RichardErkhov
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README.md
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+
Quantization made by Richard Erkhov.
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[Github](https://github.com/RichardErkhov)
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[Discord](https://discord.gg/pvy7H8DZMG)
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[Request more models](https://github.com/RichardErkhov/quant_request)
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recurrentgemma-2b - bnb 8bits
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- Model creator: https://huggingface.co/google/
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- Original model: https://huggingface.co/google/recurrentgemma-2b/
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Original model description:
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---
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license: gemma
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library_name: transformers
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extra_gated_heading: Access RecurrentGemma on Hugging Face
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extra_gated_prompt: To access RecurrentGemma on Hugging Face, you’re required to review
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and agree to Google’s usage license. To do this, please ensure you’re logged-in
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to Hugging Face and click below. Requests are processed immediately.
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extra_gated_button_content: Acknowledge license
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---
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+
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# RecurrentGemma Model Card
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**Model Page**: [RecurrentGemma]( https://ai.google.dev/gemma/docs/recurrentgemma/model_card)
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+
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This model card corresponds to the 2B base version of the RecurrentGemma model. You can also visit the model card of the [2B instruct model](https://huggingface.co/google/recurrentgemma-2b-it).
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**Resources and technical documentation:**
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* [Responsible Generative AI Toolkit](https://ai.google.dev/responsible)
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* [RecurrentGemma on Kaggle](https://www.kaggle.com/models/google/recurrentgemma)
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**Terms of Use:** [Terms](https://www.kaggle.com/models/google/gemma/license/consent)
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**Authors:** Google
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## Usage
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Below we share some code snippets on how to get quickly started with running the model. First make sure to `pip install --upgrade git+https://github.com/huggingface/transformers.git, then copy the snippet from the section that is relevant for your usecase.
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### Running the model on a single / multi GPU
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```python
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from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM
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tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("google/recurrentgemma-2b")
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model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("google/recurrentgemma-2b", device_map="auto")
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input_text = "Write me a poem about Machine Learning."
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input_ids = tokenizer(input_text, return_tensors="pt").to("cuda")
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outputs = model.generate(**input_ids)
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print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0]))
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```
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## Model information
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### Model summary
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#### Description
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RecurrentGemma is a family of open language models built on a [novel recurrent
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architecture](https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.19427) developed at Google. Both
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pre-trained and instruction-tuned versions are available in English.
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Like Gemma, RecurrentGemma models are well-suited for a variety of text
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generation tasks, including question answering, summarization, and reasoning.
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Because of its novel architecture, RecurrentGemma requires less memory than
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Gemma and achieves faster inference when generating long sequences.
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#### Inputs and outputs
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* **Input:** Text string (e.g., a question, a prompt, or a document to be
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summarized).
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* **Output:** Generated English-language text in response to the input (e.g.,
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an answer to the question, a summary of the document).
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#### Citation
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```none
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@article{recurrentgemma_2024,
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title={RecurrentGemma},
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url={},
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DOI={},
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publisher={Kaggle},
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author={Griffin Team, Alexsandar Botev and Soham De and Samuel L Smith and Anushan Fernando and George-Christian Muraru and Ruba Haroun and Leonard Berrada et al.},
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year={2024}
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}
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```
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### Model data
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#### Training dataset and data processing
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RecurrentGemma uses the same training data and data processing as used by the
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Gemma model family. A full description can be found on the [Gemma model
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card](https://ai.google.dev/gemma/docs/model_card#model_data).
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## Implementation information
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### Hardware and frameworks used during training
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Like
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[Gemma](https://ai.google.dev/gemma/docs/model_card#implementation_information),
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RecurrentGemma was trained on
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[TPUv5e](https://cloud.google.com/tpu/docs/intro-to-tpu?_gl=1*18wi411*_ga*MzE3NDU5OTY1LjE2MzQwNDA4NDY.*_ga_WH2QY8WWF5*MTcxMTA0MjUxMy4xNy4wLjE3MTEwNDI1MTkuMC4wLjA.&_ga=2.239449409.-317459965.1634040846),
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using [JAX](https://github.com/google/jax) and [ML
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Pathways](https://blog.google/technology/ai/introducing-pathways-next-generation-ai-architecture/).
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## Evaluation information
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### Benchmark results
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#### Evaluation approach
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These models were evaluated against a large collection of different datasets and
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metrics to cover different aspects of text generation:
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#### Evaluation results
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Benchmark | Metric | RecurrentGemma 2B
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------------------- | ------------- | -----------------
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[MMLU] | 5-shot, top-1 | 38.4
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[HellaSwag] | 0-shot | 71.0
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[PIQA] | 0-shot | 78.5
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[SocialIQA] | 0-shot | 51.8
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[BoolQ] | 0-shot | 71.3
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[WinoGrande] | partial score | 67.8
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[CommonsenseQA] | 7-shot | 63.7
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[OpenBookQA] | | 47.2
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[ARC-e][ARC-c] | | 72.9
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[ARC-c] | | 42.3
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[TriviaQA] | 5-shot | 52.5
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[Natural Questions] | 5-shot | 11.5
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[HumanEval] | pass@1 | 21.3
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[MBPP] | 3-shot | 28.8
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[GSM8K] | maj@1 | 13.4
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[MATH] | 4-shot | 11.0
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[AGIEval] | | 23.8
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[BIG-Bench] | | 35.3
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**Average** | | 44.6
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## Ethics and safety
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### Ethics and safety evaluations
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#### Evaluations approach
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Our evaluation methods include structured evaluations and internal red-teaming
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testing of relevant content policies. Red-teaming was conducted by a number of
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different teams, each with different goals and human evaluation metrics. These
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models were evaluated against a number of different categories relevant to
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ethics and safety, including:
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* **Text-to-text content safety:** Human evaluation on prompts covering safety
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policies including child sexual abuse and exploitation, harassment, violence
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and gore, and hate speech.
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* **Text-to-text representational harms:** Benchmark against relevant academic
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datasets such as WinoBias and BBQ Dataset.
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* **Memorization:** Automated evaluation of memorization of training data,
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including the risk of personally identifiable information exposure.
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* **Large-scale harm:** Tests for “dangerous capabilities,” such as chemical,
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biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) risks; as well as tests for
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persuasion and deception, cybersecurity, and autonomous replication.
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#### Evaluation results
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The results of ethics and safety evaluations are within acceptable thresholds
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for meeting [internal
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policies](https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-uniblog-publish-prod/documents/2023_Google_AI_Principles_Progress_Update.pdf#page=11)
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for categories such as child safety, content safety, representational harms,
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memorization, large-scale harms. On top of robust internal evaluations, the
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results of well known safety benchmarks like BBQ, Winogender, Winobias,
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RealToxicity, and TruthfulQA are shown here.
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Benchmark | Metric | RecurrentGemma 2B | RecurrentGemma 2B IT
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------------------------ | ------ | ----------------- | --------------------
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[RealToxicity] | avg | 9.8 | 7.6
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[BOLD] | | 39.3 | 52.4
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[CrowS-Pairs] | top-1 | 41.1 | 43.4
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[BBQ Ambig][BBQ] | top-1 | 62.6 | 71.1
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[BBQ Disambig][BBQ] | top-1 | 58.4 | 50.8
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[Winogender] | top-1 | 55.1 | 54.7
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[TruthfulQA] | | 35.1 | 42.7
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[Winobias 1_2][Winobias] | | 58.4 | 56.4
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[Winobias 2_2][Winobias] | | 90.0 | 75.4
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[Toxigen] | | 56.7 | 50.0
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## Model usage and limitations
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### Known limitations
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These models have certain limitations that users should be aware of:
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* **Training data**
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* The quality and diversity of the training data significantly influence
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the model's capabilities. Biases or gaps in the training data can lead
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to limitations in the model's responses.
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* The scope of the training dataset determines the subject areas the model
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can handle effectively.
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* **Context and task complexity**
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* LLMs are better at tasks that can be framed with clear prompts and
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instructions. Open-ended or highly complex tasks might be challenging.
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* A model's performance can be influenced by the amount of context
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provided (longer context generally leads to better outputs, up to a
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certain point).
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* **Language ambiguity and nuance**
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* Natural language is inherently complex. LLMs might struggle to grasp
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subtle nuances, sarcasm, or figurative language.
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* **Factual accuracy**
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* LLMs generate responses based on information they learned from their
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training datasets, but they are not knowledge bases. They may generate
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incorrect or outdated factual statements.
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* **Common sense**
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* LLMs rely on statistical patterns in language. They might lack the
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ability to apply common sense reasoning in certain situations.
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### Ethical considerations and risks
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The development of large language models (LLMs) raises several ethical concerns.
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In creating an open model, we have carefully considered the following:
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* **Bias and fairness**
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* LLMs trained on large-scale, real-world text data can reflect
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socio-cultural biases embedded in the training material. These models
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underwent careful scrutiny, input data pre-processing described and
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posterior evaluations reported in this card.
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* **Misinformation and misuse**
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* LLMs can be misused to generate text that is false, misleading, or
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harmful.
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* Guidelines are provided for responsible use with the model, see the
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[Responsible Generative AI
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Toolkit](https://ai.google.dev/gemma/responsible).
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* **Transparency and accountability**
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* This model card summarizes details on the models' architecture,
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capabilities, limitations, and evaluation processes.
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* A responsibly developed open model offers the opportunity to share
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innovation by making LLM technology accessible to developers and
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researchers across the AI ecosystem.
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Risks Identified and Mitigations:
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* **Perpetuation of biases:** It's encouraged to perform continuous monitoring
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(using evaluation metrics, human review) and the exploration of de-biasing
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techniques during model training, fine-tuning, and other use cases.
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* **Generation of harmful content:** Mechanisms and guidelines for content
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safety are essential. Developers are encouraged to exercise caution and
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implement appropriate content safety safeguards based on their specific
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product policies and application use cases.
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* **Misuse for malicious purposes:** Technical limitations and developer and
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end-user education can help mitigate against malicious applications of LLMs.
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Educational resources and reporting mechanisms for users to flag misuse are
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provided. Prohibited uses of Gemma models are outlined in our [terms of
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use](https://www.kaggle.com/models/google/gemma/license/consent).
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* **Privacy violations:** Models were trained on data filtered for removal of
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PII (Personally Identifiable Information). Developers are encouraged to
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adhere to privacy regulations with privacy-preserving techniques.
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## Intended usage
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### Application
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+
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Open Large Language Models (LLMs) have a wide range of applications across
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various industries and domains. The following list of potential uses is not
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comprehensive. The purpose of this list is to provide contextual information
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about the possible use-cases that the model creators considered as part of model
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training and development.
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+
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* **Content creation and communication**
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* **Text generation:** These models can be used to generate creative text
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formats like poems, scripts, code, marketing copy, email drafts, etc.
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* **Chatbots and conversational AI:** Power conversational interfaces for
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customer service, virtual assistants, or interactive applications.
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* **Text summarization:** Generate concise summaries of a text corpus,
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research papers, or reports.
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* **Research and education**
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+
* **Natural Language Processing (NLP) research:** These models can serve
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+
as a foundation for researchers to experiment with NLP techniques,
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285 |
+
develop algorithms, and contribute to the advancement of the field.
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+
* **Language Learning Tools:** Support interactive language learning
|
287 |
+
experiences, aiding in grammar correction or providing writing practice.
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288 |
+
* **Knowledge Exploration:** Assist researchers in exploring large bodies
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289 |
+
of text by generating summaries or answering questions about specific
|
290 |
+
topics.
|
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+
|
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+
### Benefits
|
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+
|
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+
At the time of release, this family of models provides high-performance open
|
295 |
+
large language model implementations designed from the ground up for Responsible
|
296 |
+
AI development compared to similarly sized models.
|
297 |
+
|
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+
Using the benchmark evaluation metrics described in this document, these models
|
299 |
+
have shown to provide superior performance to other, comparably-sized open model
|
300 |
+
alternatives.
|
301 |
+
|
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+
In particular, RecurrentGemma models achieve comparable performance to Gemma
|
303 |
+
models but are faster during inference and require less memory, especially on
|
304 |
+
long sequences.
|
305 |
+
|
306 |
+
[MMLU]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.03300
|
307 |
+
[HellaSwag]: https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.07830
|
308 |
+
[PIQA]: https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.11641
|
309 |
+
[SocialIQA]: https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.09728
|
310 |
+
[BoolQ]: https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.10044
|
311 |
+
[winogrande]: https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.10641
|
312 |
+
[CommonsenseQA]: https://arxiv.org/abs/1811.00937
|
313 |
+
[OpenBookQA]: https://arxiv.org/abs/1809.02789
|
314 |
+
[ARC-c]: https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.01547
|
315 |
+
[TriviaQA]: https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.03551
|
316 |
+
[Natural Questions]: https://github.com/google-research-datasets/natural-questions
|
317 |
+
[HumanEval]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.03374
|
318 |
+
[MBPP]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.07732
|
319 |
+
[GSM8K]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.14168
|
320 |
+
[MATH]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.03874
|
321 |
+
[AGIEval]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.06364
|
322 |
+
[BIG-Bench]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.04615
|
323 |
+
[RealToxicity]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.11462
|
324 |
+
[BOLD]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.11718
|
325 |
+
[CrowS-Pairs]: https://aclanthology.org/2020.emnlp-main.154/
|
326 |
+
[BBQ]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.08193v2
|
327 |
+
[Winogender]: https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.09301
|
328 |
+
[TruthfulQA]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.07958
|
329 |
+
[winobias]: https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.06876
|
330 |
+
[Toxigen]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.09509
|
331 |
+
|
332 |
+
|