from Richard Aldington, \"Childhood\" and adapted from Jane Taylor, \"The Violet\"\n\n0. Within a green and shady bed\nA modest violet grew;\nIts stalk was bent, it hung its head,\nAs if to hide from view.\n1. It was all so dull\u2014\nExcept a few gray legs under shiny black umbrellas\nRunning along the gray shiny sidewalks." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This poem has a regular rhythm, or a pattern of sound like a beat. The parts in bold show the strong syllables. The pattern is a weak syllable followed by a strong syllable. It sounds like da-DUM da-DUM.\nAs if to hide from view.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Aiden investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do cloth towels dry faster if they are hung in the laundry room or in the backyard?\n1. Does a small cloth towel or a large cloth towel dry faster when hung in the backyard?\n2. When hung in the laundry room, do black cloth towels or white cloth towels dry more quickly?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Undyne's phenotype for the tail spots trait?\n\n0. a spotted tail\n1. II" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Undyne's observable version of the tail spots trait is a spotted tail. So, Undyne's phenotype for the tail spots trait is a spotted tail.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Some animals have a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. An animal's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each animal's backbone is colored orange.\nOther animals do not have a backbone. In fact, these animals don't have any bones! Some animals without backbones have a hard outer cover. Other animals have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the animal that does not have a backbone.\n\n0. fly\n1. salt water crocodile" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A fly is an insect. Like other insects, a fly does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover.\nA salt water crocodile is a reptile. Like other reptiles, a salt water crocodile has a backbone.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nbehave - breakfast\n\n0. babies\n1. bike" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince bike is between the guide words behave - breakfast, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a dinner fork?\n\n0. 3 pounds\n1. 3 tons\n2. 3 ounces" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the mass of a dinner fork is 3 ounces.\n3 pounds and 3 tons are both too heavy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\n\"Your new hairstyle is so boring!\" Shane remarked when his sister showed up with a pink-and-blue mohawk.\n\n0. verbal irony\n1. simile" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nBoring shows verbal irony because Shane's sister's hairstyle is not at all boring.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a tennis court?\n\n0. 75 yards\n1. 75 feet\n2. 75 inches\n3. 75 miles" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a tennis court is 75 feet.\n75 inches is too short. 75 yards and 75 miles are too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the idiom in this text suggest?\nMr. and Mrs. Gregory usually see eye to eye, but not when it comes to the controversial mayoral race.\n\n0. Mr. and Mrs. Gregory usually agree.\n1. Mr. and Mrs. Gregory are not politically active." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom see eye to eye suggests that Mr. and Mrs. Gregory usually agree. When you see eye to eye with someone, you share their opinion.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Emma acquired this trait?\n\n0. Some scars fade more quickly than others.\n1. Emma's scar was caused by an accident. She cut her leg when she was climbing a tree." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Susan has pierced ears, but otherwise she looks almost identical to her twin sister Kate.\n1. Susan looks almost identical to her twin sister Kate, but she has pierced ears." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Susan or Kate.\nSusan looks almost identical to her twin sister Kate, but she has pierced ears.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nSusan has pierced ears, but otherwise she looks almost identical to her twin sister Kate.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a movie?\n\n0. \"The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle\"\n1. ***The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle***" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A movie should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle**.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. Ms. Malone has several important proposals to discuss at the next city council meeting.\n1. There are some things that Ms. Malone wants to bring up at the next city council meeting." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses overly simple or imprecise language (some things, bring up).\nThe first sentence uses more precise language, so it is more formal overall.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the simile in this text suggest?\nWhitney rubbed coconut oil on her hands, which were like the parched earth during a drought.\n\n0. Whitney's hands were hot.\n1. Whitney's hands were dry and cracked." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text includes a simile, using like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe simile like the parched earth during a drought suggests that Whitney's hands were dry and cracked. A drought is a period without rain; the ground during a drought can become hard and cracked.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nCaleb is a real Benedict Arnold. After promising to work on my campaign for class president, he decided to support my opponent.\n\n0. simile\n1. allusion" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nBenedict Arnold alludes to the American general during the Revolutionary War who betrayed his country and fought for the British.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a full bag of groceries?\n\n0. 6 tons\n1. 6 ounces\n2. 6 pounds" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the mass of a full bag of groceries is 6 pounds.\n6 ounces is too light and 6 tons is too heavy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a complex sentence?\n\n0. Camille and her mom sat on the back porch and watched as the sun sank into the horizon.\n1. Open and honest communication is the foundation of a healthy relationship." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction as.\nCamille and her mom sat on the back porch and watched as the sun sank into the horizon.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word random in its traditional sense?\n\n0. During the nineteenth century, the U.S. Army used camels as pack animals in the Southwest. Though the program was discontinued after the outbreak of the Civil War, reported sightings of random camels throughout the Southwest continued through at least the 1940s.\n1. Camels in the wild tend to eat an apparently random assortment of leaves, grasses, shrubs, and other plant matter. As an adaptation to their native desert environment, they are able to eat even thorny and salt-heavy plants that most animals will reject." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses random in its traditional sense: made or occurring without a definite pattern.\nCamels in the wild tend to eat an apparently random assortment of leaves, grasses, shrubs, and other plant matter. As an adaptation to their native desert environment, they are able to eat even thorny and salt-heavy plants that most animals will reject.\nThe second text uses random in its nontraditional sense: odd or out of place.\nDuring the nineteenth century, the U.S. Army used camels as pack animals in the Southwest. Though the program was discontinued after the outbreak of the Civil War, reported sightings of random camels throughout the Southwest continued through at least the 1940 s.\nMost style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word random because it is generally considered incorrect.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All living things need food and water. Water helps living things stay healthy. Food gives living things energy. They can use this energy to grow and change. All living things grow and change during their lives. Living things can get bigger and grow new body parts.\nFor example, an oak tree is a living thing. It begins life as a seed. It takes in water from the soil. It makes food using energy from the sun. The oak tree gets taller and grows leaves and branches during its life.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the living thing.\n\n0. cherry tree\n1. stop sign" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A stop sign is not a living thing.\nStop signs do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow. They do not need food or water.\nA cherry tree is a living thing.\nCherry trees grow and change. They need food and water.\nCherry trees are plants. They make their own food using water, air, and energy from sunlight.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence uses a simile?\n\n0. Mr. Dodson's long legs were sunflower stalks.\n1. Mr. Dodson's legs were as long as sunflower stalks." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This sentence uses a simile:\nMr. Dodson's legs were as long as sunflower stalks.\nThe words legs and sunflower stalks are compared using the word as.\nThis sentence uses a metaphor:\nMr. Dodson's long legs were sunflower stalks.\nThe words legs and sunflower stalks are compared without the word like or as.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Plant and animal cells have many parts in common, but not all. This table shows some of their similarities and differences.\nCell part | Plant cell | Animal cell\ncell wall | yes | no\ncell membrane | yes | yes\ncytoplasm | yes | yes\nmitochondria | yes | yes\nvacuole | yes | yes\nchloroplasts | yes | no\nnucleus | yes | yes\nchromosomes | yes | yes\nThink about how plant and animal cells are different:\nPlant cells have a cell wall, but animal cells do not. The cell wall helps plant cells keep a fixed shape. Most animal cells do not have a fixed shape.\nPlant cells have chloroplasts, but animal cells do not. Chloroplasts make sugar that plants cells can use as food. Animal cells cannot make their own food.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following parts does an animal cell have?\n\n0. chloroplasts\n1. vacuole" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nsilver jewelry tarnishing\nboiling sugar to make caramel\n\n0. Both are only physical changes.\n1. Both are caused by heating.\n2. Both are caused by cooling.\n3. Both are chemical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nMetal turning less shiny over time is called tarnishing. Silver jewelry tarnishing is a chemical change. The silver reacts with sulfur in the air to form black tarnish. The tarnish is a different type of matter that was not there before the change.\nBoiling sugar to make caramel is a chemical change. The heat causes the sugar to change into a different type of matter. Unlike sugar, the new matter is brown and sticky.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBoiling sugar is caused by heating. But silver tarnishing is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A thermometer is a tool that measures temperature. Temperature can be measured in degrees. The symbol for degrees is \u00b0.\nSome thermometers measure temperature in degrees Celsius (\u00b0C). Celsius is one scale used to measure temperature.\nThis is a tube thermometer. It has a tube filled with a red liquid.\nThere is a Celsius scale along the right side of the tube. The top of the red liquid lines up with the number 30 on the scale. So, the temperature shown by this thermometer is 30\u00b0C.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the temperature shown by this thermometer.\n\n0. 25\u00b0C\n1. 15\u00b0C\n2. 45\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Find the top of the red liquid.\nNow look at the scale to the right. The top of the red liquid lines up with 45. So, the temperature is 45\u00b0C.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nMark's leaving his job? That's old news. He's been planning that for months.\n\n0. oxymoron\n1. euphemism" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nOld news is a contradiction, because news is recent information.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought.\nRehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing a subject. It doesn't tell who is rehearsing.\nThe band I'm in.\nThis fragment is missing a verb. It doesn't tell what the band I'm in is doing.\nBecause we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing an independent clause. It doesn't tell what happened because of the concert.\n\nQuestion:\nIs this a sentence fragment?\nThe Zion Narrows, a canyon in Utah's Zion National Park, stretching for sixteen miles and, in some areas, narrowing to just twenty feet.\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This is a sentence fragment. It does not express a complete thought.\nThe Zion Narrows, a canyon in Utah's Zion National Park, stretching for sixteen miles and, in some areas, narrowing to just twenty feet.\nHere is one way to fix the sentence fragment:\nThe Zion Narrows, a canyon in Utah's Zion National Park, stretches for sixteen miles and, in some areas, narrows to just twenty feet.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nmarry - mistake\n\n0. mosquito\n1. medicine" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince medicine is between the guide words marry - mistake, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nThe human resource department is urging the company to offer free gym memberships to all employees. They'd rather our employees be at the gym morning, noon, and night, than get any work done.\n\n0. straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n1. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that free gym memberships will result in lower productivity. However, offering free gym memberships doesn't necessarily suggest that employees will spend all their time at the gym rather than at work. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a straw man.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nWesley has naturally curly hair.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Some humans are born with naturally curly hair. Others are born with naturally straight hair. Curly and straight are examples of hair texture.\nSome people decide to change how their hair looks. But this doesn't affect the natural texture of their hair. So, having naturally curly hair is an inherited trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Some words are alike. They go together in a group.\nRed, blue, and green go together. They are colors.\nMom, dad, grandma, and grandpa go together. They are people in a family.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word is not like the others?\n\n0. door\n1. teacher\n2. clown\n3. king" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Clown, king, and teacher go together. They are people. Door is not a person, so it is not like the other words.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich cherry pie has a higher temperature?\n\n0. the cherry pie with more thermal energy\n1. the cherry pie with less thermal energy" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two cherry pies are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the cherry pie with more thermal energy has a higher temperature.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word gym on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ngame - gnaw\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince gym is not between the guide words game - gnaw, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nbutter melting on a hot day\npeeling a banana\n\n0. Both are only physical changes.\n1. Both are chemical changes.\n2. Both are caused by cooling.\n3. Both are caused by heating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nButter melting on a hot day is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The butter changes from solid to liquid, but it is still made of the same type of matter.\nPeeling a banana is a physical change. The peel is not covering the rest of the fruit anymore. But both the peel and the banana are still made of the same type of matter as before.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nButter melting on a hot day is caused by heating. But peeling a banana is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Apollo's genotype for the coat pattern gene?\n\n0. a spotted coat\n1. Aa" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Apollo has one allele for a spotted coat (A) and one allele for a black coat (a). So, Apollo's genotype for the coat pattern gene is Aa.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\nThe smoke detector, which had long been silent, suddenly () with a loud ring.\n\n0. awoke\n1. went off" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Complete the sentence with the word awoke. It describes the smoke detector as if it were a person who is waking up.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a simple sentence?\n\n0. The package includes some old letters from my grandma to my dad and a broken pocket watch.\n1. Unless the weather forecast is wrong, you'll probably need an umbrella tomorrow." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the simple sentence. It is a single independent clause.\nThe package includes some old letters from my grandma to my dad and a broken pocket watch.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a goat?\n\n0. 33 grams\n1. 33 kilograms" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the mass of a goat is 33 kilograms.\n33 grams is too light.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nbaking an apple pie\ncooking an egg\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are caused by heating.\n2. Both are only physical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nBaking an apple pie is a chemical change. The type of matter in the pie changes. The apples become soft, and the crust turns brown.\nCooking an egg is a chemical change. The heat causes the matter in the egg to change. Cooked eggs and raw eggs are made of different types of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBoth changes are caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is the Nile River?\n\n0. 4,250 feet\n1. 4,250 inches\n2. 4,250 miles\n3. 4,250 yards" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of the Nile River is 4,250 miles.\n4,250 inches, 4,250 feet, and 4,250 yards are all too short.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ncandle - coffee\n\n0. crib\n1. clam" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince clam is between the guide words candle - coffee, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the verbal irony in this text suggest?\n\"This is the best day of my life,\" Mr. Garrison mumbled after his car broke down on the way to an important job interview.\n\n0. Mr. Garrison liked fixing cars.\n1. Mr. Garrison was having a bad day." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nThe best day of my life ironically suggests that Mr. Garrison was having a bad day. He was having the opposite of a good day because his car broke down when he needed to be on time.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word ghost on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ngallop - glad\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince ghost is between the guide words gallop - glad, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Ariel investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Does a cell phone charge more quickly when it is turned on or when it is turned off?\n1. Does a tablet charge faster with a two-foot-long charging cable or a five-foot-long charging cable?\n2. Does a cell phone charge faster when plugged into a wall outlet or into a computer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nThe salesperson tried hard to convince Rob that the jacket was a good buy; after all, it was made of genuine imitation leather.\n\n0. hyperbole\n1. oxymoron" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nGenuine imitation leather is a contradiction, because genuine means real, and imitation means fake or synthetic.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has more thermal energy?\n\n0. a bowl of oatmeal at a temperature of 70\u00b0F\n1. a bowl of oatmeal at a temperature of 80\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two bowls of oatmeal have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 80\u00b0F bowl of oatmeal is hotter than the 70\u00b0F bowl of oatmeal, it has more thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a paintbrush?\n\n0. 26 millimeters\n1. 26 centimeters\n2. 26 kilometers\n3. 26 meters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a paintbrush is 26 centimeters.\n26 millimeters is too short. 26 meters and 26 kilometers are too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word border on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nbandage - breeze\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince border is between the guide words bandage - breeze, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Algernon's genotype for the body size gene?\n\n0. bb\n1. a dwarf body" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Algernon has two alleles for a dwarf body (b). So, Algernon's genotype for the body size gene is bb.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Several competent city council members have been elected in Seaside, but the mayor's office has prevented the council members from significantly influencing policy.\n1. The citizens of Seaside have elected several competent city council members, but the mayor's office has prevented them from significantly influencing policy." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun them could refer to the citizens or several competent city council members.\nThe citizens of Seaside have elected several competent city council members, but the mayor's office has prevented them from significantly influencing policy.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nSeveral competent city council members have been elected in Seaside, but the mayor's office has prevented the council members from significantly influencing policy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved by research or observation.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was shorter than King Louis XVI.\nThe statement above is a fact. The statement can be proved by researching the height of each man and comparing them.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was a better leader than King Louis XVI.\nThe statement above is an opinion. People can have different ideas about what makes someone a \"better\" leader, so the statement cannot be proved.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. For someone who has never read Charles Dickens, David Copperfield is the best novel to start with.\n1. In the 1840s, American fans of Charles Dickens hosted a \"Boz Ball\" in New York to honor the writer." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence states a fact.\nIn the 1840 s, American fans of Charles Dickens hosted a \"Boz Ball\" in New York to honor the writer.\nIt can be proved by reading a biography of Charles Dickens.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nFor someone who has never read Charles Dickens, David Copperfield is the best novel to start with.\nBest shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about which of Dickens's novels is best for a reader new to Dickens.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a hammer?\n\n0. 7 feet\n1. 7 miles\n2. 7 inches\n3. 7 yards" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a hammer is 7 inches.\n7 feet, 7 yards, and 7 miles are all too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nMixing copper and tin to make bronze is a ().\n\n0. chemical change\n1. physical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Mixing copper and tin to make bronze is a physical change. To make bronze, a furnace melts the copper and tin so that they can be mixed easily.\nSolid bronze forms when the mixture cools. The copper and tin are now combined as bronze. But they are still made of the same types of matter as before.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nAnswer the riddle.\nI am food.\nI am sweet.\nYou may eat me on your birthday.\nWhat am I?\n\n0. an apple\n1. a cake" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A cake is food.\nA cake is sweet.\nYou may eat cake on your birthday.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. The engine in the car makes a strange noise.\n1. Drivers should stop talking on their phones, or they should pull over." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction or.\nDrivers should stop talking on their phones, or they should pull over.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nMr. Brady will mail those letters.\n\n0. present tense\n1. past tense\n2. future tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, mail. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nElena is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years.\n\n0. complex\n1. simple\n2. compound-complex\n3. compound" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is compound-complex. It is made up of two independent clauses and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the relative pronoun which.\nElena is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object.\n\nQuestion:\nAssume all other forces on Cassie are balanced. Which statement describes the forces on Cassie?\n\n0. The forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Cassie.\n1. The forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Cassie." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To determine if there is a net force on Cassie, look at the forces:\nEarth's gravity is pulling Cassie down with a force of 600 N.\nThe seat of the cart is pushing Cassie up with a force of 1,200 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have different magnitudes: 600 N and 1,200 N. This means that the forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Cassie.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Isabella inherited this trait?\n\n0. Isabella and her mother both have short hair.\n1. Isabella's parents were born with wavy hair. They passed down this trait to Isabella." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ncartoon - character\n\n0. condemn\n1. cease" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince cease is between the guide words cartoon - character, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the ip sound.\nThe words lake and make rhyme. They both end with the ake sound.\nThe words tip and lake don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. dine\n1. heat\n2. mine" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words dine and mine rhyme. They both end with the ine sound.\nThe word heat does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Terrell acquired this trait?\n\n0. Terrell learned how to build a fire at summer camp.\n1. Terrell can cook food over a fire." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nIvan's Falstaffian nature makes him stand out at a party.\n\n0. Shakespeare\n1. Greek mythology" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Falstaffian is Shakespeare.\nSir John Falstaff, a comical character in several of William Shakespeare's plays, is known for his cheerful sociability and sometimes off-color humor.\nThe allusion Falstaffian means characterized by joviality and enjoyment of food and drink.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. Living things use this energy to grow and change. All living things grow and change during their lives.\nAll living things sense changes in the world around them. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the living thing.\n\n0. soccer ball\n1. pine tree" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A soccer ball is not a living thing.\nSoccer balls do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to the world around them. They do not need food or water.\nA pine tree is a living thing.\nPine trees grow and respond to the world around them. They need food and water.\nPine trees are plants. They make their own food using water, carbon dioxide, and energy from sunlight.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a run-on sentence?\n\n0. The judge talks about the new law everyone listens.\n1. Opened the front door for Mr. Garrett." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The judge talks about the new law everyone listens is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined without end punctuation: The judge talks about the new law and Everyone listens.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nMichelle's Boutique claims to have \"something for everyone,\" but it is generally understood that their target market is women of a certain age.\n\n0. euphemism\n1. oxymoron" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nOf a certain age is an indirect and generally more polite way of referring to older people.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word stork on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nshy - single\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince stork is not between the guide words shy - single, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nAt twenty-one, Brad felt overwhelmed with adult responsibilities and wished he could fly off to Neverland.\n\n0. allusion\n1. simile" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nNeverland alludes to the story of Peter Pan, a boy who lived in Neverland and never grew up.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has more thermal energy?\n\n0. a bowl of oatmeal at a temperature of 70\u00b0F\n1. a bowl of oatmeal at a temperature of 75\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two bowls of oatmeal have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 75\u00b0F bowl of oatmeal is hotter than the 70\u00b0F bowl of oatmeal, it has more thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Lila acquired this trait?\n\n0. Lila's scar was caused by an accident. She cut her leg when she was climbing a tree.\n1. Some scars fade more quickly than others." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nclutch - curse\n\n0. capitol\n1. criminal" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince criminal is between the guide words clutch - curse, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Susan had witnessed a crime, so she made a call to report it. The operator promptly dispatched police to investigate the scene.\n1. Susan had witnessed a crime, so she made a call to report it. They promptly dispatched police to investigate the scene." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun they is used without its antecedent.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. They has been replaced with the operator.\nSusan had witnessed a crime, so she made a call to report it. The operator promptly dispatched police to investigate the scene.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nNeil, you didn't vote in the last election, so you clearly have no regard for the democracy in which we live.\n\n0. red herring: the use of a completely unrelated topic or idea\n1. false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Neil must not care about democracy, because he didn't vote in the election. However, there may be a number of reasons why Neil didn't vote in the election. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the action that doesn't belong.\n\n0. join\n1. link\n2. stir\n3. attach" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Stir doesn't belong.\nLink, attach, and join all name ways to connect things.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\n0. dear Bella,\n1. Dear Bella," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Bella is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Yours truly,\nAnna\n1. Yours Truly,\nAnna" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nWhitney, please stay away from the ocean. You shouldn't go in the water until you know how to swim.\n\n0. paradox\n1. oxymoron" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a paradox, a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nYou shouldn't go in the water until you know how to swim at first appears to be contradictory, because it is impossible to learn how to swim without going in the water. However, it contains some truth: you should not go into deep or dangerous water without first knowing how to swim.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nWhen I learned the details of Ariel's Faustian bargain, I was in disbelief.\n\n0. literature\n1. history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Faustian bargain is literature.\nIn a play by Christopher Marlowe based on the legend of Faust, a man strikes a deal with the devil. Disregarding the long-term consequences of his actions, he sells his soul in exchange for power.\nThe allusion Faustian bargain means a compromise of one's values for personal gain.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nmilk going sour\ndeep-frying chicken\n\n0. Both are only physical changes.\n1. Both are caused by cooling.\n2. Both are caused by heating.\n3. Both are chemical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nMilk going sour is a chemical change. The type of matter in the milk slowly changes. The new matter that is formed gives the milk its sour taste.\nDeep-frying chicken is a chemical change. The heat causes the matter in the chicken to change. Cooked chicken and raw chicken are different types of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nCooking is caused by heating. But milk going sour is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\n\nQuestion:\nLast year, there were seven men's clothing stores on Main Street in Lakeside. This year, there are only three. What probably happened to the overall supply of men's shirts in Lakeside?\n\n0. The supply probably went up.\n1. The supply probably went down." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "When four men's clothing stores closed on Main Street, the number of suppliers went down. There were fewer stores selling men's shirts. So, the supply of men's shirts probably went down.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is more flexible?\n\n0. ice rink\n1. wool hat" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Flexible is a property. A flexible material can be bent without breaking easily.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine bending the material shown in each picture.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Brittany acquired this trait?\n\n0. Some scars fade more quickly than others.\n1. Brittany's scar was caused by an accident. She cut her leg when she was climbing a tree." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a book?\n\n0. ***The Night at the Museum***\n1. \"The Night at the Museum\"" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A book should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **The Night at the Museum**.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. When the mayor learned that the local newspaper had printed an invasive story about her personal life, she flipped out.\n1. The mayor was furious when she learned that the local newspaper had printed an invasive story about her personal life." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses slang (flipped out).\nThe first sentence uses formal language in place of the slang, so it is more formal overall.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nflutter - fur\n\n0. found\n1. fed" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince found is between the guide words flutter - fur, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nDr. Cunningham is unhappy with her new assistant because simple tasks, like fetching coffee, take him years to finish.\n\n0. anaphora\n1. hyperbole" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nTake him years to finish is an exaggeration, since it probably does not take him entire years to fetch coffee.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Winnee's phenotype for the coat pattern trait?\n\n0. solid coloring\n1. white spots" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Winnee's genotype for the coat pattern gene is aa. Winnee's genotype of aa has only a alleles. The a allele is for white spots. So, Winnee's phenotype for the coat pattern trait must be white spots.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Winnee's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for white spots (a) is recessive to the allele for solid coloring (A). This means A is a dominant allele, and a is a recessive allele.\nWinnee's genotype of aa has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Winnee's phenotype for the coat pattern trait must be white spots.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.\n\nQuestion:\nIs a newspaper a good or a service?\n\n0. a service\n1. a good" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide whether a newspaper is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs a newspaper something you can touch? Yes.\nIs a newspaper a job you might pay someone else to do? No.\nSo, a newspaper is a good.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nmat - movies\n\n0. mustard\n1. minute" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince minute is between the guide words mat - movies, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\n\nQuestion:\nThe city of Dayton has been one of the world's biggest makers of cough drops for many years. But last month, Dayton's cough drop factories were destroyed by floods. What will probably happen to the overall supply of cough drops?\n\n0. The supply will probably go up.\n1. The supply will probably go down." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Floods destroyed the cough drop factories in Dayton. The number of producers of cough drops went down. So, the supply of cough drops will probably go down.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nmixing sand and gravel\ntearing a piece of paper\n\n0. Both are chemical changes.\n1. Both are caused by heating.\n2. Both are only physical changes.\n3. Both are caused by cooling." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nMixing sand and gravel is a physical change. Together, the sand and gravel make a mixture. But making this mixture does not form a different type of matter.\nTearing a piece of paper is a physical change. The paper tears into pieces. But each piece is still made of paper.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nRonald, you drive a beat-up car from the 1980s. For this reason, we can never allow you to be a lifeguard at the community pool.\n\n0. false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\n1. ad hominem: a personal attack against one's opponent" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that people who drive old cars are likely to be poor lifeguards. This is a personal attack that isn't relevant to someone's qualifications to be a lifeguard. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as ad hominem.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement.\nDiamond is ().\n\n0. an elementary substance\n1. a compound" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You can tell whether diamond is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of symbols in its chemical formula. A symbol contains either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for diamond is C. This formula contains one symbol: C for carbon. So, the formula tells you that diamond is made of one chemical element.\nSubstances made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. So, diamond is an elementary substance.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nIn business, we should consider competition not a threat but a challenge.\n\n0. chiasmus\n1. antithesis" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses antithesis, the contrasting of opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nThe sentence contrasts two ways of looking at competition, as a threat and a challenge.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich brownie has more thermal energy?\n\n0. the colder brownie\n1. the hotter brownie" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two brownies are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the hotter brownie has more thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. When paper gets hot enough, it reacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, ice melting is a physical change. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nUsing polish to remove tarnish from a silver spoon is a ().\n\n0. physical change\n1. chemical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A tarnished silver spoon is one that has become less shiny over time. Polishing the spoon makes it look shiny again.\nThe polish changes the tarnish into a different type of matter that can be easily wiped away. So, using polish to remove tarnish from silver is a chemical change.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Solid and liquid are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own.\nSome solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break.\nA glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container.\nThink about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space.\nJuice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the solid.\n\n0. water in a sink\n1. drum\n2. wet paint" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a garden snail?\n\n0. 37 meters\n1. 37 kilometers\n2. 37 millimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a garden snail is 37 millimeters.\n37 meters and 37 kilometers are both too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving faster will go a farther distance in that time. It is moving at a higher speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of two humpback whales. Which humpback whale was moving at a higher speed?\n\n0. a humpback whale that moved 20kilometers in 10hours\n1. a humpback whale that moved 30kilometers in 10hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each humpback whale moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne humpback whale moved 30 kilometers in 10 hours.\nThe other humpback whale moved 20 kilometers in 10 hours.\nNotice that each humpback whale spent the same amount of time moving. The humpback whale that moved 30 kilometers moved a farther distance in that time. So, that humpback whale must have moved at a higher speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the invertebrate.\n\n0. bull ant\n1. black howler\n2. gray tree frog\n3. minnow" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A bull ant is an insect. Like other insects, a bull ant is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA gray tree frog is an amphibian. Like other amphibians, a gray tree frog is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA black howler is a mammal. Like other mammals, a black howler is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA minnow is a fish. Like other fish, a minnow is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nLatrell took several incredible panoramic photographs of the sweeping view from the top of Table Mountain.\n\n0. compound-complex\n1. complex\n2. simple\n3. compound" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is simple. It is a single independent clause.\nLatrell took several incredible panoramic photographs of the sweeping view from the top of Table Mountain.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nOscar usually eats oatmeal for breakfast.\n\n0. declarative\n1. interrogative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence tells about something, and it ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\na sidewalk heating up in the sun\ncarving a piece of wood\n\n0. Both are only physical changes.\n1. Both are caused by heating.\n2. Both are chemical changes.\n3. Both are caused by cooling." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nA sidewalk heating up in the sun is a physical change. The temperature of the sidewalk goes up, but the sidewalk is still made of the same type of matter.\nCarving a piece of wood is a physical change. The wood changes shape, but it is still made of the same type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nA sidewalk getting warm in the sun is caused by heating. But carving a piece of wood is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nDarrell always approaches difficult tasks enthusiastically, and he frequently motivates others with his energy and fervor.\n\n0. simple\n1. compound-complex\n2. compound\n3. complex" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is compound. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction and.\nDarrell always approaches difficult tasks enthusiastically, and he frequently motivates others with his energy and fervor.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nBy the time Ruth had finished explaining to Mr. Dickerson what had happened, her friends were laughingly referring to her as Scheherazade.\n\n0. Greek history\n1. ancient legend" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Scheherazade is ancient legend.\nThe Arabian Nights presents the ancient legend of how Scheherazade successfully postpones her imminent death by mesmerizing her captor with a thousand and one fascinating tales.\nThe allusion Scheherazade means a person who uses his or her arts to distract someone and avoid consequences.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a small candy bar?\n\n0. 40 kilograms\n1. 40 grams" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the mass of a small candy bar is 40 grams.\n40 kilograms is too heavy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving slower will go a shorter distance in that time. It is moving at a lower speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of two sailboats. Which sailboat was moving at a lower speed?\n\n0. a sailboat that moved 30kilometers in 5hours\n1. a sailboat that moved 80kilometers in 5hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each sailboat moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne sailboat moved 30 kilometers in 5 hours.\nThe other sailboat moved 80 kilometers in 5 hours.\nNotice that each sailboat spent the same amount of time moving. The sailboat that moved 30 kilometers moved a shorter distance in that time. So, that sailboat must have moved at a lower speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the verbal irony in this text suggest?\nAccording to Mr. Hancock's kids, his snoring is as quiet as a jackhammer.\n\n0. The snoring is subtle.\n1. The snoring is loud." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAs quiet as a jackhammer suggests that the snoring is loud. A jackhammer is not quiet, and neither is Mr. Hancock's snoring.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Conifers are plants that grow cones. Conifers use their cones to reproduce, or make new plants like themselves. How do conifers use their cones to reproduce?\nConifers can grow male and female cones. Male cones make pollen, and female cones make eggs. Pollination is what happens when wind blows pollen from male cones onto female cones. After pollination, sperm from the pollen can combine with eggs. This is called fertilization. The fertilized eggs grow into seeds.\nThe seeds can fall out of the cones and land on the ground. When a seed lands on the ground, it can germinate, or start to grow into a new plant.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nA conifer's () make seeds.\n\n0. needles\n1. roots\n2. cones" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Conifers use their cones to make seeds. Seeds grow inside the female cones.\nMany conifers have thin pointed leaves called needles. The needles make most of the conifer's food. Needles do not make seeds.\nRoots take in water and nutrients from the soil. They do not make seeds.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich holiday greeting is more formal?\n\n0. Best wishes for an enjoyable Independence Day from the entire staff at Gabby's Cafe.\n1. Happy 4th from the crew at Gabby's." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first holiday greeting is more formal. It uses more elevated language (Independence Day, the entire staff). The other holiday greeting uses casual language (happy 4 th, the crew) that is more familiar in tone.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. The paper changes into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nIce melting is also a physical change. When ice melts, it changes from a solid to a liquid. But both ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water! This kind of change is called a change of state.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nMud drying out in the sun is a ().\n\n0. physical change\n1. chemical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Mud drying out in the sun is a physical change. The sun heats the water in the mud. The water changes state. It evaporates and becomes gas in the air.\nDry dirt is left behind. But the dirt and the water are still made of the same types of matter as before.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a large soup pot?\n\n0. 11 milliliters\n1. 11 liters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of a large soup pot is 11 liters.\n11 milliliters is too little.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nValeria was known among her coworkers for her spartan ways.\n\n0. Greek history\n1. the Bible" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion spartan is Greek history.\nSoldiers from the city of Sparta in ancient Greece were known for their self-restraint, self-discipline, and indifference to luxury.\nThe allusion spartan means simple and austere.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Elijah acquired this trait?\n\n0. Elijah learned to speak two languages in school.\n1. Elijah's mother speaks one language." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word can in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Miranda can type using a keyboard with a QWERTY layout, but she prefers the Dvorak layout. The two keyboards have different arrangements of letters and symbols.\n1. If Miranda prefers a keyboard with the Dvorak layout, she can use mine. In my opinion, it's faster than typing on a keyboard with a QWERTY layout." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses can in its traditional sense: to have the ability to.\nMiranda can type using a keyboard with a QWERTY layout, but she prefers the Dvorak layout. The two keyboards have different arrangements of letters and symbols.\nThe second text uses can in its nontraditional sense: to have permission to.\nIf Miranda prefers a keyboard with the Dvorak layout, she can use mine. In my opinion, it's faster than typing on a keyboard with a QWERTY layout.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word can because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes the sentence use a simile or a metaphor?\nJayla went down the slide face-first, like a penguin.\n\n0. metaphor\n1. simile" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Jayla went down the slide face-first, like a penguin.\nThe words Jayla and penguin are compared using the word like. So, the sentence uses a simile.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nbending a paper clip\nbreaking a rock in half\n\n0. Both are only physical changes.\n1. Both are caused by cooling.\n2. Both are chemical changes.\n3. Both are caused by heating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nBending a paper clip is a physical change. After you bend it, the paper clip has a different shape. But it is still made of the same type of matter.\nBreaking a rock in half is a physical change. The rock gets broken into two pieces. But the pieces are still made of the same type of matter as the original rock.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a bathtub?\n\n0. 65 gallons\n1. 65 cups\n2. 65 fluid ounces" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the volume of a bathtub is 65 gallons.\n65 fluid ounces and 65 cups are both too little.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nAlana thinks Mr. Cline is a Luddite because he doesn't own a cell phone.\n\n0. the Bible\n1. British history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Luddite is British history.\nIn the early nineteenth century, factories were replacing the jobs of craftsmen. Some of these craftsmen banded together to destroy the new machinery; those who did so were called Luddites.\nThe allusion Luddite means a person opposed to new technology.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. If Emily's skirt doesn't match the blouse, she will have to exchange the blouse for another item.\n1. If Emily's skirt doesn't match the blouse, she will have to exchange it for another item." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to Emily's skirt or the blouse.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the blouse.\nIf Emily's skirt doesn't match the blouse, she will have to exchange the blouse for another item.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has more thermal energy?\n\n0. a bowl of oatmeal at a temperature of 40\u00b0C\n1. a bowl of oatmeal at a temperature of 25\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two bowls of oatmeal have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 40\u00b0C bowl of oatmeal is hotter than the 25\u00b0C bowl of oatmeal, it has more thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nSandeep's leaving his job? That's old news. He's been planning that for months.\n\n0. chiasmus\n1. oxymoron" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nOld news is a contradiction, because news is recent information.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement.\nCarbon monoxide is ().\n\n0. an elementary substance\n1. a compound" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You can tell whether carbon monoxide is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for carbon monoxide, CO, contains two atomic symbols: C for carbon and O for oxygen. So, the formula tells you that carbon monoxide is composed of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSince carbon monoxide is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, carbon monoxide is a compound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the personification in this text suggest?\nDan tried to ignore his unfinished essay, but it glared at him from across the room.\n\n0. The essay was printed in large type.\n1. It bothered Dan that the essay wasn't finished." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses personification, giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nGlared at him suggests that it bothered Dan that the essay wasn't finished. The essay is like a person who is bothering Dan.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the fastest will go the farthest distance in that time. It is moving at the highest speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of three motorboats. Which motorboat was moving at the highest speed?\n\n0. a motorboat that moved 245miles north in 10hours\n1. a motorboat that moved 440miles south in 10hours\n2. a motorboat that moved 45miles east in 10hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each motorboat moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each motorboat moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each motorboat moved for 10 hours. The motorboat that moved 440 miles moved the farthest distance in that time. So, that motorboat must have moved at the highest speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nChristine can drive a car.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Humans are not born knowing how to drive a car. Instead, many people learn how to drive when they are older. So, driving is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's velocity describes its speed and its direction.\nAn object has a constant velocity when neither its speed nor its direction is changing. So, an object has a constant velocity when the object is:\nmoving in a straight line at a constant speed, or\nremaining motionless.\nIf an object does not have a constant velocity, the object is accelerating. An object is accelerating when either its speed or its direction is changing. So, an object is accelerating when the object is:\nspeeding up,\nslowing down, or\nchanging direction.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich statement describes the hockey puck's motion?\n\n0. The hockey puck has a constant velocity.\n1. The hockey puck is accelerating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The hockey puck is slowing down. So, the hockey puck is accelerating.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Stefan investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do the squirrels eat walnuts from large feeders more often than from small feeders?\n1. Which type of tree do the squirrels feed from most often?\n2. Do the squirrels select sunflower seeds or walnuts more often?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the vertebrate.\n\n0. painted stork\n1. earthworm\n2. fly\n3. orb weaver" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Like other spiders, an orb weaver is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA fly is an insect. Like other insects, a fly is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nAn earthworm is a worm. Like other worms, an earthworm is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a soft body.\nA painted stork is a bird. Like other birds, a painted stork is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Candy's genotype for the body hair gene?\n\n0. BB\n1. a hairy body" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Candy has two alleles for a hairy body (B). So, Candy's genotype for the body hair gene is BB.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Freya's phenotype for the coat pattern trait?\n\n0. AA\n1. a black coat" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Freya's observable version of the coat pattern trait is a black coat. So, Freya's phenotype for the coat pattern trait is a black coat.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this fly's phenotype for the body color trait?\n\n0. a gray body\n1. a black body" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The fruit fly's genotype for the body color gene is BB. The fruit fly's genotype of BB has only B allelles. The B allele is for a gray body. So, the fruit fly's phenotype for the body color trait must be a gray body.\nTo check this answer, consider whether the fruit fly's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a black body (b) is recessive to the allele for a gray body (B). This means B is a dominant allele, and b is a recessive allele.\nThe fruit fly's genotype of BB has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, the fruit fly's phenotype for the body color trait must be a gray body.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nWhere Sarah lives, winter is the rainiest season of the year.\n\n0. climate\n1. weather" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nWhere Sarah lives, winter is the rainiest season of the year.\nThis passage tells you about the usual precipitation where Sarah lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a floor lamp?\n\n0. 9 tons\n1. 9 pounds\n2. 9 ounces" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the mass of a floor lamp is 9 pounds.\n9 ounces is too light and 9 tons is too heavy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. Ashley dislikes radishes, so she always orders her salad without them.\n1. Before Rebecca's birthday party, Juan wrapped her present with delicate silver tissue paper." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction so.\nAshley dislikes radishes, so she always orders her salad without them.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the invertebrate.\n\n0. fruit bat\n1. seahorse\n2. salt water crocodile\n3. black orb weaver spider" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A fruit bat is a mammal. Like other mammals, a fruit bat is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nLike other spiders, a black orb weaver spider is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA seahorse is a fish. Like other fish, a seahorse is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA salt water crocodile is a reptile. Like other reptiles, a salt water crocodile is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Malia inherited this trait?\n\n0. Malia's parents have red hair. They passed down this trait to Malia.\n1. Malia and her mother both wear their hair in braids." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a bench?\n\n0. 3 centimeters\n1. 3 meters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the length of a bench is 3 meters.\n3 centimeters is too short.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved by research or observation.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was shorter than King Louis XVI.\nThe statement above is a fact. The statement can be proved by researching the height of each man and comparing them.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was a better leader than King Louis XVI.\nThe statement above is an opinion. People can have different ideas about what makes someone a \"better\" leader, so the statement cannot be proved.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. Florence Nightingale's parents expected their daughter to get married, but she enrolled in nursing school in 1844 instead.\n1. Florence Nightingale's parents, William Shore and Frances Nightingale, were overly strict with their daughter." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence states a fact.\nFlorence Nightingale's parents expected their daughter to get married, but she enrolled in nursing school in 1844 instead.\nIt can be proved by reading a biography of Florence Nightingale.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nFlorence Nightingale's parents, William Shore and Frances Nightingale, were overly strict with their daughter.\nOverly shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about whether William Shore and Frances Nightingale were too strict.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does Kwanzaa celebrate?\n\n0. the history and culture of African American people\n1. the day that slavery ended\n2. the birthday of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.\n3. the signing of the Declaration of Independence" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Kwanzaa celebrates the history and culture of African American people.\nDuring Kwanzaa, African American people honor the traditions of their African ancestors. Ancestors are family members who lived a long time ago.\nDuring Kwanzaa, family and friends come together to remember the past. They talk about the future, too. Everyone sets goals to work hard and make their lives better.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a run-on sentence?\n\n0. During the game, the children hid behind the large tree.\n1. We went to Texas, we saw an old fort." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "We went to Texas, we saw an old fort is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined by just a comma: We went to Texas and We saw an old fort.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nMy family arrives at the airport on time.\n\n0. future tense\n1. present tense\n2. past tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, arrives. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\nThe alarm () the burglar, scaring him away.\n\n0. blared at\n1. screamed at" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Complete the sentence with the phrase screamed at. It describes the alarm as if it were a screaming person.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Frank investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Are dishes washed in a dishwasher cleaner than dishes washed by hand?\n1. Are dishes cleaner when washed with liquid dish detergent or with bar soap?\n2. Are dishes cleaner when washed with a soapy sponge or with a soapy rag?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the ip sound.\nThe words lake and make rhyme. They both end with the ake sound.\nThe words tip and lake don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. truck\n1. duck\n2. hate" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words duck and truck rhyme. They both end with the uck sound.\nThe word hate does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Tiki's phenotype for the body feather color trait?\n\n0. green body feathers\n1. blue body feathers" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Tiki's genotype for the body feather color gene is bb. Tiki's genotype of bb has only b alleles. The b allele is for blue body feathers. So, Tiki's phenotype for the body feather color trait must be blue body feathers.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Tiki's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for blue body feathers (b) is recessive to the allele for green body feathers (B). This means B is a dominant allele, and b is a recessive allele.\nTiki's genotype of bb has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Tiki's phenotype for the body feather color trait must be blue body feathers.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nMom will open the jar of jelly.\n\n0. past tense\n1. future tense\n2. present tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, open. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Plant cells are made up of many different parts. Each cell part has a function that helps the cell survive and grow.\nSome cell parts are called organelles. Organelles are cell structures that are surrounded by their own membranes. Here are some of the organelles in plant cells:\nChloroplasts and mitochondria work together to help the cell get the energy it needs. The chloroplasts use photosynthesis to make sugar. The mitochondria break down this sugar and release energy that the cell can use for all of its activities.\nThe nucleus directs cell activities by sending instructions to different parts of the cell. The nucleus contains structures called chromosomes. The chromosomes are made mostly of hereditary material called DNA. DNA contains information that the cell uses for growth and activities. These instructions tell ribosomes how to build molecules called proteins, which make up cell structures and help chemical reactions happen in the cell.\nThe endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle that helps ribosomes build proteins. The nucleus sends instructions for making proteins to ribosomes. Ribosomes can attach to the endoplamic reticulum. The endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes use these instructions to make proteins that the cell needs to survive and grow.\nAfter proteins are made in the endoplasmic reticulum, they can be transferred to the Golgi. The Golgi is an organelle made up of flat, stacked membranes. The Golgi sorts and packages proteins and other substances. Then, the Golgi sends these substances to different parts of the cell. Some of these substances are sent to the cell membrane and released from the cell.\nIn plant cells, the vacuole stores waste, water, and nutrients such as sugar. Most plant cells have one vacuole.\nOther cell parts are not surrounded by their own membranes. These cell parts are not organelles.\nThe cell wall is the cell's tough outer covering. It gives the cell strength and stiffness and helps the cell keep its shape.\nOn the inside of the cell wall is a thin layer called the cell membrane. This layer is a membrane, but it does not have a membrane surrounding it, so it is not an organelle. The cell membrane controls which substances enter and leave the cell.\nThe cytoplasm is a thick liquid that fills the space inside the cell. The cytoplasm also helps the cell keep its shape and supports the other cell parts.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the part whose main job is to use energy from sunlight to make sugar in a plant cell.\n\n0. chromosomes\n1. chloroplasts\n2. cell membrane\n3. vacuole" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Chloroplasts use photosynthesis to make sugar. First, chloroplasts capture energy from sunlight. Then, they use this energy to turn water and carbon dioxide gas into sugar, the plant cell's food.\nA plant cell may have many chloroplasts. Chloroplasts contain a green substance called chlorophyll.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nIt's an open secret that Bryce is writing a book based on his experiences living in Singapore. He never talks about it, but almost all his friends know.\n\n0. hyperbole\n1. oxymoron" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nOpen secret is a contradiction, because open describes something that is freely or publicly known, and a secret is hidden.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a can of soup?\n\n0. 11 tons\n1. 11 pounds\n2. 11 ounces" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the mass of a can of soup is 11 ounces.\n11 pounds and 11 tons are both too heavy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nsincere - swim\n\n0. sand\n1. stories" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince stories is between the guide words sincere - swim, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a sentence fragment?\n\n0. There are seven continents on earth South America is one of them.\n1. Sold the black coat." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Sold the black coat is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has more thermal energy?\n\n0. an 8-kilogram block of iron at a temperature of 70\u00b0F\n1. an 8-kilogram block of iron at a temperature of 95\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two blocks of iron have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 95\u00b0F block is hotter than the 70\u00b0F block, it has more thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has half as much thermal energy as a 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the smaller brick has half as many atoms. So, it has half as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich block of steel has less thermal energy?\n\n0. the hotter block of steel\n1. the colder block of steel" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two blocks of steel are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the colder block of steel has less thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nRudy picked up his pace on the trail as his spidey sense began to tingle.\n\n0. a comic book\n1. Italian history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion spidey sense is a comic book.\nThe comic book superhero Spider-Man possesses a spidey sense that warns him of impending trouble.\nThe allusion spidey sense means a sense of danger coming.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Franco inherited this trait?\n\n0. Franco's mother has blue eyes. She passed this trait down to Franco.\n1. Franco likes to wear a blue sweater to match his blue eyes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Pablo decides to plant the birch tree. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Pablo will get to look at the birch tree. He thinks it will look more beautiful than the hydrangeas would have looked.\n1. The birch tree will use up more space than the hydrangeas would have used up." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Pablo wants or needs:\nThe birch tree will use up more space than the hydrangeas would have used up.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nBy the time Wanda had finished explaining to Mr. Blake what had happened, her friends were laughingly referring to her as Scheherazade.\n\n0. ancient legend\n1. the Bible" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Scheherazade is ancient legend.\nThe Arabian Nights presents the ancient legend of how Scheherazade successfully postpones her imminent death by mesmerizing her captor with a thousand and one fascinating tales.\nThe allusion Scheherazade means a person who uses his or her arts to distract someone and avoid consequences.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There is a surplus if there is too much for sale at a given price.\nThere is a shortage if there is not enough for sale at a given price.\nSurpluses and shortages usually happen when people who are selling goods or services charge too much or too little.\nWhen the price is too high, consumers will not want to buy much of the good or service. The quantity demanded will be less than the quantity supplied. So, there will be a surplus.\nWhen the price is too low, too many consumers will want to buy the good or service. The quantity demanded will be more than the quantity supplied. So, there will be a shortage.\n\nQuestion:\nIs there a surplus or shortage of chocolate chip cookies?\n\n0. surplus\n1. shortage" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "At the current price, there are not enough cookies for sale. There are 20 boxes for sale, but 35 people want to buy a box.\nSo, there is a shortage of cookies.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nLindsey's Boutique claims to have \"something for everyone,\" but it is generally understood that their target market is women of a certain age.\n\n0. euphemism\n1. paradox" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nOf a certain age is an indirect and generally more polite way of referring to older people.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a complex sentence?\n\n0. Peter was playing the piano in the living room when Dad called him for dinner.\n1. The audition for the part of Dracula will begin in just a few minutes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction when.\nPeter was playing the piano in the living room when Dad called him for dinner.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. If Arianna's skirt doesn't match the blouse, she will have to exchange it for another item.\n1. If Arianna's skirt doesn't match the blouse, she will have to exchange the blouse for another item." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to Arianna's skirt or the blouse.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the blouse.\nIf Arianna's skirt doesn't match the blouse, she will have to exchange the blouse for another item.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one substance that is not a mineral.\n\n0. Hematite is not made by living things. It is a pure substance.\n1. Quartz is formed in nature. It is a pure substance.\n2. A skull is not a pure substance. It is made by a living thing." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nHematite is a mineral.\nA skull is not a pure substance. But all minerals are pure substances.\nA skull is made by a living thing. But minerals are not made by living things.\nSo, a skull is not a mineral.\nQuartz is a mineral.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Pam acquired this trait?\n\n0. Pam knits sweaters using cotton, wool, and other types of yarn.\n1. Pam learned how to knit in an after school program." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich graduation announcement is more formal?\n\n0. We are proud to announce the graduation of Lester Horton.\n1. Lester Horton is graduating, and we couldn't be more proud!" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first graduation announcement is more formal. It uses more ceremonious language (proud to announce). The other graduation announcement uses more conversational language (we couldn't be more proud!).\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nBy the time Bonnie had finished explaining to Mr. Wilkinson what had happened, her friends were laughingly referring to her as Scheherazade.\n\n0. ancient legend\n1. Greek history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Scheherazade is ancient legend.\nThe Arabian Nights presents the ancient legend of how Scheherazade successfully postpones her imminent death by mesmerizing her captor with a thousand and one fascinating tales.\nThe allusion Scheherazade means a person who uses his or her arts to distract someone and avoid consequences.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a book?\n\n0. Letting Go and Moving On\n1. Letting Go and moving On" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word and is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is Letting Go and Moving On.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nWhere Meg lives, winds blowing from the northeast are rare in July.\n\n0. climate\n1. weather" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nWhere Meg lives, winds blowing from the northeast are rare in July.\nThis passage tells you about the usual wind pattern where Meg lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a bathroom sink?\n\n0. 8 milliliters\n1. 8 liters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of a bathroom sink is 8 liters.\n8 milliliters is too little.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nplump - prevail\n\n0. poetry\n1. person" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince poetry is between the guide words plump - prevail, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nBleaching hair is a ().\n\n0. chemical change\n1. physical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Bleaching hair is a chemical change. Hair contains colorful matter called pigment. The bleach reacts with the pigment and turns it into a different type of matter. The new matter gives the hair a lighter color than before.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes the sentence use a simile or a metaphor?\nOn that winter morning, Linda's hands were as cold as ice.\n\n0. simile\n1. metaphor" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "On that winter morning, Linda's hands were as cold as ice.\nThe words hands and ice are compared using the word as. So, the sentence uses a simile.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has less thermal energy?\n\n0. a 200-gram glass of orange juice at a temperature of 70\u00b0F\n1. a 200-gram glass of orange juice at a temperature of 80\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two glasses of orange juice have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 70\u00b0F glass of orange juice is colder than the 80\u00b0F glass of orange juice, it has less thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a run-on sentence?\n\n0. Liam borrowed my book he enjoyed it.\n1. Coach Haley talked to her team before the game." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Liam borrowed my book he enjoyed it is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined without end punctuation: Liam borrowed my book and He enjoyed it.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the least thermal energy?\n\n0. a meatball at a temperature of 25\u00b0C\n1. a meatball at a temperature of 17\u00b0C\n2. a meatball at a temperature of 35\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All three meatballs have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 17\u00b0C meatball is the coldest, it has the least thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement.\n2-Chloroethanol is ().\n\n0. a compound\n1. an elementary substance" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You can tell whether 2-chloroethanol is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for 2-chloroethanol, C2 H5 ClO, contains four atomic symbols: C for carbon, H for hydrogen, Cl for chlorine, and O for oxygen. So, the formula tells you that 2-chloroethanol is composed of four chemical elements bonded together.\nSince 2-chloroethanol is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, 2-chloroethanol is a compound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a paintbrush?\n\n0. 11 feet\n1. 11 miles\n2. 11 yards\n3. 11 inches" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a paintbrush is 11 inches.\n11 feet, 11 yards, and 11 miles are all too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich glas of grape juice has a lower temperature?\n\n0. the glass of grape juice with less thermal energy\n1. the glass of grape juice with more thermal energy" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two glasses of grape juice are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the glass of grape juice with less thermal energy has a lower temperature.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nKevin put on an extra pair of socks this morning because it was so cold.\n\n0. climate\n1. weather" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nKevin put on an extra pair of socks this morning because it was so cold.\nThis passage tells you about the temperature this morning where Kevin lives. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Bruce inherited this trait?\n\n0. Bruce's mother cuts his hair every month.\n1. Bruce's parents have blond hair. They passed down this trait to Bruce." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhen was Frederick Douglass born?\n\n0. 1583\n1. 1730\n2. 1942\n3. 1818" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Frederick Douglass was born in 1818. He became an important African American leader in the 1840 s.\nFrederick Douglass fought for African American people's rights. He worked to end slavery before the Civil War. During and after the Civil War, he kept fighting against unequal treatment.\nFrederick Douglass died in 1895.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich watermelon has a lower temperature?\n\n0. the watermelon with less thermal energy\n1. the watermelon with more thermal energy" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two watermelons are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the watermelon with less thermal energy has a lower temperature.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Fred acquired this trait?\n\n0. Fred's scar is on his left knee. His mother also has a scar on her left knee.\n1. Fred's scar was caused by an accident. He cut his leg when he fell off his skateboard.\n2. Fred's brother has scars on both of his knees." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nget - goes\n\n0. group\n1. gnaw" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince gnaw is between the guide words get - goes, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word factoid in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Chad subscribed to an online newsletter about African wildlife; he enjoyed receiving daily factoids about the wild animals' natural habitats and behavior.\n1. Chad seemed to know a lot about African wildlife, but it turned out that his knowledge was mostly based on factoids gleaned from unreliable websites." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses factoid in its traditional sense: something made up presented as a true fact.\nChad seemed to know a lot about African wildlife, but it turned out that his knowledge was mostly based on factoids gleaned from unreliable websites.\nThe second text uses factoid in its nontraditional sense: a trivial but true fact.\nChad subscribed to an online newsletter about African wildlife; he enjoyed receiving daily factoids about the wild animals' natural habitats and behavior.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word factoid because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has less thermal energy?\n\n0. a 200-gram glass of water at a temperature of 50\u00b0F\n1. a 200-gram glass of water at a temperature of 40\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two glasses of water have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 40\u00b0F glass of water is colder than the 50\u00b0F glass of water, it has less thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the ip sound.\nThe words lake and make rhyme. They both end with the ake sound.\nThe words tip and lake don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. dime\n1. lime\n2. tape" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words dime and lime rhyme. They both end with the ime sound.\nThe word tape does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\noats - onion\n\n0. over\n1. offer" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince offer is between the guide words oats - onion, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nMuch to our shock, Tyrone chose to turn the other cheek when Ruth insulted him in a meeting.\n\n0. a song\n1. the Bible" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion turn the other cheek is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, Jesus counsels his followers to resist retaliation. He says that if they are struck on the right cheek, they shouldn't lash out; instead, they should turn the other cheek toward their attacker.\nThe allusion turn the other cheek means to respond without aggression.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following statement true or false?\nPlant cells do not have vacuoles.\n\n0. false\n1. true" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Plant cells do not have vacuoles.\nThis statement is false. Not all cells have vacuoles, but most plant and animal cells have them.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Kenji acquired this trait?\n\n0. Kenji's mother speaks one language.\n1. Kenji learned to speak two languages in school." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. your niece,\nWendy\n1. Your niece,\nWendy" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is the stickiest?\n\n0. rock wall\n1. tape\n2. metal shield" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Sticky is a property. A sticky material easily attaches to other things.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the tape is the stickiest. If you touch a piece of tape, it will stick to you.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nBritney can ride a bicycle.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People are not born knowing how to ride a bicycle. Instead, many people learn how to ride. So, riding a bicycle is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word nauseous in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Debbie's little brother looked a little sick after eating mounds of candy and then going on the nauseous rides at the state fair.\n1. Debbie's little brother looked a little nauseous after eating mounds of candy and then going on the dizzying rides at the state fair." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses nauseous in its traditional sense: causing disgust or nausea.\nDebbie's little brother looked a little sick after eating mounds of candy and then going on the nauseous rides at the state fair.\nThe second text uses nauseous in its nontraditional sense: feeling disgusted or nauseated.\nDebbie's little brother looked a little nauseous after eating mounds of candy and then going on the dizzying rides at the state fair.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word nauseous because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nDr. Cameron is unhappy with her new assistant because simple tasks, like fetching coffee, take him years to finish.\n\n0. hyperbole\n1. oxymoron" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nTake him years to finish is an exaggeration, since it probably does not take him entire years to fetch coffee.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nMr. Carlson argues that we need to do more to prevent workplace injuries and fatalities. I doubt that someone so socially awkward would know a thing about office safety.\n\n0. ad hominem: a personal attack against one's opponent\n1. false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that being socially awkward determines knowledge of workplace safety. This is a personal attack that isn't relevant to Mr. Carlson's desire to prevent workplace injuries. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as ad hominem.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word deep on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ndangle - drench\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince deep is between the guide words dangle - drench, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has half as much thermal energy as a 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the smaller brick has half as many atoms. So, it has half as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich watermelon has less thermal energy?\n\n0. the colder watermelon\n1. the hotter watermelon" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two watermelons are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the colder watermelon has less thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. Now the doctor will wrap a bandage around the cut.\n1. The detective must keep working, or he will never solve this case." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction or.\nThe detective must keep working, or he will never solve this case.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one substance that is not a mineral.\n\n0. Pyrite is not made by living things. It is formed in nature.\n1. Galena is a pure substance. It is not made by living things.\n2. A marble is made by humans. It is a solid." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nPyrite is a mineral.\nA marble is made by humans. But minerals are not made by living things.\nSo, a marble is not a mineral.\nGalena is a mineral.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A force is a push or a pull.\nA force can make an object start moving or stop an object that is moving. A force can also make an object speed up, slow down, or change direction.\nForces can be different sizes.\nThink about trying to move a heavy object and a light object. Imagine you want to move them at the same speed. You will need to use a larger force to move the heavy object.\n\nQuestion:\nThe shopper lifts each bag at the same speed. Which bag is lifted with a larger force?\n\n0. a bag holding 9 pounds of food\n1. a bag holding 7 pounds of food" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look for the shopping bag that is heavier.\nA shopping bag holding 9 pounds of food is heavier than a shopping bag holding 7 pounds of food. So, the bag holding 9 pounds needs a larger force to start moving upward at the same speed as the other bag.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nWe have no choice but to invite your manager to the party, because failing to invite her isn't a valid option.\n\n0. hasty generalization: a broad claim based on too few observations\n1. false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\n2. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that we must invite the manager because we can't not invite her. However, the \"evidence\" is just a restatement of the claim itself. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich expression of thanks is more formal?\n\n0. Thank you for taking the time to speak with me.\n1. It was super nice talking with you. Thanks for fitting me in!" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first expression of thanks is more formal. It avoids imprecise, conversational language (super nice, fitting me in).\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Jayla acquired this trait?\n\n0. Jayla is in the Air Force. She flies a plane almost every day.\n1. A pilot taught Jayla how to fly a plane.\n2. Jayla can fly a plane on cloudy days and at night." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All living things need food and water. Water helps living things stay healthy. Food gives living things energy. They can use this energy to grow and change. All living things grow and change during their lives. Living things can get bigger and grow new body parts.\nFor example, an oak tree is a living thing. It begins life as a seed. It takes in water from the soil. It makes food using energy from the sun. The oak tree gets taller and grows leaves and branches during its life.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the living thing.\n\n0. mug\n1. gorilla" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A mug is not a living thing.\nMugs do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow. They do not need food or water.\nA gorilla is a living thing.\nGorillas grow and change. They need food and water.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nDon't be deceived by Emily Campbell's articles on rural, blue-collar workers. Her husband is a fancy investment banker, so she can't possibly understand their situation.\n\n0. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something\n1. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\n2. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Emily Campbell can't understand rural, blue-collar workers because she is associated with an urban newspaper. However, where Emily works doesn't necessarily indicate anything about her ability to empathize. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Millie's genotype for the agouti fur gene?\n\n0. having agouti fur\n1. AA" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Millie has two alleles for having agouti fur (A). So, Millie's genotype for the agouti fur gene is AA.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the verbal irony in this text suggest?\n\"That fits you well,\" Aiden remarked after Debbie's cap fell over her eyes for the tenth time.\n\n0. The cap was too big.\n1. The cap was a good fit." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nFits you well ironically suggests that the cap was too big. The cap was falling over Debbie's eyes, so it didn't fit her well at all.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the vertebrate.\n\n0. domestic dog\n1. grasshopper\n2. bumble bee\n3. orb weaver" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Like other spiders, an orb weaver is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA grasshopper is an insect. Like other insects, a grasshopper is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA domestic dog is a mammal. Like other mammals, a domestic dog is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA bumble bee is an insect. Like other insects, a bumble bee is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word travesty in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Kristen thought it a travesty that her local news network provided only limited coverage of the presidential debates.\n1. Kristen was upset about the local news network's coverage of the presidential debates, calling it a travesty of reporting that undermined important issues." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses travesty in its traditional sense: a ridiculous imitation; a parody.\nKristen was upset about the local news network's coverage of the presidential debates, calling it a travesty of reporting that undermined important issues.\nThe second text uses travesty in its nontraditional sense: a disappointment or a tragedy.\nKristen thought it a travesty that her local news network provided only limited coverage of the presidential debates.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word travesty because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word anybody on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nally - ascent\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince anybody is between the guide words ally - ascent, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the temperature of the air on a hot day?\n\n0. 38\u00b0F\n1. 38\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the temperature of the air on a hot day is 38\u00b0C.\n38\u00b0F is too cold.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word balcony on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nbitter - blame\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince balcony is not between the guide words bitter - blame, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. Monica can eat the leftover tomato soup, or she can make herself a tuna sandwich.\n1. Despite their large size, grizzly bears can run at speeds of up to thirty miles per hour." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction or.\nMonica can eat the leftover tomato soup, or she can make herself a tuna sandwich.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. The paper changes into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nIce melting is also a physical change. When ice melts, it changes from a solid to a liquid. But both ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water! This kind of change is called a change of state.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nBreaking a pencil in half is a ().\n\n0. physical change\n1. chemical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Breaking a pencil is a physical change. The pencil gets broken into pieces. But each piece is still made of the same type of matter.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Ruben acquired this trait?\n\n0. Ruben learned how to knit in an after school program.\n1. Ruben knits sweaters using cotton, wool, and other types of yarn." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich meatball has more thermal energy?\n\n0. the hotter meatball\n1. the colder meatball" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two meatballs are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the hotter meatball has more thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nvery - volcano\n\n0. vanish\n1. visit" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince visit is between the guide words very - volcano, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has less thermal energy?\n\n0. a 9-kilogram block of steel at a temperature of 335\u00b0F\n1. a 9-kilogram block of steel at a temperature of 300\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two blocks of steel have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 300\u00b0F block is colder than the 335\u00b0F block, it has less thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nIt has not rained in over a week at Lindsey's house.\n\n0. climate\n1. weather" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nIt has not rained in over a week at Lindsey's house.\nThis passage tells you about the precipitation last week at Lindsey's house. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a potato?\n\n0. 19 kilometers\n1. 19 millimeters\n2. 19 meters\n3. 19 centimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a potato is 19 centimeters.\n19 millimeters is too short. 19 meters and 19 kilometers are too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the vertebrate.\n\n0. grasshopper\n1. gray tree frog\n2. pipevine swallowtail butterfly\n3. leaf-curling spider" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A gray tree frog is an amphibian. Like other amphibians, a gray tree frog is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nLike other spiders, a leaf-curling spider is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA grasshopper is an insect. Like other insects, a grasshopper is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA pipevine swallowtail butterfly is an insect. Like other insects, a pipevine swallowtail butterfly is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nKyle has a scar on his right hand.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Yours truly,\nLaura\n1. Yours Truly,\nLaura" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving slower will go a shorter distance in that time. It is moving at a lower speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of two ducks. Which duck was moving at a lower speed?\n\n0. a duck that moved 755kilometers in 10hours\n1. a duck that moved 970kilometers in 10hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each duck moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne duck moved 755 kilometers in 10 hours.\nThe other duck moved 970 kilometers in 10 hours.\nNotice that each duck spent the same amount of time moving. The duck that moved 755 kilometers moved a shorter distance in that time. So, that duck must have moved at a lower speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nNick put on an extra pair of socks this morning because it was so cold.\n\n0. climate\n1. weather" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nNick put on an extra pair of socks this morning because it was so cold.\nThis passage tells you about the temperature this morning where Nick lives. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. After scouring the classified ads for days, Dave finally found a used car that fit his budget. The sedan needed to be fixed, but it had Bluetooth.\n1. After scouring the classified ads for days, Dave finally found a used car that fit his budget. The sedan had Bluetooth, but it needed to be fixed." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to the sedan or Bluetooth.\nAfter scouring the classified ads for days, Dave finally found a used car that fit his budget. The sedan had Bluetooth, but it needed to be fixed.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nAfter scouring the classified ads for days, Dave finally found a used car that fit his budget. The sedan needed to be fixed, but it had Bluetooth.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a leather belt?\n\n0. 60 kilometers\n1. 60 millimeters\n2. 60 centimeters\n3. 60 meters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a leather belt is 60 centimeters.\n60 millimeters is too short. 60 meters and 60 kilometers are too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is smoother?\n\n0. plastic bag\n1. burlap sack" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Smooth is a property. A smooth material is not rough or bumpy.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the plastic bag is smoother. If you touch a plastic bag, it will not feel rough.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one true statement.\n\n0. Mitochondria are outside the nucleus of a plant cell.\n1. The cell membrane breaks down sugar to release energy that a plant cell can use.\n2. Lysosomes contain the master plan for all cell activities and cell development in animal cells." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nSenator Pena announced today that she plans to cut funding to early childhood education programs. The last thing we need is a government official who hates children!\n\n0. straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n1. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Senator Pena hates children, because she wants to cut education funding. However, the fact that Senator Pena wants to cut education funding doesn't necessarily suggest that she hates children. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a straw man.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\n\"There's nothing I love more than skipping lunch,\" Mr. Benton told the flight attendant when he learned that no food would be available on his cross-country flight.\n\n0. verbal irony\n1. allusion" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nNothing I love more shows verbal irony because Mr. Benton is probably upset that there isn't anything to eat.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Manny decides to plant the amaryllises. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Manny will give up the chance to look at the oak tree. He thinks it would have looked more beautiful than the amaryllises.\n1. He will save some space. The amaryllises will use up less space than the oak tree would have used up." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Manny wants or needs:\nManny will give up the chance to look at the oak tree. He thinks it would have looked more beautiful than the amaryllises.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nI've heard that Clare & Co. is downsizing, so I'm happy to see that their store in downtown Greenville will remain open for now.\n\n0. apostrophe\n1. euphemism" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nDownsizing is an indirect way of saying that the company is planning on firing employees, closing shops or branches, and/or reducing its budget.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nKaren lives in a windy place.\n\n0. weather\n1. climate" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nKaren lives in a windy place.\nThis passage tells you about the usual amount of wind where Karen lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Plagiarism is the act of taking another person's work or ideas and presenting them as your own, either accidentally or on purpose. When you use an outside source in your own writing, you should make sure to cite the source in order to avoid plagiarism. Consider the following source:\nFisher, Goddu, and Keil, \"Searching for Explanations: How the Internet Inflates Estimates of Internal Knowledge.\" Copyright 2015 by the American Psychological Association\nThe results of these experiments suggest that searching the Internet may cause a systematic failure to recognize the extent to which we rely on outsourced knowledge. Searching for explanations on the Internet inflates self-assessed knowledge in unrelated domains.\nIf you use a direct quotation in your writing, you must use quotation marks around the exact words that were copied from the source, in addition to citing the source.\nResearchers have found that relying on the Internet for information may cause a systematic failure to recognize the extent to which we rely on outsourced knowledge.\nThis sentence is plagiarized because it uses the source's exact words without quotation marks and without properly citing the source.\nResearchers have found that relying on the Internet for information \"may cause a systematic failure to recognize the extent to which we rely on outsourced knowledge\" (Fisher, Goddu, and Keil).\nIf you paraphrase a source, or put a source's ideas into your own words, you must still cite the source. Even if properly cited, a paraphrase that is too similar to the source in wording or sentence structure is still considered plagiarized.\nAccording to Fisher, Goddu, and Keil, searching the Internet can lead to a regular failure to perceive the extent to which we rely on outside knowledge.\nThis sentence is plagiarized because it is an insufficient paraphrase. Even though it is properly cited, it borrows too much of the source's wording and sentence structure.\nAccording to Fisher, Goddu, and Keil, relying on the Internet to look up information can make it difficult for us to estimate how much of our knowledge comes from internal versus external sources.\nThere are different rules about how to format citations, such as when to include page numbers for print sources. Check a style guide, such as the Modern Language Association (MLA) Handbook, for a complete list of these rules.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the student text plagiarized?\n\n0. Yes, because it fails to use quotation marks.\n1. Yes, because it fails to cite the source.\n2. No, it is not plagiarized.\n3. Yes, because it fails to use quotation marks and fails to cite the source." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The student text is plagiarized. Though it cites the source, it uses the source's exact words without quotation marks.\nKnowing a second language can aid in multi-tasking due to the bilingual brain's ability to inhibit one language while using another (Marian and Shook).\nSource: Viorica Marian, PhD, and Anthony Shook, \"The Cognitive Benefits of Being Bilingual.\" Published in Cerebrum Oct. 2012.\nResearchers have shown that the bilingual brain can have better attention and task-switching capacities than the monolingual brain, thanks to its developed ability to inhibit one language while using another.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ncareful - correct\n\n0. cent\n1. cube" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince cent is between the guide words careful - correct, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a book?\n\n0. The Adventures of bert\n1. The Adventures of Bert" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word of is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is The Adventures of Bert.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the solid.\n\n0. air inside a balloon\n1. vinegar\n2. scarf\n3. air from a hair dryer" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The air inside a balloon is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. The air inside a balloon expands to fill all the space in the balloon. If the balloon pops, the air will expand to fill a much larger space.\nVinegar is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour vinegar into a different container, the vinegar will take the shape of that container. But the vinegar will still take up the same amount of space.\nA scarf is a solid. You can fold a scarf. But it will still have a size and shape of its own.\nThe air from a hair dryer is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. A hair dryer uses a fan to blow warm air out. When the air leaves the hair dryer, the air expands to fill a much large space.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a hiking trail?\n\n0. 3 kilometers\n1. 3 centimeters\n2. 3 millimeters\n3. 3 meters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a hiking trail is 3 kilometers.\n3 millimeters, 3 centimeters, and 3 meters are all too short.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving faster will go a farther distance in that time. It is moving at a higher speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of two mountain bikers. Which mountain biker was moving at a higher speed?\n\n0. a mountain biker who moved 105kilometers in 5hours\n1. a mountain biker who moved 135kilometers in 5hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each mountain biker moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne mountain biker moved 135 kilometers in 5 hours.\nThe other mountain biker moved 105 kilometers in 5 hours.\nNotice that each mountain biker spent the same amount of time moving. The mountain biker who moved 135 kilometers moved a farther distance in that time. So, that mountain biker must have moved at a higher speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true.\nThe month of July has more days than the month of June.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at a calendar and counting the number of days in each month.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nJuly is a better month than June for camping.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about which month is \"better\" for camping.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. The word exoskeleton means \"outside skeleton.\"\n1. Creatures with exoskeletons, such as crabs, look scary." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence states a fact.\nThe word exoskeleton means \"outside skeleton.\"\nIt can be proved by looking up exoskeleton in the dictionary.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nCreatures with exoskeletons, such as crabs, look scary.\nScary shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what looks scary.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ngear - gnat\n\n0. gasoline\n1. glider" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince glider is between the guide words gear - gnat, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one animal that has all of the amphibian traits listed above.\n\n0. Red salamanders do not have lungs! They can breathe through their moist, smooth skin. Adult red salamanders live near rivers or ponds. They lay eggs with no shells under rocks or logs. The baby red salamanders live underwater.\n1. Great blue herons have two wings with bluish-gray feathers. Their eggs also have bluish shells. Great blue herons use their beaks to catch and eat small fish, crabs, and other small animals." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nAmphibians have the following traits:\nThey spend part of their lives in water and part on land.\nThey have moist skin.\nThey make eggs with no shells.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA great blue heron has the following traits:\nIt has feathers.\nIt has wings.\nIt has a beak.\nIt makes eggs with shells.\nA great blue heron does not have all of the traits of an amphibian. A great blue heron is a bird.\nA red salamander has the following traits:\nIt spends part of its life in water and part on land.\nIt has moist skin.\nIt makes eggs with no shells.\nA red salamander has the traits of an amphibian. A red salamander is an amphibian.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Austin investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do watercolor paintings dry faster when they are placed inside or outside?\n1. Do watercolor paintings dry faster when placed next to a fan?\n2. Does a large watercolor painting or a small watercolor painting dry faster?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nHow could Hazel have anything insightful to say about foreign affairs? She grew up on a farm.\n\n0. hasty generalization: a broad claim based on too few observations\n1. ad hominem: an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\n2. slippery slope fallacy: the false assumption that a small first step will lead to extreme consequences" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Hazel cannot be insightful about foreign affairs because she grew up on a farm. This is a personal attack that isn't relevant to whether she knows about foreign affairs. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as ad hominem.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a caterpillar?\n\n0. 17 centimeters\n1. 17 meters\n2. 17 kilometers\n3. 17 millimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a caterpillar is 17 millimeters.\n17 centimeters, 17 meters, and 17 kilometers are all too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A chemical change occurs when new substances are formed from existing substances. This process is called a chemical reaction.\nIn a chemical reaction, one or more substances change into one or more different substances. During the reaction, the atoms of the original substances are rearranged to form other substances.\nThe original substances in a chemical reaction are called reactants. These substances react, or go through a chemical change.\nThe substances that are formed in a chemical reaction are called products. These substances are produced by the chemical reaction.\nSo, in a chemical reaction, reactants go through a chemical change to form products.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nIn this chemical reaction, hydrogen peroxide is a ().\n\n0. reactant\n1. product" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the underlined text carefully. Look for information about what happens to hydrogen peroxide in this chemical reaction.\nHydrogen peroxide, a household disinfectant, breaks down into water and oxygen gas over time. Light speeds up this process, so hydrogen peroxide is typically stored in a dark-colored bottle. The bottle's dark coloring blocks light and makes the hydrogen peroxide last longer.\nThe underlined text tells you that when hydrogen peroxide breaks down, hydrogen and oxygen are formed. When hydrogen peroxide reacts, or goes through a chemical change, its atoms are rearranged to form hydrogen and oxygen. Because hydrogen peroxide reacts in this chemical reaction, hydrogen peroxide is a reactant.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Chanel's phenotype for the body hair trait?\n\n0. a hairless body\n1. bb" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Chanel's observable version of the body hair trait is a hairless body. So, Chanel's phenotype for the body hair trait is a hairless body.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\nThe heavy door () as Tammy pushed it open.\n\n0. swung\n1. protested" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Complete the sentence with the word protested. It describes the door as if it were a person who didn't want to obey.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nMr. Harding can quit smoking because he's capable of stopping.\n\n0. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\n1. slippery slope fallacy: the false assumption that a small first step will lead to extreme consequences\n2. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Mr. Harding can quit smoking because he is able to stop. However, the \"evidence\" is just a restatement of the claim itself. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one animal that has all of the fish traits listed above.\n\n0. Thresher sharks hatch from eggs with no shells. They have a long tail and fins. They can use their tail to hit and stun their prey. Thresher sharks live in salt water.\n1. Amazon milk frogs have moist skin and live in South American rain forests. They hatch from eggs with no shells and begin their lives in water. As adults, Amazon milk frogs live in trees and eat insects." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nFish have the following traits:\nThey have fins, not limbs.\nThey make eggs with no shells.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nAn Amazon milk frog has the following traits:\nIt spends part of its life in water and part on land.\nIt has moist skin.\nIt makes eggs with no shells.\nAn Amazon milk frog does not have all of the traits of a fish. An Amazon milk frog is an amphibian.\nA thresher shark has the following traits:\nIt has fins, not limbs.\nIt makes eggs with no shells.\nA thresher shark has the traits of a fish. A thresher shark is a fish.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\nAt the farmer's market, bright red tomatoes () a bountiful harvest.\n\n0. came from\n1. boasted of" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Complete the sentence with the phrase boasted of. It describes the tomatoes as if they were people who brag.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text message is more formal?\n\n0. Heads up! Ellison is here. In the lobby.\n1. Ms. Ellison is already here. She's waiting in the lobby." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text message is more formal. It uses complete sentences, avoids slang (heads up), and uses the person's title (Ms. Ellison). The other text message includes more casual language and sentence fragments.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the most thermal energy?\n\n0. a 225-gram glass of apple juice at a temperature of 41\u00b0F\n1. a 225-gram glass of apple juice at a temperature of 64\u00b0F\n2. a 225-gram glass of apple juice at a temperature of 66\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All three glasses of apple juice have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 66\u00b0F glass of apple juice is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Hannah acquired this trait?\n\n0. Hannah is most interested in human biology.\n1. Hannah learned biology by reading, observing, and experimenting." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Samantha decides to make onion soup. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Samantha will give up the chance to eat the chicken soup, which would have been tastier than the onion soup.\n1. Samantha will save some time. The chicken soup would have taken longer to make than the onion soup." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Samantha wants or needs:\nSamantha will give up the chance to eat the chicken soup, which would have been tastier than the onion soup.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. The fleece jacket that Sophia saw on the bench looked like Kate's.\n1. Sophia told Kate that the fleece jacket on the bench looked like hers." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun hers could refer to Sophia's or Kate's.\nSophia told Kate that the fleece jacket on the bench looked like hers.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nThe fleece jacket that Sophia saw on the bench looked like Kate's.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word anchor on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\naccount - apart\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince anchor is between the guide words account - apart, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the simile in this text suggest?\nTara rubbed coconut oil on her hands, which were like the parched earth during a drought.\n\n0. Tara was baking something.\n1. Tara's hands were dry and cracked." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text includes a simile, using like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe simile like the parched earth during a drought suggests that Tara's hands were dry and cracked. A drought is a period without rain; the ground during a drought can become hard and cracked.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nBaldwin got off the mountain by the skin of his teeth.\n\n0. the Bible\n1. U.S. history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion by the skin of his teeth is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, Job complains to God about his hardships, saying that both strangers and those he loves have turned against him. He says, \"My bone cleaveth to my skin and to my flesh, and I am escaped with the skin of my teeth.\" Scholars have long debated the exact meaning of the phrase, but many claim that Job is saying that he narrowly escaped death.\nThe allusion by the skin of his teeth means just barely.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nRed velvet cupcakes were Krysta's Achilles's heel when she was trying to eat more healthily.\n\n0. Greek mythology\n1. the Bible" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Achilles's heel is Greek mythology.\nIn Greek mythology, Achilles's mother dips him in a river that protects his body wherever it touches. His heel does not get wet, so it is the one part of his body left unprotected. During the Trojan War, an arrow hits Achilles in the heel and kills him.\nThe allusion Achilles's heel means a sole weakness.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a small can of tomato sauce?\n\n0. 1 cup\n1. 1 fluid ounce\n2. 1 gallon" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the volume of a small can of tomato sauce is 1 cup.\n1 fluid ounce is too little and 1 gallon is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Christina investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do rocks skip more times when thrown across a river or across a pond?\n1. Do round rocks or flat rocks skip more times when thrown across the river?\n2. Do small rocks or large rocks skip more times when thrown across the river?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich cup of black tea has a lower temperature?\n\n0. the cup of black tea with more thermal energy\n1. the cup of black tea with less thermal energy" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two cups of black tea are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the cup of black tea with less thermal energy has a lower temperature.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nMr. Cho signed his name on the letter.\n\n0. present tense\n1. future tense\n2. past tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in past tense. You can tell because it uses a past-tense verb, signed. The verb ends in -ed and tells you about something that has already happened.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Zelda's phenotype for the horns trait?\n\n0. having horns\n1. not having horns" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You need to determine Zelda's phenotype for the horns trait. First, consider the alleles in Zelda's genotype for the horns gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for having horns (h) is recessive to the allele for not having horns (H). This means H is a dominant allele, and h is a recessive allele.\nZelda's genotype of Hh has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Zelda's phenotype for the horns trait must be not having horns.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Monica acquired this trait?\n\n0. Some scars fade more quickly than others.\n1. Monica's scar was caused by an accident. She cut her leg when she was climbing a tree." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a dinner fork?\n\n0. 60 grams\n1. 60 kilograms" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the mass of a dinner fork is 60 grams.\n60 kilograms is too heavy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nAll the cars at Dotson's Auto Dealership are certified pre-owned. Although they all seem to be in good condition, I think I'd prefer to buy a new car.\n\n0. euphemism\n1. hyperbole" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nPre-owned is an indirect way of saying used.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. When paper gets hot enough, it reacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, ice melting is a physical change. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nMixing sand and gravel is a ().\n\n0. chemical change\n1. physical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Mixing sand and gravel is a physical change. Together, the sand and gravel make a mixture. But making this mixture does not form a different type of matter.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Dear Uncle Brian,\n1. dear Uncle Brian," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Uncle Brian is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Peaches's genotype for the cheek color gene?\n\n0. bright orange cheeks\n1. Rr" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Peaches has one allele for bright orange cheeks (R) and one allele for pale orange cheeks (r). So, Peaches's genotype for the cheek color gene is Rr.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a pen?\n\n0. 16 meters\n1. 16 centimeters\n2. 16 millimeters\n3. 16 kilometers" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a pen is 16 centimeters.\n16 millimeters is too short. 16 meters and 16 kilometers are too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Some words are alike. They go together in a group.\nRed, blue, and green go together. They are colors.\nMom, dad, grandma, and grandpa go together. They are people in a family.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word is not like the others?\n\n0. hen\n1. chicken\n2. boy\n3. duck" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Hen, duck, and chicken go together. They are birds. Boy is not a bird, so it is not like the other words.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nFor his report, Ted needs information about zebras.\n\n0. exclamatory\n1. declarative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence tells about something, and it ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhat sport did Jackie Robinson play for a living?\n\n0. baseball\n1. soccer\n2. volleyball\n3. hockey" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Jackie Robinson played baseball for a living. He played for a team called the Brooklyn Dodgers. This picture shows him in his Dodgers uniform.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Maverick's phenotype for the wool color trait?\n\n0. white wool\n1. LL" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Maverick's observable version of the wool color trait is white wool. So, Maverick's phenotype for the wool color trait is white wool.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Max inherited this trait?\n\n0. Max likes to wear a blue sweater to match his blue eyes.\n1. Max's mother has blue eyes. She passed this trait down to Max." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one animal that has all of the bird traits listed above.\n\n0. Black howler monkeys have loud calls, or howls. The howls can be heard over three miles away! Howler monkeys have fur and feed their offspring milk.\n1. Snowy owls have sharp, curved beaks and live in cold places. They have feathers on their feet to protect them from the cold. Mother owls keep their eggs warm by standing on their shells." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nBirds have the following traits:\nThey have feathers.\nThey have wings.\nThey have a beak.\nThey make eggs with shells.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA snowy owl has the following traits:\nIt has feathers.\nIt has wings.\nIt has a beak.\nIt makes eggs with shells.\nA snowy owl has the traits of a bird. A snowy owl is a bird.\nA black howler has the following traits:\nIt feeds its offspring milk.\nIt has fur.\nA black howler does not have all of the traits of a bird. A black howler is a mammal.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nigloo - injury\n\n0. itch\n1. impose" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince impose is between the guide words igloo - injury, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the animal.\n\n0. Pear trees have green leaves.\n1. Gorillas eat leaves, fruits, and insects." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A gorilla is an animal. It eats leaves, fruits, and insects.\nGorillas live in groups called troops.\nA pear tree is a plant. It has green leaves.\nWild pear trees grow in Europe, north Africa, and Asia.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. When Molly ran into Maria at the post office, she smiled and said hello.\n1. Molly smiled and said hello when she ran into Maria at the post office." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Molly or Maria.\nWhen Molly ran into Maria at the post office, she smiled and said hello.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nMolly smiled and said hello when she ran into Maria at the post office.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Splash's genotype for the iridescent scales gene?\n\n0. ii\n1. mostly plain scales" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Splash has two alleles for mostly plain scales (i). So, Splash's genotype for the iridescent scales gene is ii.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Trevor decides to join the Photography Club. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Trevor will spend more time in the Photography Club than he would have spent in the Theater Club.\n1. Trevor will have more fun in the Photography Club than he would have had in the Theater Club." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Trevor wants or needs:\nTrevor will spend more time in the Photography Club than he would have spent in the Theater Club.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nA slice of banana turning brown is a ().\n\n0. chemical change\n1. physical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A slice of banana turning brown is a chemical change. The part of the banana in contact with the air reacts with oxygen and turns into a different type of matter.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Santiago investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Does white sandwich bread grow visible mold in fewer days if the bread is stored in a paper bag or in a plastic bag?\n1. Does white sandwich bread grow visible mold in fewer days if the bread is stored inside or outside the refrigerator?\n2. Does white or whole wheat sandwich bread grow visible mold in fewer days?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a movie?\n\n0. ***A Good Day for an Outing***\n1. \"A Good Day for an Outing\"" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A movie should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **A Good Day for an Outing**.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the solid.\n\n0. air inside a soccer ball\n1. water droplets\n2. robot\n3. helium" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The air inside a soccer ball is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. The air fills all the space inside the soccer ball. If air leaks out, it will expand into the space around the ball.\nWater droplets are a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you collect water droplets in a bucket, they will take the shape of the bucket. But the water droplets will still take up the same amount of space.\nA robot is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. A robot can move. But if it moves across a room, the robot will still have a size and shape of its own.\nHelium is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. Helium is lighter than air. So, if you fill a balloon with helium, the balloon will rise. If helium leaks out of the balloon, the helium will expand into the space around the balloon.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the verbal irony in this text suggest?\nAfter a jog around the block, Sadie collapsed on the couch and declared with a wheeze, \"Well, I'm ready to run a marathon.\"\n\n0. Sadie was out of shape.\n1. Sadie plans to run more." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nReady to run a marathon ironically suggests that Sadie was out of shape. She was actually far from ready to run a marathon.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Mr. Dudley wanted the new employees to fill out their intake forms, but he couldn't find them.\n1. Mr. Dudley wanted the new employees to fill out their intake forms, but he couldn't find the forms." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun them could refer to the new employees or their intake forms.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. Them has been replaced with the forms.\nMr. Dudley wanted the new employees to fill out their intake forms, but he couldn't find the forms.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nHow do I know that Carla is the most intelligent person in our geometry class? I know because she's so smart.\n\n0. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\n1. false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Carla is intelligent because she's smart. However, the \"evidence\" is just a restatement of the claim itself. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Just as Mrs. Bradley finished brewing Jane a cup of tea, her phone rang.\n1. Mrs. Bradley's phone rang just as she finished brewing Jane a cup of tea." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun her could refer to Mrs. Bradley's or Jane's.\nJust as Mrs. Bradley finished brewing Jane a cup of tea, her phone rang.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nMrs. Bradley's phone rang just as she finished brewing Jane a cup of tea.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. The Mississippi River flows from Lake Itasca to the Gulf of Mexico.\n1. September has thirty days, and July has thirty-one." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction and.\nSeptember has thirty days, and July has thirty-one.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\nThe washing machine () when Wyatt ran an oversized load of laundry.\n\n0. complained\n1. broke" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Complete the sentence with the word complained. It describes the washing machine as if it were a grumpy, overworked person.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nSenator Robinson isn't lying when she says she cares about her constituents\u2014she wouldn't lie to people she cares about.\n\n0. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something\n1. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\n2. straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Senator Robinson isn't lying about caring for her constituents because she doesn't lie to people she cares about. However, the \"evidence\" is just a restatement of the claim itself. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ntea - triangle\n\n0. torn\n1. turf" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince torn is between the guide words tea - triangle, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A trait is the way an organism looks or behaves.\nAn adaptation is a trait that helps an organism stay alive in its environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following is a trait of an organism?\n\n0. the amount of oxygen in the organism's environment\n1. the way the organism looks\n2. the amount of sunshine the organism gets" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the most thermal energy?\n\n0. a 350-gram mug of cocoa at a temperature of 143\u00b0F\n1. a 350-gram mug of cocoa at a temperature of 160\u00b0F\n2. a 350-gram mug of cocoa at a temperature of 132\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All three mugs of cocoa have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 160\u00b0F mug of cocoa is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement and always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn imperative sentence makes a request or a demand and usually ends with a period. If a demand shows strong feeling, it can end with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn interrogative sentence asks a question and always ends with a question mark.\nGiven the recent critiques of her new strategic plan, do you think the CEO will reconsider the company's direction?\nAn exclamatory sentence is a statement that shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamation always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nThat was the most spectacular acrobatic feat I have ever seen!\n\n0. declarative\n1. interrogative\n2. exclamatory" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is a statement that shows strong feeling and ends with an exclamation point. It is an exclamatory sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nStop twisting the rope like that.\n\n0. interrogative\n1. imperative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence tells someone to do something, so it is an imperative sentence. Here, it ends with a period.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Faye's genotype for the albinism gene?\n\n0. not having albinism\n1. Aa" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Faye has one allele for not having albinism (A) and one allele for having albinism (a). So, Faye's genotype for the albinism gene is Aa.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nIt has not rained in over a week at Trevor's house.\n\n0. climate\n1. weather" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nIt has not rained in over a week at Trevor's house.\nThis passage tells you about the precipitation last week at Trevor's house. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nDon't try to tell me that you only watch educational programming, Marie! I know for a fact that your sister only watches reality television.\n\n0. hasty generalization: a very broad claim based on very little evidence\n1. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Marie must watch reality television, because her sister watches reality television. However, even though Marie's sister watches reality television, that doesn't necessarily mean that Marie does, too. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Joseph acquired this trait?\n\n0. Joseph learned how to knit in an after school program.\n1. Joseph knits sweaters using cotton, wool, and other types of yarn." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nDespite Mariana's insistence that she would raise Cain if we ever got lost, we decided to try taking a shortcut.\n\n0. Greek mythology\n1. the Bible" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion raise Cain is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, Adam and Eve's son Cain murders his brother in a jealous rage.\nThe allusion raise Cain means to resort to violence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "According to Newton's third law, for every force, there is an equal and opposite force. This means that if one object is applying a force on a second object, the second object must also be applying a force on the first object, but in the opposite direction.\nFor example, if your hand is pushing down on a table, the table is also pushing up on your hand. Or, if you are pulling forward on a rope, the rope is also pulling back on you.\n\nQuestion:\nAccording to Newton's third law, what other force must be happening?\n\n0. The suitcase is pushing on Scott.\n1. The suitcase is pulling on Scott." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Scott is pulling on the suitcase. So, Newton's third law tells you that the suitcase is pulling on Scott.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The cell membrane controls which substances enter and leave the cell. The cell membrane also protects the cell from the outside environment.\nThe cytoplasm is made up of a thick liquid that fills the space inside the cell membrane. The cytoplasm supports the other cell parts and holds them in place. Many important chemical reactions happen in the cytoplasm.\nThe mitochondria break down sugar to release energy that the cell can use.\nThe vacuoles store nutrients, such as sugar, in the cell. Vacuoles also store water and waste.\nThe nucleus directs cell activities. It does this by sending instructions to different parts of the cell.\nThe chromosomes contain the information that the cell uses for growth and activities. In animal and plant cells, the chromosomes are inside the nucleus.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the part that contains the information that an animal cell uses for growth and activities.\n\n0. chromosomes\n1. vacuoles\n2. cell membrane" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Chromosomes contain the information that the cell uses for growth and activities. This information helps control what the cell does and how it grows and develops.\nIn animal and plant cells, the chromosomes are inside the nucleus.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Gavin investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Does a big toy car go down the wooden ramp faster than a small toy car?\n1. Do toy cars with plastic wheels go faster down the cardboard ramp than toy cars with metal wheels?\n2. Do toy cars go faster down the ramp made of wood or the ramp made of cardboard?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true.\nThe month of July has more days than the month of June.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at a calendar and counting the number of days in each month.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nJuly is a better month than June for camping.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about which month is \"better\" for camping.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. Preserving dead people as mummies is definitely gross.\n1. In ancient Egypt, some people were preserved as mummies after they died." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence states a fact.\nIn ancient Egypt, some people were preserved as mummies after they died.\nIt can be proved by reading a book about ancient Egypt.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nPreserving dead people as mummies is definitely gross.\nDefinitely gross shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what is gross.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word tickle on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nthrow - true\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince tickle is between the guide words throw - true, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved true by research or observation.\nGeorge Washington became president of the United States in 1789.\nThis statement is a fact. It can be proved by researching what year George Washington was inaugurated president.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion can be supported by evidence, but it cannot be proved true.\nGeorge Washington was a better president than Thomas Jefferson.\nThis statement is an opinion. People can have different ideas about what makes someone a \"better\" president, so the statement cannot be proved.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. It is legal for public schools to have dress codes.\n1. School dress codes are bad for students." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence states a fact.\nIt is legal for public schools to have dress codes.\nIt can be proved by looking up court rulings about dress codes.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nSchool dress codes are bad for students.\nBad shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what rules are bad for kids.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nSam has a scar on his right knee.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Scarlett acquired this trait?\n\n0. Scarlett is most interested in American history.\n1. Scarlett learned history by reading." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nIt's true that pasteurization kills harmful bacteria in milk. But pasteurization is a process that was invented by humans. Instead, we should drink milk raw, pure, and unchanged. It's better for us.\n\n0. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct\n1. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good\n2. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that raw milk is better than pasteurized milk because pasteurization isn't a natural process. However, raw milk isn't necessarily healthier for humans just because it's unprocessed. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as an appeal to nature.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Fish live underwater. They have fins, not limbs.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the fish.\n\n0. red howler\n1. American bullfrog\n2. human\n3. leafy seadragon" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A leafy seadragon is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nA seadragon's body looks like a clump of seaweed. This helps the seadragon hide from its predators.\nAn American bullfrog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nFrogs live near water or in damp places. Most frogs lay their eggs in water.\nA human is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nHumans are a type of animal called a primate. Monkeys and apes are also primates.\nA red howler is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nHowler monkeys have loud calls, or howls. Their calls can be heard over three miles away!\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A pure substance is made of only one type of matter.\nA mixture is made of two or more types of matter mixed together.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the mixture.\n\n0. glass and gold balls\n1. sugar" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word which on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nwide - wren\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince which is not between the guide words wide - wren, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 8 long. You might be thinking, 8 what? Is the pencil 8 inches long? 8 feet? 8 miles?\nThe number 8 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are inches. So, the length of the pencil is 8 inches.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot. So, 1 inch is much shorter than 1 foot.\nThere are 3 feet in 1 yard. So, 1 foot is shorter than 1 yard.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is an adult alligator?\n\n0. 14 feet\n1. 14 inches" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the length of an adult alligator is 14 feet.\n14 inches is too short.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a simple sentence?\n\n0. Albert stacked a crate of oranges on top of the crate of lemons and checked both crates off his order sheet.\n1. Brennan walked through Paris in a daze because he was still suffering from jet lag." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is the simple sentence. It is a single independent clause.\nAlbert stacked a crate of oranges on top of the crate of lemons and checked both crates off his order sheet.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. When paper gets hot enough, it reacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, ice melting is a physical change. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nBreaking a ceramic plate is a ().\n\n0. physical change\n1. chemical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Breaking a ceramic plate is a physical change. The plate gets broken into pieces. But each piece is still made of the same type of matter.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Some animals have a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. An animal's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each animal's backbone is colored orange.\nOther animals do not have a backbone. In fact, these animals don't have any bones! Some animals without backbones have a hard outer cover. Other animals have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the animal that has a backbone.\n\n0. green frog\n1. ladybug" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A ladybug is an insect. Like other insects, a ladybug does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover.\nA green frog is an amphibian. Like other amphibians, a green frog has a backbone.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rocks are made of minerals. Here are some properties of rocks:\nThey are solid.\nThey are formed in nature.\nThey are not made by living things.\nThey are not pure substances.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one substance that is not a rock.\n\n0. Conglomerate is not made by living things. It is not a pure substance.\n1. Marble is a solid. It is not made by living things.\n2. Steel is made by humans. It is not a pure substance." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of rocks. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of rocks.\nConglomerate is a rock.\nSteel is made by humans. But rocks are not made by living things.\nSo, steel is not a rock.\nMarble is a rock.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the allusion in this text suggest?\nWith the gutters clogged and water rising in the streets, Elena, who was watching the storm from her window, commented, \"We're going to need an ark to get out of here.\"\n\n0. Elena thinks the storm will cause major flooding.\n1. Elena plans to build a boat." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nThe allusion to an ark suggests that Elena thinks the storm will cause major flooding. In the Bible, it rains for forty days and forty nights; Noah, his family, and animals of every species survive the great flood in an ark that he builds.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the allusion in this text suggest?\nWhen Samantha claimed she had loaded the dishwasher before turning on Dancing with the Stars, her mother replied, \"Your nose is growing!\"\n\n0. Samantha was trustworthy.\n1. Samantha was lying." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nThe allusion nose is growing suggests that Samantha was lying. In the story of Pinocchio, when Pinocchio lies, his nose grows longer.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Robert inherited this trait?\n\n0. Robert and his biological parents have brown hair.\n1. Robert's coworker also has curly hair.\n2. Robert's biological father has curly hair." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Sandra investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do apple slices turn brown more quickly if they are dipped in sugar or in orange juice?\n1. Do slices of pear turn brown more quickly than slices of banana?\n2. Do apple slices dipped in orange juice turn brown more slowly than plain apple slices?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the verbal irony in this text suggest?\n\"Someone had better turn on the heat,\" Sasha said, sweat glistening on her face.\n\n0. The temperature was too cool.\n1. The temperature was too warm." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nSomeone had better turn on the heat ironically suggests that the temperature was too warm. Sasha did not think that more heat was needed; she was already sweating.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nWho took the wheelbarrow out of the shed?\n\n0. declarative\n1. interrogative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence asks something, and it ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the slowest will go the shortest distance in that time. It is moving at the lowest speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of three motorboats. Which motorboat was moving at the lowest speed?\n\n0. a motorboat that moved 110miles west in 10hours\n1. a motorboat that moved 55miles west in 10hours\n2. a motorboat that moved 165miles north in 10hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each motorboat moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each motorboat moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each motorboat moved for 10 hours. The motorboat that moved 55 miles moved the shortest distance in that time. So, that motorboat must have moved at the lowest speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nThe boy helps his father after school.\n\n0. past tense\n1. future tense\n2. present tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, helps. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word garbage on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nglitter - grin\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince garbage is not between the guide words glitter - grin, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Dan decides to make beef barley soup. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. The beef barley soup will be tastier than the split pea soup would have been.\n1. Dan will spend more time making the beef barley soup than he would have spent making the split pea soup." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Dan wants or needs:\nDan will spend more time making the beef barley soup than he would have spent making the split pea soup.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\ncutting an apple\nshaking up salad dressing\n\n0. Both are chemical changes.\n1. Both are caused by heating.\n2. Both are caused by cooling.\n3. Both are only physical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nCutting an apple is a physical change. The apple gets a different shape. But it is still made of the same type of matter as the uncut apple.\nShaking up salad dressing is a physical change. The different parts mix together, but they are still made of the same type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the ip sound.\nThe words lake and make rhyme. They both end with the ake sound.\nThe words tip and lake don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. cop\n1. top\n2. mad" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words top and cop rhyme. They both end with the op sound.\nThe word mad does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.\n\nQuestion:\nIs flying a plane a good or a service?\n\n0. a service\n1. a good" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide whether flying a plane is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs flying a plane something you can touch? No.\nIs flying a plane a job you might pay someone else to do? Yes.\nSo, flying a plane is a service.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long does it take to watch a movie at the theater?\n\n0. 3 hours\n1. 3 minutes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for how long it takes to watch a movie at the theater is 3 hours.\n3 minutes is too fast.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the idiom in this text suggest?\nIn such an unfamiliar environment, Matt was a fish out of water.\n\n0. Matt felt out of place.\n1. Matt had not visited that location before." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom a fish out of water suggests that Matt felt out of place. A fish out of water is someone out of his or her usual, comfortable environment.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Carly used an old broom to clean up the broken glass before throwing the broken glass away.\n1. Carly used an old broom to clean up the broken glass before throwing it away." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to the old broom or the broken glass.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the broken glass.\nCarly used an old broom to clean up the broken glass before throwing the broken glass away.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one animal that has all of the placental mammal traits listed above.\n\n0. Red-headed poison frogs have moist, smooth skin. Female red-headed poison frogs lay their eggs on plants. The eggs have no shells and are protected by their father. When the eggs hatch, the father frog carries the tadpoles to water.\n1. Sea otters have very thick fur. Their fur helps keep them warm in cold water. Female sea otters give birth to live offspring in the water." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nPlacental mammals have the following traits:\nThey give birth to live offspring.\nThey have fur or hair.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA red-headed poison frog has the following traits:\nIt spends part of its life in water and part on land.\nIt has moist skin.\nIt makes eggs with no shells.\nA red-headed poison frog does not have all of the traits of a placental mammal. A red-headed poison frog is an amphibian.\nA sea otter has the following traits:\nIt gives birth to live offspring.\nA sea otter has the traits of a placental mammal. A sea otter is a placental mammal.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\na slice of banana turning brown\na copper statue turning green\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are caused by heating.\n2. Both are chemical changes.\n3. Both are only physical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nA slice of banana turning brown is a chemical change. The part of the banana in contact with the air reacts with oxygen and turns into a different type of matter.\nA copper statue turning green is a chemical change. The copper reacts with oxygen in the air. This reaction forms a different type of matter called copper oxide. The copper oxide is green.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Carrie investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do rocks skip more times when thrown across a river or across a pond?\n1. Do round rocks or flat rocks skip more times when thrown across the river?\n2. Do small rocks or large rocks skip more times when thrown across the river?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich cotton ball has more thermal energy?\n\n0. the hotter cotton ball\n1. the colder cotton ball" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two cotton balls are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the hotter cotton ball has more thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a TV show?\n\n0. Tales by Moonlight\n1. tales by moonlight" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word by is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is Tales by Moonlight.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought.\nRehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing a subject. It doesn't tell who is rehearsing.\nThe band I'm in.\nThis fragment is missing a verb. It doesn't tell what the band I'm in is doing.\nBecause we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing an independent clause. It doesn't tell what happened because of the concert.\n\nQuestion:\nIs this a sentence fragment?\nDuring a test flight over the Mojave Desert, Virgin Galactic's experimental SpaceShipTwo spacecraft crashing on October 31, 2014.\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This is a sentence fragment. It does not express a complete thought.\nDuring a test flight over the Mojave Desert, Virgin Galactic's experimental SpaceShipTwo spacecraft crashing on October 31, 2014.\nHere is one way to fix the sentence fragment:\nDuring a test flight over the Mojave Desert, Virgin Galactic's experimental SpaceShipTwo spacecraft crashed on October 31, 2014.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Nico's genotype for the body hair gene?\n\n0. a hairy body\n1. Bb" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Nico has one allele for a hairy body (B) and one allele for a hairless body (b). So, Nico's genotype for the body hair gene is Bb.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A force is a push or a pull.\nA force can make an object start moving or stop an object that is moving. A force can also make an object speed up, slow down, or change direction.\nForces can be different sizes.\nThink about trying to move a heavy object and a light object. Imagine you want to move them at the same speed. You will need to use a larger force to move the heavy object.\n\nQuestion:\nThe donkeys move the carts at the same speed. Which cart is pulled with a larger force?\n\n0. a cart holding 82 pounds\n1. a cart holding 59 pounds" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look for the cart that is heavier.\nA cart holding 82 pounds is heavier than a cart holding 59 pounds. So, the cart holding 82 pounds needs a larger force to start moving at the same speed as the other cart.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one substance that is not a mineral.\n\n0. An antler is not a pure substance. It is formed in nature.\n1. Baryte is not made by living things. It is formed in nature.\n2. Gypsum is formed in nature. It is a solid." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nGypsum is a mineral.\nAn antler is not a pure substance. But all minerals are pure substances.\nSo, an antler is not a mineral.\nBaryte is a mineral.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a run-on sentence?\n\n0. Beavers build a dam, they use sticks and branches.\n1. Our cabin has bunk beds for the kids." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Beavers build a dam, they use sticks and branches is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined by just a comma: Beavers build a dam and They use sticks and branches.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of an eraser?\n\n0. 1 ounce\n1. 1 pound\n2. 1 ton" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the mass of an eraser is 1 ounce.\n1 pound and 1 ton are both too heavy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. After Mr. Vance finished performing with Mr. Patton, Mary went up and thanked him.\n1. Mary went up and thanked Mr. Vance after he finished performing with Mr. Patton." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun him could refer to Mr. Vance or Mr. Patton.\nAfter Mr. Vance finished performing with Mr. Patton, Mary went up and thanked him.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nMary went up and thanked Mr. Vance after he finished performing with Mr. Patton.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a hummingbird's beak?\n\n0. 2 centimeters\n1. 2 kilometers" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the length of a hummingbird's beak is 2 centimeters.\n2 kilometers is too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich change best matches the sentence?\nLava comes out from below Earth's surface.\n\n0. erosion\n1. earthquake\n2. volcanic eruption" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement.\nZinc is ().\n\n0. an elementary substance\n1. a compound" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You can tell whether zinc is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of symbols in its chemical formula. A symbol contains either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for zinc is Zn. This formula contains one symbol: Zn. So, the formula tells you that zinc is made of one chemical element.\nSubstances made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. So, zinc is an elementary substance.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Clara acquired this trait?\n\n0. Clara can cook food over a fire.\n1. Clara learned how to build a fire at summer camp." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Conifers are plants that grow cones. Conifers use their cones to reproduce, or make new plants like themselves. How do conifers use their cones to reproduce?\nConifers can grow male and female cones. Male cones make pollen, and female cones make eggs. Pollination is what happens when wind blows pollen from male cones onto female cones. After pollination, sperm from the pollen can combine with eggs. This is called fertilization. The fertilized eggs grow into seeds.\nThe seeds can fall out of the cones and land on the ground. When a seed lands on the ground, it can germinate, or start to grow into a new plant.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat can a fertilized egg become?\n\n0. a cone\n1. a seed\n2. pollen" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Fertilized eggs grow into seeds.\nA seed can grow into a new plant, which can grow pollen and cones. But a fertilized egg does not become pollen or a cone.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. In June, Jane and Rodrigo will graduate with honors from Georgetown High School.\n1. The corridor in the basement was dark and damp, so Ariel put on a sweater and found a flashlight." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction so.\nThe corridor in the basement was dark and damp, so Ariel put on a sweater and found a flashlight.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Isabella inherited this trait?\n\n0. Isabella's hair is the same color as her brown eyes.\n1. Isabella's father has brown eyes. He passed this trait down to Isabella." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Your Friend,\nBert\n1. Your friend,\nBert" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following statement true or false?\nAn animal cell does not have a cell membrane.\n\n0. false\n1. true" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An animal cell does not have a cell membrane.\nThis statement is false. Every cell has a cell membrane. The cell membrane controls which substances enter and leave the cell.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rocks are made of minerals. Here are some properties of rocks:\nThey are solid.\nThey are formed in nature.\nThey are not made by living things.\nThey are not pure substances.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one substance that is not a rock.\n\n0. Steel is made in a factory. It is not a pure substance.\n1. Dolerite is not a pure substance. It is formed in nature.\n2. Sandstone is a solid. It is not made by living things." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of rocks. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of rocks.\nSandstone is a rock.\nDolerite is a rock.\nSteel is made in a factory. But all rocks are formed in nature.\nSo, steel is not a rock.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich change best matches the sentence?\nAn area gets less rain than usual over many years.\n\n0. landslide\n1. drought\n2. erosion" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nsafety - sneak\n\n0. ski\n1. stocking" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince ski is between the guide words safety - sneak, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word toot on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ntepee - thrilling\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince toot is not between the guide words tepee - thrilling, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Some animals have a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. An animal's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each animal's backbone is colored orange.\nOther animals do not have a backbone. In fact, these animals don't have any bones! Some animals without backbones have a hard outer cover. Other animals have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the animal that does not have a backbone.\n\n0. wolf spider\n1. salmon" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A salmon is a fish. Like other fish, a salmon has a backbone.\nLike other spiders, a wolf spider does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Emilia investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do small rocks or large rocks skip more times when thrown across the river?\n1. Do rocks skip more times when thrown across a river or across a pond?\n2. Do round rocks or flat rocks skip more times when thrown across the river?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has less thermal energy?\n\n0. a 100-gram mug of cider at a temperature of 55\u00b0C\n1. a 100-gram mug of cider at a temperature of 35\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two mugs of cider have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 35\u00b0C mug of cider is colder than the 55\u00b0C mug of cider, it has less thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Ruben inherited this trait?\n\n0. Ruben and his biological parents have brown hair.\n1. Ruben's biological father has curly hair.\n2. Ruben's coworker also has curly hair." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a paintbrush?\n\n0. 10 yards\n1. 10 miles\n2. 10 feet\n3. 10 inches" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a paintbrush is 10 inches.\n10 feet, 10 yards, and 10 miles are all too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a garden snail?\n\n0. 34 centimeters\n1. 34 meters\n2. 34 kilometers\n3. 34 millimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a garden snail is 34 millimeters.\n34 centimeters, 34 meters, and 34 kilometers are all too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a sentence fragment?\n\n0. A cheese sandwich with lettuce and tomato.\n1. The girls climb on the bars at the playground." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A cheese sandwich with lettuce and tomato is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the least thermal energy?\n\n0. a plate of spaghetti at a temperature of 98\u00b0F\n1. a plate of spaghetti at a temperature of 97\u00b0F\n2. a plate of spaghetti at a temperature of 136\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All three plates of spaghetti have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 97\u00b0F plate of spaghetti is the coldest, it has the least thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Luce's genotype for the fur type gene?\n\n0. straight fur\n1. Ff" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Luce has one allele for straight fur (F) and one allele for curly fur (f). So, Luce's genotype for the fur type gene is Ff.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a basketball court?\n\n0. 29 meters\n1. 29 centimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the length of a basketball court is 29 meters.\n29 centimeters is too short.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Your nephew,\nRuben\n1. Your Nephew,\nRuben" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich holiday greeting is more formal?\n\n0. May your Thanksgiving be filled with family and fun!\n1. I hope that you and your gang have a blast this Thanksgiving!" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first holiday greeting is more formal. It uses more ceremonious language (may your Thanksgiving be filled). The other holiday greeting uses slang (your gang, have a blast) and sounds more casual.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Some words are alike. They go together in a group.\nRed, blue, and green go together. They are colors.\nMom, dad, grandma, and grandpa go together. They are people in a family.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word is not like the others?\n\n0. fly\n1. bee\n2. pig\n3. ant" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Bee, ant, and fly go together. They are bugs. Pig is not a bug, so it is not like the other words.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nPedro put on an extra pair of socks this morning because it was so cold.\n\n0. weather\n1. climate" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nPedro put on an extra pair of socks this morning because it was so cold.\nThis passage tells you about the temperature this morning where Pedro lives. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nsped - sworn\n\n0. smash\n1. stunt" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince stunt is between the guide words sped - sworn, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nroasting a marshmallow over a campfire\ngrilling a hamburger\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are caused by heating.\n2. Both are only physical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nRoasting a marshmallow is a chemical change. The type of matter on the outside of the marshmallow changes. As a marshmallow is roasted, it turns brown and crispy.\nGrilling a hamburger is a chemical change. Heat from the grill causes the matter in the meat to change. Cooked meat and raw meat are different types of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBoth changes are caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Amphibians have moist skin and begin their lives in water.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the amphibian.\n\n0. koala\n1. helmeted iguana\n2. alpine newt\n3. red crowned crane" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An alpine newt is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nSome newts live in water. Other newts live on land but lay their eggs in water.\nA helmeted iguana is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nIguanas are a type of lizard. Iguanas eat plants and fruit.\nA koala is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nKoalas sleep for up to 20 hours a day!\nA red crowned crane is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nCranes wade in shallow water to look for food. Cranes eat insects, worms, and plants.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. Alexander Electronics has a reputation for responding quickly to all customer concerns and questions.\n1. Alexander Electronics has a reputation for responding real quick to customer concerns and questions." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses conversational language (real quick).\nThe first sentence uses formal language in place of the conversational language, so it is more formal overall.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word ironic in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Last winter, Terrence took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, a rare snowstorm happened to hit Florida that week.\n1. Last winter, Terrence took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, he just missed a few of his college friends, who had been in Florida the previous week." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second text uses ironic in its traditional sense: contrary to what was intended, often in an amusing way. It's ironic because Terrence tried to get away from the snow but found himself in a snowstorm regardless.\nLast winter, Terrence took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, a rare snowstorm happened to hit Florida that week.\nThe first text uses ironic in its nontraditional sense: marked by coincidence. It was a coincidence that Terrence's friends were in Florida the week before.\nLast winter, Terrence took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, he just missed a few of his college friends, who had been in Florida the previous week.\nMost style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word ironic because it is generally considered incorrect.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is the hardest?\n\n0. metal horseshoe\n1. burlap sack\n2. rubber gloves" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Hard is a property. A hard material keeps its shape when you press on it with your finger.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pushing on the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the metal horseshoe is the hardest. If you squeeze a metal horseshoe, it will not change shape.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence uses a simile?\n\n0. The baby fish in the aquarium are as tiny as specks.\n1. The baby fish in the aquarium are tiny specks." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This sentence uses a simile:\nThe baby fish in the aquarium are as tiny as specks.\nThe words baby fish and specks are compared using the word as.\nThis sentence uses a metaphor:\nThe baby fish in the aquarium are tiny specks.\nThe words baby fish and specks are compared without the word like or as.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Fawkes's phenotype for the cheek color trait?\n\n0. pale orange cheeks\n1. rr" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Fawkes's observable version of the cheek color trait is pale orange cheeks. So, Fawkes's phenotype for the cheek color trait is pale orange cheeks.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. Cindy didn't enter student politics until her junior year.\n1. Cindy did not enter student politics until her junior year." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses a contraction (didn't).\nThe first sentence does not use a contraction, so it is more formal.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A force is a push or a pull.\nA force can make an object start moving or stop an object that is moving. A force can also make an object speed up, slow down, or change direction.\nForces can be different sizes.\nThink about trying to move a heavy object and a light object. Imagine you want to move them at the same speed. You will need to use a larger force to move the heavy object.\n\nQuestion:\nThe donkeys move the carts at the same speed. Which cart is pulled with a larger force?\n\n0. a cart holding 63 pounds\n1. a cart holding 76 pounds" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look for the cart that is heavier.\nA cart holding 76 pounds is heavier than a cart holding 63 pounds. So, the cart holding 76 pounds needs a larger force to start moving at the same speed as the other cart.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving slower will go a shorter distance in that time. It is moving at a lower speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of two birds. Which bird was moving at a lower speed?\n\n0. a bird that moved 35miles in 10hours\n1. a bird that moved 50miles in 10hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each bird moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne bird moved 35 miles in 10 hours.\nThe other bird moved 50 miles in 10 hours.\nNotice that each bird spent the same amount of time moving. The bird that moved 35 miles moved a shorter distance in that time. So, that bird must have moved at a lower speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long does it take to mow the lawn?\n\n0. 33 minutes\n1. 33 hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for how long it takes to mow the lawn is 33 minutes.\n33 hours is too slow.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nBefore Kelly had even met her future husband in person, she knew about his reputation as a Romeo.\n\n0. literature\n1. British history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Romeo is literature.\nIn William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, Romeo is known for the eloquent declaration of love with which he woos Juliet.\nThe allusion Romeo means a man who is very romantic.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\na copper statue turning green\na piece of avocado turning brown\n\n0. Both are chemical changes.\n1. Both are caused by cooling.\n2. Both are only physical changes.\n3. Both are caused by heating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nA copper statue turning green is a chemical change. The copper reacts with oxygen in the air. This reaction forms a different type of matter called copper oxide. The copper oxide is green.\nA piece of avocado turning brown is a chemical change. The avocado reacts with oxygen in the air to form a different type of matter.\nIf you scrape off the brown part of the avocado, the inside will still be green. The inside hasn't touched the air. So the chemical change hasn't happened to that part of the avocado.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the least thermal energy?\n\n0. a 350-gram bath towel at a temperature of 21\u00b0F\n1. a 350-gram bath towel at a temperature of 35\u00b0F\n2. a 350-gram bath towel at a temperature of 18\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All three bath towels have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 18\u00b0F towel is the coldest, it has the least thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nAfter spending weeks in New York City, Jenny was a bit unnerved by the deafening silence of her small hometown.\n\n0. oxymoron\n1. euphemism" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nDeafening silence is a contradiction, because deafening describes something extremely loud, and silence is the absence of sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Eli inherited this trait?\n\n0. Eli likes to wear a blue sweater to match his blue eyes.\n1. Eli's mother has blue eyes. She passed this trait down to Eli." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Nero's genotype for the fur color gene?\n\n0. FF\n1. orange fur" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Nero has two alleles for orange fur (F). So, Nero's genotype for the fur color gene is FF.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Toby's phenotype for the fur length trait?\n\n0. short fur\n1. long fur" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Toby's genotype for the fur length gene is ff. Toby's genotype of ff has only f alleles. The f allele is for long fur. So, Toby's phenotype for the fur length trait must be long fur.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Toby's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for long fur (f) is recessive to the allele for short fur (F). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nToby's genotype of ff has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Toby's phenotype for the fur length trait must be long fur.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Billy acquired this trait?\n\n0. Billy's scar was caused by an accident. He cut his arm when he fell off his bicycle.\n1. Some scars fade more quickly than others." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this plant's phenotype for the fruit taste trait?\n\n0. sour fruit\n1. sweet fruit" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The muskmelon plant's genotype for the fruit taste gene is ff. The muskmelon plant's genotype of ff has only f alleles. The f allele is for sweet fruit. So, the muskmelon plant's phenotype for the fruit taste trait must be sweet fruit.\nTo check this answer, consider whether the muskmelon plant's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for sweet fruit (f) is recessive to the allele for sour fruit (F). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nThe muskmelon plant's genotype of ff has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, the muskmelon plant's phenotype for the fruit taste trait must be sweet fruit.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A force is a push or a pull.\nA force can make an object start moving or stop an object that is moving. A force can also make an object speed up, slow down, or change direction.\nForces can be different sizes.\nThink about trying to move a heavy object and a light object. Imagine you want to move them at the same speed. You will need to use a larger force to move the heavy object.\n\nQuestion:\nThe donkeys move the carts at the same speed. Which cart is pulled with a larger force?\n\n0. a cart holding 54 pounds\n1. a cart holding 53 pounds" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look for the cart that is heavier.\nA cart holding 54 pounds is heavier than a cart holding 53 pounds. So, the cart holding 54 pounds needs a larger force to start moving at the same speed as the other cart.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms that carry out photosynthesis are called photosynthetic organisms. During photosynthesis, these organisms use light energy to turn water and carbon dioxide into sugars and oxygen.\nPhotosynthetic organisms also often have the following characteristics:\nThey are producers, which are organisms that make their own food inside their cells. Producers don't usually eat other organisms.\nTheir cells contain chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are cell parts where photosynthesis occurs.\nTheir chloroplasts often contain chlorophyll, which is green. Chlorophyll captures energy from sunlight to power photosynthesis.\nThey use the sugars they make during photosynthesis as food. This food provides the organisms with the energy they need to live.\n\nQuestion:\nUse the evidence in the text to select the photosynthetic organism.\n\n0. Azalea plants have brightly colored flowers and green leaves. The leaves are green because they contain a substance called chlorophyll, which captures energy from sunlight.\n1. Anna's hummingbirds live on the western coast of North America. A male Anna's hummingbird has a shiny pink patch of feathers that can attract females." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This organism is photosynthetic:\nThe text tells you that azalea plants use chlorophyll to capture energy from sunlight. This is evidence that the azalea plant is a photosynthetic organism.\nThis organism is not photosynthetic:\nThe text does not provide evidence that the Anna's hummingbird is photosynthetic.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nrust forming on a metal gate\nburning a piece of wood\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are chemical changes.\n2. Both are only physical changes.\n3. Both are caused by heating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nRust forming on a metal gate is a chemical change. As the gate rusts, the metal turns into a different type of matter called rust. Rust is reddish-brown and falls apart easily.\nBurning a piece of wood is a chemical change. When the wood burns, the type of matter in it changes. The wood turns black and gives off smoke.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBurning is caused by heating. But rust forming on a metal gate is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. top\n1. jog\n2. pop" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words pop and top rhyme. They both end with the op sound.\nThe word jog does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Savannah investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Does a heavier ball travel farther than a lighter ball when launched from a catapult?\n1. Does a rubber ball travel farther when launched from a metal catapult or from a wooden catapult?\n2. Does a catapult with a longer arm launch a rubber ball farther than a catapult with a shorter arm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Dear Grandpa Robert,\n1. Dear grandpa Robert," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Grandpa Robert is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Steve decides to watch the comedy. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Steve will give up the chance to watch a movie with his sister.\n1. Steve will get to watch the movie that he is more excited about." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Steve wants or needs:\nSteve will give up the chance to watch a movie with his sister.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. The paper changes into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nIce melting is also a physical change. When ice melts, it changes from a solid to a liquid. But both ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water! This kind of change is called a change of state.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nBurning food on a stove is a ().\n\n0. physical change\n1. chemical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Food burning on a stove is a chemical change. The type of matter in the food changes. The food turns black and gives off smoke.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a hiking trail?\n\n0. 2 yards\n1. 2 feet\n2. 2 miles\n3. 2 inches" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a hiking trail is 2 miles.\n2 inches, 2 feet, and 2 yards are all too short.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true. Facts can be proved by observing, measuring, or studying information.\nThe flag of the United States has 13 stripes.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at the flag and counting the number of stripes.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nThe flag of the United States is easy to draw.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about what makes a flag \"easy\" to draw.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. Fifteen days is a long time to celebrate a holiday.\n1. The Chinese New Year celebration lasts for fifteen days." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence states a fact.\nThe Chinese New Year celebration lasts for fifteen days.\nIt can be proved by looking up information about the Chinese New Year.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nFifteen days is a long time to celebrate a holiday.\nLong time shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what is a long time.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a bus route across a small town?\n\n0. 4 meters\n1. 4 kilometers\n2. 4 centimeters\n3. 4 millimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a bus route across a small town is 4 kilometers.\n4 millimeters, 4 centimeters, and 4 meters are all too short.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long does it take to paint the walls in a bedroom?\n\n0. 3 hours\n1. 3 minutes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for how long it takes to paint the walls in a bedroom is 3 hours.\n3 minutes is too fast.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A force is a push or a pull.\nA force can make an object start moving or stop an object that is moving. A force can also make an object speed up, slow down, or change direction.\nForces can be different sizes.\nThink about trying to move a heavy object and a light object. Imagine you want to move them at the same speed. You will need to use a larger force to move the heavy object.\n\nQuestion:\nThe donkeys move the carts at the same speed. Which cart is pulled with a larger force?\n\n0. a cart holding 68 pounds\n1. a cart holding 84 pounds" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look for the cart that is heavier.\nA cart holding 84 pounds is heavier than a cart holding 68 pounds. So, the cart holding 84 pounds needs a larger force to start moving at the same speed as the other cart.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is harder?\n\n0. nylon swim shorts\n1. chalk" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Hard is a property. A hard material keeps its shape when you press on it with your finger.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pushing on the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the chalk is harder. If you squeeze a piece of chalk, it will not change shape.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Billy decides to plant the gardenias. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Billy will give up the chance to look at the fir tree. He thinks it would have looked more beautiful than the gardenias.\n1. He will save some space. The gardenias will use up less space than the fir tree would have used up." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Billy wants or needs:\nBilly will give up the chance to look at the fir tree. He thinks it would have looked more beautiful than the gardenias.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a simple sentence?\n\n0. Bears eat honeybees, and some birds eat them, too.\n1. The mayor left a message for the president." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the simple sentence. It has one subject and predicate.\nThe mayor left a message for the president.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the slowest will go the shortest distance in that time. It is moving at the lowest speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of three motorboats. Which motorboat was moving at the lowest speed?\n\n0. a motorboat that moved 185kilometers west in 5hours\n1. a motorboat that moved 165kilometers north in 5hours\n2. a motorboat that moved 120kilometers south in 5hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each motorboat moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each motorboat moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each motorboat moved for 5 hours. The motorboat that moved 120 kilometers moved the shortest distance in that time. So, that motorboat must have moved at the lowest speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a complete sentence?\n\n0. Food and water are fuel for our bodies.\n1. Mom kisses Danielle's cheek Danielle smiles at Mom." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Food and water are fuel for our bodies is a complete sentence. The subject is food and water, and the verb is are.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nMr. Greer will mail those letters.\n\n0. future tense\n1. present tense\n2. past tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, mail. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. Kentucky joined the United States in 1792.\n1. Mr. Atkinson cleans the chimney, and Mrs. Atkinson washes the car." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction and.\nMr. Atkinson cleans the chimney, and Mrs. Atkinson washes the car.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. first\n1. chirp\n2. thirst" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words first and thirst rhyme. They both end with the irst sound.\nThe word chirp does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word literally in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Victoria adores the classic Renaissance style of the Rialto Bridge in Venice. She was surprised to learn that the bridge remains functional even though it is literally hundreds of years old.\n1. Victoria adores the classic Renaissance style of the Rialto Bridge in Venice. She was surprised to learn that the bridge remains functional even though it is literally a million years old." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second text uses literally in its traditional sense: in a factual, non-exaggerated way.\nVictoria adores the classic Renaissance style of the Rialto Bridge in Venice. She was surprised to learn that the bridge remains functional even though it is literally hundreds of years old.\nThe first text uses literally in its nontraditional sense: nearly or in effect (often exaggerated). The bridge is old, but it is not actually a million years old.\nVictoria adores the classic Renaissance style of the Rialto Bridge in Venice. She was surprised to learn that the bridge remains functional even though it is literally a million years old.\nMost style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word literally because it is generally considered incorrect.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Shawna acquired this trait?\n\n0. Shawna likes to look at butterflies and beetles.\n1. Shawna learned to identify insects by reading many books about insects." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's velocity describes its speed and its direction.\nAn object has a constant velocity when neither its speed nor its direction is changing. So, an object has a constant velocity when the object is:\nmoving in a straight line at a constant speed, or\nremaining motionless.\nIf an object does not have a constant velocity, the object is accelerating. An object is accelerating when either its speed or its direction is changing. So, an object is accelerating when the object is:\nspeeding up,\nslowing down, or\nchanging direction.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich statement describes the motorcycle's motion?\n\n0. The motorcycle has a constant velocity.\n1. The motorcycle is accelerating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The motorcycle is changing direction. So, the motorcycle is accelerating.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this plant's phenotype for the thorns trait?\n\n0. having thorns\n1. not having thorns" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The rose plant's genotype for the thorns gene is rr. The rose plant's genotype of rr has only r alleles. The r allele is for not having thorns. So, the rose plant's phenotype for the thorns trait must be not having thorns.\nTo check this answer, consider whether the rose plant's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for not having thorns (r) is recessive to the allele for having thorns (R). This means R is a dominant allele, and r is a recessive allele.\nThe rose plant's genotype of rr has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, the rose plant's phenotype for the thorns trait must be not having thorns.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of an elephant?\n\n0. 6,730 kilograms\n1. 6,730 grams" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the mass of an elephant is 6,730 kilograms.\n6,730 grams is too light.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a passenger airplane?\n\n0. 48 pounds\n1. 48 tons\n2. 48 ounces" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the mass of a passenger airplane is 48 tons.\n48 ounces and 48 pounds are both too light.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nA log decomposing in the woods is a ().\n\n0. chemical change\n1. physical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The breakdown of plant and animal matter by organisms such as fungi and earthworms is called decomposition. A log decomposing in the woods is a chemical change.\nAs the log breaks down, the type of matter in it changes. Over time, the log becomes softer and has a different smell.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word tidy on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nthaw - trunk\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince tidy is between the guide words thaw - trunk, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Thank you,\nPorter\n1. thank you,\nPorter" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nAudrey has naturally red hair.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Humans do not choose their natural hair color. Some people dye their hair. But this does not change their natural hair color.\nChildren get their natural hair color from their parents. So, Audrey's hair color is an inherited trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Kraken's phenotype for the eye color trait?\n\n0. Ee\n1. red eyes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Kraken's observable version of the eye color trait is red eyes. So, Kraken's phenotype for the eye color trait is red eyes.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Gabe inherited this trait?\n\n0. Gabe's parents have blond hair. They passed down this trait to Gabe.\n1. Gabe's mother cuts his hair every month." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\na puddle freezing into ice on a cold night\ncutting an orange\n\n0. Both are caused by heating.\n1. Both are caused by cooling.\n2. Both are only physical changes.\n3. Both are chemical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nA puddle freezing into ice on a cold night is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. Liquid water freezes and becomes solid, but it is still made of water. A different type of matter is not formed.\nCutting an orange is a physical change. The orange gets a different shape. But it is still made of the same type of matter as the uncut orange.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nA puddle freezing is caused by cooling. But cutting an orange is not.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich change best matches the sentence?\nA part of Earth's surface shakes and trembles.\n\n0. flood\n1. erosion\n2. earthquake" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\ncooking a pancake\nan old sandwich rotting in a trashcan\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are chemical changes.\n2. Both are caused by heating.\n3. Both are only physical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nCooking a pancake is a chemical change. Pancakes are made from pancake batter. A cooked pancake is a different type of matter than pancake batter. Pancake batter is wet and slippery. Cooked pancakes are fluffy and can be good to eat!\nA sandwich rotting is a chemical change. The matter in the sandwich breaks down and slowly turns into a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nCooking is caused by heating. But a sandwich rotting is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nWendy is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years.\n\n0. simple\n1. compound\n2. complex\n3. compound-complex" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is compound-complex. It is made up of two independent clauses and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the relative pronoun which.\nWendy is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nPolly's phone slipped out of her pocket, landing in the toilet with a plop.\n\n0. idiom\n1. onomatopoeia" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses onomatopoeia, a word that expresses a sound.\nPlop represents the sound of the phone landing in the toilet.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nPresident Hamilton is an effective communicator, because he has a natural talent for speaking with people.\n\n0. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\n1. ad hominem: a personal attack against one's opponent" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that President Hamilton is an effective communicator because he communicates well. However, the \"evidence\" is just a restatement of the claim itself. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nweek - winter\n\n0. wonder\n1. whisper" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince whisper is between the guide words week - winter, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nAdriana has five toes on each foot.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Most humans are born with five toes on each foot. So, having five toes is an inherited trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the verbal irony in this text suggest?\nAccording to Mr. Kerr's kids, his snoring is as quiet as a jackhammer.\n\n0. The snoring occurs in bursts.\n1. The snoring is loud." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAs quiet as a jackhammer suggests that the snoring is loud. A jackhammer is not quiet, and neither is Mr. Kerr's snoring.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Turner acquired this trait?\n\n0. Turner rides his bicycle to school.\n1. Turner and his mother both ride bicycles.\n2. Turner's friend showed him how to ride a bicycle." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.\n\nQuestion:\nIs an apple a good or a service?\n\n0. a good\n1. a service" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide whether an apple is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs an apple something you can touch? Yes.\nIs an apple a job you might pay someone else to do? No.\nSo, an apple is a good.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\na rock heating up in a campfire\nmixing sand and water\n\n0. Both are only physical changes.\n1. Both are caused by cooling.\n2. Both are caused by heating.\n3. Both are chemical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nA rock heating up in a campfire is a physical change. The temperature of the rock goes up, but the rock is still made of the same type of matter.\nMixing sand and water is a physical change. Adding water makes the sand wet. But both the sand and water are still made of the same type of matter as before.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nA rock heating up in a campfire is caused by heating. But mixing sand and water is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a movie?\n\n0. \"Pirates of the Plain\"\n1. ***Pirates of the Plain***" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A movie should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **Pirates of the Plain**.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the temperature of the air on a cold, snowy day?\n\n0. 25\u00b0C\n1. 25\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the temperature of the air on a cold, snowy day is 25\u00b0F.\n25\u00b0C is too hot.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Aaron acquired this trait?\n\n0. Aaron's scar was caused by an accident. He cut his leg when he fell off his skateboard.\n1. Aaron's scar is on his left knee. His mother also has a scar on her left knee.\n2. Aaron's brother has scars on both of his knees." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving faster will go a farther distance in that time. It is moving at a higher speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of two fish. Which fish was moving at a higher speed?\n\n0. a fish that moved 40miles in 10hours\n1. a fish that moved 10miles in 10hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each fish moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne fish moved 40 miles in 10 hours.\nThe other fish moved 10 miles in 10 hours.\nNotice that each fish spent the same amount of time moving. The fish that moved 40 miles moved a farther distance in that time. So, that fish must have moved at a higher speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich plate of spaghetti has more thermal energy?\n\n0. the hotter plate of spaghetti\n1. the colder plate of spaghetti" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two plates of spaghetti are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the hotter plate of spaghetti has more thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. Senate leaders remain divided on the tax plan that they are negotiating.\n1. Senate leaders do not see eye to eye on the tax plan that they are negotiating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses an idiom (see eye to eye).\nThe first sentence uses formal language in place of the idiom, so it is more formal overall.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word ironic in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Last winter, Zane took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, a rare snowstorm happened to hit Florida that week.\n1. Last winter, Zane took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, he just missed a few of his college friends, who had been in Florida the previous week." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses ironic in its traditional sense: contrary to what was intended, often in an amusing way. It's ironic because Zane tried to get away from the snow but found himself in a snowstorm regardless.\nLast winter, Zane took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, a rare snowstorm happened to hit Florida that week.\nThe second text uses ironic in its nontraditional sense: marked by coincidence. It was a coincidence that Zane's friends were in Florida the week before.\nLast winter, Zane took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, he just missed a few of his college friends, who had been in Florida the previous week.\nMost style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word ironic because it is generally considered incorrect.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\n\"Your new hairstyle is so boring!\" Darrell remarked when his sister showed up with a pink-and-blue mohawk.\n\n0. simile\n1. verbal irony" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nBoring shows verbal irony because Darrell's sister's hairstyle is not at all boring.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a sentence fragment?\n\n0. We went to Texas, we saw an old fort.\n1. Closed the door to the baby's room." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Closed the door to the baby's room is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\nThe mosquitoes () us with their ceaseless biting and buzzing.\n\n0. irritated\n1. taunted" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Complete the sentence with the word taunted. It describes the mosquitoes as if they were people who torment others.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nHave you noticed that texting people is way more popular than calling them? Texting is clearly a much better way to communicate.\n\n0. ad hominem: an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\n1. straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n2. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that texting must be a better form of communication because it's more popular. However, this isn't necessarily true. A phone call may be a better way to communicate, even though texting is more popular. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as the bandwagon fallacy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nLisa thinks Mr. Vance is a Luddite because he doesn't own a cell phone.\n\n0. British history\n1. Roman history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Luddite is British history.\nIn the early nineteenth century, factories were replacing the jobs of craftsmen. Some of these craftsmen banded together to destroy the new machinery; those who did so were called Luddites.\nThe allusion Luddite means a person opposed to new technology.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Statements of fact make claims that are based on research, observation, or experimentation. Facts can be proved with evidence.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was shorter than King Louis XVI.\nThis statement is a fact. The statement can be verified by researching and comparing the height of each man.\nStatements of opinion make claims that are based on personal judgments or perspectives. Opinions can be supported by evidence, but they cannot be definitively proved.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was a better leader than King Louis XVI.\nThis statement is an opinion. People can have different ideas about what makes someone a \"better\" leader, so the statement cannot be proved.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. It is unfortunate that Mary Shelley could not publish Frankenstein under her own name.\n1. Although Mary Shelley published Frankenstein anonymously, her husband Percy Shelley wrote the introduction." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence states a fact. It can be verified by looking up who wrote the introduction to Frankenstein.\nAlthough Mary Shelley published Frankenstein anonymously, her husband Percy Shelley wrote the introduction.\nThe first sentence states an opinion. Unfortunate indicates a personal judgment.\nIt is unfortunate that Mary Shelley could not publish Frankenstein under her own name.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Sebastian acquired this trait?\n\n0. Sebastian knits sweaters using cotton, wool, and other types of yarn.\n1. Sebastian learned how to knit in an after school program." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the temperature of the air inside of a freezer?\n\n0. 19\u00b0C\n1. 19\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the temperature of the air inside of a freezer is 19\u00b0F.\n19\u00b0C is too hot.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nbreaking a ceramic plate\npicking up a paper clip with a magnet\n\n0. Both are only physical changes.\n1. Both are caused by heating.\n2. Both are chemical changes.\n3. Both are caused by cooling." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nBreaking a ceramic plate is a physical change. The plate gets broken into pieces. But each piece is still made of the same type of matter.\nPicking up a paper clip with a magnet is a physical change. The paper clip sticks to the magnet, but it is still made of the same type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell.\nAll living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change.\nAll living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the living thing.\n\n0. soccer ball\n1. paper clip\n2. crayon\n3. crab" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A paper clip is not a living thing.\nPaper clips do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nA soccer ball is not a living thing.\nSoccer balls do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nA crayon is not a living thing.\nCrayons do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nA crab is a living thing.\nCrabs grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Crabs are made up of many cells.\nCrabs are animals. Some crabs live in oceans. Other crabs live in freshwater or on land.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a complex sentence?\n\n0. My fleece hat keeps my head and ears warm on even the coldest winter days.\n1. Although she left her house early, Lola barely made it to the train station in time." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction although.\nAlthough she left her house early, Lola barely made it to the train station in time.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. Dad takes a shower at night, or he soaks in the bathtub.\n1. Today more than five million American alligators live in our wetlands." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction or.\nDad takes a shower at night, or he soaks in the bathtub.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\n\"I can't believe I tripped,\" John remarked. \"The curb must have ()\".\n\n0. jumped out in front of me\n1. been higher than I thought" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Complete the sentence with the phrase jumped out in front of me. It describes the curb as if it were a mischievous, unpredictable person.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. Living things use this energy to grow and change. All living things grow and change during their lives.\nAll living things sense changes in the world around them. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the living thing.\n\n0. ostrich\n1. crayon" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A crayon is not a living thing.\nCrayons do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to the world around them. They do not need food or water.\nAn ostrich is a living thing.\nOstriches grow and respond to the world around them. They need food and water.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has less thermal energy?\n\n0. a cherry pie at a temperature of 80\u00b0F\n1. a cherry pie at a temperature of 75\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two cherry pies have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 75\u00b0F pie is colder than the 80\u00b0F pie, it has less thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich pencil has more thermal energy?\n\n0. the colder pencil\n1. the hotter pencil" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two pencils are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the hotter pencil has more thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Hera's phenotype for the coat color trait?\n\n0. a red coat\n1. a black coat" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Hera's genotype for the coat color gene is LL. Hera's genotype of LL has only L allelles. The L allele is for a black coat. So, Hera's phenotype for the coat color trait must be a black coat.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Hera's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a red coat (l) is recessive to the allele for a black coat (L). This means L is a dominant allele, and l is a recessive allele.\nHera's genotype of LL has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Hera's phenotype for the coat color trait must be a black coat.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nburning a candle\nsilver jewelry tarnishing\n\n0. Both are caused by heating.\n1. Both are only physical changes.\n2. Both are chemical changes.\n3. Both are caused by cooling." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nBurning a candle is a chemical change. Both the wick and the melted wax burn. They react with oxygen in the air and turn into soot, carbon dioxide, and water.\nMetal turning less shiny over time is called tarnishing. Silver jewelry tarnishing is a chemical change. The silver reacts with sulfur in the air to form black tarnish. The tarnish is a different type of matter that was not there before the change.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBurning is caused by heating. But silver tarnishing is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the idiom in this text suggest?\nMalia has a lot on her plate: she is attending college, has a full-time job as a waitress, and volunteers at the animal shelter.\n\n0. Malia has worked up an appetite.\n1. Malia has many responsibilities." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom a lot on her plate suggests that Malia has many responsibilities. If you have a lot on your plate, you are busy with many different obligations.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Statements of fact make claims that are based on research, observation, or experimentation. Facts can be proved with evidence.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was shorter than King Louis XVI.\nThis statement is a fact. The statement can be verified by researching and comparing the height of each man.\nStatements of opinion make claims that are based on personal judgments or perspectives. Opinions can be supported by evidence, but they cannot be definitively proved.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was a better leader than King Louis XVI.\nThis statement is an opinion. People can have different ideas about what makes someone a \"better\" leader, so the statement cannot be proved.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. W. E. B. Du Bois's essays were compelling and insightful, but sometimes the language he used was difficult to understand.\n1. W. E. B. Du Bois was a founding member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence states a fact. It can be verified by looking up founders of NAACP.\nW. E. B. Du Bois was a founding member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).\nThe first sentence states an opinion. Compelling and insightful indicates a personal judgment.\nW. E. B. Du Bois's essays were compelling and insightful, but sometimes the language he used was difficult to understand.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich organ provides protection for some of the body's soft organs?\n\n0. stomach\n1. heart\n2. skeleton\n3. lungs" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nSteve has naturally curly hair.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Human hair can be naturally curly or naturally straight. Curly and straight are examples of hair texture.\nSome people decide to change how their hair looks. But this doesn't affect the natural texture of their hair. So, having naturally curly hair is an inherited trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought.\nRehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing a subject. It doesn't tell who is rehearsing.\nThe band I'm in.\nThis fragment is missing a verb. It doesn't tell what the band I'm in is doing.\nBecause we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing an independent clause. It doesn't tell what happened because of the concert.\n\nQuestion:\nIs this a sentence fragment?\nUntil the variable harlequin toad was rediscovered in a remote mountain region of Costa Rica.\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This is a sentence fragment. It does not express a complete thought.\nUntil the variable harlequin toad was rediscovered in a remote mountain region of Costa Rica.\nHere is one way to fix the sentence fragment:\nUntil the variable harlequin toad was rediscovered in a remote mountain region of Costa Rica, it was thought to be extinct.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving slower will go a shorter distance in that time. It is moving at a lower speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of two birds. Which bird was moving at a lower speed?\n\n0. a bird that moved 15miles in 5hours\n1. a bird that moved 5miles in 5hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each bird moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne bird moved 5 miles in 5 hours.\nThe other bird moved 15 miles in 5 hours.\nNotice that each bird spent the same amount of time moving. The bird that moved 5 miles moved a shorter distance in that time. So, that bird must have moved at a lower speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, or article should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a movie?\n\n0. \"So Dear to My Heart\"\n1. ***So Dear to My Heart***" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A movie should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **So Dear to My Heart**.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement.\nMagnesium is ().\n\n0. a compound\n1. an elementary substance" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You can tell whether magnesium is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of symbols in its chemical formula. A symbol contains either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for magnesium is Mg. This formula contains one symbol: Mg. So, the formula tells you that magnesium is made of one chemical element.\nSubstances made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. So, magnesium is an elementary substance.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms that carry out photosynthesis are called photosynthetic organisms. During photosynthesis, these organisms use light energy, carbon dioxide, and water to produce sugars and oxygen.\nPhotosynthetic organisms also often have the following characteristics:\nThey are producers, which are organisms that make their own food inside their cells. Because producers make their own food, they typically do not eat other organisms.\nTheir cells contain chloroplasts, which are cell structures where photosynthesis occurs.\nTheir chloroplasts often contain a green substance called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll captures light energy from the Sun to power photosynthesis.\nThey use the sugars they produce during photosynthesis as food. This food provides energy that helps the organisms live, grow, and reproduce.\n\nQuestion:\nUse the evidence in the text to select the photosynthetic organism.\n\n0. Painted nettles combine water and carbon dioxide to make sugars inside their cells. The painted nettles can use these sugars for energy.\n1. Planthoppers are insects that get sugars by sucking nectar from plants. The planthoppers can use these sugars for energy." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This organism is photosynthetic:\nThe text tells you that painted nettles combine water and carbon dioxide to make sugars, which they use for energy. This is evidence that the painted nettle is a photosynthetic organism.\nThis organism is not photosynthetic:\nThe text does not provide evidence that the planthopper is photosynthetic.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the fastest will go the farthest distance in that time. It is moving at the highest speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of three ducks. Which duck was moving at the highest speed?\n\n0. a duck that moved 400miles east in 10hours\n1. a duck that moved 545miles south in 10hours\n2. a duck that moved 660miles north in 10hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each duck moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each duck moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each duck moved for 10 hours. The duck that moved 660 miles moved the farthest distance in that time. So, that duck must have moved at the highest speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the least thermal energy?\n\n0. a 150-gram glass of orange juice at a temperature of 57\u00b0F\n1. a 150-gram glass of orange juice at a temperature of 55\u00b0F\n2. a 150-gram glass of orange juice at a temperature of 59\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All three glasses of orange juice have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 55\u00b0F glass of orange juice is the coldest, it has the least thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\nAs Reid rushed down the hill, the wind () his ears.\n\n0. rushed by\n1. sang in" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Complete the sentence with the phrase sang in. It describes the wind as if it were a singer.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\na banana getting ripe on the counter\nmilk going sour\n\n0. Both are caused by heating.\n1. Both are only physical changes.\n2. Both are caused by cooling.\n3. Both are chemical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nA banana getting ripe on the counter is a chemical change. As a banana ripens, the type of matter in it changes. The peel changes color and the inside becomes softer and sweeter.\nMilk going sour is a chemical change. The type of matter in the milk slowly changes. The new matter that is formed gives the milk its sour taste.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\ncells using oxygen to break down sugar\nburning food on a stove\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are chemical changes.\n2. Both are caused by heating.\n3. Both are only physical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nCells using oxygen to break down sugar is a chemical change. When sugar is broken down, it forms carbon dioxide and water.\nBurning food on a stove is a chemical change. When the food burns, the type of matter in it changes. The food turns black and gives off smoke.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBurning is caused by heating. But cells using oxygen to break down sugar is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a complex sentence?\n\n0. Although she left her house early, Mabel barely made it to the train station in time.\n1. The package includes some old letters from my grandma to my dad and a broken pocket watch." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction although.\nAlthough she left her house early, Mabel barely made it to the train station in time.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement.\nWater is ().\n\n0. an elementary substance\n1. a compound" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You can tell whether water is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of symbols in its chemical formula. A symbol contains either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for water is H2 O. This formula contains two symbols: H for hydrogen and O for oxygen. So, the formula tells you that water is made of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSubstances made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, water is a compound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. The paper changes into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nIce melting is also a physical change. When ice melts, it changes from a solid to a liquid. But both ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water! This kind of change is called a change of state.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nCooking an egg is a ().\n\n0. physical change\n1. chemical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Cooking an egg is a chemical change. The heat causes the matter in the egg to change. Cooked eggs and raw eggs are made of different types of matter.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nThere are usually more days with low air pressure than high air pressure where Chloe lives.\n\n0. weather\n1. climate" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nThere are usually more days with low air pressure than high air pressure where Chloe lives.\nAir pressure is caused by the weight of the air in the atmosphere. When the air pressure is low, the sky is usually cloudy. When the air pressure is high, the sky is usually clear.\nThis passage tells you about the usual pattern of air pressure where Chloe lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich holiday greeting is more formal?\n\n0. Happy 4th from the crew at Addison's.\n1. Best wishes for an enjoyable Independence Day from the entire staff at Addison's Cafe." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first holiday greeting is more formal. It uses more elevated language (Independence Day, the entire staff). The other holiday greeting uses casual language (happy 4 th, the crew) that is more familiar in tone.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement.\nCarbon tetrachloride is ().\n\n0. an elementary substance\n1. a compound" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You can tell whether carbon tetrachloride is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for carbon tetrachloride, CCl4, contains two atomic symbols: C for carbon and Cl for chlorine. So, the formula tells you that carbon tetrachloride is composed of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSince carbon tetrachloride is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, carbon tetrachloride is a compound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved true by research or observation.\nGeorge Washington became president of the United States in 1789.\nThis statement is a fact. It can be proved by researching what year George Washington was inaugurated president.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion can be supported by evidence, but it cannot be proved true.\nGeorge Washington was a better president than Thomas Jefferson.\nThis statement is an opinion. People can have different ideas about what makes someone a \"better\" president, so the statement cannot be proved.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. Living in the southwestern United States is more difficult than living in other parts of North America.\n1. The Navajo people are a Native American nation from the southwestern United States." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence states a fact.\nThe Navajo people are a Native American nation from the southwestern United States.\nIt can be proved by reading about the Navajo people.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nLiving in the southwestern United States is more difficult than living in other parts of North America.\nMore difficult shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what makes a place difficult to live in.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the ip sound.\nThe words lake and make rhyme. They both end with the ake sound.\nThe words tip and lake don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. pain\n1. sock\n2. main" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words pain and main rhyme. They both end with the ain sound.\nThe word sock does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\n\nQuestion:\nThe city of Oak Grove has been one of the world's biggest makers of cough drops for many years. But last month, Oak Grove's cough drop factories were destroyed by floods. What will probably happen to the overall supply of cough drops?\n\n0. The supply will probably go down.\n1. The supply will probably go up." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Floods destroyed the cough drop factories in Oak Grove. The number of producers of cough drops went down. So, the supply of cough drops will probably go down.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nMy opponent criticizes my budget proposal for the city. Nonsense. My opponent recklessly spends his income on expensive suits and fancy cars, and he thinks he can question my budget proposal?\n\n0. hasty generalization: a broad claim based on too few observations\n1. ad hominem: an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\n2. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that the opponent can't question the budget proposal because of his personal spending habits. This is a personal attack that isn't relevant to whether the opponent's criticisms are valid. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as ad hominem.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the vertebrate.\n\n0. three-toed sloth\n1. bess beetle\n2. praying mantis\n3. pipevine swallowtail butterfly" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A bess beetle is an insect. Like other insects, a bess beetle is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA three-toed sloth is a mammal. Like other mammals, a three-toed sloth is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA praying mantis is an insect. Like other insects, a praying mantis is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA pipevine swallowtail butterfly is an insect. Like other insects, a pipevine swallowtail butterfly is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Coco's phenotype for the body hair trait?\n\n0. a hairy body\n1. a hairless body" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You need to determine Coco's phenotype for the body hair trait. First, consider the alleles in Coco's genotype for the body hair gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for a hairy body (B) is dominant over the allele for a hairless body (b). This means B is a dominant allele, and b is a recessive allele.\nCoco's genotype of Bb has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Coco's phenotype for the body hair trait must be a hairy body.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is softer?\n\n0. plastic water pitcher\n1. styrofoam packing peanuts" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Soft is a property. A soft material changes shape when you press on it.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the styrofoam packing peanuts are softer. If you squeeze styrofoam packing peanuts, they will change shape.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Zach, did you ask the nurses if the flu vaccination is available yet?\n1. Zach, did you ask them if the flu vaccination is available yet?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun them is used without its antecedent.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. Them has been replaced with the nurses.\nZach, did you ask the nurses if the flu vaccination is available yet?\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is softer?\n\n0. silk necktie\n1. wood ruler" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Soft is a property. A soft material changes shape when pressed or squeezed.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the silk necktie is softer. If you press on silk fabric, it will change shape.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nstalk - swarm\n\n0. sprang\n1. sure" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince sure is between the guide words stalk - swarm, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a dinner fork?\n\n0. 65 kilograms\n1. 65 grams" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the mass of a dinner fork is 65 grams.\n65 kilograms is too heavy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought.\nRehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing a subject. It doesn't tell who is rehearsing.\nThe band I'm in.\nThis fragment is missing a verb. It doesn't tell what the band I'm in is doing.\nBecause we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing an independent clause. It doesn't tell what happened because of the concert.\n\nQuestion:\nIs there a sentence fragment?\nOn November 18, 1903, the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty was signed. Which gave the United States possession of the Panama Canal Zone.\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There is a sentence fragment that does not express a complete thought.\nOn November 18, 1903, the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty was signed. Which gave the United States possession of the Panama Canal Zone.\nHere is one way to fix the sentence fragment:\nOn November 18, 1903, the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty was signed, giving the United States possession of the Panama Canal Zone.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Moxie's genotype for the wool color gene?\n\n0. black wool\n1. ll" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Moxie has two alleles for black wool (l). So, Moxie's genotype for the wool color gene is ll.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nJenna has a scar on her right leg.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Quincy inherited this trait?\n\n0. Quincy's parents were born with straight hair. They passed down this trait to Quincy.\n1. Quincy and his father both have short hair." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought.\nRehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing a subject. It doesn't tell who is rehearsing.\nThe band I'm in.\nThis fragment is missing a verb. It doesn't tell what the band I'm in is doing.\nBecause we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing an independent clause. It doesn't tell what happened because of the concert.\n\nQuestion:\nIs there a sentence fragment?\nLava from the Hawaiian volcano Kilauea usually flows southward into the ocean. In June of 2014, though, northward.\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There is a sentence fragment that does not express a complete thought.\nLava from the Hawaiian volcano Kilauea usually flows southward into the ocean. In June of 2014, though, northward.\nHere is one way to fix the sentence fragment:\nLava from the Hawaiian volcano Kilauea usually flows southward into the ocean. In June of 2014, though, lava from the Puu Oo crater flowed northward.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word postage on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\npennies - praise\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince postage is between the guide words pennies - praise, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has more thermal energy?\n\n0. a 100-gram mug of cider at a temperature of 60\u00b0C\n1. a 100-gram mug of cider at a temperature of 75\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two mugs of cider have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 75\u00b0C mug of cider is hotter than the 60\u00b0C mug of cider, it has more thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ntap - than\n\n0. temper\n1. trouble" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince temper is between the guide words tap - than, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a can of soda pop?\n\n0. 315 liters\n1. 315 milliliters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of a can of soda pop is 315 milliliters.\n315 liters is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. Despite their large size, grizzly bears can run at speeds of up to thirty miles per hour.\n1. Eduardo will read the script on his own, and then we'll practice our lines together." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction and.\nEduardo will read the script on his own, and then we'll practice our lines together.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell.\nAll living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change.\nAll living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the living thing.\n\n0. kite\n1. sponge\n2. cave\n3. the Great Sphinx of Giza" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The Great Sphinx of Giza is not a living thing.\nThe Great Sphinx of Giza is a statue of a mythical sphinx, a creature with a lion's body and a human head. The Great Sphinx does not have all of the traits of a living thing. It does not grow or respond to the world around it. It does not need food or water.\nA cave is not a living thing.\nA cave may have animals or plants living inside. But a cave does not have all the traits of a living thing. A cave does not need food or water.\nA sponge is a living thing.\nSponges grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Sponges are made up of many cells.\nSponges are animals. They eat tiny organisms that float in the water.\nA kite is not a living thing.\nA kite does not have all the traits of a living thing. It moves fast in the wind, but it does not grow. It does not need food or water.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Honey's phenotype for the whisker type trait?\n\n0. Hh\n1. straight whiskers" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Honey's observable version of the whisker type trait is straight whiskers. So, Honey's phenotype for the whisker type trait is straight whiskers.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich change best matches the sentence?\nA river dries up after a few years of no rain.\n\n0. deposition\n1. drought\n2. meteorite crash" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nstretching a rubber band\nan iceberg melting slowly\n\n0. Both are only physical changes.\n1. Both are chemical changes.\n2. Both are caused by heating.\n3. Both are caused by cooling." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nStretching a rubber band is a physical change. The rubber band gets longer. But it is still made of the same type of matter as before.\nAn iceberg melting is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. An iceberg is made of frozen water. As it melts, the water changes from a solid to a liquid. But a different type of matter is not formed.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nAn iceberg melting is caused by heating. But stretching a rubber band is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nbattle - bounty\n\n0. business\n1. blouse" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince blouse is between the guide words battle - bounty, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nStanley's research on nineteenth-century philosophers led him down the rabbit hole.\n\n0. literature\n1. Greek mythology" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion down the rabbit hole is literature.\nLewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland tells the story of a young girl who follows a white rabbit down a rabbit hole and finds herself in a series of adventures in a surreal world.\nThe allusion down the rabbit hole means on a strange or difficult exploration.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nJen's phone slipped out of her pocket, landing in the toilet with a plop.\n\n0. verbal irony\n1. onomatopoeia" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses onomatopoeia, a word that expresses a sound.\nPlop represents the sound of the phone landing in the toilet.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Rosa inherited this trait?\n\n0. Some people use a hair dryer to straighten their hair. But Rosa and her brothers have naturally straight hair.\n1. Both of Rosa's biological parents have naturally black hair.\n2. When she was younger, Rosa wore ribbons in her naturally black hair." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nidea - impress\n\n0. interpret\n1. ignorant" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince ignorant is between the guide words idea - impress, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object.\n\nQuestion:\nAssume all other forces on Kinsley are balanced. Which statement describes the forces on Kinsley?\n\n0. The forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Kinsley.\n1. The forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Kinsley." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To determine if there is a net force on Kinsley, look at the forces:\nEarth's gravity is pulling Kinsley down with a force of 600 N.\nThe seat of the cart is pushing Kinsley up with a force of 1,200 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have different magnitudes: 600 N and 1,200 N. This means that the forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Kinsley.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nMr. McClure's class is so boring! Why are all literature classes so dull?\n\n0. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\n1. hasty generalization: a broad claim based on too few observations\n2. ad hominem: an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that a single boring class indicates that all classes on the same topic are dull. However, this isn't necessarily true. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a hasty generalization.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. The paper changes into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nIce melting is also a physical change. When ice melts, it changes from a solid to a liquid. But both ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water! This kind of change is called a change of state.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nAn old sandwich rotting in a trashcan is a ().\n\n0. chemical change\n1. physical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A sandwich rotting is a chemical change. The matter in the sandwich breaks down and slowly turns into a different type of matter.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a book?\n\n0. A Black Hole Is Not a Hole\n1. A black Hole Is Not a hole" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word a is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is A Black Hole Is Not a Hole.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nMr. Hoffman argues that we need to do more to prevent workplace injuries and fatalities. I doubt that someone so socially awkward would know a thing about office safety.\n\n0. ad hominem: a personal attack against one's opponent\n1. false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that being socially awkward determines knowledge of workplace safety. This is a personal attack that isn't relevant to Mr. Hoffman's desire to prevent workplace injuries. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as ad hominem.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Victoria investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do the deer eat fewer leaves from bean plants sprayed with coffee spray than from unsprayed bean plants?\n1. Do the deer eat more leaves from tomato plants or from squash plants?\n2. Do the deer eat fewer leaves from bean plants sprayed with garlic spray than from unsprayed bean plants?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this tomato plant's genotype for the leaf type gene?\n\n0. potato leaves\n1. ll" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. The tomato plant has two alleles for potato leaves (l). So, the plant's genotype for the leaf type gene is ll.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought.\nRehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing a subject. It doesn't tell who is rehearsing.\nThe band I'm in.\nThis fragment is missing a verb. It doesn't tell what the band I'm in is doing.\nBecause we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing an independent clause. It doesn't tell what happened because of the concert.\n\nQuestion:\nIs this a sentence fragment?\nAs odd as it might seem, the Guadalupe Mountains National Park in Texas offers one of the finest examples of an ancient marine reef.\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This is not a sentence fragment. It is a complete sentence because it expresses a complete thought.\nAs odd as it might seem, the Guadalupe Mountains National Park in Texas offers one of the finest examples of an ancient marine reef.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Lauren investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Does milk chocolate or dark chocolate melt faster when heated on the stove?\n1. Does dark chocolate or white chocolate melt faster when heated on the stove?\n2. Does milk chocolate melt faster when heated in a microwave or on a stove?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nWhere Cole lives, winter is the rainiest season of the year.\n\n0. weather\n1. climate" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nWhere Cole lives, winter is the rainiest season of the year.\nThis passage tells you about the usual precipitation where Cole lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nTyrone spoke at the city council meeting, claiming the new recycling regulations were draconian.\n\n0. Greek history\n1. a fairy tale" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion draconian is Greek history.\nDraco, a government official in seventh-century Athens, Greece, wrote a code of laws that called for severe punishments for even minor offenses.\nThe allusion draconian means harsh.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Jonah investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do rubber balloons stick to a wooden door or a metal door longer after being rubbed on his hair?\n1. Do rubber balloons or foil balloons stick to the wooden door longer after being rubbed on his hair?\n2. Do rubber balloons stick to a cotton blanket or a wooden door longer after being rubbed on his hair?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. The audition for the part of Dracula will begin in just a few minutes.\n1. Isaac couldn't find the definition for flax in the book's glossary, so he looked it up online." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction so.\nIsaac couldn't find the definition for flax in the book's glossary, so he looked it up online.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a run-on sentence?\n\n0. Coach Huber talked to her team before the game.\n1. Maria's bedroom is neat she puts everything away." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Maria's bedroom is neat she puts everything away is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined without end punctuation: Maria's bedroom is neat and She puts everything away.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true.\nThe month of July has more days than the month of June.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at a calendar and counting the number of days in each month.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nJuly is a better month than June for camping.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about which month is \"better\" for camping.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. Americans eat far too much food made from wheat.\n1. Wheat is a kind of grass that is used to make food." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence states a fact.\nWheat is a kind of grass that is used to make food.\nIt can be proved by looking up information about wheat.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nAmericans eat far too much food made from wheat.\nFar too much shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about how much is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nMonica has no school spirit\u2014she never comes to any of our football games.\n\n0. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct\n1. false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Monica doesn't have school spirit, because she doesn't go to football games. However, there may be a number of reasons why Monica doesn't go to football games. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one true statement.\n\n0. In an animal cell, the endoplasmic reticulum helps ribosomes build proteins.\n1. The vacuoles of an animal cell use sunlight to make sugar.\n2. Plant cells can have a nucleus but do not have chloroplasts." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Sasha decides to see the baboons. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Sasha will save some time. The baboons are close by, but she would have had to walk to the the other side of the zoo to see the zebras.\n1. Sasha will give up the chance to see the zebras. She would have enjoyed seeing them more than the baboons." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Sasha wants or needs:\nSasha will give up the chance to see the zebras. She would have enjoyed seeing them more than the baboons.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich letter opening is more formal?\n\n0. Dear Ed,\n1. Dear Mr. Novak," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first letter opening is more formal. It uses the recipient's personal title and last name. The other opening uses the recipient's first name, suggesting a more familiar relationship.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nThat child chews his food too loudly!\n\n0. past tense\n1. present tense\n2. future tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, chews. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is the hardest?\n\n0. glass jar\n1. cotton head band\n2. burlap sack" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Hard is a property. A hard material keeps its shape when you press on it with your finger.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pushing on the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the glass jar is the hardest. If you gently squeeze glass, it will not change shape.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.\n\nQuestion:\nIs fixing a car a good or a service?\n\n0. a service\n1. a good" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide whether fixing a car is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs fixing a car something you can touch? No.\nIs fixing a car a job you might pay someone else to do? Yes.\nSo, fixing a car is a service.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Patrick investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. When hung in the laundry room, do black cloth towels or white cloth towels dry more quickly?\n1. Does a small cloth towel or a large cloth towel dry faster when hung in the backyard?\n2. Do cloth towels dry faster if they are hung in the laundry room or in the backyard?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nseat - sped\n\n0. screech\n1. solution" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince solution is between the guide words seat - sped, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the allusion in this text suggest?\nLatrell seems to have the Midas touch. Without any special experience or training, he launched a thriving business and then established a well-respected charity.\n\n0. Latrell is successful at all that he does.\n1. Latrell is lazy and uninformed." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nThe allusion the Midas touch suggests that Latrell is successful at all that he does. In Greek mythology, King Midas has the power to turn anything he touches into gold, easily creating value from nothing.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\npouring milk on oatmeal\nerosion caused by wind\n\n0. Both are caused by heating.\n1. Both are only physical changes.\n2. Both are caused by cooling.\n3. Both are chemical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nPouring milk on oatmeal is a physical change. The oatmeal and milk form a creamy mixture. But making this mixture does not form a different type of matter.\nErosion caused by wind is a physical change. The wind carries away tiny pieces of rock. But the pieces of rock do not become a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nHelen told her friends that Eli was a typical Peter Pan type.\n\n0. a song\n1. literature" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Peter Pan is literature.\nIn a J. M. Barrie novel, the character Peter Pan retreats to Neverland and refuses to grow up.\nThe allusion Peter Pan means a person who won't take on adult responsibilities.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word lest on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nliner - local\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince lest is not between the guide words liner - local, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the hyperbole in this text suggest?\nAfter he finished the marathon, Edgar collapsed into a chair and declared that he could no longer move a single muscle.\n\n0. Edgar was very tired and sore.\n1. Edgar became paralyzed." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nThe hyperbole could no longer move a single muscle suggests that Edgar was very tired and sore. His muscles were not literally incapable of moving.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\n\"You might think you'll always be young,\" Mrs. Ballard counseled, \"but time ()\".\n\n0. creeps up on you\n1. affects everyone" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Complete the sentence with the phrase creeps up on you. It describes time as if it were a sneaky person.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true.\nThe month of July has more days than the month of June.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at a calendar and counting the number of days in each month.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nJuly is a better month than June for camping.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about which month is \"better\" for camping.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. The natives of Greenland used kayaks for hunting and fishing.\n1. Paddling a kayak down a river is an unforgettable experience." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence states a fact.\nThe natives of Greenland used kayaks for hunting and fishing.\nIt can be proved by reading a book about Greenland history.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nPaddling a kayak down a river is an unforgettable experience.\nUnforgettable shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what the experience is like.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is stickier?\n\n0. syrup\n1. silk necktie" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Sticky is a property. A sticky material can stick to other things.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the syrup is stickier. If you touch syrup, it will stick to you.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, or article should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a TV show?\n\n0. ***Wheel of Fortune***\n1. \"Wheel of Fortune\"" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A TV show should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **Wheel of Fortune**.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Billy investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do rubber balloons stick to a wooden door or a metal door longer after being rubbed on his hair?\n1. Do rubber balloons stick to a cotton blanket or a wooden door longer after being rubbed on his hair?\n2. Do rubber balloons or foil balloons stick to the wooden door longer after being rubbed on his hair?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. skirt\n1. sport\n2. dirt" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words skirt and dirt rhyme. They both end with the irt sound.\nThe word sport does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Christine decides to borrow the book from the library. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Christine will save some money by not buying the book.\n1. Christine will give up the chance to keep the book as long as she wants." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Christine wants or needs:\nChristine will give up the chance to keep the book as long as she wants.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\n\nQuestion:\nThe city of Castroville has been one of the world's biggest makers of cough drops for many years. But last month, Castroville's cough drop factories were destroyed by floods. What will probably happen to the overall supply of cough drops?\n\n0. The supply will probably go down.\n1. The supply will probably go up." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Floods destroyed the cough drop factories in Castroville. The number of producers of cough drops went down. So, the supply of cough drops will probably go down.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a short story?\n\n0. \"a Horseman in the Sky\"\n1. \"A Horseman in the Sky\"" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The words in and the are not important, so they should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is \"A Horseman in the Sky.\"\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks.\nThere are several ways to fix a run-on sentence:\nUse stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks.\n\nQuestion:\nIs this a run-on sentence?\nThe Twenty-Third Amendment gave citizens of Washington, D.C., the right to cast ballots for the nation's president and vice president, residents voted in a presidential election for the first time in 1964.\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This is a run-on sentence. It is a comma splice formed from two sentences run together, joined by just a comma.\nThe Twenty-Third Amendment gave citizens of Washington, D.C., the right to cast ballots for the nation's president and vice president, residents voted in a presidential election for the first time in 1964.\nHere is one way to fix the run-on sentence:\nThe Twenty-Third Amendment gave citizens of Washington, D.C., the right to cast ballots for the nation's president and vice president; residents voted in a presidential election for the first time in 1964.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. The dancer practices after work, or she dances on weekends.\n1. Tomorrow the price of gas may go up." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction or.\nThe dancer practices after work, or she dances on weekends.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nAll of my friends are coming to my birthday party. If Shawna doesn't, she might as well tell me that she doesn't like me.\n\n0. ad hominem: a personal attack against one's opponent\n1. false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that if Shawna doesn't go to the speaker's birthday party, it means that she hates the speaker. However, there may be a number of reasons why Shawna wouldn't go to the party. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Nick investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do watercolor paintings dry faster when they are placed inside or outside?\n1. Do watercolor paintings dry faster when placed next to a fan?\n2. Does a large watercolor painting or a small watercolor painting dry faster?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. Elijah had a growth spurt, and now most of his pants are too short.\n1. During last night's game, the tall, lanky girl easily spiked the volleyball over the net and blocked all the other team's hits." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction and.\nElijah had a growth spurt, and now most of his pants are too short.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nBrett argues that American schools should offer foreign language classes at every level. I disagree. How could Brett not see the value of learning English?\n\n0. false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\n1. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good\n2. straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Brett claims that Americans should stop learning English and only study foreign languages. However, this misrepresents Brett's argument. Brett only wants more foreign language instruction. He says nothing about eliminating English instruction. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a straw man.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A thermometer is a tool that measures temperature. Temperature can be measured in degrees. The symbol for degrees is \u00b0.\nSome thermometers measure temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F). Fahrenheit is one scale used to measure temperature.\nThis is a tube thermometer. It has a tube filled with a red liquid.\nThere is a Fahrenheit scale along the right side of the tube. The top of the red liquid lines up with the number 80 on the scale. So, the temperature shown by this thermometer is 80\u00b0F.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the temperature shown by this thermometer.\n\n0. 45\u00b0F\n1. 65\u00b0F\n2. 35\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Find the top of the red liquid.\nNow look at the scale to the right. The top of the red liquid is halfway between 30 and 40. So, the temperature is 35\u00b0F.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\nThe path was steep and rocky, and the bus () hard as it made a slow ascent.\n\n0. worked\n1. breathed" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Complete the sentence with the word breathed. It describes the car as if it were a person who was exercising.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a complex sentence?\n\n0. Ethan's ears were ringing after he stood near the stage for the entire concert.\n1. Henry Bacon's design of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., won him a gold medal from the American Institute of Architects." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction after.\nEthan's ears were ringing after he stood near the stage for the entire concert.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nCompanies that make huge profits must be exploiting their customers because the only way a company could make large profits is by taking advantage of their customers.\n\n0. false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\n1. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\n2. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that companies that make huge profits must be engaging in exploitation because the only way a company can make huge profits is by exploiting their customers. However, the \"evidence\" is just a restatement of the claim itself. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the temperature of the air inside of a refrigerator?\n\n0. 4\u00b0F\n1. 4\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the temperature of the air inside of a refrigerator is 4\u00b0C.\n4\u00b0F is too cold.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nWhere Heather lives, winter is the rainiest season of the year.\n\n0. weather\n1. climate" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nWhere Heather lives, winter is the rainiest season of the year.\nThis passage tells you about the usual precipitation where Heather lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Best Wishes,\nAmanda\n1. Best wishes,\nAmanda" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Pamela inherited this trait?\n\n0. When she was younger, Pamela wore ribbons in her naturally black hair.\n1. Both of Pamela's biological parents have naturally black hair.\n2. Some people use a hair dryer to straighten their hair. But Pamela and her brothers have naturally straight hair." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true.\nThe month of July has more days than the month of June.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at a calendar and counting the number of days in each month.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nJuly is a better month than June for camping.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about which month is \"better\" for camping.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. In general, newborn babies cry far too often.\n1. Babies don't shed tears until they are about a month old." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence states a fact.\nBabies don't shed tears until they are about a month old.\nIt can be proved by checking a website about newborn babies.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nIn general, newborn babies cry far too often.\nFar too often shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about how often is too often.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. sincerely,\nMartin\n1. Sincerely,\nMartin" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has half as much thermal energy as a 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the smaller brick has half as many atoms. So, it has half as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nTwo blocks of iron have the same temperature but different masses. Which block has less thermal energy?\n\n0. the block of iron with less mass\n1. the block of iron with more mass" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two blocks of iron have the same temperature and are made of the same type of matter. So, the block of iron with less mass has less thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\nEven a week after the eruption, the volcano was still () clouds of smoke.\n\n0. belching\n1. releasing" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Complete the sentence with the word belching. It describes the volcano as if it were a person who is burping.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Roger inherited this trait?\n\n0. Roger's mother has blue eyes. She passed this trait down to Roger.\n1. Roger likes to wear a blue sweater to match his blue eyes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. Every morning my alarm clock wakes me at six o'clock.\n1. Mom can sew buttons, and Sasha wants to learn how." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction and.\nMom can sew buttons, and Sasha wants to learn how.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word lose on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nlit - lung\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince lose is between the guide words lit - lung, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nColleen lives in a town with hot summers and freezing cold winters.\n\n0. climate\n1. weather" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nColleen lives in a town with hot summers and freezing cold winters.\nThis passage tells you about the usual temperatures where Colleen lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement.\nSilicon carbide is ().\n\n0. an elementary substance\n1. a compound" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You can tell whether silicon carbide is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for silicon carbide, SiC, contains two atomic symbols: Si for silicon and C for carbon. So, the formula tells you that silicon carbide is composed of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSince silicon carbide is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, silicon carbide is a compound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Love,\nColleen\n1. love,\nColleen" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word grain on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ngallop - generous\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince grain is not between the guide words gallop - generous, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the fastest will go the farthest distance in that time. It is moving at the highest speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of three cars. Which car was moving at the highest speed?\n\n0. a car that moved 115kilometers north in 5hours\n1. a car that moved 510kilometers north in 5hours\n2. a car that moved 435kilometers west in 5hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each car moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each car moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each car moved for 5 hours. The car that moved 510 kilometers moved the farthest distance in that time. So, that car must have moved at the highest speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nLogan, you didn't vote in the last election, so you clearly have no regard for the democracy in which we live.\n\n0. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good\n1. false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Logan must not care about democracy, because he didn't vote in the election. However, there may be a number of reasons why Logan didn't vote in the election. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nChristina has a scar on her right hand.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks.\nThere are several ways to fix a run-on sentence:\nUse stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks.\n\nQuestion:\nIs this a run-on sentence?\nLasagna is a delicious comfort food, it can be made healthier with the addition of vegetables such as mushrooms and kale.\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This is a run-on sentence. It is a comma splice formed from two sentences run together, joined by just a comma.\nLasagna is a delicious comfort food, it can be made healthier with the addition of vegetables such as mushrooms and kale.\nHere is one way to fix the run-on sentence:\nLasagna is a delicious comfort food, but it can be made healthier with the addition of vegetables such as mushrooms and kale.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nroasting a marshmallow over a campfire\na copper statue turning green\n\n0. Both are caused by heating.\n1. Both are caused by cooling.\n2. Both are only physical changes.\n3. Both are chemical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nRoasting a marshmallow is a chemical change. The type of matter on the outside of the marshmallow changes. As a marshmallow is roasted, it turns brown and crispy.\nA copper statue turning green is a chemical change. The copper reacts with oxygen in the air. This reaction forms a different type of matter called copper oxide. The copper oxide is green.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nRoasting is caused by heating. But a copper statue turning green is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following statement true or false?\nThe cell membrane is the outermost layer in an animal cell.\n\n0. true\n1. false" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The cell membrane is the outermost layer in an animal cell.\nThis statement is true. An animal cell does not have a cell wall. The cell membrane is the outermost layer in an animal cell.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word nauseous in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Everyone seemed to enjoy the magnolia-scented candle, but it made Kurt feel rather nauseous.\n1. Everyone seemed to enjoy the magnolia-scented candle, but Kurt found the smell rather nauseous." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses nauseous in its traditional sense: causing disgust or nausea.\nEveryone seemed to enjoy the magnolia-scented candle, but Kurt found the smell rather nauseous.\nThe second text uses nauseous in its nontraditional sense: feeling disgusted or nauseated.\nEveryone seemed to enjoy the magnolia-scented candle, but it made Kurt feel rather nauseous.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word nauseous because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving slower will go a shorter distance in that time. It is moving at a lower speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of two mountain bikers. Which mountain biker was moving at a lower speed?\n\n0. a mountain biker who moved 120kilometers in 5hours\n1. a mountain biker who moved 155kilometers in 5hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each mountain biker moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne mountain biker moved 120 kilometers in 5 hours.\nThe other mountain biker moved 155 kilometers in 5 hours.\nNotice that each mountain biker spent the same amount of time moving. The mountain biker who moved 120 kilometers moved a shorter distance in that time. So, that mountain biker must have moved at a lower speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nIt's an open secret that Colin is writing a book based on his experiences living in Singapore. He never talks about it, but almost all his friends know.\n\n0. euphemism\n1. oxymoron" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nOpen secret is a contradiction, because open describes something that is freely or publicly known, and a secret is hidden.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nHansen folded the wool blanket on his bed.\n\n0. past tense\n1. present tense\n2. future tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in past tense. You can tell because it uses a past-tense verb, folded. The verb ends in -ed and tells you about something that has already happened.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a parking space?\n\n0. 25 feet\n1. 25 miles\n2. 25 inches\n3. 25 yards" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a parking space is 25 feet.\n25 inches is too short. 25 yards and 25 miles are too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nacid rain weathering a marble statue\nbaking a loaf of bread\n\n0. Both are only physical changes.\n1. Both are caused by cooling.\n2. Both are caused by heating.\n3. Both are chemical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nAcid rain weathering a marble statue is a chemical change. The acid rain reacts with the outside of the statue and breaks it down into a different type of matter. This new matter is then washed away by the rain. Acid rain is a type of pollution. It forms when smoke from automobiles and factories mixes with water in clouds.\nAcid rain is a type of pollution. It forms when automobiles and factories release smoke containing sulfur or nitrogen. Some of these chemicals react with water in the atmosphere. The reaction forms droplets of water that can fall back to the ground as acid rain.\nBaking a loaf of bread is a chemical change. The type of matter in the dough changes when it is baked. The dough turns into bread!\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBaking is caused by heating. But acid rain weathering a marble statue is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Kurt investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do the squirrels select sunflower seeds or walnuts more often?\n1. Do the squirrels eat walnuts from large feeders more often than from small feeders?\n2. Which type of tree do the squirrels feed from most often?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the least thermal energy?\n\n0. a cherry pie at a temperature of 43\u00b0C\n1. a cherry pie at a temperature of 24\u00b0C\n2. a cherry pie at a temperature of 35\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All three cherry pies have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 24\u00b0C pie is the coldest, it has the least thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nMost of the people who knew Deion considered him to be an unrepentant Casanova.\n\n0. history\n1. Shakespeare" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Casanova is history.\nThe autobiography of Giovanni Giacomo Casanova, an eighteenth-century Italian adventurer, details and perhaps exaggerates his amorous adventures and success with women.\nThe allusion Casanova means a womanizer.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Poets often use the sounds of words to create interesting effects and to express moods and emotions. Understanding these elements of poetry can help you better interpret and appreciate poetic forms.\nAnaphora is the repetition of words or sequences of words at the beginning of multiple phrases, sentences, or lines.\nOut of the cradle endlessly rocking,\nOut of the mocking-bird's throat, the musical shuttle,\nOut of the Ninth-month midnight\n\u2014From Walt Whitman, \"Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking\"\nOnomatopoeia is when language sounds like what it talks about.\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses made-up words:\nTlot-tlot! tlot-tlot! Had they heard it? The horse hoofs ringing clear.\n\u2014From Alfred Noyes, \"The Highwayman\"\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses real words:\nHark! the honey bee is humming.\n\u2014From Mary Howitt, \"The Voice of Spring\"\nAlliteration is when beginning consonant sounds are repeated in words that are close together.\nWhere the wild men watched and waited\nWolves in the forest, and bears in the bush.\n\u2014From Bayard Taylor, \"A Night with a Wolf\"\nAssonance is the repetition of vowel sounds. Often, assonance can create rhymes or near-rhymes within lines.\nI wandered lonely as a Cloud\nThat floats on high o'er Vales and Hills,\nWhen all at once I saw a crowd,\nA host of golden Daffodils.\n\u2014From William Wordsworth, \"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud\"\nMeter is a poem's rhythm, or the pattern of strong and weak syllables. Strong syllables are stressed, while weak syllables are unstressed.\nA poem has an iambic meter when the beat sounds like da-DUM. A weak syllable is followed by a strong syllable. Occasionally, a line may begin with a strong syllable.\nHe watches from his mountain walls,\nAnd like a thunderbolt he falls.\n\u2014From Alfred, Lord Tennyson, \"The Eagle\"\nA poem has a trochaic meter when the beat sounds like DUM-da. A strong syllable is followed by a weak syllable. Occasionally, a line may end in a strong syllable.\nBack into the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning,\nSoon again I heard a tapping somewhat louder than before.\n\u2014From Edgar Allen Poe, \"The Raven\"\nFree verse is when a poem has neither a regular rhythm nor a rhyme pattern.\nThe old bridge has a wrinkled face.\nHe bends his back\nFor us to go over.\n\u2014From Hilda Conkling, \"The Old Bridge\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. You can see this poem does not have a regular rhythm. It also doesn't have a rhyme pattern.\n\nQuestion:\nChoose the poem that uses anaphora.\n\n0. So much have I forgotten in ten years,\nSo much in ten brief years; I have forgot\nWhat time the purple apples come to juice\nAnd what month brings the shy forget-me-not.\n1. My vigor is a new-minted penny,\nWhich I cast at your feet.\nGather it up from the dust,\nThat its sparkle may amuse you." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This poem uses anaphora. It repeats the same word or words at the beginning of multiple lines or phrases.\nAnd what month brings the shy forget-me-not.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Clayton inherited this trait?\n\n0. Clayton's parents have blond hair. They passed down this trait to Clayton.\n1. Clayton's mother cuts his hair every month." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement.\nGlucose is ().\n\n0. an elementary substance\n1. a compound" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You can tell whether glucose is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of symbols in its chemical formula. A symbol contains either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for glucose is C6 H12 O6. This formula contains three symbols: C for carbon, H for hydrogen, and O for oxygen. So, the formula tells you that glucose is made of three chemical elements bonded together.\nSubstances made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, glucose is a compound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nShe was not surprised by his reaction to the film, for she had long considered him somewhat of a philistine.\n\n0. Greek mythology\n1. the Bible" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion philistine is the Bible.\nThe Philistines were a group of people who lived in Palestine during Biblical times. They are described in the Bible as superstitious people who indulged excessively in alcohol and had no relationship with God.\nThe allusion philistine means a person hostile or indifferent to culture and the arts.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the allusion in this text suggest?\nWhen Elizabeth claimed she had loaded the dishwasher before turning on Dancing with the Stars, her mother replied, \"Your nose is growing!\"\n\n0. Elizabeth was lying.\n1. Elizabeth was goofy." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nThe allusion nose is growing suggests that Elizabeth was lying. In the story of Pinocchio, when Pinocchio lies, his nose grows longer.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. When paper gets hot enough, it reacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, ice melting is a physical change. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nAn antacid tablet reacting with water is a ().\n\n0. physical change\n1. chemical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An antacid tablet reacting with water is a chemical change. When the tablet touches water, the type of matter in the tablet changes and carbon dioxide gas is released. This gas makes the water fizz.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a sentence fragment?\n\n0. Her comfortable clothing and her warm coat.\n1. The city manager will run the meeting she will explain the budget." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Her comfortable clothing and her warm coat is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Poets often use the sounds of words to create interesting effects and to express moods and emotions. Understanding these elements of poetry can help you better interpret and appreciate poetic forms.\nAnaphora is the repetition of words or sequences of words at the beginning of multiple phrases, sentences, or lines.\nOut of the cradle endlessly rocking,\nOut of the mocking-bird's throat, the musical shuttle,\nOut of the Ninth-month midnight\n\u2014From Walt Whitman, \"Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking\"\nOnomatopoeia is when language sounds like what it talks about.\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses made-up words:\nTlot-tlot! tlot-tlot! Had they heard it? The horse hoofs ringing clear.\n\u2014From Alfred Noyes, \"The Highwayman\"\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses real words:\nHark! the honey bee is humming.\n\u2014From Mary Howitt, \"The Voice of Spring\"\nAlliteration is when beginning consonant sounds are repeated in words that are close together.\nWhere the wild men watched and waited\nWolves in the forest, and bears in the bush.\n\u2014From Bayard Taylor, \"A Night with a Wolf\"\nAssonance is the repetition of vowel sounds. Often, assonance can create rhymes or near-rhymes within lines.\nI wandered lonely as a Cloud\nThat floats on high o'er Vales and Hills,\nWhen all at once I saw a crowd,\nA host of golden Daffodils.\n\u2014From William Wordsworth, \"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud\"\nMeter is a poem's rhythm, or the pattern of strong and weak syllables. Strong syllables are stressed, while weak syllables are unstressed.\nA poem has an iambic meter when the beat sounds like da-DUM. A weak syllable is followed by a strong syllable. Occasionally, a line may begin with a strong syllable.\nHe watches from his mountain walls,\nAnd like a thunderbolt he falls.\n\u2014From Alfred, Lord Tennyson, \"The Eagle\"\nA poem has a trochaic meter when the beat sounds like DUM-da. A strong syllable is followed by a weak syllable. Occasionally, a line may end in a strong syllable.\nBack into the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning,\nSoon again I heard a tapping somewhat louder than before.\n\u2014From Edgar Allen Poe, \"The Raven\"\nFree verse is when a poem has neither a regular rhythm nor a rhyme pattern.\nThe old bridge has a wrinkled face.\nHe bends his back\nFor us to go over.\n\u2014From Hilda Conkling, \"The Old Bridge\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. You can see this poem does not have a regular rhythm. It also doesn't have a rhyme pattern.\n\nQuestion:\nChoose the poem that uses alliteration.\n\n0. She knows a cheap release\nFrom worry and from pain\u2014\nThe cowboys spur their horses\nOver the unending plain.\n1. So I gazed on this unhappy thing\nWith wonder and surprise,\nWhile sadly with his waving wing\nHe wiped his weeping eyes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This poem uses alliteration. It repeats beginning consonant sounds.\nHe wiped his weeping eyes.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a long-distance running race?\n\n0. 13 yards\n1. 13 inches\n2. 13 feet\n3. 13 miles" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a long-distance running race is 13 miles.\n13 inches, 13 feet, and 13 yards are all too short.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nNewly poured concrete becoming hard is a ().\n\n0. chemical change\n1. physical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Concrete hardening is a chemical change. The chemicals in the concrete react with each other to form a different type of matter. The new matter is hard and strong.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word fence on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nforecast - furnish\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince fence is not between the guide words forecast - furnish, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word teeth on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ntalk - thy\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince teeth is between the guide words talk - thy, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving slower will go a shorter distance in that time. It is moving at a lower speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of two speed walkers. Which speed walker was moving at a lower speed?\n\n0. a speed walker who moved 40kilometers in 5hours\n1. a speed walker who moved 45kilometers in 5hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each speed walker moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne speed walker moved 40 kilometers in 5 hours.\nThe other speed walker moved 45 kilometers in 5 hours.\nNotice that each speed walker spent the same amount of time moving. The speed walker who moved 40 kilometers moved a shorter distance in that time. So, that speed walker must have moved at a lower speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word mill on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nmarry - moment\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince mill is between the guide words marry - moment, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Birds have feathers, two wings, and a beak.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the bird.\n\n0. Surinam horned frog\n1. cassowary\n2. western toad\n3. poison dart frog" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A poison dart frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nPoison dart frogs come in many bright colors. Their bright color warns other animals that these frogs are poisonous.\nA western toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nToads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole.\nA Surinam horned frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nFrogs live near water or in damp places. Most frogs lay their eggs in water.\nA cassowary is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nCassowaries have wings, but they cannot fly! They can run very fast.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich change better matches the sentence?\nMelted rock comes out from below Earth's surface.\n\n0. wildfire\n1. volcanic eruption" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one true statement.\n\n0. The cytoplasm fills and maintains the space inside a plant cell.\n1. The chromosomes of a plant cell use sunlight to make sugar.\n2. The Golgi directs cell activities by sending instructions to different parts of an animal cell." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nEspecially in summer, the upper deck of the health club offered a sybaritic escape.\n\n0. British history\n1. Greek history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion sybaritic is Greek history.\nLocated in a fertile coastal area of southern Italy, Sybaris was a prosperous Greek city known for its citizens' lavish lifestyles.\nThe allusion sybaritic means luxurious.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nAfter Brenna cooked and served a scrumptious dinner, Dad boasted that she is the Julia Child of our family.\n\n0. allusion\n1. pun" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nJulia Child alludes to the famous chef who is known for popularizing French cuisine in the United States.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nbabies - blew\n\n0. bite\n1. brass" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince bite is between the guide words babies - blew, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence uses a metaphor?\n\n0. His voice is as deep as a foghorn.\n1. His deep voice is a foghorn." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This sentence uses a metaphor:\nHis deep voice is a foghorn.\nThe words voice and foghorn are compared without the word like or as.\nThis sentence uses a simile:\nHis voice is as deep as a foghorn.\nThe words voice and foghorn are compared using the word as.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nMr. Benton will repeat the numbers to the class.\n\n0. present tense\n1. past tense\n2. future tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, repeat. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a watering can?\n\n0. 23 fluid ounces\n1. 23 gallons\n2. 23 cups" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the volume of a watering can is 23 cups.\n23 fluid ounces is too little and 23 gallons is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Nabi's phenotype for the body hair trait?\n\n0. a hairless body\n1. a hairy body" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Nabi's genotype for the body hair gene is bb. Nabi's genotype of bb has only b alleles. The b allele is for a hairless body. So, Nabi's phenotype for the body hair trait must be a hairless body.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Nabi's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a hairy body (B) is dominant over the allele for a hairless body (b). This means B is a dominant allele, and b is a recessive allele.\nNabi's genotype of bb has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Nabi's phenotype for the body hair trait must be a hairless body.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long does it take to make a paper airplane?\n\n0. 45 seconds\n1. 45 hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for how long it takes to make a paper airplane is 45 seconds.\n45 hours is too slow.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Valentina investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do large candles or small candles produce more smoke?\n1. Do candles with thick wicks or with thin wicks produce more smoke?\n2. Do scented candles or unscented candles produce more smoke?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word general on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ngloomy - grew\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince general is not between the guide words gloomy - grew, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a complete sentence?\n\n0. Haru is from Japan, I am from China.\n1. Coach Johnson talked to her team before the game." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Coach Johnson talked to her team before the game is a complete sentence. The subject is Coach Johnson, and the verb is talked.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nJayden's definitely voting for the Conservative Party in the next election because he said there was no way he was voting for the Labour Party.\n\n0. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good\n1. slippery slope fallacy: the false assumption that a small first step will lead to extreme consequences\n2. false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Jayden is voting either for the candidate from the Conservative Party or the Labour Party. However, Jayden might be voting for a third party\u2014or he might not be voting at all. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a run-on sentence?\n\n0. Our school has rules, we always follow them.\n1. Our cabin has bunk beds for the kids." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Our school has rules, we always follow them is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined by just a comma: Our school has rules and We always follow them.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich bowl of oatmeal has less thermal energy?\n\n0. the colder bowl of oatmeal\n1. the hotter bowl of oatmeal" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two bowls of oatmeal are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the colder bowl of oatmeal has less thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nwares - wise\n\n0. which\n1. wore" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince which is between the guide words wares - wise, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement and always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn imperative sentence makes a request or a demand and usually ends with a period. If a demand shows strong feeling, it can end with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn interrogative sentence asks a question and always ends with a question mark.\nGiven the recent critiques of her new strategic plan, do you think the CEO will reconsider the company's direction?\nAn exclamatory sentence is a statement that shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamation always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nLeah considers Paris the most romantic city in the world.\n\n0. interrogative\n1. declarative\n2. exclamatory" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is a statement and ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the vertebrate.\n\n0. grasshopper\n1. ladybug\n2. Asian elephant\n3. nautilus" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A nautilus is a mollusk. Like other mollusks, a nautilus is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone.\nA ladybug is an insect. Like other insects, a ladybug is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nAn Asian elephant is a mammal. Like other mammals, an Asian elephant is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA grasshopper is an insect. Like other insects, a grasshopper is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\npicking up a paper clip with a magnet\nwater evaporating from a lake\n\n0. Both are only physical changes.\n1. Both are caused by heating.\n2. Both are chemical changes.\n3. Both are caused by cooling." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nPicking up a paper clip with a magnet is a physical change. The paper clip sticks to the magnet, but it is still made of the same type of matter.\nWater evaporating from a lake is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The liquid changes into a gas, but a different type of matter is not formed.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nWater evaporating is caused by heating. But picking up a paper clip with a magnet is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Kiera's phenotype for the sickle-cell disease trait?\n\n0. having sickle-cell disease\n1. not having sickle-cell disease" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Kiera's genotype for the sickle-cell disease gene is AA. Kiera's genotype of AA has only A allelles. The A allele is for not having sickle-cell disease. So, Kiera's phenotype for the sickle-cell disease trait must be not having sickle-cell disease.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Kiera's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for not having sickle-cell disease (A) is dominant over the allele for having sickle-cell disease (a). This means A is a dominant allele, and a is a recessive allele.\nKiera's genotype of AA has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Kiera's phenotype for the sickle-cell disease trait must be not having sickle-cell disease.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nI meant what I said\nAnd I said what I meant. . .\nAn elephant's faithful\nOne hundred per cent!\n\u2014Dr. Seuss, Horton Hatches the Egg\n\n0. chiasmus\n1. apostrophe" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses chiasmus, an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nThe second line reverses the order of the words meant and said relative to the first line.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Tammy's genotype for the Thomsen disease gene?\n\n0. having Thomsen disease\n1. Mm" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Tammy has one allele for having Thomsen disease (M) and one allele for not having Thomsen disease (m). So, Tammy's genotype for the Thomsen disease gene is Mm.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nJulie noticed that the sky was filled with cumulus clouds every day last week.\n\n0. weather\n1. climate" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nJulie noticed that the sky was filled with cumulus clouds every day last week.\nThis passage tells you about the clouds Julie saw last week. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this muskmelon plant's phenotype for the fruit taste trait?\n\n0. ff\n1. sweet fruit" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. The muskmelon plant's observable version of the fruit taste trait is sweet fruit. So, the plant's phenotype for the fruit taste trait is sweet fruit.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\n\"Baldwin's personality is very Jekyll and Hyde,\" Krysta told her brother.\n\n0. U.S. history\n1. literature" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Jekyll and Hyde is literature.\nRobert Louis Stevenson's popular Victorian novella Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde tells the story of a man with two distinct personalities. Known to the world as a kind and highly respected doctor, at night he transforms into a monstrous person.\nThe allusion Jekyll and Hyde means kind then cruel.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a pen?\n\n0. 7 yards\n1. 7 miles\n2. 7 inches\n3. 7 feet" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a pen is 7 inches.\n7 feet, 7 yards, and 7 miles are all too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word pad on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\npolar - private\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince pad is not between the guide words polar - private, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nOn my walk to work this morning, a woman on her bike nearly ran me off the sidewalk. I hadn't realized that cyclists were so aggressive and rude!\n\n0. hasty generalization: a very broad claim based on very little evidence\n1. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that all cyclists are rude and aggressive. However, even though one cyclist was rude, that doesn't necessarily mean that all cyclists are rude. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a hasty generalization.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Connotation is the feeling or idea that goes along with a word or phrase. Some words are close in meaning but have different connotations.\nFor example, think about the words eager and impatient. They both mean wanting something to happen, but they have different connotations.\nEager has a positive connotation. It is a nice word. An eager person is happy and excited.\nImpatient has a negative connotation. It is not a nice word. An impatient person is often pushy and demanding.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich phrase has a more negative connotation?\n\n0. a proud person\n1. a snooty person" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A snooty person has a more negative connotation. A snooty person is proud but also treats people rudely.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Mackenzie investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Does milk chocolate melt faster when heated in a microwave or on a stove?\n1. Does dark chocolate or white chocolate melt faster when heated on the stove?\n2. Does milk chocolate or dark chocolate melt faster when heated on the stove?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. bead\n1. reach\n2. beach" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words beach and reach rhyme. They both end with the each sound.\nThe word bead does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Many thanks,\nSarah\n1. Many Thanks,\nSarah" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks.\nThere are several ways to fix a run-on sentence:\nUse stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks.\n\nQuestion:\nIs this a run-on sentence?\nLocated just south of Seaside, Gabriel's Restaurant offers an eclectic menu in a scenic country setting.\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This is not a run-on sentence. It is not formed from two sentences that have been run together without appropriate punctuation.\nLocated just south of Seaside, Gabriel's Restaurant offers an eclectic menu in a scenic country setting.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nZeke can drive a car.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Humans are not born knowing how to drive a car. Instead, many people learn how to drive when they are older. So, driving is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one animal that has all of the bony fish traits listed above.\n\n0. Hippopotamuses have small hairs near their mouths and ears, but most of their skin is hairless. Their skin makes a reddish-brown substance that acts like sunscreen! Hippopotamuses give birth to live offspring.\n1. Anchovies hatch from small eggs with no shells. Their eggs are carried through the ocean by moving water. Anchovies live in groups called schools. Each anchovy has fins, a silvery body, and a skeleton made of bone." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nBony fish have the following traits:\nThey have fins, not limbs.\nThey live underwater.\nThey have a skeleton made of bone.\nThey make eggs with no shells.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA hippopotamus has the following traits:\nIt gives birth to live offspring.\nA hippopotamus does not have all of the traits of a bony fish. A hippopotamus is a placental mammal.\nAn anchovy has the following traits:\nIt has fins, not limbs.\nIt lives underwater.\nIt has a skeleton made of bone.\nIt makes eggs with no shells.\nAn anchovy has the traits of a bony fish. An anchovy is a bony fish.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is the smoothest?\n\n0. metal trombone\n1. burlap sack\n2. asphalt road" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Smooth is a property. A smooth material is not rough or bumpy.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the metal trombone is the smoothest. If you touch a metal trombone, it will not feel rough.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\n\"This box weighs a ton!\" Aaron panted. \"Cara, do you mind helping me carry it up the stairs?\"\n\n0. paradox\n1. hyperbole" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nA ton is an exaggeration, since it would be impossible for one or two people to carry a box that weighed a ton, which is 2000 pounds.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. main\n1. bean\n2. rain" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words main and rain rhyme. They both end with the ain sound.\nThe word bean does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Christina inherited this trait?\n\n0. Christina and her mother both wear their hair in braids.\n1. Christina's parents have red hair. They passed down this trait to Christina." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a car's gas tank?\n\n0. 11 gallons\n1. 11 fluid ounces\n2. 11 cups" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the volume of a car's gas tank is 11 gallons.\n11 fluid ounces and 11 cups are both too little.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the euphemism in this text suggest?\nMr. Lambert is enjoying his golden years in a luxurious beachside community just down the street from his grandchildren.\n\n0. Mr. Lambert is rich.\n1. Mr. Lambert is old." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe euphemism golden years indicates that Mr. Lambert is old. Golden years is a nicer way of referring to old age.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nThere was a group of yahoos sitting at the table next to ours.\n\n0. Greek mythology\n1. literature" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion yahoos is literature.\nIn Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels, Gulliver encounters the Yahoos, creatures who resemble humans but exhibit humans' most brutish and impolite behaviors.\nThe allusion yahoos means rude people.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nDanny's room is as tidy as an overgrown garden.\n\n0. verbal irony\n1. pun" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAs tidy as an overgrown garden shows verbal irony because an overgrown garden is not tidy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the idiom in this text suggest?\n\"Speak of the devil!\" Becky declared when Dirk strolled into the room.\n\n0. Becky didn't trust Dirk.\n1. Becky had just been speaking about Dirk." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom speak of the devil suggests that Becky had just been speaking about Dirk. People say this when the person they've just been speaking about coincidentally arrives, as if summoned.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word moan on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nmask - meek\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince moan is not between the guide words mask - meek, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement. Assume that the motorcycle's mass did not change.\nThe gravitational potential energy stored between the motorcycle and Earth () as Trent rode up the hill.\n\n0. decreased\n1. stayed the same\n2. increased" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Think about how the distance between the motorcycle and the center of Earth changed.\nThe top of the hill is higher than the bottom of the hill. As Trent rode toward the top of the hill, the distance between the motorcycle and the center of Earth increased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the motorcycle and Earth increased as Trent rode up the hill.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nIt is 65\u00b0F in Colin's backyard.\n\n0. weather\n1. climate" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nIt is 65\u00b0F in Colin's backyard.\nThis passage tells you about the temperature in Colin's backyard right now. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nAlec can ride a motorcycle.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People are not born knowing how to ride a motorcycle. Instead, many people learn how to ride. So, riding a motorcycle is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the solid.\n\n0. milk\n1. rain\n2. empty glass\n3. water in a waterfall" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Milk is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour milk into a different container, the milk will take the shape of that container. But the milk will still take up the same amount of space.\nRain is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you put rainwater into a bucket, the rainwater will take the shape of the bucket. But the rainwater will still take up the same amount of space.\nThe water in a waterfall is a liquid. A liquid can change shape. But it still takes up the same amount of space. As water flows down a waterfall, the water changes shape.\nAn empty glass is a solid. If someone drops a glass, it may break into pieces. But each piece will still have a size and shape of its own.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement.\nFluoromethane is ().\n\n0. an elementary substance\n1. a compound" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You can tell whether fluoromethane is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of symbols in its chemical formula. A symbol contains either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for fluoromethane is CH3 F. This formula contains three symbols: C for carbon, H for hydrogen, and F for fluorine. So, the formula tells you that fluoromethane is made of three chemical elements bonded together.\nSubstances made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, fluoromethane is a compound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has less thermal energy?\n\n0. a tray of lasagna at a temperature of 20\u00b0C\n1. a tray of lasagna at a temperature of 10\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two trays of lasagna have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 10\u00b0C tray of lasagna is colder than the 20\u00b0C tray of lasagna, it has less thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich body part stores memories?\n\n0. skeleton\n1. brain\n2. lungs" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich cookie has a lower temperature?\n\n0. the cookie with more thermal energy\n1. the cookie with less thermal energy" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two cookies are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the cookie with less thermal energy has a lower temperature.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nSome people claim that William Shakespeare could have learned to write plays without formal schooling. I disagree. No one is born writing plays like that.\n\n0. straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n1. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good\n2. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that some people think Shakespeare was born being able to write his plays. However, this misrepresents their argument. They only claim that Shakespeare could have learned to write plays without formal schooling. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a straw man.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nright - ruby\n\n0. radish\n1. root" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince root is between the guide words right - ruby, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Poets often use the sounds of words to create interesting effects and to express moods and emotions. Understanding these elements of poetry can help you better interpret and appreciate poetic forms.\nAnaphora is the repetition of words or sequences of words at the beginning of multiple phrases, sentences, or lines.\nOut of the cradle endlessly rocking,\nOut of the mocking-bird's throat, the musical shuttle,\nOut of the Ninth-month midnight\n\u2014From Walt Whitman, \"Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking\"\nOnomatopoeia is when language sounds like what it talks about.\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses made-up words:\nTlot-tlot! tlot-tlot! Had they heard it? The horse hoofs ringing clear.\n\u2014From Alfred Noyes, \"The Highwayman\"\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses real words:\nHark! the honey bee is humming.\n\u2014From Mary Howitt, \"The Voice of Spring\"\nAlliteration is when beginning consonant sounds are repeated in words that are close together.\nWhere the wild men watched and waited\nWolves in the forest, and bears in the bush.\n\u2014From Bayard Taylor, \"A Night with a Wolf\"\nAssonance is the repetition of vowel sounds. Often, assonance can create rhymes or near-rhymes within lines.\nI wandered lonely as a Cloud\nThat floats on high o'er Vales and Hills,\nWhen all at once I saw a crowd,\nA host of golden Daffodils.\n\u2014From William Wordsworth, \"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud\"\nMeter is a poem's rhythm, or the pattern of strong and weak syllables. Strong syllables are stressed, while weak syllables are unstressed.\nA poem has an iambic meter when the beat sounds like da-DUM. A weak syllable is followed by a strong syllable. Occasionally, a line may begin with a strong syllable.\nHe watches from his mountain walls,\nAnd like a thunderbolt he falls.\n\u2014From Alfred, Lord Tennyson, \"The Eagle\"\nA poem has a trochaic meter when the beat sounds like DUM-da. A strong syllable is followed by a weak syllable. Occasionally, a line may end in a strong syllable.\nBack into the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning,\nSoon again I heard a tapping somewhat louder than before.\n\u2014From Edgar Allen Poe, \"The Raven\"\nFree verse is when a poem has neither a regular rhythm nor a rhyme pattern.\nThe old bridge has a wrinkled face.\nHe bends his back\nFor us to go over.\n\u2014From Hilda Conkling, \"The Old Bridge\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. You can see this poem does not have a regular rhythm. It also doesn't have a rhyme pattern.\n\nQuestion:\nChoose the poem that uses alliteration.\n\n0. The sky is low, the clouds are mean,\nA travelling flake of snow\nAcross a barn or through a rut\nDebates if it will go.\n1. Look back with longing eyes and know that I will follow,\nLift me up in your love as a light wing lifts a swallow,\nLet our flight be far in sun or windy rain\u2014\nBut what if I heard my first love calling me again?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This poem uses alliteration. It repeats beginning consonant sounds.\nBut what if I heard my first love calling me again?\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\n0. dear Aunt Sarah,\n1. Dear Aunt Sarah," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Aunt Sarah is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nIt has not rained in over a week at Patty's house.\n\n0. climate\n1. weather" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nIt has not rained in over a week at Patty's house.\nThis passage tells you about the precipitation last week at Patty's house. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Tessa investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. When placed in the sun, does a glass jar wrapped in a black cotton shirt heat up more than a glass jar wrapped in a white cotton shirt?\n1. When wrapped in a cotton shirt and placed in the sun, does a large jar or a small jar heat up more?\n2. When placed in the sun, does a glass jar wrapped in cotton heat up more than a glass jar wrapped in wool?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nRick has naturally straight hair.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Human hair can be naturally straight or naturally curly. Straight and curly are examples of hair texture.\nSome people use tools to change how their hair looks. But this doesn't affect the natural texture of their hair. So, having naturally straight hair is an inherited trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Joel inherited this trait?\n\n0. Joel wears glasses and so do his sisters.\n1. Joel's biological father wears contacts in his hazel eyes.\n2. Joel's friend also has hazel eyes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a can of soda pop?\n\n0. 325 liters\n1. 325 milliliters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of a can of soda pop is 325 milliliters.\n325 liters is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Oliver's phenotype for the ear type trait?\n\n0. curled ears\n1. EE" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Oliver's observable version of the ear type trait is curled ears. So, Oliver's phenotype for the ear type trait is curled ears.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Pablo decides to plant the morning glories. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. He will save some space. The morning glories will use up less space than the eucalyptus tree would have used up.\n1. Pablo will give up the chance to look at the eucalyptus tree. He thinks it would have looked more beautiful than the morning glories." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Pablo wants or needs:\nPablo will give up the chance to look at the eucalyptus tree. He thinks it would have looked more beautiful than the morning glories.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nThe carpenter will cut the wood for the table.\n\n0. present tense\n1. past tense\n2. future tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, cut. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nAs Jerry sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.\n\n0. simple\n1. complex\n2. compound\n3. compound-complex" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is complex. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction as.\nAs Jerry sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nmixing sand and water\nmelting wax\n\n0. Both are chemical changes.\n1. Both are only physical changes.\n2. Both are caused by cooling.\n3. Both are caused by heating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nMixing sand and water is a physical change. Adding water makes the sand wet. But both the sand and water are still made of the same type of matter as before.\nMelting wax is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The wax changes from solid to liquid. But it is still made of the same type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nWax melting is caused by heating. But mixing sand and water is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Ben inherited this trait?\n\n0. Ben and his father both have short hair.\n1. Ben's parents were born with straight hair. They passed down this trait to Ben." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich excerpt from a student essay is more formal?\n\n0. The Ancient Greek civilization existed more than two thousand years ago, but its mythology continues to influence the world today.\n1. Ancient Greece was a really long time ago, but Greek myths are totally still around today." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first excerpt from a student essay is more formal. It uses more elevated language (continues to influence the world). The other excerpt uses imprecise language (a really long time ago) and conversational language (totally).\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nJosiah has naturally brown hair.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Humans do not choose their natural hair color. Some people dye their hair. But this does not change their natural hair color.\nChildren get their natural hair color from their parents. So, Josiah's hair color is an inherited trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nLet the rain kiss you.\n\u2014Langston Hughes, \"April Rain Song\"\n\n0. personification\n1. onomatopoeia" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses personification, giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe rain kiss describes the rain as if it were human, creating an image of raindrops gently touching a person's face.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Brad asked for a rematch after Daniel beat him in tennis.\n1. After Daniel beat Brad in tennis, he asked for a rematch." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun he could refer to Daniel or Brad.\nAfter Daniel beat Brad in tennis, he asked for a rematch.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nBrad asked for a rematch after Daniel beat him in tennis.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the ip sound.\nThe words lake and make rhyme. They both end with the ake sound.\nThe words tip and lake don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. fell\n1. team\n2. sell" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words sell and fell rhyme. They both end with the ell sound.\nThe word team does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has more thermal energy?\n\n0. a 120-gram bottle of water at a temperature of 20\u00b0C\n1. a 120-gram bottle of water at a temperature of 5\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two bottles of water have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 20\u00b0C bottle of water is hotter than the 5\u00b0C bottle of water, it has more thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the plant.\n\n0. Tarantulas walk and climb.\n1. Rose bushes can grow colorful flowers." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A tarantula is an animal. It walks and climbs.\nTarantulas hunt their prey. Some tarantulas hunt on the ground. Other tarantulas hunt in trees!\nA rose bush is a plant. It can grow colorful flowers.\nMost rose bushes have sharp thorns. The thorns help protect the rose bush from being eaten by animals.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Ed's brother Bill wondered whether he ran fast enough to qualify for the Boston Marathon.\n1. Ed's brother Bill wondered whether Ed ran fast enough to qualify for the Boston Marathon." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun he could refer to Ed or Bill.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. He has been replaced with Ed.\nEd's brother Bill wondered whether Ed ran fast enough to qualify for the Boston Marathon.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nFrank knows how to type.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People are not born knowing how to type. Instead, many people learn how to type. So, typing is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement.\nCobalt is ().\n\n0. an elementary substance\n1. a compound" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You can tell whether cobalt is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of symbols in its chemical formula. A symbol contains either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for cobalt is Co. This formula contains one symbol: Co. So, the formula tells you that cobalt is made of one chemical element.\nSubstances made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. So, cobalt is an elementary substance.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a movie?\n\n0. \"Field of Dreams\"\n1. ***Field of Dreams***" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A movie should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **Field of Dreams**.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Ted went on to calculus after studying trigonometry, but he never fully comprehended it.\n1. Ted went on to calculus after studying trigonometry, but he never fully comprehended calculus." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to calculus or trigonometry.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with calculus.\nTed went on to calculus after studying trigonometry, but he never fully comprehended calculus.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the gas.\n\n0. air inside a bubble\n1. clothespin\n2. beans\n3. lemonade" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A clothespin is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. You can open or close a clothespin. But it will still have a size and shape of its own.\nA bean is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. If you put many beans into a jar, the group of beans will take the shape of the jar, as a liquid would. But be careful! A bean is not a liquid. Each bean still has a size and shape of its own.\nThe air inside a bubble is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. The air inside a bubble fills all the space in the bubble. If the bubble pops, the air will expand to fill a much larger space.\nLemonade is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour lemonade into a cup, the lemonade will take the shape of the cup. But the lemonade will still take up the same amount of space.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. \"This morning, it said that Alice Cheng won the mayoral election in Hillsboro,\" Kevin remarked to his sister.\n1. \"This morning, the newspaper said that Alice Cheng won the mayoral election in Hillsboro,\" Kevin remarked to his sister." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it is used without its antecedent.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the newspaper.\n\"This morning, the newspaper said that Alice Cheng won the mayoral election in Hillsboro,\" Kevin remarked to his sister.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nclean - crystal\n\n0. caravan\n1. compass" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince compass is between the guide words clean - crystal, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A force is a push or a pull.\nA force can make an object start moving or stop an object that is moving. A force can also make an object speed up, slow down, or change direction.\nForces can be different sizes.\nThink about trying to move a heavy object and a light object. Imagine you want to move them at the same speed. You will need to use a larger force to move the heavy object.\n\nQuestion:\nChase starts to pull the wagon across the yard. To move the wagon at the same speed each time, which friend does Chase need to pull with a larger force?\n\n0. a friend who weighs 21 pounds\n1. a friend who weighs 23 pounds" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look for the friend who is heavier.\nA friend who weighs 23 pounds is heavier than a friend who weighs 21 pounds. So, to move the wagon at the same speed each time, Chase needs to use a larger force to start moving the wagon with a friend who weighs 23 pounds.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nThe wind speed in Patagonia, Argentina, reached 17 kilometers per hour yesterday.\n\n0. climate\n1. weather" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nThe wind speed in Patagonia, Argentina, reached 17 kilometers per hour yesterday.\nThis passage tells you about the wind speed in Patagonia yesterday. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a vacuum cleaner?\n\n0. 9 grams\n1. 9 kilograms" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the mass of a vacuum cleaner is 9 kilograms.\n9 grams is too light.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nbreaking a plate\nwater evaporating from a lake\n\n0. Both are caused by heating.\n1. Both are only physical changes.\n2. Both are caused by cooling.\n3. Both are chemical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nBreaking a plate is a physical change. The plate gets broken into pieces. But each piece is still made of the same type of matter.\nWater evaporating from a lake is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The liquid changes into a gas, but a different type of matter is not formed.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nWater evaporating is caused by heating. But breaking a plate is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. Lucy Buckley is an ace reporter, so it was not surprising that she was nominated for an award.\n1. Lucy Buckley is an excellent reporter, so it came as no surprise when her work was nominated for an award." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses slang (ace).\nThe first sentence uses formal language in place of the slang, so it is more formal overall.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nnickel - nurse\n\n0. national\n1. nozzle" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince nozzle is between the guide words nickel - nurse, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Aiden investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do the squirrels eat walnuts from large feeders more often than from small feeders?\n1. Do the squirrels select sunflower seeds or walnuts more often?\n2. Which type of tree do the squirrels feed from most often?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Reptiles have scaly, waterproof skin. Most reptiles live on land.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the reptile.\n\n0. horned frog\n1. red-eyed tree frog\n2. leafy seadragon\n3. helmeted iguana" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A horned frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nFrogs live near water or in damp places. Most frogs lay their eggs in water.\nA helmeted iguana is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nIguanas are a type of lizard. Iguanas eat plants and fruit.\nA red-eyed tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nA red-eyed tree frog has sticky pads on its toes. The sticky pads help the red-eyed tree frog hold on to leaves.\nA leafy seadragon is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nA seadragon's body looks like a clump of seaweed. This helps the seadragon hide from its predators.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Rosa investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. When placed in the sun, will eight ounces of water in a glass jar or eight ounces of water in a plastic cup get warmer?\n1. Will eight ounces of carbonated water or eight ounces of tap water get warmer when placed in a jar in the sun?\n2. When placed in the sun, will eight ounces of water in a closed jar or eight ounces of water in an open jar get warmer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nBeth had her fifteen minutes when her video of kayaking with dolphins went viral.\n\n0. modern history\n1. Greek history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion fifteen minutes is modern history.\nIn a catalog that accompanied an exhibit of his work, pop artist Andy Warhol said, \"In the future, everybody will be world-famous for fifteen minutes,\" meaning that fame would be briefly available even to those who did nothing spectacular.\nThe allusion fifteen minutes means a temporary moment of celebrity status.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Henry inherited this trait?\n\n0. Henry's biological father wears contacts in his hazel eyes.\n1. Henry wears glasses and so do his sisters.\n2. Henry's friend also has hazel eyes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a coffee pot?\n\n0. 13 cups\n1. 13 gallons\n2. 13 fluid ounces" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the volume of a coffee pot is 13 cups.\n13 fluid ounces is too little and 13 gallons is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence uses a simile?\n\n0. His deep voice is a foghorn.\n1. His voice is as deep as a foghorn." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This sentence uses a simile:\nHis voice is as deep as a foghorn.\nThe words voice and foghorn are compared using the word as.\nThis sentence uses a metaphor:\nHis deep voice is a foghorn.\nThe words voice and foghorn are compared without the word like or as.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\nThe old canoe () as it scraped against the river rocks.\n\n0. cried out\n1. tipped" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Complete the sentence with the phrase cried out. It describes the canoe as if it were a person in pain.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nAnswer the riddle.\nI can fly.\nI lay eggs.\nI make a nest.\nWhat am I?\n\n0. a bird\n1. an airplane" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A bird can fly.\nA bird lays eggs.\nA bird makes a nest.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought.\nRehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing a subject. It doesn't tell who is rehearsing.\nThe band I'm in.\nThis fragment is missing a verb. It doesn't tell what the band I'm in is doing.\nBecause we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing an independent clause. It doesn't tell what happened because of the concert.\n\nQuestion:\nIs this a sentence fragment?\nWhereas the Spirit and Opportunity space rovers were solar powered, the Mars rover known as Curiosity is nuclear powered.\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This is not a sentence fragment. It is a complete sentence because it expresses a complete thought.\nWhereas the Spirit and Opportunity space rovers were solar powered, the Mars rover known as Curiosity is nuclear powered.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. With Love,\nTroy\n1. With love,\nTroy" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nWhere the panther walks to and fro on a limb overhead, where the buck turns furiously at the hunter,\nWhere the rattlesnake suns his flabby length on a rock, where the otter is feeding on fish . . .\n\u2014Walt Whitman, \"Song of Myself\"\n\n0. antithesis\n1. anaphora" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses anaphora, the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWhitman repeats the word where at the beginning of each clause.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nAccording to the Seventh Amendment, the () has the final say in deciding who wins a court case.\n\n0. jury\n1. Electoral College\n2. judge\n3. chief of police" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "According to the Seventh Amendment, the jury has the final say in deciding who wins a court case. The judge is usually not allowed to change a jury's decision. A jury is a group of regular citizens who listen to a trial. Then they decide together which side is right. In the United States, juries are supposed to come from the area where the crime or disagreement took place. Most trial juries have between 6 and 12 people, called jurors. If you are an American citizen, you may be asked to be on a jury someday! Part of the text of the Seventh Amendment is below. What kind of trials does the amendment talk about? In suits at common law. . .the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a simple sentence?\n\n0. The unusual contraption had two levers, three ramps, and one metal basket.\n1. Maria can eat the leftover tomato soup, or she can make herself a tuna sandwich." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is the simple sentence. It is a single independent clause.\nThe unusual contraption had two levers, three ramps, and one metal basket.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Fish live underwater. They have fins, not limbs.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the fish.\n\n0. robin\n1. giraffe\n2. catfish\n3. tiger salamander" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A robin is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nA robin is a songbird. It sings different songs at different times of the day.\nA catfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nUnlike most other fish, catfish do not have scales! They have slimy skin.\nA giraffe is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nGiraffes eat mostly leaves that are too high up for other animals to reach.\nA tiger salamander is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nTiger salamanders often live in underground burrows.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhere in the United States did Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., grow up?\n\n0. the West Coast\n1. the Midwest\n2. the South\n3. the North" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., grew up in the American South. He was born in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1929.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nStefan finds old clothes in the attic.\n\n0. present tense\n1. past tense\n2. future tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, finds. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich plate of spaghetti has a lower temperature?\n\n0. the plate of spaghetti with more thermal energy\n1. the plate of spaghetti with less thermal energy" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two plates of spaghetti are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the plate of spaghetti with less thermal energy has a lower temperature.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word steel on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nshadow - sleeve\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince steel is not between the guide words shadow - sleeve, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is the most flexible?\n\n0. brick wall\n1. ceramic tea cup\n2. cotton shirt" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Flexible is a property. A flexible material can be bent without breaking easily.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine bending the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the cotton shirt is the most flexible. If you fold cotton fabric, it will not break.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the vertebrate.\n\n0. Caribbean spiny lobster\n1. ladybug\n2. blue jay\n3. blue dasher" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A ladybug is an insect. Like other insects, a ladybug is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA blue dasher is an insect. Like other insects, a blue dasher is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA Caribbean spiny lobster is a crustacean. Like other crustaceans, a Caribbean spiny lobster is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA blue jay is a bird. Like other birds, a blue jay is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a bowl of soup?\n\n0. 12 cups\n1. 12 gallons\n2. 12 fluid ounces" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the volume of a bowl of soup is 12 fluid ounces.\n12 cups and 12 gallons are both too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes the sentence use a simile or a metaphor?\nMrs. Harrington is kind, and her heart is gold.\n\n0. metaphor\n1. simile" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Mrs. Harrington is kind, and her heart is gold.\nThe words heart and gold are compared without the word like or as. So, the sentence uses a metaphor.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a sandbox?\n\n0. 2 yards\n1. 2 feet\n2. 2 miles\n3. 2 inches" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a sandbox is 2 yards.\n2 inches and 2 feet are too short. 2 miles is too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nCows sometimes graze in this pasture.\n\n0. interrogative\n1. declarative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence tells about something, and it ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Alexa decides to plant the sunflowers. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. She will save some space. The sunflowers will use up less space than the juniper tree would have used up.\n1. Alexa will give up the chance to look at the juniper tree. She thinks it would have looked more beautiful than the sunflowers." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Alexa wants or needs:\nAlexa will give up the chance to look at the juniper tree. She thinks it would have looked more beautiful than the sunflowers.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nSam can fly an airplane.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People are not born knowing how to fly an airplane. Instead, some people learn how to fly airplanes. So, flying an airplane is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\ndust settling out of the air\npouring milk on oatmeal\n\n0. Both are caused by heating.\n1. Both are only physical changes.\n2. Both are caused by cooling.\n3. Both are chemical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nDust settling out of the air is a physical change. As the dust settles, or falls, it might land on furniture or the ground. This separates dust particles from the air, but does not form a different type of matter.\nPouring milk on oatmeal is a physical change. The oatmeal and milk form a creamy mixture. But making this mixture does not form a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nBarry has a scar on his left ankle.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nWhere Barry lives, the air pressure is usually higher in the summer than in the winter.\n\n0. weather\n1. climate" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nWhere Barry lives, the air pressure is usually higher in the summer than in the winter.\nAir pressure is caused by the weight of the air in the atmosphere. When the air pressure is high, the sky is usually clear.\nThis passage tells you about the usual pattern of air pressure where Barry lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "According to Newton's third law, for every force, there is an equal and opposite force. This means that if one object is applying a force on a second object, the second object must also be applying a force on the first object, but in the opposite direction.\nFor example, if your hand is pushing down on a table, the table is also pushing up on your hand. Or, if you are pulling forward on a rope, the rope is also pulling back on you.\n\nQuestion:\nAccording to Newton's third law, what other force must be happening?\n\n0. The wheelchair is pushing on Isaac.\n1. The wheelchair is pulling on Isaac." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Isaac is pushing on the wheelchair. So, Newton's third law tells you that the wheelchair is pushing on Isaac.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the plant.\n\n0. Vultures eat mammals and birds.\n1. Pear trees have green leaves." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A vulture is an animal. It eats mammals and birds.\nVultures usually do not hunt live animals. They eat animals that are already dead! This behavior is called scavenging.\nA pear tree is a plant. It has green leaves.\nWild pear trees grow in Europe, north Africa, and Asia.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\na piece of apple turning brown\nburning a candle\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are only physical changes.\n2. Both are chemical changes.\n3. Both are caused by heating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nA piece of apple turning brown is a chemical change. The apple reacts with oxygen in the air and turns into a different type of matter.\nIf you scrape off the brown layer of the apple, the inside is still white. The inside hasn't touched the air. So the chemical change didn't happen to that part of the apple.\nBurning a candle is a chemical change. Both the wick and the melted wax burn. They react with oxygen in the air and turn into soot, carbon dioxide, and water.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBurning is caused by heating. But a piece of apple turning brown is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the least thermal energy?\n\n0. a brownie at a temperature of 31\u00b0C\n1. a brownie at a temperature of 23\u00b0C\n2. a brownie at a temperature of 30\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All three brownies have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 23\u00b0C brownie is the coldest, it has the least thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Chloe investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. If squash seeds and tomato seeds are planted with compost, which type of plant grows larger?\n1. Do squash plants grow larger if the seeds are planted in small pots or in large pots?\n2. Do squash plants grow larger if the seeds are planted with compost or without compost?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the invertebrate.\n\n0. beluga whale\n1. common ostrich\n2. common toad\n3. hissing cockroach" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A common toad is an amphibian. Like other amphibians, a common toad is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA beluga whale is a mammal. Like other mammals, a beluga whale is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA hissing cockroach is an insect. Like other insects, a hissing cockroach is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA common ostrich is a bird. Like other birds, a common ostrich is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nEli and Tammy will help the neighbors.\n\n0. past tense\n1. future tense\n2. present tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, help. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. The new documentary, they claim, is one of the best ever made.\n1. The new documentary, critics claim, is one of the best ever made." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun they is used without its antecedent.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. They has been replaced with critics.\nThe new documentary, critics claim, is one of the best ever made.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the gas.\n\n0. handsaw\n1. door\n2. air inside a balloon\n3. marbles" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A marble is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. A marble can be made of clear or colored glass.\nThe air inside a balloon is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. The air inside a balloon expands to fill all the space in the balloon. If the balloon pops, the air will expand to fill a much larger space.\nA handsaw is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. The handle of this handsaw is made of wood, and the blade is made of metal. Both wood and metal are solids.\nA door is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. When you open or close a door, it keeps its shape.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is the Grand Canyon?\n\n0. 450 millimeters\n1. 450 meters\n2. 450 kilometers\n3. 450 centimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of the Grand Canyon is 450 kilometers.\n450 millimeters, 450 centimeters, and 450 meters are all too short.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a movie?\n\n0. ***Masters of the Universe***\n1. \"Masters of the Universe\"" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A movie should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **Masters of the Universe**.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word terribly in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Austen shivered terribly as he gazed at the snow-clad slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent.\n1. Austen shivered as he gazed at the terribly steep, snowy slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses terribly in its traditional sense: in a terrible manner.\nAusten shivered terribly as he gazed at the snow-clad slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent.\nThe second text uses terribly in its nontraditional sense: extremely; very.\nAusten shivered as he gazed at the terribly steep, snowy slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word terribly because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Statements of fact make claims that are based on research, observation, or experimentation. Facts can be proved with evidence.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was shorter than King Louis XVI.\nThis statement is a fact. The statement can be verified by researching and comparing the height of each man.\nStatements of opinion make claims that are based on personal judgments or perspectives. Opinions can be supported by evidence, but they cannot be definitively proved.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was a better leader than King Louis XVI.\nThis statement is an opinion. People can have different ideas about what makes someone a \"better\" leader, so the statement cannot be proved.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. The cheetah is the fastest land mammal in the world, followed by the pronghorn.\n1. Pronghorns are animals that look similar to deer, only cuter." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence states a fact. It can be verified by comparing the speeds of land mammals.\nThe cheetah is the fastest land mammal in the world, followed by the pronghorn.\nThe second sentence states an opinion. Cuter indicates a personal judgment.\nPronghorns are animals that look similar to deer, only cuter.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "According to Newton's third law, for every force, there is an equal and opposite force. This means that if one object is applying a force on a second object, the second object must also be applying a force on the first object, but in the opposite direction.\nFor example, if your hand is pushing down on a table, the table is also pushing up on your hand. Or, if you are pulling forward on a rope, the rope is also pulling back on you.\n\nQuestion:\nAccording to Newton's third law, what other force must be happening?\n\n0. The gas pedal is pulling on Stacy's foot.\n1. The gas pedal is pushing on Stacy's foot." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Stacy's foot is pushing on the gas pedal. So, Newton's third law tells you that the gas pedal is pushing on Stacy's foot.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word material on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nmitt - mug\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince material is not between the guide words mitt - mug, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nsawing a log in half\na rock heating up in a campfire\n\n0. Both are chemical changes.\n1. Both are caused by cooling.\n2. Both are caused by heating.\n3. Both are only physical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nSawing a log in half is a physical change. The log splits into two pieces. But the pieces are still made of the same type of matter.\nA rock heating up in a campfire is a physical change. The temperature of the rock goes up, but the rock is still made of the same type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nA rock heating up in a campfire is caused by heating. But sawing a log in half is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nTim will dust off the shelf with a rag.\n\n0. present tense\n1. past tense\n2. future tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, dust. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.\n\nQuestion:\nIs delivering mail a good or a service?\n\n0. a service\n1. a good" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide whether delivering mail is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs delivering mail something you can touch? No.\nIs delivering mail a job you might pay someone else to do? Yes.\nSo, delivering mail is a service.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the fastest will go the farthest distance in that time. It is moving at the highest speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of three geese. Which goose was moving at the highest speed?\n\n0. a goose that moved 930kilometers north in 10hours\n1. a goose that moved 750kilometers north in 10hours\n2. a goose that moved 950kilometers west in 10hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each goose moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each goose moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each goose moved for 10 hours. The goose that moved 950 kilometers moved the farthest distance in that time. So, that goose must have moved at the highest speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.\n\nQuestion:\nIs paving a street a good or a service?\n\n0. a service\n1. a good" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide whether paving a street is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs paving a street something you can touch? No.\nIs paving a street a job you might pay someone else to do? Yes.\nSo, paving a street is a service.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is the hardest?\n\n0. silk kimono\n1. jam\n2. wood chair" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Hard is a property. A hard material keeps its shape when you press on it with your finger.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pushing on the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the wood chair is the hardest. If you squeeze a piece of wood, it will not change shape.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nThe methods that failed in the past could very well be the ones that succeed in the future.\n\n0. antithesis\n1. apostrophe" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses antithesis, the contrasting of opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nThe sentence contrasts two descriptions of methods, failed in the past and succeed in the future.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Sharon acquired this trait?\n\n0. Sharon's scar is on her right elbow. Her father also has a scar on his right elbow.\n1. Sharon's sister has a bruise from falling on her elbow.\n2. Sharon's scar was caused by an accident. She cut her arm when she fell off her bicycle." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\n\"Hugo's personality is very Jekyll and Hyde,\" Diana told her brother.\n\n0. literature\n1. U.S. history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Jekyll and Hyde is literature.\nRobert Louis Stevenson's popular Victorian novella Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde tells the story of a man with two distinct personalities. Known to the world as a kind and highly respected doctor, at night he transforms into a monstrous person.\nThe allusion Jekyll and Hyde means kind then cruel.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this rose plant's genotype for the flower color gene?\n\n0. light yellow flowers\n1. Ff" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. The rose plant has one allele for light yellow flowers (F) and one allele for dark yellow flowers (f). So, the plant's genotype for the flower color gene is Ff.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich helium balloon has less thermal energy?\n\n0. the colder helium balloon\n1. the hotter helium balloon" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two helium balloons are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the colder helium balloon has less thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. When Erica returned to the apartment that evening, she greeted Annie with a hug.\n1. Erica greeted Annie with a hug when she returned to the apartment that evening." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Erica or Annie.\nErica greeted Annie with a hug when she returned to the apartment that evening.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nWhen Erica returned to the apartment that evening, she greeted Annie with a hug.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one animal that has all of the mollusk traits listed above.\n\n0. White-spotted octopuses have tentacles, which are also called arms. White-spotted octopuses can use their tentacles to reach between corals and grab fish. These octopuses have a soft red body with white spots.\n1. Blue crabs are omnivores. Omnivores are animals that are adapted to eat both plants and animals. Blue crabs have an exoskeleton and two pairs of antennae." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nMollusks have the following traits:\nThey have a soft body.\nThey have a muscular foot or tentacles.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA white-spotted octopus has the following traits:\nIt has a soft body.\nIt has tentacles.\nA white-spotted octopus has the traits of a mollusk. A white-spotted octopus is a mollusk.\nA blue crab has the following traits:\nIt has two pairs of antennae.\nIt has an exoskeleton.\nA blue crab does not have all of the traits of a mollusk. A blue crab is a crustacean.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nTwo bowling balls have the same temperature but different masses. Which ball has less thermal energy?\n\n0. the bowling ball with less mass\n1. the bowling ball with more mass" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two bowling balls have the same temperature and are made of the same type of matter. So, the bowling ball with less mass has less thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nMarco has five fingers on each hand.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Most humans are born with five fingers on each hand. So, having five fingers is an inherited trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nAfter spending weeks in New York City, Joy was a bit unnerved by the deafening silence of her small hometown.\n\n0. euphemism\n1. oxymoron" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nDeafening silence is a contradiction, because deafening describes something extremely loud, and silence is the absence of sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a book?\n\n0. \"Stones for My Father\"\n1. ***Stones for My Father***" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A book should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **Stones for My Father**.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long does it take to bake lasagna in the oven?\n\n0. 41 minutes\n1. 41 hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for how long it takes to bake lasagna in the oven is 41 minutes.\n41 hours is too slow.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nRebecca has naturally blond hair.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Humans do not choose their natural hair color. Instead, children get their natural hair color from their parents. So, Rebecca's hair color is an inherited trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Kirk inherited this trait?\n\n0. Kirk's mother cuts his hair every month.\n1. Kirk's parents have blond hair. They passed down this trait to Kirk." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Vicky acquired this trait?\n\n0. Vicky learned biology by doing experiments.\n1. Vicky is most interested in plant biology." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a complete sentence?\n\n0. We went to Texas, we saw an old fort.\n1. The little boy popped a big bubble." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The little boy popped a big bubble is a complete sentence. The subject is the little boy, and the verb is popped.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a TV show?\n\n0. ***Bear in the Big Blue House***\n1. \"Bear in the Big Blue House\"" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A TV show should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **Bear in the Big Blue House**.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Maverick's phenotype for the coat graying trait?\n\n0. not having a graying coat\n1. having a graying coat" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You need to determine Maverick's phenotype for the coat graying trait. First, consider the alleles in Maverick's genotype for the coat graying gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for not having a graying coat (g) is recessive to the allele for having a graying coat (G). This means G is a dominant allele, and g is a recessive allele.\nMaverick's genotype of Gg has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Maverick's phenotype for the coat graying trait must be having a graying coat.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nThere was a clear consensus in the Boyd family that they should put their dog to sleep, rather than let him continue to suffer.\n\n0. euphemism\n1. paradox" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nPut their dog to sleep is a more indirect way of saying have the veterinarian kill their dog.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. torn\n1. corn\n2. fern" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words torn and corn rhyme. They both end with the orn sound.\nThe word fern does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nThe old wooden rocking chair that Sasha brought home from the rummage sale was as comfortable as a bed of nails.\n\n0. alliteration\n1. verbal irony" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAs comfortable as a bed of nails shows verbal irony because sitting on nails would not be comfortable.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Lyla's phenotype for the fur color trait?\n\n0. orange fur\n1. FF" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Lyla's observable version of the fur color trait is orange fur. So, Lyla's phenotype for the fur color trait is orange fur.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Bridgette investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do round rocks or flat rocks skip more times when thrown across the river?\n1. Do small rocks or large rocks skip more times when thrown across the river?\n2. Do rocks skip more times when thrown across a river or across a pond?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nOver the weekend, the wind was too weak to fly a kite in Plentywood, Montana.\n\n0. climate\n1. weather" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nOver the weekend, the wind was too weak to fly a kite in Plentywood, Montana.\nThis passage tells you about the wind in Plentywood over the weekend. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the idiom in this text suggest?\nIn such an unfamiliar environment, Leo was a fish out of water.\n\n0. Leo had not visited that location before.\n1. Leo felt out of place." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom a fish out of water suggests that Leo felt out of place. A fish out of water is someone out of his or her usual, comfortable environment.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object.\n\nQuestion:\nAssume all other forces on Linda are balanced. Which statement describes the forces on Linda?\n\n0. The forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Linda.\n1. The forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Linda." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To determine if there is a net force on Linda, look at the forces:\nEarth's gravity is pulling Linda down with a force of 600 N.\nThe seat of the cart is pushing Linda up with a force of 1,200 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have different magnitudes: 600 N and 1,200 N. This means that the forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Linda.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a movie?\n\n0. \"Pippi Goes on Board\"\n1. ***Pippi Goes on Board***" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A movie should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **Pippi Goes on Board**.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nThe local government is advising everyone to remove standing water from their backyards, but none of our neighbors are doing it. If our neighbors aren't doing it, then there is no reason we should do it either.\n\n0. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\n1. slippery slope fallacy: the false assumption that a small first step will lead to extreme consequences\n2. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that the speaker shouldn't remove standing water from the backyard because none of the speaker's neighbors are doing it. However, this isn't necessarily true. The speaker's neighbors may not be best qualified to know whether it is safe to leave standing water around the home. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as the bandwagon fallacy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word strain on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nshape - spray\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince strain is not between the guide words shape - spray, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a small can of tomato sauce?\n\n0. 2 fluid ounces\n1. 2 cups\n2. 2 gallons" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the volume of a small can of tomato sauce is 2 cups.\n2 fluid ounces is too little and 2 gallons is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nSidney was known among her coworkers for her spartan ways.\n\n0. Greek history\n1. Shakespeare" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion spartan is Greek history.\nSoldiers from the city of Sparta in ancient Greece were known for their self-restraint, self-discipline, and indifference to luxury.\nThe allusion spartan means simple and austere.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a book?\n\n0. ***Going to School in India***\n1. \"Going to School in India\"" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A book should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **Going to School in India**.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a movie?\n\n0. Live Free or Die Hard\n1. live free or Die Hard" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word or is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is Live Free or Die Hard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Thumper's phenotype for the body size trait?\n\n0. bb\n1. a dwarf body" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Thumper's observable version of the body size trait is a dwarf body. So, Thumper's phenotype for the body size trait is a dwarf body.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\negg - every\n\n0. easy\n1. elf" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince elf is between the guide words egg - every, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell.\nAll living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change.\nAll living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the living thing.\n\n0. sea turtle\n1. swing set\n2. iceberg\n3. bracelet" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A swing set is not a living thing.\nSwing sets do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nAn iceberg is not a living thing.\nAn iceberg does not have all the traits of a living thing. It may grow or melt in response to the world around it, but it does not need food.\nA sea turtle is a living thing.\nSea turtles grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Sea turtles are made up of many cells.\nA bracelet is not a living thing.\nBracelets do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nAll of my friends are coming to my birthday party. If Camilla doesn't, she might as well tell me that she doesn't like me.\n\n0. red herring: the use of a completely unrelated topic or idea\n1. false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that if Camilla doesn't go to the speaker's birthday party, it means that she hates the speaker. However, there may be a number of reasons why Camilla wouldn't go to the party. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nLeah lives in a town with hot summers and freezing cold winters.\n\n0. weather\n1. climate" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nLeah lives in a town with hot summers and freezing cold winters.\nThis passage tells you about the usual temperatures where Leah lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a short story?\n\n0. The Door in the Wall\n1. \"The Door in the Wall\"" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A short story should be in quotation marks.\nThe correct title is \"The Door in the Wall.\"\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. tie\n1. see\n2. lie" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words tie and lie rhyme. They both end with the ie sound.\nThe word see does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Gruff's phenotype for the fur texture trait?\n\n0. rough fur\n1. soft fur" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Gruff's genotype for the fur texture gene is ff. Gruff's genotype of ff has only f alleles. The f allele is for soft fur. So, Gruff's phenotype for the fur texture trait must be soft fur.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Gruff's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for rough fur (F) is dominant over the allele for soft fur (f). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nGruff's genotype of ff has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Gruff's phenotype for the fur texture trait must be soft fur.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the least thermal energy?\n\n0. a 1-kilogram block of copper at a temperature of 64\u00b0F\n1. a 1-kilogram block of copper at a temperature of 57\u00b0F\n2. a 1-kilogram block of copper at a temperature of 66\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All three blocks of copper have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 57\u00b0F block is the coldest, it has the least thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nCora is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years.\n\n0. simple\n1. complex\n2. compound\n3. compound-complex" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is compound-complex. It is made up of two independent clauses and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the relative pronoun which.\nCora is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "During peer review, you read and respond to a fellow student's writing. While there are many methods and strategies that you can use for reviewing a text, it is generally helpful to frame your suggestions in concrete and constructive ways and to consider the following areas for revision:\nIdeas and development: Does the writer express a clear idea and develop it with evidence, examples, or analysis?\nOrganization: Does the writer order ideas in a clear, logical way so that they build on one another and are easy to follow?\nVoice: Does the writer maintain an appropriate voice, such as a formal and objective voice in an academic essay or an engaging and expressive voice in a narrative essay?\nSentence fluency: Does the writer use sentences that vary in structure and length to create a sense of rhythm and flow within and between sentences, or does the writing sound choppy, rambling, or repetitive?\nWord choice: Does the writer use words accurately and precisely to create clear, effective, and engaging writing?\nGrammar and mechanics: Does the writer follow appropriate conventions, using accurate spelling, punctuation, and grammar to create writing that is correct and easy to read?\n\nQuestion:\nRead the following excerpt from a student essay. How can the writer best improve his or her sentence fluency?\nThe Western Australian pitcher plant is a carnivorous plant native to southwestern Australia. The pitcher is a perennial herb. It is approximately eight inches high. Growing in swampy or sandy soils, it obtains needed nutrients from insects and other small prey. The pitcher plant has carnivorous leaves. The leaves act as traps, or pitchers. The pitchers produce enzymes for digesting prey. Prized among collectors, the plant is considered a vulnerable species.\n\n0. by combining sentences\n1. by varying how sentences begin\n2. by using shorter sentences" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The writer could best improve his or her sentence fluency by combining sentences.\nFor example, the writer could combine the underlined sentences.\nThe Western Australian pitcher plant is a carnivorous plant native to southwestern Australia. The pitcher is a perennial herb. It is approximately eight inches high. Growing in swampy or sandy soils, it obtains needed nutrients from insects and other small prey. The pitcher plant has carnivorous leaves. The leaves act as traps, or pitchers. The pitchers produce enzymes for digesting prey. Prized among collectors, the plant is considered a vulnerable species.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word terribly in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Steve shivered as he gazed at the terribly steep, snowy slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent.\n1. Steve shivered terribly as he gazed at the snow-clad slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses terribly in its traditional sense: in a terrible manner.\nSteve shivered terribly as he gazed at the snow-clad slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent.\nThe second text uses terribly in its nontraditional sense: extremely; very.\nSteve shivered as he gazed at the terribly steep, snowy slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word terribly because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nI've heard that Suzie & Co. is downsizing, so I'm happy to see that their store in downtown Greenville will remain open for now.\n\n0. euphemism\n1. hyperbole" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nDownsizing is an indirect way of saying that the company is planning on firing employees, closing shops or branches, and/or reducing its budget.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nBy the time Betty had finished explaining to Mr. Hunt what had happened, her friends were laughingly referring to her as Scheherazade.\n\n0. the Bible\n1. ancient legend" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Scheherazade is ancient legend.\nThe Arabian Nights presents the ancient legend of how Scheherazade successfully postpones her imminent death by mesmerizing her captor with a thousand and one fascinating tales.\nThe allusion Scheherazade means a person who uses his or her arts to distract someone and avoid consequences.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object.\n\nQuestion:\nAssume all other forces on Edward are balanced. Which statement describes the forces on Edward?\n\n0. The forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Edward.\n1. The forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Edward." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To determine if there is a net force on Edward, look at the forces:\nEarth's gravity is pulling Edward down with a force of 400 N.\nThe diving board is pushing Edward up with a force of 400 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have the same magnitude: 400 N. This means that the forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Edward.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\nMaura finally found her phone () under the bed.\n\n0. ringing\n1. hiding" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Complete the sentence with the word hiding. It describes the phone as if it were a person who is hiding.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. Attention customers: the store will be closed Monday for its annual employee training session.\n1. FYI, the store will be closed on Monday for our annual employee training session." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses abbreviated language (FYI).\nThe first sentence does not use abbreviated language, so it is more formal.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the animal.\n\n0. Chili peppers have green leaves.\n1. Banana trees have large leaves.\n2. Dahlias can grow colorful flowers.\n3. Elephants eat plants." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A chili pepper is a plant. It has many green leaves.\nChili peppers give food a spicy flavor.\nA dahlia is a plant. It can grow colorful flowers.\nDahlia plants grow in the wild in Central America. But people grow dahlias in gardens all over the world!\nAn elephant is an animal. It eats plants.\nElephants live in groups led by females. The oldest female is the head of the group.\nA banana tree is a plant. It has large leaves.\nThe leaves on a banana tree can be up to nine feet long!\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nDo you know Fernando from soccer camp, or do you have another connection with him?\n\n0. imperative\n1. interrogative\n2. declarative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence asks something, and it ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nThe city of Livingston is currently experiencing a minor crisis. Its sanitation workers are on strike, and the garbage is piling up in the streets.\n\n0. paradox\n1. oxymoron" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nMinor crisis is a contradiction, because minor means small or insignificant, and a crisis is a large problem.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true. Facts can be proved by observing, measuring, or studying information.\nThe flag of the United States has 13 stripes.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at the flag and counting the number of stripes.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nThe flag of the United States is easy to draw.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about what makes a flag \"easy\" to draw.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. Thanksgiving is the best holiday.\n1. Thanksgiving is a holiday in November." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence states a fact.\nThanksgiving is a holiday in November.\nIt can be proved by finding Thanksgiving on a calendar.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nThanksgiving is the best holiday.\nBest shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what makes one holiday better than others.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nEmma was known among her coworkers for her spartan ways.\n\n0. the Bible\n1. Greek history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion spartan is Greek history.\nSoldiers from the city of Sparta in ancient Greece were known for their self-restraint, self-discipline, and indifference to luxury.\nThe allusion spartan means simple and austere.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the vertebrate.\n\n0. earthworm\n1. redback spider\n2. western gorilla\n3. luna moth" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Like other spiders, a redback spider is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA western gorilla is a mammal. Like other mammals, a western gorilla is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nAn earthworm is a worm. Like other worms, an earthworm is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a soft body.\nA luna moth is an insect. Like other insects, a luna moth is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the elementary substance.\n\n0. boron trifluoride (BF3)\n1. xenon (Xe)\n2. fluoromethane (CH3F)" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the chemical formula for each substance, and count the number of symbols in the formula. Then, decide if the substance is an elementary substance. The chemical formula for boron trifluoride contains two symbols: B for boron and F for fluorine. So, boron trifluoride is made of two chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, boron trifluoride is a compound, not an elementary substance. The chemical formula for fluoromethane contains three symbols: C for carbon, H for hydrogen, and F for fluorine. So, fluoromethane is made of three chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, fluoromethane is a compound, not an elementary substance. The chemical formula for xenon contains one symbol: Xe. So, xenon is made of one chemical element. Substances that are made of one chemical element are elementary substances. So, xenon is an elementary substance.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich organ releases excess water, salt, and other waste from the body in the form of sweat?\n\n0. stomach\n1. small intestine\n2. skin\n3. trachea" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a school bus?\n\n0. 13 miles\n1. 13 yards\n2. 13 feet\n3. 13 inches" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a school bus is 13 yards.\n13 inches and 13 feet are too short. 13 miles is too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this pea plant's genotype for the flower position gene?\n\n0. ff\n1. terminal flowers" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. The pea plant has two alleles for terminal flowers (f). So, the plant's genotype for the flower position gene is ff.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the idiom in this text suggest?\n\"Speak of the devil!\" Abigail declared when Craig strolled into the room.\n\n0. Abigail thought Craig was a troublemaker.\n1. Abigail had just been speaking about Craig." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom speak of the devil suggests that Abigail had just been speaking about Craig. People say this when the person they've just been speaking about coincidentally arrives, as if summoned.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nIt's an open secret that Rodrigo is writing a book based on his experiences living in Singapore. He never talks about it, but almost all his friends know.\n\n0. euphemism\n1. oxymoron" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nOpen secret is a contradiction, because open describes something that is freely or publicly known, and a secret is hidden.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Cameron acquired this trait?\n\n0. Cameron's scar was caused by an accident. He cut his arm when he fell off his bicycle.\n1. Some scars fade more quickly than others." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich would stretch the most?\n\n0. bone\n1. gold bracelet\n2. rubber gloves" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Stretchy is a property. A stretchy material gets longer when you pull on it.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pulling on the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the rubber gloves would stretch the most. If you pull the fingers of a rubber glove, they will get longer.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nkayak - king\n\n0. knight\n1. kept" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince kept is between the guide words kayak - king, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Scarlett decides to make vegetable soup. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Scarlett will save some time. The onion soup would have taken longer to make than the vegetable soup.\n1. Scarlett will give up the chance to eat the onion soup, which would have been tastier than the vegetable soup." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Scarlett wants or needs:\nScarlett will give up the chance to eat the onion soup, which would have been tastier than the vegetable soup.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nan iceberg melting slowly\ncooking a pancake\n\n0. Both are only physical changes.\n1. Both are caused by heating.\n2. Both are chemical changes.\n3. Both are caused by cooling." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nAn iceberg melting is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. An iceberg is made of frozen water. As it melts, the water changes from a solid to a liquid. But a different type of matter is not formed.\nCooking a pancake is a chemical change. Pancakes are made from pancake batter. A cooked pancake is a different type of matter than pancake batter. Pancake batter is wet and slippery. Cooked pancakes are fluffy and can be good to eat!\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nAn iceberg melting is a physical change. But cooking a pancake is not.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nCooking a pancake is a chemical change. But an iceberg melting is not.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBoth changes are caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. Bears eat honeybees, and some birds eat them, too.\n1. The mayor left a message for the president." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction and.\nBears eat honeybees, and some birds eat them, too.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nAfter Valeria cooked and served a scrumptious dinner, Dad boasted that she is the Julia Child of our family.\n\n0. allusion\n1. pun" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nJulia Child alludes to the famous chef who is known for popularizing French cuisine in the United States.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of an article?\n\n0. \"Scientists Show Facebook Is a Downer\"\n1. Scientists Show Facebook Is a Downer" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An article should be in quotation marks.\nThe correct title is \"Scientists Show Facebook Is a Downer.\"\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nIsaiah has naturally dark skin.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Humans do not choose their skin color. Babies get their skin color from their parents. So, Isaiah's skin color is an inherited trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\ncracking open a peanut\nbutter melting on a hot day\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are chemical changes.\n2. Both are caused by heating.\n3. Both are only physical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nCracking open a peanut is a physical change. The peanut shell breaks and the peanut falls out. Both are still made of the same type of matter.\nButter melting on a hot day is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The butter changes from solid to liquid, but it is still made of the same type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nButter melting on a hot day is caused by heating. But cracking open a peanut is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nseparate - snow\n\n0. sidewalk\n1. salad" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince sidewalk is between the guide words separate - snow, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nAn avid reader, Mitchell attends weekly book club meetings, and he finishes several novels every month.\n\n0. complex\n1. simple\n2. compound-complex\n3. compound" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is compound. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction and.\nAn avid reader, Mitchell attends weekly book club meetings, and he finishes several novels every month.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Karen investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. When placed in the sun, does a glass jar wrapped in cotton heat up more than a glass jar wrapped in wool?\n1. When placed in the sun, does a glass jar wrapped in a black cotton shirt heat up more than a glass jar wrapped in a white cotton shirt?\n2. When wrapped in a cotton shirt and placed in the sun, does a large jar or a small jar heat up more?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nFarid returned to the parking lot to find his car somewhat destroyed. Apparently someone had crashed into it while he was working and had broken the entire front windshield.\n\n0. euphemism\n1. oxymoron" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSomewhat destroyed is a contradiction, because somewhat means partially or moderately, and destroyed implies totally wrecked.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the idiom in this text suggest?\nI walked across an empty land\nI knew the pathway like the back of my hand.\n\u2014Keane, \"Somewhere Only We Know\"\n\n0. The singer is in a strange and frightening place.\n1. The singer has walked the path many times before." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom like the back of my hand suggests that the singer has walked the path many times before. To know something like the back of your hand is to know it very well.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. sing\n1. long\n2. thing" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words sing and thing rhyme. They both end with the ing sound.\nThe word long does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the metaphor in this text suggest?\nConscience is a man's compass.\n\u2014Vincent van Gogh\n\n0. Your conscience shows you where you're headed.\n1. Your conscience guides you to act the right way." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a metaphor, comparing two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe metaphor conscience is a man's compass suggests that your conscience guides you to act the right way. A compass is an instrument used to find direction, just as your conscience guides you on the right moral path.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Finn decides to plant the violets. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Finn will give up the chance to look at the fir tree. He thinks it would have looked more beautiful than the violets.\n1. He will save some space. The violets will use up less space than the fir tree would have used up." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Finn wants or needs:\nFinn will give up the chance to look at the fir tree. He thinks it would have looked more beautiful than the violets.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nThe wind usually blows from the west or northwest in San Diego, California.\n\n0. weather\n1. climate" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nThe wind usually blows from the west or northwest in San Diego, California.\nThis passage tells you about the usual wind pattern in San Diego. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\n\"This mattress is as soft as concrete,\" Barry complained as he tested the bed in his hotel room.\n\n0. verbal irony\n1. pun" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAs soft as concrete shows verbal irony because concrete is not soft.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the vertebrate.\n\n0. common loon\n1. sea urchin\n2. leaf-curling spider\n3. fireworm" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A sea urchin is an echinoderm. Like other echinoderms, a sea urchin is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone.\nLike other spiders, a leaf-curling spider is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA common loon is a bird. Like other birds, a common loon is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA fireworm is a worm. Like other worms, a fireworm is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a soft body.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is smoother?\n\n0. sandpaper\n1. ceramic plate" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Smooth is a property. A smooth material is not rough or bumpy.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the ceramic plate is smoother. If you touch a piece of ceramic like this one, it will not feel rough.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a book?\n\n0. This Is Not My hat\n1. This Is Not My Hat" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe correct title is This Is Not My Hat.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Connotation is the feeling or idea that goes along with a word or phrase. Some words are close in meaning but have different connotations.\nFor example, think about the words eager and impatient. They both mean wanting something to happen, but they have different connotations.\nEager has a positive connotation. It is a nice word. An eager person is happy and excited.\nImpatient has a negative connotation. It is not a nice word. An impatient person is often pushy and demanding.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich phrase has a more positive connotation?\n\n0. startle someone\n1. surprise someone" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Surprise someone has a more positive connotation. If you startle someone, you surprise them in a bad way.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word eye on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nentire - everyone\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince eye is not between the guide words entire - everyone, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Eva decides to get the chocolate ice cream. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Eva will give up the chance to get a free waffle cone. She would have enjoyed the waffle cone.\n1. Eva will get to eat the chocolate ice cream. She likes this flavor more than mint chip." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Eva wants or needs:\nEva will give up the chance to get a free waffle cone. She would have enjoyed the waffle cone.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Some animals have a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. An animal's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each animal's backbone is colored orange.\nOther animals do not have a backbone. In fact, these animals don't have any bones! Some animals without backbones have a hard outer cover. Other animals have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the animal that has a backbone.\n\n0. dung beetle\n1. minnow" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A minnow is a fish. Like other fish, a minnow has a backbone.\nA dung beetle is an insect. Like other insects, a dung beetle does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nDid you really vote for Tom as class treasurer? Didn't you hear that his uncle was imprisoned for embezzling $1.5 million?\n\n0. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something\n1. straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Tom can't be trusted with money, because his uncle embezzled money. However, even though his uncle couldn't be trusted with money, that doesn't necessarily mean that Tom can't be trusted with it. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nCelery, onions, and carrots are often used in sauces and soups in French cooking.\n\n0. interrogative\n1. exclamatory\n2. declarative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence tells about something, and it ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the most thermal energy?\n\n0. a pencil at a temperature of 71\u00b0F\n1. a pencil at a temperature of 50\u00b0F\n2. a pencil at a temperature of 66\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All three pencils have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 71\u00b0F pencil is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a garden snail?\n\n0. 39 meters\n1. 39 millimeters\n2. 39 centimeters\n3. 39 kilometers" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a garden snail is 39 millimeters.\n39 centimeters, 39 meters, and 39 kilometers are all too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. maze\n1. gaze\n2. shade" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words gaze and maze rhyme. They both end with the aze sound.\nThe word shade does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long does it take for a pot of water to start boiling on a hot stove?\n\n0. 11 minutes\n1. 11 hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for how long it takes for a pot of water to start boiling on a hot stove is 11 minutes.\n11 hours is too slow.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which these ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil or water\nthe organisms that live there\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the tide pool ecosystem.\n\n0. This ecosystem has:\ndaily flooding and draining of seawater\nwater that is rich in nutrients\nmany different types of organisms\n1. This ecosystem has:\nwater at the bottom of the ocean\nno sunlight\norganisms that crawl or stick to the ground" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A tide pool is a type of ecosystem. It has daily flooding and draining of seawater, water that is rich in nutrients, and many different types of organisms.\nChoice 1 is a tide pool ecosystem. Several times each day, it floods with seawater. Then the water drains back into the ocean.\nChoice 2 is a deep sea ecosystem. It is at the bottom of the ocean. It is so far underwater that no sunlight can reach it.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the verbal irony in this text suggest?\nAfter a jog around the block, Eva collapsed on the couch and declared with a wheeze, \"Well, I'm ready to run a marathon.\"\n\n0. Eva was out of shape.\n1. Eva felt full of energy." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nReady to run a marathon ironically suggests that Eva was out of shape. She was actually far from ready to run a marathon.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a sunflower seed?\n\n0. 19 millimeters\n1. 19 centimeters\n2. 19 kilometers" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a sunflower seed is 19 millimeters.\n19 centimeters and 19 kilometers are both too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the slowest will go the shortest distance in that time. It is moving at the lowest speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of three sailboats. Which sailboat was moving at the lowest speed?\n\n0. a sailboat that moved 45kilometers south in 5hours\n1. a sailboat that moved 50kilometers west in 5hours\n2. a sailboat that moved 80kilometers north in 5hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each sailboat moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each sailboat moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each sailboat moved for 5 hours. The sailboat that moved 45 kilometers moved the shortest distance in that time. So, that sailboat must have moved at the lowest speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Darrell investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Does vinegar separate faster when stirred together with olive oil or with coconut oil?\n1. Does vegetable oil separate faster when stirred together with cold water or with hot water?\n2. Does vegetable oil separate faster when stirred together with vinegar or with water?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nAnswer the riddle.\nI am an animal.\nI have four legs.\nYou can ride me.\nWhat am I?\n\n0. a train\n1. a horse" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A horse is an animal.\nA horse has four legs.\nYou can ride a horse.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a leather belt?\n\n0. 29 miles\n1. 29 feet\n2. 29 inches\n3. 29 yards" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a leather belt is 29 inches.\n29 feet, 29 yards, and 29 miles are all too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the temperature of lukewarm water?\n\n0. 80\u00b0F\n1. 80\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the temperature of lukewarm water is 80\u00b0F.\n80\u00b0C is too hot.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement.\nMethane is ().\n\n0. an elementary substance\n1. a compound" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You can tell whether methane is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of symbols in its chemical formula. A symbol contains either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for methane is CH4. This formula contains two symbols: C for carbon and H for hydrogen. So, the formula tells you that methane is made of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSubstances made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, methane is a compound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Reptiles have scaly, waterproof skin. Most reptiles live on land.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the reptile.\n\n0. coral snake\n1. humpback whale\n2. California toad\n3. tiger salamander" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A coral snake is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nCoral snakes spend most of their time underground or hiding under leaves.\nA California toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nToads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole.\nA humpback whale is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nWhales are mammals that live in the ocean. Humpback whales have small hairs that grow from bumps around their mouth.\nA tiger salamander is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nTiger salamanders often live in underground burrows.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a leather belt?\n\n0. 35 feet\n1. 35 inches\n2. 35 yards" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a leather belt is 35 inches.\n35 feet and 35 yards are both too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nI don't feel like going into it, if you want to know the truth . . . My parents would have about two hemorrhages apiece if I told anything pretty personal about them.\n\u2014J. D. Salinger, The Catcher in the Rye\n\n0. paradox\n1. hyperbole" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nWould have about two hemorrhages apiece is an exaggeration, since the speaker's parents will not literally hemorrhage just because he talks about them.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich glas of milk has more thermal energy?\n\n0. the colder glass of milk\n1. the hotter glass of milk" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two glasses of milk are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the hotter glass of milk has more thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Hazel investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Does a rubber ball travel farther when launched from a metal catapult or from a wooden catapult?\n1. Does a heavier ball travel farther than a lighter ball when launched from a catapult?\n2. Does a catapult with a longer arm launch a rubber ball farther than a catapult with a shorter arm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich bath towel has a lower temperature?\n\n0. the bath towel with less thermal energy\n1. the bath towel with more thermal energy" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two bath towels are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the bath towel with less thermal energy has a lower temperature.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Nico's genotype for the body hair gene?\n\n0. BB\n1. a hairy body" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Nico has two alleles for a hairy body (B). So, Nico's genotype for the body hair gene is BB.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nAnswer the riddle.\nI am big and yellow.\nI take children to school.\nYou may see me in the street.\nWhat am I?\n\n0. a bike\n1. a bus" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A bus is big and yellow.\nA bus takes children to school.\nYou may see a bus in the street.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nAfter seeing disagreements among Americans increase while he was president, Washington felt that political parties were () for the United States.\n\n0. dangerous\n1. helpful\n2. necessary" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look back at the passage. At the end of his presidency, Washington wrote that he wanted to warn people against the baneful, or harmful, effects of parties.\nSo, after seeing disagreements among Americans increase while he was president, Washington felt that political parties were dangerous for the United States.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word peruse in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Before returning to the stockroom, Ronald briefly perused the nails in the hardware aisle to see if anything needed to be restocked.\n1. Ronald perused the nails in the hardware aisle for almost an hour, trying to figure out which type would be best for his project." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses peruse in its traditional sense: to examine in detail.\nRonald perused the nails in the hardware aisle for almost an hour, trying to figure out which type would be best for his project.\nThe second text uses peruse in its nontraditional sense: to look through in a casual manner.\nBefore returning to the stockroom, Ronald briefly perused the nails in the hardware aisle to see if anything needed to be restocked.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word peruse because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a run-on sentence?\n\n0. No one lives on that small island.\n1. Will picked apples, he will give some away." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Will picked apples, he will give some away is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined by just a comma: Will picked apples and He will give some away.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Allie investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do larger basketballs bounce higher than smaller basketballs on a brick patio?\n1. Does the basketball bounce higher on gravel or on grass?\n2. Does the basketball bounce higher on a lawn or on a dirt path?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. Josie shot the arrow, but she missed the target.\n1. Mrs. McGee knitted bright orange mittens for the children." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction but.\nJosie shot the arrow, but she missed the target.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Kendra investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. When placed in the sun, will eight ounces of water in a closed jar or eight ounces of water in an open jar get warmer?\n1. When placed in the sun, will eight ounces of water in a glass jar or eight ounces of water in a plastic cup get warmer?\n2. Will eight ounces of carbonated water or eight ounces of tap water get warmer when placed in a jar in the sun?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Your friend,\nLeslie\n1. Your Friend,\nLeslie" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the verbal irony in this text suggest?\nAfter a jog around the block, Liz collapsed on the couch and declared with a wheeze, \"Well, I'm ready to run a marathon.\"\n\n0. Liz plans to run more.\n1. Liz was out of shape." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nReady to run a marathon ironically suggests that Liz was out of shape. She was actually far from ready to run a marathon.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Maggie inherited this trait?\n\n0. Maggie and her father both have dark hair.\n1. Maggie's parents have dark skin. They passed down this trait to Maggie." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word cement on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nchain - corps\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince cement is not between the guide words chain - corps, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nshaking up salad dressing\nbeating an egg\n\n0. Both are only physical changes.\n1. Both are caused by heating.\n2. Both are caused by cooling.\n3. Both are chemical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nShaking up salad dressing is a physical change. The different parts mix together, but they are still made of the same type of matter.\nBeating an egg is a physical change. Beating an egg mixes together the egg white, egg yolk, and some air. But mixing them together does not form a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes the sentence use a simile or a metaphor?\nJasper swam with ease across the swimming pool, like a dolphin.\n\n0. simile\n1. metaphor" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Jasper swam with ease across the swimming pool, like a dolphin.\nThe words Jasper and dolphin are compared using the word like. So, the sentence uses a simile.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the allusion in this text suggest?\nAlan seems to have the Midas touch. Without any special experience or training, he launched a thriving business and then established a well-respected charity.\n\n0. Alan is lazy and uninformed.\n1. Alan is successful at all that he does." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nThe allusion the Midas touch suggests that Alan is successful at all that he does. In Greek mythology, King Midas has the power to turn anything he touches into gold, easily creating value from nothing.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A thermometer is a tool that measures temperature. Temperature can be measured in degrees. The symbol for degrees is \u00b0.\nSome thermometers measure temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F). Fahrenheit is one scale used to measure temperature.\nThis is a tube thermometer. It has a tube filled with a red liquid.\nThere is a Fahrenheit scale along the right side of the tube. The top of the red liquid lines up with the number 80 on the scale. So, the temperature shown by this thermometer is 80\u00b0F.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the temperature shown by this thermometer.\n\n0. 70\u00b0F\n1. 35\u00b0F\n2. 50\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Find the top of the red liquid.\nNow look at the scale to the right. The top of the red liquid lines up with 50. So, the temperature is 50\u00b0F.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. They estimate that as many as fifteen million Americans have some type of food allergy.\n1. Researchers estimate that as many as fifteen million Americans have some type of food allergy." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun they is used without its antecedent.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. They has been replaced with researchers.\nResearchers estimate that as many as fifteen million Americans have some type of food allergy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is smoother?\n\n0. bark\n1. glass window" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Smooth is a property. A smooth material is not rough or bumpy.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the glass window is smoother. If you touch the glass pane in a window, it will not feel rough or bumpy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Poets often use the sounds of words to create interesting effects and to express moods and emotions. Understanding these elements of poetry can help you better interpret and appreciate poetic forms.\nAnaphora is the repetition of words or sequences of words at the beginning of multiple phrases, sentences, or lines.\nOut of the cradle endlessly rocking,\nOut of the mocking-bird's throat, the musical shuttle,\nOut of the Ninth-month midnight\n\u2014From Walt Whitman, \"Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking\"\nOnomatopoeia is when language sounds like what it talks about.\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses made-up words:\nTlot-tlot! tlot-tlot! Had they heard it? The horse hoofs ringing clear.\n\u2014From Alfred Noyes, \"The Highwayman\"\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses real words:\nHark! the honey bee is humming.\n\u2014From Mary Howitt, \"The Voice of Spring\"\nAlliteration is when beginning consonant sounds are repeated in words that are close together.\nWhere the wild men watched and waited\nWolves in the forest, and bears in the bush.\n\u2014From Bayard Taylor, \"A Night with a Wolf\"\nAssonance is the repetition of vowel sounds. Often, assonance can create rhymes or near-rhymes within lines.\nI wandered lonely as a Cloud\nThat floats on high o'er Vales and Hills,\nWhen all at once I saw a crowd,\nA host of golden Daffodils.\n\u2014From William Wordsworth, \"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud\"\nMeter is a poem's rhythm, or the pattern of strong and weak syllables. Strong syllables are stressed, while weak syllables are unstressed.\nA poem has an iambic meter when the beat sounds like da-DUM. A weak syllable is followed by a strong syllable. Occasionally, a line may begin with a strong syllable.\nHe watches from his mountain walls,\nAnd like a thunderbolt he falls.\n\u2014From Alfred, Lord Tennyson, \"The Eagle\"\nA poem has a trochaic meter when the beat sounds like DUM-da. A strong syllable is followed by a weak syllable. Occasionally, a line may end in a strong syllable.\nBack into the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning,\nSoon again I heard a tapping somewhat louder than before.\n\u2014From Edgar Allen Poe, \"The Raven\"\nFree verse is when a poem has neither a regular rhythm nor a rhyme pattern.\nThe old bridge has a wrinkled face.\nHe bends his back\nFor us to go over.\n\u2014From Hilda Conkling, \"The Old Bridge\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. You can see this poem does not have a regular rhythm. It also doesn't have a rhyme pattern.\n\nQuestion:\nChoose the poem that uses alliteration.\n\n0. When you destroy a blade of grass\nYou poison England at her roots:\nRemember no man's foot can pass\nWhere evermore no green life shoots.\n1. The human heart has hidden treasures,\nIn secret kept, in silence sealed;\nThe thoughts, the hopes, the dreams, the pleasures,\nWhose charms were broken if revealed." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This poem uses alliteration. It repeats beginning consonant sounds.\nWhose charms were broken if revealed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. That wool scarf looks soft and warm.\n1. The price went up, so Jane will have to save more money." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction so.\nThe price went up, so Jane will have to save more money.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "People around the world live in three main kinds of places: urban areas, suburban areas, and rural areas.\nAn urban area is a city. It has many people and businesses. The buildings are close to each other. The buildings are often tall and have many floors. Since there are so many people, traffic is usually bad. People will walk or take the bus, train, or subway to avoid traffic.\nA suburban area, or suburb, is near a city. It is quieter and less crowded than an urban area. People usually live in houses with yards. Most people drive to get places.\nA rural area is less crowded than both urban and suburban areas. Houses are much more spread out. People usually have to drive to get places. People in rural areas often live on farms or ranches.\nSome places, like small towns, don't really fit into any of the types. A small town does not have as many people as an urban area, but it has more people than a rural area. It is not near a city, so it is not called a suburb.\n\nQuestion:\nIn which place would you usually find more businesses?\n\n0. a suburban area\n1. a rural area" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Suburban areas have more businesses. Businesses need customers. There are more people in suburban areas than in rural areas.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nDid you really vote for Johnny as class treasurer? Didn't you hear that his uncle was imprisoned for embezzling $1.5 million?\n\n0. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something\n1. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Johnny can't be trusted with money, because his uncle embezzled money. However, even though his uncle couldn't be trusted with money, that doesn't necessarily mean that Johnny can't be trusted with it. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nberry - button\n\n0. blue\n1. banana" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince blue is between the guide words berry - button, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\n\"There's nothing I love more than skipping lunch,\" Mr. Lloyd told the flight attendant when he learned that no food would be available on his cross-country flight.\n\n0. verbal irony\n1. personification" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nNothing I love more shows verbal irony because Mr. Lloyd is probably upset that there isn't anything to eat.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word screen on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nsincere - strode\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince screen is not between the guide words sincere - strode, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ndecree - drove\n\n0. diameter\n1. dues" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince diameter is between the guide words decree - drove, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word guilty on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ngenuine - grow\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince guilty is not between the guide words genuine - grow, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nJamal has a scar on his right knee.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. The paper changes into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nIce melting is also a physical change. When ice melts, it changes from a solid to a liquid. But both ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water! This kind of change is called a change of state.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nBreaking a stick in half is a ().\n\n0. chemical change\n1. physical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Breaking a stick in half is a physical change. The stick gets broken into two pieces. But the pieces are still made of the same type of matter as the original stick.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a book?\n\n0. the Wind in the Willows\n1. The Wind in the Willows" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The words in and the are not important, so they should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is The Wind in the Willows.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the verbal irony in this text suggest?\n\"Sleeping through the rooster's crowing was no problem,\" Devin joked with a yawn.\n\n0. Devin finds roosters amusing.\n1. Devin slept poorly." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nSleeping through the rooster's crowing was no problem ironically suggests that Devin slept poorly. Devin was tired, so the rooster's crowing was clearly a problem.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Dear Grandma Laura,\n1. Dear grandma Laura," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Grandma Laura is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "During peer review, you read and respond to a fellow student's writing. While there are many methods and strategies that you can use for reviewing a text, it is generally helpful to frame your suggestions in concrete and constructive ways and to consider the following areas for revision:\nIdeas and development: Does the writer express a clear idea and develop it with evidence, examples, or analysis?\nOrganization: Does the writer order ideas in a clear, logical way so that they build on one another and are easy to follow?\nVoice: Does the writer maintain an appropriate voice, such as a formal and objective voice in an academic essay or an engaging and expressive voice in a narrative essay?\nSentence fluency: Does the writer use sentences that vary in structure and length to create a sense of rhythm and flow within and between sentences, or does the writing sound choppy, rambling, or repetitive?\nWord choice: Does the writer use words accurately and precisely to create clear, effective, and engaging writing?\nGrammar and mechanics: Does the writer follow appropriate conventions, using accurate spelling, punctuation, and grammar to create writing that is correct and easy to read?\n\nQuestion:\nRead the following excerpt from a student essay. How can the writer best improve his or her grammar and mechanics?\nPeople around the world have always encountered frogs and toads in various bodies of water. Unfortunately, pollution and disease is killing many of the world's frogs. For example, a fungus may be responsible for the extinction of several species in Australia and has been found in forty-four species there. Other fungi and viruses have eliminated frogs in the United States as well. The effect of pollutants are also severe. Substances like fertilizers and heavy metals are responsible for the deaths of many frogs in Europe and Canada.\n\n0. by adding commas\n1. by fixing run-on sentences\n2. by fixing subject-verb agreement errors" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The writer could best improve his or her grammar and mechanics by fixing subject-verb agreement errors.\nFor example, the writer could replace the underlined words with the correct verb forms: pollution and disease kill and the effect of pollution is.\nPeople around the world have always encountered frogs and toads in various bodies of water. Unfortunately, pollution and disease is killing many of the world's frogs. For example, a fungus may be responsible for the extinction of several species in Australia and has been found in forty-four species there. Other fungi and viruses have eliminated frogs in the United States as well. The effect of pollutants are also severe. Substances like fertilizers and heavy metals are responsible for the deaths of many frogs in Europe and Canada.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a kitchen table?\n\n0. 6 feet\n1. 6 yards\n2. 6 inches" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a kitchen table is 6 feet.\n6 inches is too short and 6 yards is too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nOnce upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary. . .\n\u2014Edgar Allan Poe, \"The Raven\"\n\n0. personification\n1. alliteration" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses alliteration, the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhile I pondered, weak and weary repeats the w sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nDo not go gentle into that good night,\nOld age should burn and rave at close of day;\nRage, rage against the dying of the light.\n\u2014Dylan Thomas, \"Do not go gentle into that good night\"\n\n0. assonance\n1. apostrophe" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses assonance, the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nThe words age, rave, day, and rage share a vowel sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following statement true or false?\nPlant cells are filled with cytoplasm.\n\n0. true\n1. false" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Plant cells are filled with cytoplasm.\nThis statement is true. All cells have cytoplasm. The cytoplasm fills and maintains the space inside the cell.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. Tammy knew the answer to the question, so she raised her hand.\n1. China grows most of the wheat in the world." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction so.\nTammy knew the answer to the question, so she raised her hand.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this plant's phenotype for the ground spot color trait?\n\n0. a yellow ground spot\n1. a white ground spot" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The watermelon plant's genotype for the ground spot color gene is gg. The watermelon plant's genotype of gg has only g alleles. The g allele is for a white ground spot. So, the watermelon plant's phenotype for the ground spot color trait must be a white ground spot.\nTo check this answer, consider whether the watermelon plant's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a yellow ground spot (G) is dominant over the allele for a white ground spot (g). This means G is a dominant allele, and g is a recessive allele.\nThe watermelon plant's genotype of gg has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, the watermelon plant's phenotype for the ground spot color trait must be a white ground spot.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nGary's leaving his job? That's old news. He's been planning that for months.\n\n0. oxymoron\n1. euphemism" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nOld news is a contradiction, because news is recent information.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a bathroom sink?\n\n0. 9 milliliters\n1. 9 liters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of a bathroom sink is 9 liters.\n9 milliliters is too little.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a bus route across a small town?\n\n0. 2 miles\n1. 2 feet\n2. 2 yards\n3. 2 inches" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a bus route across a small town is 2 miles.\n2 inches, 2 feet, and 2 yards are all too short.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Connotation is the feeling or idea that goes along with a word or phrase. Some words are close in meaning but have different connotations.\nFor example, think about the words eager and impatient. They both mean wanting something to happen, but they have different connotations.\nEager has a positive connotation. It is a nice word. An eager person is happy and excited.\nImpatient has a negative connotation. It is not a nice word. An impatient person is often pushy and demanding.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich phrase has a more positive connotation?\n\n0. feeling overjoyed\n1. feeling glad" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Feeling overjoyed has a more positive connotation. If you feel overjoyed, you are really glad.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nAustin said he would put in a good word for Tiana with their boss, but she knew he had a reputation as a Benedict Arnold.\n\n0. a poem\n1. U.S. history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Benedict Arnold is U.S. history.\nBenedict Arnold was an American officer who secretly aided the British during the American Revolution.\nThe allusion Benedict Arnold means a traitor.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the personification in this text suggest?\nKenny tried to ignore his unfinished essay, but it glared at him from across the room.\n\n0. It bothered Kenny that the essay wasn't finished.\n1. The essay was printed in large type." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses personification, giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nGlared at him suggests that it bothered Kenny that the essay wasn't finished. The essay is like a person who is bothering Kenny.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a song?\n\n0. \"what Are You Waiting For?\"\n1. \"What Are You Waiting For?\"" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe correct title is \"What Are You Waiting For?\"\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nLiam can ride a bicycle.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People are not born knowing how to ride a bicycle. Instead, many people learn how to ride. So, riding a bicycle is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is an ice skate?\n\n0. 26 kilometers\n1. 26 centimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the length of an ice skate is 26 centimeters.\n26 kilometers is too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "During peer review, you read and respond to a fellow student's writing. While there are many methods and strategies that you can use for reviewing a text, it is generally helpful to frame your suggestions in concrete and constructive ways and to consider the following areas for revision:\nIdeas and development: Does the writer express a clear idea and develop it with evidence, examples, or analysis?\nOrganization: Does the writer order ideas in a clear, logical way so that they build on one another and are easy to follow?\nVoice: Does the writer maintain an appropriate voice, such as a formal and objective voice in an academic essay or an engaging and expressive voice in a narrative essay?\nSentence fluency: Does the writer use sentences that vary in structure and length to create a sense of rhythm and flow within and between sentences, or does the writing sound choppy, rambling, or repetitive?\nWord choice: Does the writer use words accurately and precisely to create clear, effective, and engaging writing?\nGrammar and mechanics: Does the writer follow appropriate conventions, using accurate spelling, punctuation, and grammar to create writing that is correct and easy to read?\n\nQuestion:\nRead the following excerpt from a student essay. How can the writer best improve his or her organization?\nMany students, parents, and teachers cringe at the idea of sending kids to school year-round, but it would improve academic performance. Lengthy summer vacations were not established to accommodate farming schedules, as most people assume; they were started so that wealthy families could leave the city in the hot summer months and vacation in the country. Studies have shown that as a result of \"summer slide,\" many students returning to school in the fall have forgotten what they learned the previous year. Year-round school would provide consistency and help students learn more.\n\n0. by making a general statement before giving specific examples\n1. by presenting facts before discussing opinions\n2. by removing text unrelated to the main idea" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The writer could best improve his or her organization by removing text unrelated to the main idea.\nFor example, the writer could remove the underlined sentence, which isn't clearly related to the main idea\u2014the benefits of year-round school.\nMany students, parents, and teachers cringe at the idea of sending kids to school year-round, but it would improve academic performance. Lengthy summer vacations were not established to accommodate farming schedules, as most people assume; they were started so that wealthy families could leave the city in the hot summer months and vacation in the country. Studies have shown that as a result of \"summer slide,\" many students returning to school in the fall have forgotten what they learned the previous year. Year-round school would provide consistency and help students learn more.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the most thermal energy?\n\n0. a cookie at a temperature of 12\u00b0C\n1. a cookie at a temperature of 10\u00b0C\n2. a cookie at a temperature of 13\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All three cookies have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 13\u00b0C cookie is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing research papers, you will often be asked to follow a particular style guide for your citations. One popular style guide is the Modern Language Association (MLA) Handbook.\nBelow are the basic formats for some common types of Works Cited entries. Consult the MLA Handbook for a complete list.\nBooks:\nFormat | Author(s). Book Title. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of Publication.\nExample | Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Dover Publications, 1995. Print.\nEssays, short stories, or poems in an anthology or book:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Essay, Poem, or Short Story Title.\" Anthology or Book Title. Ed. Editor Name. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Page Number(s). Medium of Publication.\nExample | James, Henry. \"The Middle Years.\" The Oxford Book of American Short Stories. Ed. Joyce Carol Oates. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2013. 116-135. Print.\nMagazine and newspaper articles:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Article Title.\" Title of Magazine or Newspaper Date of Publication: Page(s). Medium of Publication.\nExample | Hayes, David J., and James H. Stock. \"The Real Cost of Coal.\" New York Times 24 Mar. 2015: n. pag. Web. 25 Mar. 2015.\nJournal articles:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Article Title.\" Title of Journal Volume.Issue (Year): Page(s). Medium of Publication.\nExample | Gillette, Jane, et al. \"Human Simulations of Vocabulary Learning.\" Cognition 73.2 (1999): 135-176. Print.\nWeb pages:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Page Title.\" Name of Website. Publisher, Date of Publication. Medium of Publication. Date of Access.\nExample | Gunn, Janelle P., and Lauren E. Owens. \"How to Slash Sodium from Your Diet.\" Livestrong.com. Demand Media, 30 Mar. 2015. Web. 31 Mar. 2015.\nAdditional guidelines:\nAuthor Names. The first author's name is written in last name, first name format (Smith, Jane). Additional author names are written in first name last name format (Smith, Jane, and John Doe). If there are more than three authors, the first author's name is followed by \"et al.,\" which stands for and others (e.g., Smith, Jane, et al.).\nMedium of Publication. Each entry must include information about what form the content was communicated in. The most common mediums are \"Print\" and \"Web,\" but other possibilities include \"Film,\" \"E-mail,\" and \"Lecture.\" Whenever the Medium of Publication is \"Web,\" the date of access (the day, month, and year the webpage was viewed) must be listed directly after the Medium of Publication.\nEditors and Translators. If a work has an editor or a translator, this information must be added to the Works Cited entry using the appropriate abbreviation. \"Ed.\" stands for edited by. \"Trans.\" stands for translated by.\nMissing Information. If a work has no known author, the author section of the citation is simply left out. If a work has no available page numbers, the abbreviation \"n. pag.\" is used instead. If a work has no available publication date, the abbreviation \"n.d.\" is used instead. If a work has no available publisher or no available city of publication, the abbreviation \"n.p.\" is used instead.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does this Works Cited entry indicate about the cited work?\nSilver, Johanna. \"How to Remove a Lawn.\" Sunset n.d.: n. pag. Web. 1 Apr. 2015.\n\n0. It has no available publication date.\n1. It is a poem.\n2. It was published on April 1, 2015." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look closely at the Works Cited entry:\nSilver, Johanna. \"How to Remove a Lawn.\" Sunset n.d.: n. pag. Web. 1 Apr. 2015.\nYou can tell that the cited work has no available publication date because the entry contains the abbreviation n.d., which means no date of publication.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. tram\n1. cream\n2. dream" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words cream and dream rhyme. They both end with the eam sound.\nThe word tram does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Ling decides to go as a superhero. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Ling will give up the chance to wear the costume she is more excited about.\n1. Ling will save some time and money. She won't have to go out and get a new costume." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Ling wants or needs:\nLing will give up the chance to wear the costume she is more excited about.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nLet's not pick up our baby every time he cries. If we give in now, he'll end up controlling every aspect of our household by the time he can talk!\n\n0. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something\n1. false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\n2. slippery slope fallacy: the false assumption that a small first step will lead to extreme consequences" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that picking up the baby when he cries will lead to him controlling the household. However, this isn't necessarily true. This argument offers only one extreme and unlikely outcome. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as the slippery slope fallacy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this tomato plant's phenotype for the fruit color trait?\n\n0. red fruit\n1. FF" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. The tomato plant's observable version of the fruit color trait is red fruit. So, the plant's phenotype for the fruit color trait is red fruit.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nBrenda put a bandage on my cut.\n\n0. interrogative\n1. declarative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence tells about something, and it ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a kitchen sink?\n\n0. 12 gallons\n1. 12 cups\n2. 12 fluid ounces" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the volume of a kitchen sink is 12 gallons.\n12 fluid ounces and 12 cups are both too little.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a school bus?\n\n0. 14 miles\n1. 14 inches\n2. 14 yards\n3. 14 feet" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a school bus is 14 yards.\n14 inches and 14 feet are too short. 14 miles is too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a kiddie pool?\n\n0. 300 cups\n1. 300 fluid ounces\n2. 300 gallons" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the volume of a kiddie pool is 300 gallons.\n300 fluid ounces and 300 cups are both too little.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a floor lamp?\n\n0. 5 kilograms\n1. 5 grams" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the mass of a floor lamp is 5 kilograms.\n5 grams is too light.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Dear Aunt Olivia,\n1. Dear aunt olivia," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Aunt Olivia is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word blanket on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nbass - bottle\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince blanket is between the guide words bass - bottle, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a watering can?\n\n0. 6 milliliters\n1. 6 liters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of a watering can is 6 liters.\n6 milliliters is too little.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a duck?\n\n0. 2 inches\n1. 2 feet\n2. 2 yards" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a duck is 2 feet.\n2 inches is too short and 2 yards is too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Evan acquired this trait?\n\n0. Evan's scar was caused by an accident. He cut his arm when he fell off his bicycle.\n1. Some scars fade more quickly than others." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nMarcy has no school spirit\u2014she never comes to any of our football games.\n\n0. red herring: the use of a completely unrelated topic or idea\n1. false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Marcy doesn't have school spirit, because she doesn't go to football games. However, there may be a number of reasons why Marcy doesn't go to football games. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich letter opening is more formal?\n\n0. Dear Mr. Finley,\n1. Dear Dave," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second letter opening is more formal. It uses the recipient's personal title and last name. The other opening uses the recipient's first name, suggesting a more familiar relationship.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Ava acquired this trait?\n\n0. Ava likes to look at butterflies and beetles.\n1. Ava learned to identify insects by reading many books about insects." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nburning a marshmallow over a campfire\nan engine using gasoline to power a car\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are only physical changes.\n2. Both are caused by heating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nBurning a marshmallow is a chemical change. The heat from the fire causes the type of matter in the marshmallow to change. The marshmallow becomes black and crispy.\nAn engine using gasoline to power a car is a chemical change. High temperatures in the engine break the chemical bonds in the molecules of gasoline and release energy. The atoms then link together to form new molecules, such as water, carbon dioxide, and other chemicals.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBoth changes are caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement.\nBeryllium is ().\n\n0. an elementary substance\n1. a compound" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You can tell whether beryllium is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for beryllium contains one atomic symbol: Be. So, the formula tells you that beryllium is composed of only one chemical element.\nSince beryllium is composed of only one chemical element, beryllium is an elementary substance.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Ernest decides to join the Theater Club. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Ernest will save some time. He would have spent more time in the Photography Club than in the Theater Club.\n1. Ernest will give up the chance to be in the Photography Club. He would have had more fun in the Photography Club than in the Theater Club." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Ernest wants or needs:\nErnest will give up the chance to be in the Photography Club. He would have had more fun in the Photography Club than in the Theater Club.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell.\nAll living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change.\nAll living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the living thing.\n\n0. sea otter\n1. cell phone\n2. house\n3. beach ball" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A cell phone is not a living thing.\nA cell phone does not have all the traits of a living thing. It does many useful things, and even responds to the world around it. But it does not grow. It does not need food or water.\nA beach ball is not a living thing.\nBeach balls do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nA sea otter is a living thing.\nSea otters grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Sea otters are made up of many cells.\nA house is not a living thing.\nHouses do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Eli acquired this trait?\n\n0. Eli likes to fly a kite with his younger brother.\n1. Eli's neighbor taught him how to repair a kite.\n2. Eli's friend taught him how to fly a kite." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nhabit - hinge\n\n0. hole\n1. healthy" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince healthy is between the guide words habit - hinge, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Isabella inherited this trait?\n\n0. Isabella's neighbor has green eyes.\n1. Isabella and her biological father wear sunglasses when they go outside.\n2. Isabella has green eyes like her biological mother." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a simple sentence?\n\n0. This loaf of bread is almost stale, but we can make it into bread crumbs for the meatballs.\n1. He showed the officers a hotel receipt and an airplane ticket as proof of his time in Buenos Aires." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the simple sentence. It is a single independent clause.\nHe showed the officers a hotel receipt and an airplane ticket as proof of his time in Buenos Aires.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nKaylee anticipated that the free makeover her friend was promising would turn out to be a Trojan horse.\n\n0. Greek mythology\n1. the Bible" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Trojan horse is Greek mythology.\nIn Greek mythology, the Greek army tricks the Trojan army into taking a large wooden horse into their carefully guarded city. The horse turns out to be filled with Greek warriors who, once inside the city of Troy, open the gates to the Greek army waiting outside.\nThe allusion Trojan horse means a deceptive or harmful offering.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Lamar inherited this trait?\n\n0. Lamar's parents were born with straight hair. They passed down this trait to Lamar.\n1. Lamar and his father both have short hair." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\npelt - push\n\n0. plea\n1. pave" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince plea is between the guide words pelt - push, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a limousine?\n\n0. 8 inches\n1. 8 feet\n2. 8 miles\n3. 8 yards" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a limousine is 8 yards.\n8 inches and 8 feet are too short. 8 miles is too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving faster will go a farther distance in that time. It is moving at a higher speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of two gray whales. Which gray whale was moving at a higher speed?\n\n0. a gray whale that moved 25miles in 5hours\n1. a gray whale that moved 20miles in 5hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each gray whale moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne gray whale moved 25 miles in 5 hours.\nThe other gray whale moved 20 miles in 5 hours.\nNotice that each gray whale spent the same amount of time moving. The gray whale that moved 25 miles moved a farther distance in that time. So, that gray whale must have moved at a higher speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this summer squash plant's genotype for the leaf texture gene?\n\n0. Ll\n1. fuzzy leaves" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. The summer squash plant has one allele for fuzzy leaves (L) and one allele for smooth leaves (l). So, the plant's genotype for the leaf texture gene is Ll.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Roger investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Which type of tree do the squirrels feed from most often?\n1. Do the squirrels select sunflower seeds or walnuts more often?\n2. Do the squirrels eat walnuts from large feeders more often than from small feeders?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the euphemism in this text suggest?\nHunter is big-boned, so despite being in middle school, he often shops in the men's department.\n\n0. Hunter is overweight.\n1. Hunter has larger bones than most people." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe euphemism big-boned suggests that Hunter is overweight.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a watering can?\n\n0. 20 fluid ounces\n1. 20 gallons\n2. 20 cups" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the volume of a watering can is 20 cups.\n20 fluid ounces is too little and 20 gallons is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nLee has a scar on his left ankle.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nDr. Osborne is unhappy with her new assistant because simple tasks, like fetching coffee, take him years to finish.\n\n0. hyperbole\n1. anaphora" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nTake him years to finish is an exaggeration, since it probably does not take him entire years to fetch coffee.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Sandy's phenotype for the body color trait?\n\n0. a golden body\n1. a gray body" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Sandy's genotype for the body color gene is bb. Sandy's genotype of bb has only b alleles. The b allele is for a golden body. So, Sandy's phenotype for the body color trait must be a golden body.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Sandy's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a gray body (B) is dominant over the allele for a golden body (b). This means B is a dominant allele, and b is a recessive allele.\nSandy's genotype of bb has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Sandy's phenotype for the body color trait must be a golden body.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nReggie has naturally red hair.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Humans do not choose their natural hair color. Instead, children get their natural hair color from their parents. So, Reggie's hair color is an inherited trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the fastest will go the farthest distance in that time. It is moving at the highest speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of three cars. Which car was moving at the highest speed?\n\n0. a car that moved 505kilometers east in 5hours\n1. a car that moved 355kilometers north in 5hours\n2. a car that moved 300kilometers north in 5hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each car moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each car moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each car moved for 5 hours. The car that moved 505 kilometers moved the farthest distance in that time. So, that car must have moved at the highest speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 8 long. You might be thinking, 8 what? Is the pencil 8 inches long? 8 feet? 8 miles?\nThe number 8 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are inches. So, the length of the pencil is 8 inches.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot. So, 1 inch is much shorter than 1 foot.\nThere are 3 feet in 1 yard. So, 1 foot is shorter than 1 yard.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a long-distance running race?\n\n0. 12 feet\n1. 12 miles" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the length of a long-distance running race is 12 miles.\n12 feet is too short.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a school bus?\n\n0. 12 centimeters\n1. 12 meters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the length of a school bus is 12 meters.\n12 centimeters is too short.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is the Panama Canal?\n\n0. 80 kilometers\n1. 80 millimeters\n2. 80 centimeters\n3. 80 meters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of the Panama Canal is 80 kilometers.\n80 millimeters, 80 centimeters, and 80 meters are all too short.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. In music, the term mezzo forte means moderately loud.\n1. In music, the term mezzo forte means kinda loud." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses conversational language (kinda).\nThe second sentence uses formal language in place of the conversational language, so it is more formal overall.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nWhen it comes to starting new businesses, Tisha seems to have a Midas touch.\n\n0. Greek mythology\n1. British history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Midas is Greek mythology.\nIn Greek mythology, King Midas is granted his wish that everything he touches turn to gold.\nThe allusion Midas means fortunate.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nThat's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.\n\u2014Neil Armstrong\n\n0. apostrophe\n1. antithesis" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses antithesis, the contrasting of opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nArmstrong contrasts a literal small step for man with a figurative giant leap for mankind.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Right after Joy bought the book for her literature class, she dropped it.\n1. Right after she bought it, Joy dropped the book for her literature class." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to the book or the class.\nRight after Joy bought the book for her literature class, she dropped it.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nRight after she bought it, Joy dropped the book for her literature class.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Lollipop's phenotype for the ear type trait?\n\n0. ee\n1. dumbo ears" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Lollipop's observable version of the ear type trait is dumbo ears. So, Lollipop's phenotype for the ear type trait is dumbo ears.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich glas of orange juice has a higher temperature?\n\n0. the glass of orange juice with more thermal energy\n1. the glass of orange juice with less thermal energy" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two glasses of orange juice are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the glass of orange juice with more thermal energy has a higher temperature.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Poetry is a special kind of writing. It has many elements that make it different from ordinary writing. Knowing these elements can help you talk about poetry, understand it better, and enjoy it more.\nA poem rhymes when it has a pattern of words that end in the same sound.\nEnd rhyme is when the rhymes appear at the end of a poem's lines.\nLittle Betty Blue,\nLost her holiday shoe.\n\u2014From Mother Goose\nInternal rhyme is when at least one of the rhyming words appears inside the poem's lines.\nSweet dreams of pleasant streams.\n\u2014From William Blake, \"A Cradle Song\"\nRhythm is the pattern of strong and weak syllables, or stress, in a poem. You can recognize rhythm in a poem by listening to how it sounds. Poems with regular rhythm have a beat, like in music.\nHe watches from his mountain walls,\nAnd like a thunderbolt he falls.\n\u2014From Alfred, Lord Tennyson, \"The Eagle\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. We say them with more force than the other syllables. In this poem, every weak syllable is followed by a strong syllable. Each line sounds like da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM. To better hear the rhythm, try reading it aloud while clapping on each strong syllable.\nFree verse is when a poem has neither a regular rhythm nor a rhyme pattern.\nThe old bridge has a wrinkled face.\nHe bends his back\nFor us to go over.\n\u2014From Hilda Conkling, \"The Old Bridge\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. You can see this poem does not have a regular rhythm. It also doesn't have a rhyme pattern.\nRepetition is when words, phrases, or whole lines are repeated.\nThe dainty flying squirrel\nIn vest of shining white,\nIn coat of silver gray,\nAnd vest of shining white.\n\u2014Adapted from Mary E. Burt, \"The Flying Squirrel\"\nAlliteration is when beginning consonant sounds are repeated in words that are close together.\nWhere the wild men watched and waited\nWolves in the forest, and bears in the bush.\n\u2014From Bayard Taylor, \"A Night with a Wolf\"\nOnomatopoeia is when language sounds like what it talks about.\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses made-up words:\nTlot-tlot! tlot-tlot! Had they heard it? The horse hoofs ringing clear.\n\u2014From Alfred Noyes, \"The Highwayman\"\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses real words:\nHark! the honey bee is humming.\n\u2014From Mary Howitt, \"The Voice of Spring\"\n\nQuestion:\nChoose the poem that uses end rhyme.\n\n0. But here\na wild-hyacinth stalk is snapped:\nthe purple buds\u2014half ripe\u2014\nshow deep purple\nwhere your heel pressed.\n1. They knew by his awful and kingly look,\nBy the order hastily spoken,\nThat he dreamed of days when the nations shook,\nAnd the nations' hosts were broken." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This poem uses end rhyme. Its rhymes come at the end of its lines.\nAnd the nations' hosts were broken.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nNora thinks Mr. Durham is a Luddite because he doesn't own a cell phone.\n\n0. British history\n1. the Bible" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Luddite is British history.\nIn the early nineteenth century, factories were replacing the jobs of craftsmen. Some of these craftsmen banded together to destroy the new machinery; those who did so were called Luddites.\nThe allusion Luddite means a person opposed to new technology.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. When paper gets hot enough, it reacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, ice melting is a physical change. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nSauce burning on a stove is a ().\n\n0. physical change\n1. chemical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Sauce burning on a stove is a chemical change. High temperatures case the sauce to react with oxygen in the air. The sauce turns black and no longer tastes good.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\ncooking an egg\nan antacid tablet reacting with water\n\n0. Both are caused by heating.\n1. Both are only physical changes.\n2. Both are chemical changes.\n3. Both are caused by cooling." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nCooking an egg is a chemical change. The heat causes the matter in the egg to change. Cooked egg and raw egg are different types of matter.\nAn antacid tablet reacting with water is a chemical change. When the tablet touches water, the type of matter in the tablet changes and carbon dioxide gas is released. This gas makes the water fizz.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nCooking is caused by heating. But an antacid tablet reacting with water is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object.\n\nQuestion:\nAssume all other forces on Desmond are balanced. Which statement describes the forces on Desmond?\n\n0. The forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Desmond.\n1. The forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Desmond." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To determine if there is a net force on Desmond, look at the forces:\nEarth's gravity is pulling Desmond down with a force of 400 N.\nThe diving board is pushing Desmond up with a force of 400 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have the same magnitude: 400 N. This means that the forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Desmond.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Paul acquired this trait?\n\n0. Paul has two pet fish. The fish live in a fish tank together.\n1. Paul was not born knowing how to identify different fish. He had to learn this skill." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word random in its traditional sense?\n\n0. At the grocery store, Estelle hastily grabbed fruits and vegetables at random, filling her shopping cart with a hodgepodge of food.\n1. Estelle made a random trip to the grocery store, though her kitchen was already stocked with a hodgepodge of food." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses random in its traditional sense: made or occurring without a definite pattern.\nAt the grocery store, Estelle hastily grabbed fruits and vegetables at random, filling her shopping cart with a hodgepodge of food.\nThe second text uses random in its nontraditional sense: odd or out of place.\nEstelle made a random trip to the grocery store, though her kitchen was already stocked with a hodgepodge of food.\nMost style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word random because it is generally considered incorrect.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nAkiko teaches Whitney about customs in Japan.\n\n0. future tense\n1. present tense\n2. past tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, teaches. The verb ends in -es and tells you about something that is true or happening now.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nmixing sand and water\na rock heating up in a campfire\n\n0. Both are caused by heating.\n1. Both are chemical changes.\n2. Both are caused by cooling.\n3. Both are only physical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nMixing sand and water is a physical change. Adding water makes the sand wet. But both the sand and water are still made of the same type of matter as before.\nA rock heating up in a campfire is a physical change. The temperature of the rock goes up, but the rock is still made of the same type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nA rock heating up in a campfire is caused by heating. But mixing sand and water is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the metaphor in this text suggest?\nWhen Connor lost his job, he was devastated. The only light in the sea of darkness was the prospect of pursuing a new career.\n\n0. Connor felt in the dark about what to do after losing his job.\n1. There was a benefit to Connor's job loss." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a metaphor, comparing two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe metaphor the only light in the sea of darkness was the prospect of pursuing a new career suggests that there was a benefit to Connor's job loss. A light would be beneficial in helping someone escape a dark, difficult-to-navigate situation. Similarly, Connor's new career was beneficial in helping him escape the emotionally difficult experience of losing his job.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object.\n\nQuestion:\nAssume all other forces on Francesca are balanced. Which statement describes the forces on Francesca?\n\n0. The forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Francesca.\n1. The forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Francesca." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To determine if there is a net force on Francesca, look at the forces:\nEarth's gravity is pulling Francesca down with a force of 600 N.\nThe seat of the cart is pushing Francesca up with a force of 1,200 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have different magnitudes: 600 N and 1,200 N. This means that the forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Francesca.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nNick and Mona will help the neighbors.\n\n0. past tense\n1. present tense\n2. future tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, help. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nShawna has a scar on her right hand.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. Tomorrow's lunar eclipse promises to be an impressive sight.\n1. Tomorrow's lunar eclipse is going to knock your socks off." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses an idiom (knock your socks off).\nThe second sentence uses formal language in place of the idiom, so it is more formal overall.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Penny's phenotype for the body size trait?\n\n0. a dwarf body\n1. bb" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Penny's observable version of the body size trait is a dwarf body. So, Penny's phenotype for the body size trait is a dwarf body.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word weak on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nwarn - whip\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince weak is between the guide words warn - whip, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has less thermal energy?\n\n0. a 350-gram cup of black tea at a temperature of 195\u00b0F\n1. a 350-gram cup of black tea at a temperature of 110\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two cups of black tea have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 110\u00b0F cup of black tea is colder than the 195\u00b0F cup of black tea, it has less thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes the sentence use a simile or a metaphor?\nOn some summer days, the attic heats up like an oven.\n\n0. metaphor\n1. simile" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "On some summer days, the attic heats up like an oven.\nThe words attic and oven are compared using the word like. So, the sentence uses a simile.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the most thermal energy?\n\n0. a banana at a temperature of 73\u00b0F\n1. a banana at a temperature of 53\u00b0F\n2. a banana at a temperature of 92\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All three bananas have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 92\u00b0F banana is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 8 long. You might be thinking, 8 what? Is the pencil 8 inches long? 8 feet? 8 miles?\nThe number 8 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are inches. So, the length of the pencil is 8 inches.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot. So, 1 inch is much shorter than 1 foot.\nThere are 3 feet in 1 yard. So, 1 foot is shorter than 1 yard.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a kitchen table?\n\n0. 10 feet\n1. 10 yards" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the length of a kitchen table is 10 feet.\n10 yards is too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Dustin decides to eat the grapes. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Dustin will give up the chance to eat the oatmeal cookies. Dustin thinks oatmeal cookies would have tasted better than grapes will.\n1. Dustin will get to eat the grapes. The grapes will be healthier than the oatmeal cookies would have been." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Dustin wants or needs:\nDustin will give up the chance to eat the oatmeal cookies. Dustin thinks oatmeal cookies would have tasted better than grapes will.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a kitchen sink?\n\n0. 10 fluid ounces\n1. 10 gallons\n2. 10 cups" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the volume of a kitchen sink is 10 gallons.\n10 fluid ounces and 10 cups are both too little.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\nNo one could ignore the hideous painting, which () the attention of every visitor.\n\n0. screamed for\n1. attracted" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Complete the sentence with the phrase screamed for. It describes the painting as if it were a person who demands attention.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Best Regards,\nAdam\n1. Best regards,\nAdam" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. wink\n1. thank\n2. stink" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words wink and stink rhyme. They both end with the ink sound.\nThe word thank does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a can of soda pop?\n\n0. 350 milliliters\n1. 350 liters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of a can of soda pop is 350 milliliters.\n350 liters is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a skateboard?\n\n0. 4 ounces\n1. 4 tons\n2. 4 pounds" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the mass of a skateboard is 4 pounds.\n4 ounces is too light and 4 tons is too heavy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Bandit's phenotype for the fur color trait?\n\n0. black fur\n1. brown fur" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Bandit's genotype for the fur color gene is FF. Bandit's genotype of FF has only F allelles. The F allele is for black fur. So, Bandit's phenotype for the fur color trait must be black fur.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Bandit's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for brown fur (f) is recessive to the allele for black fur (F). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nBandit's genotype of FF has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Bandit's phenotype for the fur color trait must be black fur.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nbending a paper clip\nice melting in a glass\n\n0. Both are chemical changes.\n1. Both are only physical changes.\n2. Both are caused by heating.\n3. Both are caused by cooling." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nBending a paper clip is a physical change. After you bend it, the paper clip has a different shape. But it is still made of the same type of matter.\nIce melting in a glass is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The solid ice becomes liquid, but it is still made of water. A different type of matter is not made.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nIce melting is caused by heating. But bending a paper clip is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the least thermal energy?\n\n0. a 3-kilogram brick at a temperature of 0\u00b0F\n1. a 3-kilogram brick at a temperature of 120\u00b0F\n2. a 3-kilogram brick at a temperature of 90\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All three bricks have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 0\u00b0F brick is the coldest, it has the least thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nI don't think we'll be able to go hiking with you this weekend; we have an endless list of chores and errands to do!\n\n0. paradox\n1. hyperbole" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nEndless list is an exaggeration, since it is unlikely that their list of chores actually goes on forever.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement.\nHydrogen sulfide is ().\n\n0. an elementary substance\n1. a compound" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You can tell whether hydrogen sulfide is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of symbols in its chemical formula. A symbol contains either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for hydrogen sulfide is H2 S. This formula contains two symbols: H for hydrogen and S for sulfur. So, the formula tells you that hydrogen sulfide is made of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSubstances made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, hydrogen sulfide is a compound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word tale on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ntilt - treasure\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince tale is not between the guide words tilt - treasure, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nRita told her friends that Kevin was a typical Peter Pan type.\n\n0. a song\n1. literature" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Peter Pan is literature.\nIn a J. M. Barrie novel, the character Peter Pan retreats to Neverland and refuses to grow up.\nThe allusion Peter Pan means a person who won't take on adult responsibilities.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word terribly in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Aiden shivered as he gazed at the terribly steep, snowy slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent.\n1. Aiden shivered terribly as he gazed at the snow-clad slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second text uses terribly in its traditional sense: in a terrible manner.\nAiden shivered terribly as he gazed at the snow-clad slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent.\nThe first text uses terribly in its nontraditional sense: extremely; very.\nAiden shivered as he gazed at the terribly steep, snowy slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word terribly because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Maria decides to go as a ghost. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Maria will get to wear the costume she is more excited about.\n1. Maria will spend some time and money to get the costume." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Maria wants or needs:\nMaria will spend some time and money to get the costume.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nbending a paper clip\ncracking open a peanut\n\n0. Both are caused by heating.\n1. Both are only physical changes.\n2. Both are caused by cooling.\n3. Both are chemical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nBending a paper clip is a physical change. After you bend it, the paper clip has a different shape. But it is still made of the same type of matter.\nCracking open a peanut is a physical change. The peanut shell breaks and the peanut falls out. Both are still made of the same type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nleaves - look\n\n0. limp\n1. language" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince limp is between the guide words leaves - look, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nHow many cubic feet of sand do we need to fill the sandbox?\n\n0. exclamatory\n1. interrogative\n2. declarative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence asks something, and it ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nBen took several incredible panoramic photographs of the sweeping view from the top of Table Mountain.\n\n0. simple\n1. compound\n2. complex\n3. compound-complex" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is simple. It is a single independent clause.\nBen took several incredible panoramic photographs of the sweeping view from the top of Table Mountain.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a complex sentence?\n\n0. Although she left her house early, Nora barely made it to the train station in time.\n1. In 1900, the U.S. state with the largest population was New York." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction although.\nAlthough she left her house early, Nora barely made it to the train station in time.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a soccer field?\n\n0. 365 yards\n1. 365 miles\n2. 365 feet\n3. 365 inches" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a soccer field is 365 feet.\n365 inches is too short. 365 yards and 365 miles are too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nJamie finds old clothes in the attic.\n\n0. present tense\n1. past tense\n2. future tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, finds. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nAnswer the riddle.\nI may live on a farm.\nChildren may ride me.\nI am a small horse.\nWhat am I?\n\n0. a lamb\n1. a pony" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A pony may live on a farm.\nChildren may ride a pony.\nA pony is a small horse.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. The first part of the trail is a piece of cake, but the last three miles are physically demanding.\n1. The first part of the trail is quite flat, but the last three miles are physically demanding." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses an idiom (piece of cake).\nThe first sentence uses formal language in place of the idiom, so it is more formal overall.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. The paper changes into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nIce melting is also a physical change. When ice melts, it changes from a solid to a liquid. But both ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water! This kind of change is called a change of state.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nPeeling a banana is a ().\n\n0. physical change\n1. chemical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Peeling a banana is a physical change. The peel is not covering the rest of the fruit anymore. But both the peel and the banana are still made of the same type of matter as before.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word factoid in its traditional sense?\n\n0. A reporter for the Rockport Daily Mail dug up an amusing factoid about Rockport's founder while researching for an article about the town's early years.\n1. The Rockport Daily Mail was forced to issue a retraction after printing a factoid about Rockport's founder. It turned out that the reporter had written the article based on local legend rather than researching the actual history." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses factoid in its traditional sense: something made up presented as a true fact.\nThe Rockport Daily Mail was forced to issue a retraction after printing a factoid about Rockport's founder. It turned out that the reporter had written the article based on local legend rather than researching the actual history.\nThe second text uses factoid in its nontraditional sense: a trivial but true fact.\nA reporter for the Rockport Daily Mail dug up an amusing factoid about Rockport's founder while researching for an article about the town's early years.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word factoid because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Pebbles's phenotype for the tail spots trait?\n\n0. a spotted tail\n1. an unspotted tail" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Pebbles's genotype for the tail spots gene is ii. Pebbles's genotype of ii has only i alleles. The i allele is for an unspotted tail. So, Pebbles's phenotype for the tail spots trait must be an unspotted tail.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Pebbles's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a spotted tail (I) is dominant over the allele for an unspotted tail (i). This means I is a dominant allele, and i is a recessive allele.\nPebbles's genotype of ii has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Pebbles's phenotype for the tail spots trait must be an unspotted tail.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the verbal irony in this text suggest?\n\"It was my good luck to have to study for a test while all my friends went to the water park,\" Cody remarked.\n\n0. Cody wanted time to catch up on his responsibilities.\n1. Cody was upset about staying home." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nGood luck ironically suggests that Cody was upset about staying home. Cody was actually unlucky because he couldn't join his friends at the water park.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Zane decides to watch the action movie. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Zane will get to watch a movie with his sister.\n1. Zane will give up the chance to watch the movie that he is more excited about." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Zane wants or needs:\nZane will give up the chance to watch the movie that he is more excited about.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Athena's phenotype for the fur color trait?\n\n0. orange fur\n1. white fur" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Athena's genotype for the fur color gene is FF. Athena's genotype of FF has only F allelles. The F allele is for orange fur. So, Athena's phenotype for the fur color trait must be orange fur.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Athena's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for white fur (f) is recessive to the allele for orange fur (F). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nAthena's genotype of FF has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Athena's phenotype for the fur color trait must be orange fur.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. with love,\nGrace\n1. With love,\nGrace" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell.\nAll living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change.\nAll living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the living thing.\n\n0. ice cube\n1. bacteria\n2. helicopter\n3. hockey puck" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An ice cube is not a living thing.\nAn ice cube can change. It will melt in warm weather! But it does not have all the traits of a living thing. It does not need food.\nA helicopter is not a living thing.\nA helicopter does not have all the traits of a living thing. It needs energy to fly, but it does not eat food. Helicopters get energy from gasoline or other fuel. They do not grow.\nA hockey puck is not a living thing.\nHockey pucks do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nBacteria are living things.\nBacteria grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water.\nBacteria are made up of just one cell. Bacteria live nearly everywhere on Earth. They can live in the ocean, deep underground, and even inside other organisms!\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich change better matches the sentence?\nThe floor of a valley is covered by water after heavy rain.\n\n0. drought\n1. flood" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nJournalists arrived just in time to witness the bedlam in the courtroom.\n\n0. history\n1. a movie" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion bedlam is history.\nFounded in 1247, Bedlam Hospital, England's first asylum for the mentally ill, was infamous for its seeming chaos.\nThe allusion bedlam means pandemonium.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a kitchen sink?\n\n0. 24 milliliters\n1. 24 liters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of a kitchen sink is 24 liters.\n24 milliliters is too little.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Bluebell's phenotype for the horns trait?\n\n0. not having horns\n1. Hh" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Bluebell's observable version of the horns trait is not having horns. So, Bluebell's phenotype for the horns trait is not having horns.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the hyperbole in this text suggest?\nAfter he finished the marathon, Lester collapsed into a chair and declared that he could no longer move a single muscle.\n\n0. Lester was very tired and sore.\n1. Lester became paralyzed." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nThe hyperbole could no longer move a single muscle suggests that Lester was very tired and sore. His muscles were not literally incapable of moving.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved by research or observation.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was shorter than King Louis XVI.\nThe statement above is a fact. The statement can be proved by researching the height of each man and comparing them.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was a better leader than King Louis XVI.\nThe statement above is an opinion. People can have different ideas about what makes someone a \"better\" leader, so the statement cannot be proved.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. \"The Black Cat\" and \"The Tell-Tale Heart\" are Edgar Allan Poe's scariest short stories.\n1. Edgar Allan Poe sold his short story \"The Fall of the House of Usher\" to Burton's Gentleman's Magazine for ten dollars in 1839." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence states a fact.\nEdgar Allan Poe sold his short story \"The Fall of the House of Usher\" to Burton's Gentleman's Magazine for ten dollars in 1839.\nIt can be proved by reading a biography of Edgar Allan Poe.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\n\"The Black Cat\" and \"The Tell-Tale Heart\" are Edgar Allan Poe's scariest short stories.\nScariest shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about which of Poe's short stories are the scariest.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have a hard outer cover on their body. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the invertebrate.\n\n0. weaver ant\n1. jaguar" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A jaguar is a mammal. Like other mammals, a jaguar is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA weaver ant is an insect. Like other insects, a weaver ant is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a simple sentence?\n\n0. Last year the state received more than thirty inches of snow.\n1. Mitch came in first in the race, and Colton came in second." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is the simple sentence. It has one subject and predicate.\nLast year the state received more than thirty inches of snow.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. The paper changes into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nIce melting is also a physical change. When ice melts, it changes from a solid to a liquid. But both ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water! This kind of change is called a change of state.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nTearing a piece of paper is a ().\n\n0. physical change\n1. chemical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Tearing a piece of paper is a physical change. The paper tears into pieces. But each piece is still made of paper.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a movie?\n\n0. \"Shrek the Third\"\n1. ***Shrek the Third***" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A movie should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **Shrek the Third**.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. flat\n1. heat\n2. meat" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words heat and meat rhyme. They both end with the eat sound.\nThe word flat does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes the sentence use a simile or a metaphor?\nThe girl blushed at the compliment, and her round cheeks were like red apples.\n\n0. simile\n1. metaphor" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The girl blushed at the compliment, and her round cheeks were like red apples.\nThe words cheeks and apples are compared using the word like. So, the sentence uses a simile.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.\n\nQuestion:\nIs a soccer ball a good or a service?\n\n0. a service\n1. a good" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide whether a soccer ball is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs a soccer ball something you can touch? Yes.\nIs a soccer ball a job you might pay someone else to do? No.\nSo, a soccer ball is a good.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the gas.\n\n0. microscope\n1. vinegar\n2. stop sign\n3. air inside a basketball" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The air inside a basketball is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. The air fills all the space inside the basketball. If air leaks out, it will expand into the space around the ball.\nA microscope is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. A microscope keeps its shape when you move its parts.\nA stop sign is a solid. A driver might accidentally hit a stop sign and bend it. But the stop sign would still have a size and shape of its own.\nVinegar is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour vinegar into a different container, the vinegar will take the shape of that container. But the vinegar will still take up the same amount of space.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nWilliam invited Barbara to his house.\n\n0. future tense\n1. past tense\n2. present tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in past tense. You can tell because it uses a past-tense verb, invited. The verb ends in -ed and tells you about something that has already happened.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought.\nRehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing a subject. It doesn't tell who is rehearsing.\nThe band I'm in.\nThis fragment is missing a verb. It doesn't tell what the band I'm in is doing.\nBecause we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing an independent clause. It doesn't tell what happened because of the concert.\n\nQuestion:\nIs this a sentence fragment?\nThe agency monitoring air quality at various locations across the country.\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This is a sentence fragment. It does not express a complete thought.\nThe agency monitoring air quality at various locations across the country.\nHere is one way to fix the sentence fragment:\nThe agency has been monitoring air quality at various locations across the country.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Abby had witnessed a crime, so she made a call to report it. The operator promptly dispatched police to investigate the scene.\n1. Abby had witnessed a crime, so she made a call to report it. They promptly dispatched police to investigate the scene." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun they is used without its antecedent.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. They has been replaced with the operator.\nAbby had witnessed a crime, so she made a call to report it. The operator promptly dispatched police to investigate the scene.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the vertebrate.\n\n0. Surinam horned frog\n1. black widow spider\n2. barrel jellyfish\n3. mosquito" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A mosquito is an insect. Like other insects, a mosquito is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA Surinam horned frog is an amphibian. Like other amphibians, a Surinam horned frog is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nLike other spiders, a black widow spider is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nLike other jellyfishes, a barrel jellyfish is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a soft body.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the idiom in this text suggest?\nLayla has a lot on her plate: she is attending college, has a full-time job as a waitress, and volunteers at the animal shelter.\n\n0. Layla has no time to eat well.\n1. Layla has many responsibilities." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom a lot on her plate suggests that Layla has many responsibilities. If you have a lot on your plate, you are busy with many different obligations.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true.\nThe month of July has more days than the month of June.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at a calendar and counting the number of days in each month.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nJuly is a better month than June for camping.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about which month is \"better\" for camping.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. Baby kangaroos are cuter than kittens.\n1. A baby kangaroo is called a joey." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence states a fact.\nA baby kangaroo is called a joey.\nIt can be proved by looking up the word joey.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nBaby kangaroos are cuter than kittens.\nCuter shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about which animal is cuter.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Deion's genotype for the sickle-cell disease gene?\n\n0. not having sickle-cell disease\n1. Aa" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Deion has one allele for not having sickle-cell disease (A) and one allele for having sickle-cell disease (a). So, Deion's genotype for the sickle-cell disease gene is Aa.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\n0. dear Fred,\n1. Dear Fred," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Fred is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is harder?\n\n0. glass flask\n1. styrofoam packing peanuts" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Hard is a property. A hard material keeps its shape when you press on it with your finger.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pushing on the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the glass flask is harder. If you gently press on glass, it will not change shape.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nO inconceivable being!\nWhatever the shape of your house,\nNo matter how strange and colorless the clothes you\nMay wear,\nI bet nobody there likes a wet dog either.\n\u2014Billy Collins, \"To a Stranger Born in Some Distant Country Hundreds of Years From Now\"\n\n0. apostrophe\n1. antithesis" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses apostrophe, a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nO inconceivable being! is a direct address to an imaginary person.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is an ice skate?\n\n0. 29 centimeters\n1. 29 kilometers" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the length of an ice skate is 29 centimeters.\n29 kilometers is too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the allusion in this text suggest?\nWhen Patty claimed she had loaded the dishwasher before turning on Dancing with the Stars, her mother replied, \"Your nose is growing!\"\n\n0. Patty was goofy.\n1. Patty was lying." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nThe allusion nose is growing suggests that Patty was lying. In the story of Pinocchio, when Pinocchio lies, his nose grows longer.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word nauseous in its traditional sense?\n\n0. The odor emanating from the landfill made Shannon so nauseous that she had to roll up the car windows as she drove past.\n1. Shannon couldn't tolerate the nauseous odor emanating from the landfill, so she rolled up her car windows as she drove past." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second text uses nauseous in its traditional sense: causing disgust or nausea.\nShannon couldn't tolerate the nauseous odor emanating from the landfill, so she rolled up her car windows as she drove past.\nThe first text uses nauseous in its nontraditional sense: feeling disgusted or nauseated.\nThe odor emanating from the landfill made Shannon so nauseous that she had to roll up the car windows as she drove past.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word nauseous because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Denise investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Does milk chocolate melt faster when heated in a microwave or on a stove?\n1. Does milk chocolate or dark chocolate melt faster when heated on the stove?\n2. Does dark chocolate or white chocolate melt faster when heated on the stove?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the verbal irony in this text suggest?\n\"This is the best day of my life,\" Mr. Russo mumbled after his car broke down on the way to an important job interview.\n\n0. Mr. Russo was having a bad day.\n1. Mr. Russo was already running late." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nThe best day of my life ironically suggests that Mr. Russo was having a bad day. He was having the opposite of a good day because his car broke down when he needed to be on time.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nThe zookeeper will feed the kangaroos.\n\n0. present tense\n1. past tense\n2. future tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, feed. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.\n\nQuestion:\nIs teaching art a good or a service?\n\n0. a good\n1. a service" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide whether teaching art is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs teaching art something you can touch? No.\nIs teaching art a job you might pay someone else to do? Yes.\nSo, teaching art is a service.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Tyler went on to calculus after studying trigonometry, but he never fully comprehended calculus.\n1. Tyler went on to calculus after studying trigonometry, but he never fully comprehended it." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to calculus or trigonometry.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with calculus.\nTyler went on to calculus after studying trigonometry, but he never fully comprehended calculus.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following statement true or false?\nA plant cell does not have a cell wall.\n\n0. false\n1. true" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A plant cell does not have a cell wall.\nThis statement is false. Not every cell has a cell wall, but a plant cell has one. The cell wall gives a plant cell its fixed shape.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one animal that has all of the bird traits listed above.\n\n0. Brown pelicans live along the west coast of North America. They dive underwater to catch fish in their beaks. Brown pelicans keep their eggs warm by standing on the shells with their large, webbed feet.\n1. Salmon lay eggs with no shells at the bottom of freshwater streams. Salmon use their powerful fins to swim. They can even jump up small waterfalls!" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nBirds have the following traits:\nThey have feathers.\nThey have wings.\nThey have a beak.\nThey make eggs with shells.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA brown pelican has the following traits:\nIt has feathers.\nIt has wings.\nIt has a beak.\nIt makes eggs with shells.\nA brown pelican has the traits of a bird. A brown pelican is a bird.\nA salmon has the following traits:\nIt has fins, not limbs.\nIt makes eggs with no shells.\nA salmon does not have all of the traits of a bird. A salmon is a fish.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nMy family lives in that white house.\n\n0. future tense\n1. present tense\n2. past tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, lives. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word unique in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Danielle wanted her daughter to have a unique name, so she browsed baby name websites for months to find the perfect one.\n1. Danielle made all of her daughter's baby clothes by hand, including a unique hand-knitted romper that she designed herself." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second text uses unique in its traditional sense: being the only one of its kind.\nDanielle made all of her daughter's baby clothes by hand, including a unique hand-knitted romper that she designed herself.\nThe first text uses unique in its nontraditional sense: interesting or unusual. Danielle may have been looking for an unusual name, but if she found it on a baby name website, it is not actually one of a kind.\nDanielle wanted her daughter to have a unique name, so she browsed baby name websites for months to find the perfect one.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word unique because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word begin on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nbalance - blew\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince begin is between the guide words balance - blew, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nDr. Blanchard is unhappy with her new assistant because simple tasks, like fetching coffee, take him years to finish.\n\n0. hyperbole\n1. oxymoron" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nTake him years to finish is an exaggeration, since it probably does not take him entire years to fetch coffee.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the euphemism in this text suggest?\nMr. Duran is enjoying his golden years in a luxurious beachside community just down the street from his grandchildren.\n\n0. Mr. Duran lives near his family.\n1. Mr. Duran is old." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe euphemism golden years indicates that Mr. Duran is old. Golden years is a nicer way of referring to old age.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich would smell the most?\n\n0. icicle\n1. perfume\n2. metal paper clip" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Smelly is a property. A smelly material has a strong smell.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine smelling the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the perfume would smell the most. Perfume has a strong smell.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nan antacid tablet reacting with water\nacid rain weathering a marble statue\n\n0. Both are chemical changes.\n1. Both are only physical changes.\n2. Both are caused by heating.\n3. Both are caused by cooling." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nAn antacid tablet reacting with water is a chemical change. When the tablet touches water, the type of matter in the tablet changes and carbon dioxide gas is released. This gas makes the water fizz.\nAcid rain weathering a marble statue is a chemical change. The acid rain reacts with the outside of the statue and breaks it down into a different type of matter. This new matter is then washed away by the rain. Acid rain is a type of pollution. It forms when smoke from automobiles and factories mixes with water in clouds.\nAcid rain is a type of pollution. It forms when automobiles and factories release smoke containing sulfur or nitrogen. Some of these chemicals react with water in the atmosphere. The reaction forms droplets of water that can fall back to the ground as acid rain.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nAnswer the riddle.\nI have doors and windows.\nPeople live inside me.\nI may have a yard.\nWhat am I?\n\n0. a town\n1. a house" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A house has doors and windows.\nPeople live inside a house.\nA house may have a yard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object.\n\nQuestion:\nAssume all other forces on Edna are balanced. Which statement describes the forces on Edna?\n\n0. The forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Edna.\n1. The forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Edna." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To determine if there is a net force on Edna, look at the forces:\nEarth's gravity is pulling Edna down with a force of 600 N.\nThe seat of the cart is pushing Edna up with a force of 1,200 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have different magnitudes: 600 N and 1,200 N. This means that the forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Edna.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nLogan is a real Benedict Arnold. After promising to work on my campaign for class president, he decided to support my opponent.\n\n0. personification\n1. allusion" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nBenedict Arnold alludes to the American general during the Revolutionary War who betrayed his country and fought for the British.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the verbal irony in this text suggest?\n\"That fits you well,\" Tucker remarked after Maya's cap fell over her eyes for the tenth time.\n\n0. The cap was too big.\n1. The cap looked nice on Maya." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nFits you well ironically suggests that the cap was too big. The cap was falling over Maya's eyes, so it didn't fit her well at all.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich would smell the most?\n\n0. gold bracelet\n1. metal trombone\n2. soap bar" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Smelly is a property. A smelly material has a strong smell.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine smelling the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the soap bar would smell the most. A bar of soap has a strong smell.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nTessa must have started the food fight. Her friends are constantly getting detention.\n\n0. false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\n1. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something\n2. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Tessa's friends are constantly getting detention, so Tessa must have started the food fight. However, Tessa's friends don't necessarily determine her actions. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Dear Josie,\n1. dear Josie," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Josie is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Olivia often talked with Mia about her community garden project. It was proceeding well but required a great deal of work.\n1. Olivia's community garden project was proceeding well but required a great deal of work. She often talked with Mia about it." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun her could refer to Olivia or Mia.\nOlivia often talked with Mia about her community garden project. It was proceeding well but required a great deal of work.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nOlivia's community garden project was proceeding well but required a great deal of work. She often talked with Mia about it.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the idiom in this text suggest?\nArianna has a lot on her plate: she is attending college, has a full-time job as a waitress, and volunteers at the animal shelter.\n\n0. Arianna has worked up an appetite.\n1. Arianna has many responsibilities." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom a lot on her plate suggests that Arianna has many responsibilities. If you have a lot on your plate, you are busy with many different obligations.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word literally in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Elise adores the classic Renaissance style of the Rialto Bridge in Venice. She was surprised to learn that the bridge remains functional even though it is literally a million years old.\n1. Elise adores the classic Renaissance style of the Rialto Bridge in Venice. She was surprised to learn that the bridge remains functional even though it is literally hundreds of years old." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses literally in its traditional sense: in a factual, non-exaggerated way.\nElise adores the classic Renaissance style of the Rialto Bridge in Venice. She was surprised to learn that the bridge remains functional even though it is literally hundreds of years old.\nThe second text uses literally in its nontraditional sense: nearly or in effect (often exaggerated). The bridge is old, but it is not actually a million years old.\nElise adores the classic Renaissance style of the Rialto Bridge in Venice. She was surprised to learn that the bridge remains functional even though it is literally a million years old.\nMost style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word literally because it is generally considered incorrect.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell.\nAll living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change.\nAll living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the living thing.\n\n0. brick wall\n1. the Statue of Liberty\n2. rainboot\n3. bison" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A brick wall is not a living thing.\nBrick walls do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nA rainboot is not a living thing.\nRainboots do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nThe Statue of Liberty is not a living thing.\nThe Statue of Liberty is shaped like a person. But it does not have all the traits of a living thing. It does not grow or respond to the world around it. It does not need food or water.\nA bison is a living thing.\nBison grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Bison are made up of many cells.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a kiddie pool?\n\n0. 1,145 milliliters\n1. 1,145 liters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of a kiddie pool is 1,145 liters.\n1,145 milliliters is too little.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's velocity describes its speed and its direction.\nAn object has a constant velocity when neither its speed nor its direction is changing. So, an object has a constant velocity when the object is:\nmoving in a straight line at a constant speed, or\nremaining motionless.\nIf an object does not have a constant velocity, the object is accelerating. An object is accelerating when either its speed or its direction is changing. So, an object is accelerating when the object is:\nspeeding up,\nslowing down, or\nchanging direction.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich statement describes the helicopter's motion?\n\n0. The helicopter has a constant velocity.\n1. The helicopter is accelerating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The helicopter is moving in a straight line at a constant speed. So, the helicopter has a constant velocity.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Tucker acquired this trait?\n\n0. Tucker has three jump ropes, each made of a different material.\n1. Tucker won a competition at his school with his jump rope tricks.\n2. Tucker's sister taught him how to do tricks with a jump rope." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich soap bubble has less thermal energy?\n\n0. the colder soap bubble\n1. the hotter soap bubble" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two soap bubbles are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the colder soap bubble has less thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has less thermal energy?\n\n0. a 125-gram glass of grape juice at a temperature of 85\u00b0F\n1. a 125-gram glass of grape juice at a temperature of 75\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two glasses of grape juice have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 75\u00b0F glass of grape juice is colder than the 85\u00b0F glass of grape juice, it has less thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Josh sent the registrar's office the transcript from his old college, but he still wasn't granted an exemption from English 101.\n1. Josh sent them the transcript from his old college, but he still wasn't granted an exemption from English 101." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun them is used without its antecedent.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. Them has been replaced with the registrar's office.\nJosh sent the registrar's office the transcript from his old college, but he still wasn't granted an exemption from English 101.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. Now the pilots will climb aboard the airplane.\n1. Clare wants fortune cookies, but Alvin would rather have pie." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction but.\nClare wants fortune cookies, but Alvin would rather have pie.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word blubber on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nbarn - beetle\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince blubber is not between the guide words barn - beetle, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ncarpet - chick\n\n0. cellar\n1. costume" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince cellar is between the guide words carpet - chick, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a road from one end of a city to the other?\n\n0. 9 centimeters\n1. 9 kilometers" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the length of a road from one end of a city to the other is 9 kilometers.\n9 centimeters is too short.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nDon't overlook Allie when choosing the new principal.\n\n0. imperative\n1. exclamatory\n2. interrogative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence makes a request, so it is an imperative sentence. Here, it ends with a period.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nSociety often forgives the criminal; it never forgives the dreamer.\n\u2014Oscar Wilde, The Critic as Artist\n\n0. understatement\n1. antithesis" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses antithesis, the contrasting of opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nWilde contrasts two parallel phrases, often forgives the criminal and never forgives the dreamer.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nPalm Desert, California, usually has more days with high air pressure than low air pressure each year.\n\n0. weather\n1. climate" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nPalm Desert, California, usually has more days with high air pressure than low air pressure each year.\nAir pressure is caused by the weight of the air in the atmosphere. When the air pressure is high, the sky is usually clear. When the air pressure is low, the sky is usually cloudy.\nThis passage tells you about the usual air pressure in Palm Desert. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nThe city of Seaside is currently experiencing a minor crisis. Its sanitation workers are on strike, and the garbage is piling up in the streets.\n\n0. oxymoron\n1. paradox" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nMinor crisis is a contradiction, because minor means small or insignificant, and a crisis is a large problem.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nbeen - brownie\n\n0. buckled\n1. boy" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince boy is between the guide words been - brownie, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nAbby has a scar on her right elbow.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the temperature of a warm swimming pool?\n\n0. 26\u00b0C\n1. 26\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the temperature of a warm swimming pool is 26\u00b0C.\n26\u00b0F is too cold.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word nauseous in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Audrey's little brother looked a little sick after eating mounds of candy and then going on the nauseous rides at the state fair.\n1. Audrey's little brother looked a little nauseous after eating mounds of candy and then going on the dizzying rides at the state fair." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses nauseous in its traditional sense: causing disgust or nausea.\nAudrey's little brother looked a little sick after eating mounds of candy and then going on the nauseous rides at the state fair.\nThe second text uses nauseous in its nontraditional sense: feeling disgusted or nauseated.\nAudrey's little brother looked a little nauseous after eating mounds of candy and then going on the dizzying rides at the state fair.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word nauseous because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nJennifer swore she would never go back to Hillsdale, but I told her she should never say never. The city might be a very different place in ten years.\n\n0. paradox\n1. oxymoron" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a paradox, a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nNever say never at first appears to be contradictory: by saying the phrase itself, you have already said never. However, it contains some truth: people often change their minds as they age and so should not rule anything out by saying never.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the idiom in this text suggest?\nIsabella submitted her suggestions to Carson; now the ball is in his court.\n\n0. Carson needs to act next.\n1. Carson feels like playing or relaxing, not working." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom the ball is in his court suggests that Carson needs to act next. In tennis, when the ball is in a player's court, it is that person's turn.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nfeet - fork\n\n0. finger\n1. fat" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince finger is between the guide words feet - fork, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nGrayson remarked that the new book on anti-gravity was impossible to put down.\n\n0. pun\n1. alliteration" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a pun, a word or phrase that humorously suggests more than one meaning.\nImpossible to put down means that the book is so good that it is hard to stop reading. The phrase impossible to put down is also a joke about anti-gravity: if gravity pulls things down, perhaps anti-gravity does the opposite and makes them impossible to put down.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a full box of cereal?\n\n0. 23 ounces\n1. 23 pounds\n2. 23 tons" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the mass of a full box of cereal is 23 ounces.\n23 pounds and 23 tons are both too heavy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. love,\nHanson\n1. Love,\nHanson" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nbattery - bracelet\n\n0. beard\n1. burn" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince beard is between the guide words battery - bracelet, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A chemical change occurs when new substances are formed from existing substances. This process is called a chemical reaction.\nIn a chemical reaction, one or more substances change into one or more different substances. During the reaction, the atoms of the original substances are rearranged to form other substances.\nThe original substances in a chemical reaction are called reactants. These substances react, or go through a chemical change.\nThe substances that are formed in a chemical reaction are called products. These substances are produced by the chemical reaction.\nSo, in a chemical reaction, reactants go through a chemical change to form products.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nIn this chemical reaction, ozone is a ().\n\n0. product\n1. reactant" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the underlined text carefully. Look for information about what happens to ozone in this chemical reaction.\nOzone is a gas found high up in Earth's atmosphere. In places with severe air pollution, ozone can also be found in the air closer to the ground. This ground-level ozone forms when oxygen in the air combines with carbon monoxide and other chemicals in polluted air. Ground-level ozone can harm humans by damaging their lungs.\nThe underlined text tells you that ozone forms when oxygen combines with carbon monoxide. Because ozone is produced by this chemical reaction, ozone is a product.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Dean investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Does a big toy car go down the wooden ramp faster than a small toy car?\n1. Do toy cars go faster down the ramp made of wood or the ramp made of cardboard?\n2. Do toy cars with plastic wheels go faster down the cardboard ramp than toy cars with metal wheels?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nWalter is a real Benedict Arnold. After promising to work on my campaign for class president, he decided to support my opponent.\n\n0. allusion\n1. simile" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nBenedict Arnold alludes to the American general during the Revolutionary War who betrayed his country and fought for the British.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Scott asked for a rematch after Josh beat him in tennis.\n1. After Josh beat Scott in tennis, he asked for a rematch." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun he could refer to Josh or Scott.\nAfter Josh beat Scott in tennis, he asked for a rematch.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nScott asked for a rematch after Josh beat him in tennis.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought.\nRehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing a subject. It doesn't tell who is rehearsing.\nThe band I'm in.\nThis fragment is missing a verb. It doesn't tell what the band I'm in is doing.\nBecause we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing an independent clause. It doesn't tell what happened because of the concert.\n\nQuestion:\nIs this a sentence fragment?\nBefore the town of Kennecott, Alaska, was deserted in the 1930s, it was home to a thriving copper mine and mill, a hospital, a school, and a skating rink.\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This is not a sentence fragment. It is a complete sentence because it expresses a complete thought.\nBefore the town of Kennecott, Alaska, was deserted in the 1930 s, it was home to a thriving copper mine and mill, a hospital, a school, and a skating rink.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one animal that has all of the arachnid traits listed above.\n\n0. Earthworms live in soil and have no limbs. Their bodies are soft, cylindrical, and made up of many segments.\n1. Laos giant forest scorpions have eight legs and a dark-colored exoskeleton. They live in humid forests in southeastern Asia. Laos giant forest scorpions have no antennae." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nArachnids have the following traits:\nThey have eight legs.\nThey have an exoskeleton.\nThey have no antennae.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA Laos giant forest scorpion has the following traits:\nIt has eight legs.\nIt has an exoskeleton.\nIt has no antennae.\nA Laos giant forest scorpion has the traits of an arachnid. A Laos giant forest scorpion is an arachnid.\nAn earthworm has the following traits:\nIt has a soft, cylindrical body.\nIt has no limbs.\nIt is made up of segments.\nAn earthworm does not have all of the traits of an arachnid. An earthworm is a segmented worm.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Devon acquired this trait?\n\n0. Devon learned how to build a fire at summer camp.\n1. Devon can cook food over a fire." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nDon't ever get a ride from Elizabeth. Her brother has been driving for only six months, and he's already gotten three speeding tickets.\n\n0. hasty generalization: a very broad claim based on very little evidence\n1. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Elizabeth must be a reckless driver, because her brother is a reckless driver. However, even though Elizabeth's brother is reckless, that doesn't necessarily mean that Elizabeth is, too. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object.\n\nQuestion:\nAssume all other forces on Emmet are balanced. Which statement describes the forces on Emmet?\n\n0. The forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Emmet.\n1. The forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Emmet." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To determine if there is a net force on Emmet, look at the forces:\nEarth's gravity is pulling Emmet down with a force of 400 N.\nThe diving board is pushing Emmet up with a force of 400 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have the same magnitude: 400 N. This means that the forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Emmet.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true.\nThe month of July has more days than the month of June.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at a calendar and counting the number of days in each month.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nJuly is a better month than June for camping.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about which month is \"better\" for camping.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. Bottlenose dolphins can stay underwater for up to fifteen minutes.\n1. Bottlenose dolphins are the cutest animals in the ocean." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence states a fact.\nBottlenose dolphins can stay underwater for up to fifteen minutes.\nIt can be proved by observing bottlenose dolphins.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nBottlenose dolphins are the cutest animals in the ocean.\nCutest shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what the cutest animals are.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a sentence fragment?\n\n0. Puts the towel back in the bathroom.\n1. Erin spilled apple juice on the carpet." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Puts the towel back in the bathroom is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Your nephew,\nStanley\n1. your nephew,\nStanley" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nsewing an apron\nmelting glass\n\n0. Both are only physical changes.\n1. Both are caused by cooling.\n2. Both are chemical changes.\n3. Both are caused by heating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nSewing an apron is a physical change. The fabric and thread that make up the apron get a new shape, but the type of matter in each of them does not change.\nMelting glass is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The glass changes from solid to liquid. But a different type of matter is not formed.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nGlass melting is caused by heating. But sewing an apron is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nSean is not qualified to run the Environmental Club. Have you seen his sister's huge, horrifically inefficient car? The planet cries whenever she turns on the ignition.\n\n0. straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n1. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something\n2. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Sean isn't qualified to run the Environmental Club because his sister drives a fuel inefficient car. However, the behavior of Sean's sister does not necessarily reflect Sean's own behavior. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a book?\n\n0. ***As Days Go By***\n1. \"As Days Go By\"" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A book should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **As Days Go By**.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Tiana investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Does milk chocolate melt faster when heated in a microwave or on a stove?\n1. Does milk chocolate or dark chocolate melt faster when heated on the stove?\n2. Does dark chocolate or white chocolate melt faster when heated on the stove?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Sebastian's phenotype for the tail spots trait?\n\n0. a spotted tail\n1. an unspotted tail" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Sebastian's genotype for the tail spots gene is ii. Sebastian's genotype of ii has only i alleles. The i allele is for an unspotted tail. So, Sebastian's phenotype for the tail spots trait must be an unspotted tail.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Sebastian's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a spotted tail (I) is dominant over the allele for an unspotted tail (i). This means I is a dominant allele, and i is a recessive allele.\nSebastian's genotype of ii has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Sebastian's phenotype for the tail spots trait must be an unspotted tail.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement and always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn imperative sentence makes a request or a demand and usually ends with a period. If a demand shows strong feeling, it can end with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn interrogative sentence asks a question and always ends with a question mark.\nGiven the recent critiques of her new strategic plan, do you think the CEO will reconsider the company's direction?\nAn exclamatory sentence is a statement that shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamation always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nBert campaigned tirelessly in support of his neighbor's bid for elective office.\n\n0. interrogative\n1. exclamatory\n2. declarative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is a statement and ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a basketball court?\n\n0. 25 centimeters\n1. 25 millimeters\n2. 25 meters\n3. 25 kilometers" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a basketball court is 25 meters.\n25 millimeters and 25 centimeters are too short. 25 kilometers is too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nTara is good at knitting socks.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People are not born knowing how to knit. Instead, many people learn how to knit. Knitting well takes practice. So, knitting well is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Dear Mrs. Lee,\n1. Dear Mrs. lee," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Mrs. Lee is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a hummingbird's beak?\n\n0. 1 foot\n1. 1 mile\n2. 1 inch\n3. 1 yard" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a hummingbird's beak is 1 inch.\n1 foot, 1 yard, and 1 mile are all too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the solid.\n\n0. air inside a tire\n1. vinegar\n2. oxygen\n3. stuffed tiger" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The air inside a tire is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. The air in a tire expands to fill all the space inside the tire. If air leaks out, it will expand into the space around the tire.\nVinegar is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour vinegar into a different container, the vinegar will take the shape of that container. But the vinegar will still take up the same amount of space.\nOxygen is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. Oxygen can be stored in metal tanks. If oxygen leaks out of the tank, the oxygen will expand into the space around the tank.\nA stuffed tiger is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. When you hold a stuffed tiger in your hands, the stuffed tiger still has a size and shape of its own.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a diving board?\n\n0. 9 inches\n1. 9 yards\n2. 9 feet\n3. 9 miles" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a diving board is 9 feet.\n9 inches is too short. 9 yards and 9 miles are too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Some animals have a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. An animal's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each animal's backbone is colored orange.\nOther animals do not have a backbone. In fact, these animals don't have any bones! Some animals without backbones have a hard outer cover. Other animals have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the animal that has a backbone.\n\n0. penguin\n1. fly" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A penguin is a bird. Like other birds, a penguin has a backbone.\nA fly is an insect. Like other insects, a fly does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Mammals have hair or fur and feed their young milk.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the mammal.\n\n0. bald eagle\n1. yak\n2. American alligator\n3. anchovy" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An American alligator is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nAlligators live in and around water. They can live near ponds, rivers, marshes, and lakes.\nAn anchovy is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nAn anchovy is a small fish that lives in the ocean. Like some other types of fish, anchovies swim in large groups called schools.\nA bald eagle is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nBald eagles live in trees near water. They build nests that can be up to 13 feet wide!\nA yak is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nYaks live in cold places. Their long hair helps keep them warm.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nWhere Eve lives, the wind often blows in from the nearby hills.\n\n0. weather\n1. climate" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nWhere Eve lives, the wind often blows in from the nearby hills.\nThis passage tells you about the usual wind pattern where Eve lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. The mayor left a message for the president.\n1. Pam found her coat, but her gloves are still missing." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction but.\nPam found her coat, but her gloves are still missing.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Plant cells are made up of many different parts. Each cell part has a function that helps the cell survive and grow.\nSome cell parts are called organelles. Organelles are cell structures that are surrounded by their own membranes. Here are some of the organelles in plant cells:\nChloroplasts and mitochondria work together to help the cell get the energy it needs. The chloroplasts use photosynthesis to make sugar. The mitochondria break down this sugar and release energy that the cell can use for all of its activities.\nThe nucleus directs cell activities by sending instructions to different parts of the cell. The nucleus contains structures called chromosomes. The chromosomes are made mostly of hereditary material called DNA. DNA contains information that the cell uses for growth and activities. These instructions tell ribosomes how to build molecules called proteins, which make up cell structures and help chemical reactions happen in the cell.\nThe endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle that helps ribosomes build proteins. The nucleus sends instructions for making proteins to ribosomes. Ribosomes can attach to the endoplamic reticulum. The endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes use these instructions to make proteins that the cell needs to survive and grow.\nAfter proteins are made in the endoplasmic reticulum, they can be transferred to the Golgi. The Golgi is an organelle made up of flat, stacked membranes. The Golgi sorts and packages proteins and other substances. Then, the Golgi sends these substances to different parts of the cell. Some of these substances are sent to the cell membrane and released from the cell.\nIn plant cells, the vacuole stores waste, water, and nutrients such as sugar. Most plant cells have one vacuole.\nOther cell parts are not surrounded by their own membranes. These cell parts are not organelles.\nThe cell wall is the cell's tough outer covering. It gives the cell strength and stiffness and helps the cell keep its shape.\nOn the inside of the cell wall is a thin layer called the cell membrane. This layer is a membrane, but it does not have a membrane surrounding it, so it is not an organelle. The cell membrane controls which substances enter and leave the cell.\nThe cytoplasm is a thick liquid that fills the space inside the cell. The cytoplasm also helps the cell keep its shape and supports the other cell parts.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the part that fills most of the space inside a plant cell.\n\n0. cytoplasm\n1. mitochondria\n2. cell wall\n3. cell membrane" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The cytoplasm is made up of a thick liquid that fills the space between the cell membrane and the nucleus.\nThe thick liquid is made mostly of water. It also includes other important chemicals and cell parts. The cytoplasm holds the cell's structures in place and protects them from being damaged.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ngnaw - group\n\n0. gown\n1. glory" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince gown is between the guide words gnaw - group, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nLas Vegas, Nevada, has more than 200 sunny days per year.\n\n0. climate\n1. weather" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nLas Vegas, Nevada, has more than 200 sunny days per year.\nThis passage tells you about the usual pattern of clouds in Las Vegas. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the verbal irony in this text suggest?\n\"This is the best day of my life,\" Mr. Bradley mumbled after his car broke down on the way to an important job interview.\n\n0. Mr. Bradley was already running late.\n1. Mr. Bradley was having a bad day." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nThe best day of my life ironically suggests that Mr. Bradley was having a bad day. He was having the opposite of a good day because his car broke down when he needed to be on time.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a poem?\n\n0. \"What Dreams Are Made Of\"\n1. \"What dreams Are Made Of\"" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe correct title is \"What Dreams Are Made Of.\"\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a paper clip?\n\n0. 31 kilometers\n1. 31 centimeters\n2. 31 millimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a paper clip is 31 millimeters.\n31 centimeters and 31 kilometers are both too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long does it take to peel a banana?\n\n0. 15 seconds\n1. 15 minutes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for how long it takes to peel a banana is 15 seconds.\n15 minutes is too slow.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A pure substance is made of only one type of matter.\nA mixture is made of two or more types of matter mixed together.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the mixture.\n\n0. salt\n1. trail mix" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the plant.\n\n0. Koalas eat leaves.\n1. Coconut trees have large, thin leaves." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A koala is an animal. It eats leaves.\nKoalas spend most of their time in trees. They sleep for up to 20 hours a day!\nA coconut tree is a plant. It has large, thin leaves.\nCoconut trees grow in warm, rainy places.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the least thermal energy?\n\n0. a 100-gram glass of water at a temperature of 12\u00b0C\n1. a 100-gram glass of water at a temperature of 17\u00b0C\n2. a 100-gram glass of water at a temperature of 6\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All three glasses of water have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 6\u00b0C glass of water is the coldest, it has the least thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Humans have invented many ways to use natural resources. We use energy from natural resources in our daily activities, including cooking food, moving objects, and powering machines.\nSome ways of using natural resources for energy add to air pollution, and others do not.\nWood, oil, and coal are examples of natural resources that are fuels. Burning a fuel provides energy. But it also releases chemicals that can be harmful to our health and to the environment. These chemicals add to air pollution.\nSunlight, wind, and water are natural resources that can provide energy. Using energy from the Sun, wind, or water does not burn material. These uses of energy do not release chemicals that add to air pollution.\n\nQuestion:\nBelow are three examples of using energy from natural resources. Select the use of energy that did not add to air pollution.\n\n0. A wood-burning oven was used to bake a pizza.\n1. The engine on a garbage truck burned natural gas.\n2. The curved mirrors of a solar cooker focused sunlight on a pot, heating the food inside." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is the hardest?\n\n0. wax crayons\n1. soap\n2. cotton apron" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Hard is a property. A hard material keeps its shape when you press on it with your finger.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pushing on the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the wax crayons are the hardest. If you squeeze wax crayons, they will not change shape.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nThe time between 1820 and 1860 is called the antebellum period. What does antebellum mean?\n\n0. after the war\n1. wealthy\n2. revolutionary\n3. before the war" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Antebellum means \"before the war.\" Ante and bellum are Latin root words. The root ante means \"before.\" The root bellum means \"war.\"\nThe antebellum period is named for the war that followed it: the Civil War.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Hachiko's genotype for the fur color gene?\n\n0. ff\n1. brown fur" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Hachiko has two alleles for brown fur (f). So, Hachiko's genotype for the fur color gene is ff.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word can in its traditional sense?\n\n0. If Kelsey prefers a keyboard with the Dvorak layout, she can use mine. In my opinion, it's faster than typing on a keyboard with a QWERTY layout.\n1. Kelsey can type using a keyboard with a QWERTY layout, but she prefers the Dvorak layout. The two keyboards have different arrangements of letters and symbols." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second text uses can in its traditional sense: to have the ability to.\nKelsey can type using a keyboard with a QWERTY layout, but she prefers the Dvorak layout. The two keyboards have different arrangements of letters and symbols.\nThe first text uses can in its nontraditional sense: to have permission to.\nIf Kelsey prefers a keyboard with the Dvorak layout, she can use mine. In my opinion, it's faster than typing on a keyboard with a QWERTY layout.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word can because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this rose plant's genotype for the flower form gene?\n\n0. ff\n1. single flowers" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. The rose plant has two alleles for single flowers (f). So, the plant's genotype for the flower form gene is ff.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Maria took the memory card out of the digital camera and put the card in her desk drawer.\n1. Maria took the memory card out of the digital camera and put it in her desk drawer." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to the memory card or the digital camera.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the card.\nMaria took the memory card out of the digital camera and put the card in her desk drawer.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nKenny took several incredible panoramic photographs of the sweeping view from the top of Table Mountain.\n\n0. simple\n1. complex\n2. compound\n3. compound-complex" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is simple. It is a single independent clause.\nKenny took several incredible panoramic photographs of the sweeping view from the top of Table Mountain.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\nThe tree branch () under the weight of all the children.\n\n0. broke\n1. groaned" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Complete the sentence with the word groaned. It describes the branch as if it were a person calling out.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the text.\nThere were two main sides in World War I. One side was called the () and the other was called the ().\n\n0. Axis powers . . . Allied powers\n1. Central powers . . . Axis powers\n2. Allied powers . . . Central powers\n3. Allied powers . . . Triple Entente" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There were two main sides in World War I. One side was called the Allied powers and the other was called the Central powers. Sometimes the Allied powers are also called the Allies or the Triple Entente.\nSome countries fought against the Central powers but were not a part of the official Allied powers. They were called the Associated powers.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a guitar?\n\n0. 6 tons\n1. 6 ounces\n2. 6 pounds" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the mass of a guitar is 6 pounds.\n6 ounces is too light and 6 tons is too heavy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a hammer?\n\n0. 22 centimeters\n1. 22 meters\n2. 22 kilometers" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a hammer is 22 centimeters.\n22 meters and 22 kilometers are both too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich change best matches the sentence?\nA lake dries up after many years of no rain.\n\n0. erosion\n1. meteorite crash\n2. drought" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nAnswer the riddle.\nI am white or brown.\nYou can eat me.\nI come from a hen.\nWhat am I?\n\n0. a tail\n1. an egg" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An egg is round.\nYou can eat an egg.\nAn egg comes from a bird.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a small measuring spoon?\n\n0. 3 liters\n1. 3 milliliters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of a small measuring spoon is 3 milliliters.\n3 liters is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Briar's phenotype for the fur texture trait?\n\n0. straight fur\n1. wavy fur" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Briar's genotype for the fur texture gene is FF. Briar's genotype of FF has only F allelles. The F allele is for straight fur. So, Briar's phenotype for the fur texture trait must be straight fur.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Briar's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for wavy fur (f) is recessive to the allele for straight fur (F). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nBriar's genotype of FF has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Briar's phenotype for the fur texture trait must be straight fur.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nBrett has naturally black hair.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Humans do not choose their natural hair color. Some people dye their hair. But this does not change their natural hair color.\nChildren get their natural hair color from their parents. So, Brett's hair color is an inherited trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought.\nRehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing a subject. It doesn't tell who is rehearsing.\nThe band I'm in.\nThis fragment is missing a verb. It doesn't tell what the band I'm in is doing.\nBecause we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing an independent clause. It doesn't tell what happened because of the concert.\n\nQuestion:\nIs there a sentence fragment?\nMonkeys and chimpanzees frequently raid the crops of Rwandan farmers. As a result, the farmers lose ten to twenty percent of their income.\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There is not a sentence fragment. These are complete sentences because they express complete thoughts.\nMonkeys and chimpanzees frequently raid the crops of Rwandan farmers. As a result, the farmers lose ten to twenty percent of their income.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nDon't try to tell me that you only watch educational programming, Valeria! I know for a fact that your sister only watches reality television.\n\n0. hasty generalization: a very broad claim based on very little evidence\n1. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Valeria must watch reality television, because her sister watches reality television. However, even though Valeria's sister watches reality television, that doesn't necessarily mean that Valeria does, too. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving faster will go a farther distance in that time. It is moving at a higher speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of two bats. Which bat was moving at a higher speed?\n\n0. a bat that moved 165kilometers in 10hours\n1. a bat that moved 130kilometers in 10hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each bat moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne bat moved 165 kilometers in 10 hours.\nThe other bat moved 130 kilometers in 10 hours.\nNotice that each bat spent the same amount of time moving. The bat that moved 165 kilometers moved a farther distance in that time. So, that bat must have moved at a higher speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nThe War of 1812 began in June of 1812 when () declared war on ().\n\n0. France . . . Great Britain\n1. the United States . . . Great Britain\n2. Great Britain . . . the United States\n3. Great Britain . . . France" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The War of 1812 began on June 18, 1812, when the United States declared war on Great Britain. President James Madison of the United States signed Congress's declaration of war against Great Britain.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nveil - vote\n\n0. valentine\n1. virus" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince virus is between the guide words veil - vote, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the plant.\n\n0. Sea otters eat animals that live in the ocean.\n1. Marsh marigolds can grow yellow flowers." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A sea otter is an animal. It eats animals that live in the ocean.\nSea otters have very thick fur. Their fur keeps them warm in cold water.\nA marsh marigold is a plant. It can grow yellow flowers.\nMarsh marigolds grow best in cool shady places.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Skeeter's phenotype for the body hair trait?\n\n0. a hairy body\n1. a hairless body" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Skeeter's genotype for the body hair gene is bb. Skeeter's genotype of bb has only b alleles. The b allele is for a hairless body. So, Skeeter's phenotype for the body hair trait must be a hairless body.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Skeeter's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a hairless body (b) is recessive to the allele for a hairy body (B). This means B is a dominant allele, and b is a recessive allele.\nSkeeter's genotype of bb has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Skeeter's phenotype for the body hair trait must be a hairless body.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving faster will go a farther distance in that time. It is moving at a higher speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of two geese. Which goose was moving at a higher speed?\n\n0. a goose that moved 640miles in 10hours\n1. a goose that moved 290miles in 10hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each goose moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne goose moved 640 miles in 10 hours.\nThe other goose moved 290 miles in 10 hours.\nNotice that each goose spent the same amount of time moving. The goose that moved 640 miles moved a farther distance in that time. So, that goose must have moved at a higher speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.\n\nQuestion:\nIs a book a good or a service?\n\n0. a good\n1. a service" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide whether a book is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs a book something you can touch? Yes.\nIs a book a job you might pay someone else to do? No.\nSo, a book is a good.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the temperature of a cool glass of milk?\n\n0. 50\u00b0C\n1. 50\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the temperature of a cool glass of milk is 50\u00b0F.\n50\u00b0C is too hot.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nDon't try to tell me that you only watch educational programming, Nellie! I know for a fact that your sister only watches reality television.\n\n0. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good\n1. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Nellie must watch reality television, because her sister watches reality television. However, even though Nellie's sister watches reality television, that doesn't necessarily mean that Nellie does, too. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a movie?\n\n0. ***Raiders of the Lost Ark***\n1. \"Raiders of the Lost Ark\"" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A movie should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **Raiders of the Lost Ark**.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. fan\n1. tin\n2. win" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words win and tin rhyme. They both end with the in sound.\nThe word fan does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a car's gas tank?\n\n0. 13 cups\n1. 13 gallons\n2. 13 fluid ounces" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the volume of a car's gas tank is 13 gallons.\n13 fluid ounces and 13 cups are both too little.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nEmilio spoke at the city council meeting, claiming the new recycling regulations were draconian.\n\n0. Greek history\n1. a fairy tale" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion draconian is Greek history.\nDraco, a government official in seventh-century Athens, Greece, wrote a code of laws that called for severe punishments for even minor offenses.\nThe allusion draconian means harsh.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is an adult great white shark?\n\n0. 6 centimeters\n1. 6 millimeters\n2. 6 meters\n3. 6 kilometers" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of an adult great white shark is 6 meters.\n6 millimeters and 6 centimeters are too short. 6 kilometers is too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Tim acquired this trait?\n\n0. Tim's mother speaks one language.\n1. Tim learned to speak two languages in school." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving slower will go a shorter distance in that time. It is moving at a lower speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of two fish. Which fish was moving at a lower speed?\n\n0. a fish that moved 20kilometers in 5hours\n1. a fish that moved 25kilometers in 5hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each fish moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne fish moved 20 kilometers in 5 hours.\nThe other fish moved 25 kilometers in 5 hours.\nNotice that each fish spent the same amount of time moving. The fish that moved 20 kilometers moved a shorter distance in that time. So, that fish must have moved at a lower speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Garrett investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do the squirrels select sunflower seeds or walnuts more often?\n1. Which type of tree do the squirrels feed from most often?\n2. Do the squirrels eat walnuts from large feeders more often than from small feeders?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nGive Daniel a tour of the building and then take him to Mr. Carlson's office.\n\n0. exclamatory\n1. interrogative\n2. imperative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence tells someone to do something, so it is an imperative sentence. Here, it ends with a period.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Rick inherited this trait?\n\n0. Rick's coworker also has curly hair.\n1. Rick's biological father has curly hair.\n2. Rick and his biological parents have brown hair." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] } ]