tiedeman commited on
Commit
89324e5
1 Parent(s): de67a00

Initial commit

Browse files
.gitattributes CHANGED
@@ -29,3 +29,4 @@ saved_model/**/* filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
29
  *.zip filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
30
  *.zst filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
31
  *tfevents* filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
 
 
29
  *.zip filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
30
  *.zst filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
31
  *tfevents* filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
32
+ *.spm filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
README.md ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,366 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ ---
2
+ language:
3
+ - es
4
+ - fr
5
+ - it
6
+ - itc
7
+ - lad
8
+ - pt
9
+ - ro
10
+ - tr
11
+ - xx
12
+ language_bcp47:
13
+ - xx_Latn
14
+
15
+ tags:
16
+ - translation
17
+ - opus-mt-tc
18
+
19
+ license: cc-by-4.0
20
+ model-index:
21
+ - name: opus-mt-tc-big-itc-tr
22
+ results:
23
+ - task:
24
+ name: Translation cat-tur
25
+ type: translation
26
+ args: cat-tur
27
+ dataset:
28
+ name: flores101-devtest
29
+ type: flores_101
30
+ args: cat tur devtest
31
+ metrics:
32
+ - name: BLEU
33
+ type: bleu
34
+ value: 21.7
35
+ - name: chr-F
36
+ type: chrf
37
+ value: 0.54892
38
+ - task:
39
+ name: Translation fra-tur
40
+ type: translation
41
+ args: fra-tur
42
+ dataset:
43
+ name: flores101-devtest
44
+ type: flores_101
45
+ args: fra tur devtest
46
+ metrics:
47
+ - name: BLEU
48
+ type: bleu
49
+ value: 21.7
50
+ - name: chr-F
51
+ type: chrf
52
+ value: 0.55342
53
+ - task:
54
+ name: Translation glg-tur
55
+ type: translation
56
+ args: glg-tur
57
+ dataset:
58
+ name: flores101-devtest
59
+ type: flores_101
60
+ args: glg tur devtest
61
+ metrics:
62
+ - name: BLEU
63
+ type: bleu
64
+ value: 20.6
65
+ - name: chr-F
66
+ type: chrf
67
+ value: 0.53936
68
+ - task:
69
+ name: Translation ita-tur
70
+ type: translation
71
+ args: ita-tur
72
+ dataset:
73
+ name: flores101-devtest
74
+ type: flores_101
75
+ args: ita tur devtest
76
+ metrics:
77
+ - name: BLEU
78
+ type: bleu
79
+ value: 18.4
80
+ - name: chr-F
81
+ type: chrf
82
+ value: 0.52842
83
+ - task:
84
+ name: Translation oci-tur
85
+ type: translation
86
+ args: oci-tur
87
+ dataset:
88
+ name: flores101-devtest
89
+ type: flores_101
90
+ args: oci tur devtest
91
+ metrics:
92
+ - name: BLEU
93
+ type: bleu
94
+ value: 17.6
95
+ - name: chr-F
96
+ type: chrf
97
+ value: 0.50618
98
+ - task:
99
+ name: Translation por-tur
100
+ type: translation
101
+ args: por-tur
102
+ dataset:
103
+ name: flores101-devtest
104
+ type: flores_101
105
+ args: por tur devtest
106
+ metrics:
107
+ - name: BLEU
108
+ type: bleu
109
+ value: 23.5
110
+ - name: chr-F
111
+ type: chrf
112
+ value: 0.56396
113
+ - task:
114
+ name: Translation ron-tur
115
+ type: translation
116
+ args: ron-tur
117
+ dataset:
118
+ name: flores101-devtest
119
+ type: flores_101
120
+ args: ron tur devtest
121
+ metrics:
122
+ - name: BLEU
123
+ type: bleu
124
+ value: 21.5
125
+ - name: chr-F
126
+ type: chrf
127
+ value: 0.55409
128
+ - task:
129
+ name: Translation spa-tur
130
+ type: translation
131
+ args: spa-tur
132
+ dataset:
133
+ name: flores101-devtest
134
+ type: flores_101
135
+ args: spa tur devtest
136
+ metrics:
137
+ - name: BLEU
138
+ type: bleu
139
+ value: 16.5
140
+ - name: chr-F
141
+ type: chrf
142
+ value: 0.51066
143
+ - task:
144
+ name: Translation fra-tur
145
+ type: translation
146
+ args: fra-tur
147
+ dataset:
148
+ name: tatoeba-test-v2021-08-07
149
+ type: tatoeba_mt
150
+ args: fra-tur
151
+ metrics:
152
+ - name: BLEU
153
+ type: bleu
154
+ value: 34.8
155
+ - name: chr-F
156
+ type: chrf
157
+ value: 0.63006
158
+ - task:
159
+ name: Translation ita-tur
160
+ type: translation
161
+ args: ita-tur
162
+ dataset:
163
+ name: tatoeba-test-v2021-08-07
164
+ type: tatoeba_mt
165
+ args: ita-tur
166
+ metrics:
167
+ - name: BLEU
168
+ type: bleu
169
+ value: 34.9
170
+ - name: chr-F
171
+ type: chrf
172
+ value: 0.59991
173
+ - task:
174
+ name: Translation por-tur
175
+ type: translation
176
+ args: por-tur
177
+ dataset:
178
+ name: tatoeba-test-v2021-08-07
179
+ type: tatoeba_mt
180
+ args: por-tur
181
+ metrics:
182
+ - name: BLEU
183
+ type: bleu
184
+ value: 40.1
185
+ - name: chr-F
186
+ type: chrf
187
+ value: 0.67836
188
+ - task:
189
+ name: Translation ron-tur
190
+ type: translation
191
+ args: ron-tur
192
+ dataset:
193
+ name: tatoeba-test-v2021-08-07
194
+ type: tatoeba_mt
195
+ args: ron-tur
196
+ metrics:
197
+ - name: BLEU
198
+ type: bleu
199
+ value: 35.5
200
+ - name: chr-F
201
+ type: chrf
202
+ value: 0.64031
203
+ - task:
204
+ name: Translation spa-tur
205
+ type: translation
206
+ args: spa-tur
207
+ dataset:
208
+ name: tatoeba-test-v2021-08-07
209
+ type: tatoeba_mt
210
+ args: spa-tur
211
+ metrics:
212
+ - name: BLEU
213
+ type: bleu
214
+ value: 45.2
215
+ - name: chr-F
216
+ type: chrf
217
+ value: 0.71524
218
+ ---
219
+ # opus-mt-tc-big-itc-tr
220
+
221
+ ## Table of Contents
222
+ - [Model Details](#model-details)
223
+ - [Uses](#uses)
224
+ - [Risks, Limitations and Biases](#risks-limitations-and-biases)
225
+ - [How to Get Started With the Model](#how-to-get-started-with-the-model)
226
+ - [Training](#training)
227
+ - [Evaluation](#evaluation)
228
+ - [Citation Information](#citation-information)
229
+ - [Acknowledgements](#acknowledgements)
230
+
231
+ ## Model Details
232
+
233
+ Neural machine translation model for translating from Italic languages (itc) to Turkish (tr).
234
+
235
+ This model is part of the [OPUS-MT project](https://github.com/Helsinki-NLP/Opus-MT), an effort to make neural machine translation models widely available and accessible for many languages in the world. All models are originally trained using the amazing framework of [Marian NMT](https://marian-nmt.github.io/), an efficient NMT implementation written in pure C++. The models have been converted to pyTorch using the transformers library by huggingface. Training data is taken from [OPUS](https://opus.nlpl.eu/) and training pipelines use the procedures of [OPUS-MT-train](https://github.com/Helsinki-NLP/Opus-MT-train).
236
+ **Model Description:**
237
+ - **Developed by:** Language Technology Research Group at the University of Helsinki
238
+ - **Model Type:** Translation (transformer-big)
239
+ - **Release**: 2022-07-28
240
+ - **License:** CC-BY-4.0
241
+ - **Language(s):**
242
+ - Source Language(s): fra ita lad lad_Latn por ron spa
243
+ - Target Language(s): tur
244
+ - **Original Model**: [opusTCv20210807_transformer-big_2022-07-28.zip](https://object.pouta.csc.fi/Tatoeba-MT-models/itc-tur/opusTCv20210807_transformer-big_2022-07-28.zip)
245
+ - **Resources for more information:**
246
+ - [OPUS-MT-train GitHub Repo](https://github.com/Helsinki-NLP/OPUS-MT-train)
247
+ - More information about released models for this language pair: [OPUS-MT itc-tur README](https://github.com/Helsinki-NLP/Tatoeba-Challenge/tree/master/models/itc-tur/README.md)
248
+ - [More information about MarianNMT models in the transformers library](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/model_doc/marian)
249
+ - [Tatoeba Translation Challenge](https://github.com/Helsinki-NLP/Tatoeba-Challenge/
250
+
251
+ ## Uses
252
+
253
+ This model can be used for translation and text-to-text generation.
254
+
255
+ ## Risks, Limitations and Biases
256
+
257
+ **CONTENT WARNING: Readers should be aware that the model is trained on various public data sets that may contain content that is disturbing, offensive, and can propagate historical and current stereotypes.**
258
+
259
+ Significant research has explored bias and fairness issues with language models (see, e.g., [Sheng et al. (2021)](https://aclanthology.org/2021.acl-long.330.pdf) and [Bender et al. (2021)](https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3442188.3445922)).
260
+
261
+ ## How to Get Started With the Model
262
+
263
+ A short example code:
264
+
265
+ ```python
266
+ from transformers import MarianMTModel, MarianTokenizer
267
+
268
+ src_text = [
269
+ ""Di che nazionalità sono le tue dottoresse?" "Malese."",
270
+ ""Di che nazionalità sono i nostri amici?" "Maltese.""
271
+ ]
272
+
273
+ model_name = "pytorch-models/opus-mt-tc-big-itc-tr"
274
+ tokenizer = MarianTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name)
275
+ model = MarianMTModel.from_pretrained(model_name)
276
+ translated = model.generate(**tokenizer(src_text, return_tensors="pt", padding=True))
277
+
278
+ for t in translated:
279
+ print( tokenizer.decode(t, skip_special_tokens=True) )
280
+
281
+ # expected output:
282
+ # "Doktorların hangi milletten?" "Malezyalı."
283
+ # "Arkadaşlarımız hangi milletten?" "Maltalı."
284
+ ```
285
+
286
+ You can also use OPUS-MT models with the transformers pipelines, for example:
287
+
288
+ ```python
289
+ from transformers import pipeline
290
+ pipe = pipeline("translation", model="Helsinki-NLP/opus-mt-tc-big-itc-tr")
291
+ print(pipe(""Di che nazionalità sono le tue dottoresse?" "Malese.""))
292
+
293
+ # expected output: "Doktorların hangi milletten?" "Malezyalı."
294
+ ```
295
+
296
+ ## Training
297
+
298
+ - **Data**: opusTCv20210807 ([source](https://github.com/Helsinki-NLP/Tatoeba-Challenge))
299
+ - **Pre-processing**: SentencePiece (spm32k,spm32k)
300
+ - **Model Type:** transformer-big
301
+ - **Original MarianNMT Model**: [opusTCv20210807_transformer-big_2022-07-28.zip](https://object.pouta.csc.fi/Tatoeba-MT-models/itc-tur/opusTCv20210807_transformer-big_2022-07-28.zip)
302
+ - **Training Scripts**: [GitHub Repo](https://github.com/Helsinki-NLP/OPUS-MT-train)
303
+
304
+ ## Evaluation
305
+
306
+ * test set translations: [opusTCv20210807_transformer-big_2022-07-28.test.txt](https://object.pouta.csc.fi/Tatoeba-MT-models/itc-tur/opusTCv20210807_transformer-big_2022-07-28.test.txt)
307
+ * test set scores: [opusTCv20210807_transformer-big_2022-07-28.eval.txt](https://object.pouta.csc.fi/Tatoeba-MT-models/itc-tur/opusTCv20210807_transformer-big_2022-07-28.eval.txt)
308
+ * benchmark results: [benchmark_results.txt](benchmark_results.txt)
309
+ * benchmark output: [benchmark_translations.zip](benchmark_translations.zip)
310
+
311
+ | langpair | testset | chr-F | BLEU | #sent | #words |
312
+ |----------|---------|-------|-------|-------|--------|
313
+ | fra-tur | tatoeba-test-v2021-08-07 | 0.63006 | 34.8 | 2582 | 14307 |
314
+ | ita-tur | tatoeba-test-v2021-08-07 | 0.59991 | 34.9 | 10000 | 75807 |
315
+ | por-tur | tatoeba-test-v2021-08-07 | 0.67836 | 40.1 | 1794 | 9312 |
316
+ | ron-tur | tatoeba-test-v2021-08-07 | 0.64031 | 35.5 | 2460 | 13788 |
317
+ | spa-tur | tatoeba-test-v2021-08-07 | 0.71524 | 45.2 | 10615 | 56099 |
318
+ | cat-tur | flores101-devtest | 0.54892 | 21.7 | 1012 | 20253 |
319
+ | fra-tur | flores101-devtest | 0.55342 | 21.7 | 1012 | 20253 |
320
+ | glg-tur | flores101-devtest | 0.53936 | 20.6 | 1012 | 20253 |
321
+ | ita-tur | flores101-devtest | 0.52842 | 18.4 | 1012 | 20253 |
322
+ | oci-tur | flores101-devtest | 0.50618 | 17.6 | 1012 | 20253 |
323
+ | por-tur | flores101-devtest | 0.56396 | 23.5 | 1012 | 20253 |
324
+ | ron-tur | flores101-devtest | 0.55409 | 21.5 | 1012 | 20253 |
325
+ | spa-tur | flores101-devtest | 0.51066 | 16.5 | 1012 | 20253 |
326
+
327
+ ## Citation Information
328
+
329
+ * Publications: [OPUS-MT – Building open translation services for the World](https://aclanthology.org/2020.eamt-1.61/) and [The Tatoeba Translation Challenge – Realistic Data Sets for Low Resource and Multilingual MT](https://aclanthology.org/2020.wmt-1.139/) (Please, cite if you use this model.)
330
+
331
+ ```
332
+ @inproceedings{tiedemann-thottingal-2020-opus,
333
+ title = "{OPUS}-{MT} {--} Building open translation services for the World",
334
+ author = {Tiedemann, J{\"o}rg and Thottingal, Santhosh},
335
+ booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation",
336
+ month = nov,
337
+ year = "2020",
338
+ address = "Lisboa, Portugal",
339
+ publisher = "European Association for Machine Translation",
340
+ url = "https://aclanthology.org/2020.eamt-1.61",
341
+ pages = "479--480",
342
+ }
343
+
344
+ @inproceedings{tiedemann-2020-tatoeba,
345
+ title = "The Tatoeba Translation Challenge {--} Realistic Data Sets for Low Resource and Multilingual {MT}",
346
+ author = {Tiedemann, J{\"o}rg},
347
+ booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Machine Translation",
348
+ month = nov,
349
+ year = "2020",
350
+ address = "Online",
351
+ publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
352
+ url = "https://aclanthology.org/2020.wmt-1.139",
353
+ pages = "1174--1182",
354
+ }
355
+ ```
356
+
357
+ ## Acknowledgements
358
+
359
+ The work is supported by the [European Language Grid](https://www.european-language-grid.eu/) as [pilot project 2866](https://live.european-language-grid.eu/catalogue/#/resource/projects/2866), by the [FoTran project](https://www.helsinki.fi/en/researchgroups/natural-language-understanding-with-cross-lingual-grounding), funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 771113), and the [MeMAD project](https://memad.eu/), funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement No 780069. We are also grateful for the generous computational resources and IT infrastructure provided by [CSC -- IT Center for Science](https://www.csc.fi/), Finland.
360
+
361
+ ## Model conversion info
362
+
363
+ * transformers version: 4.16.2
364
+ * OPUS-MT git hash: 8b9f0b0
365
+ * port time: Fri Aug 12 16:25:21 EEST 2022
366
+ * port machine: LM0-400-22516.local
benchmark_results.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ cat-tur flores101-dev 0.55437 22.1 997 19181
2
+ fra-tur flores101-dev 0.55809 22.1 997 19181
3
+ glg-tur flores101-dev 0.54208 20.0 997 19181
4
+ ita-tur flores101-dev 0.52877 18.4 997 19181
5
+ oci-tur flores101-dev 0.51024 18.2 997 19181
6
+ por-tur flores101-dev 0.57003 23.4 997 19181
7
+ ron-tur flores101-dev 0.55945 22.2 997 19181
8
+ spa-tur flores101-dev 0.51357 16.5 997 19181
9
+ cat-tur flores101-devtest 0.54892 21.7 1012 20253
10
+ fra-tur flores101-devtest 0.55342 21.7 1012 20253
11
+ glg-tur flores101-devtest 0.53936 20.6 1012 20253
12
+ ita-tur flores101-devtest 0.52842 18.4 1012 20253
13
+ oci-tur flores101-devtest 0.50618 17.6 1012 20253
14
+ por-tur flores101-devtest 0.56396 23.5 1012 20253
15
+ ron-tur flores101-devtest 0.55409 21.5 1012 20253
16
+ spa-tur flores101-devtest 0.51066 16.5 1012 20253
17
+ fra-tur tatoeba-test-v2020-07-28 0.62875 34.8 2500 13833
18
+ ron-tur tatoeba-test-v2020-07-28 0.64025 35.5 2464 13804
19
+ spa-tur tatoeba-test-v2020-07-28 0.71895 45.7 10000 52245
20
+ fra-tur tatoeba-test-v2021-03-30 0.62937 34.8 5004 27739
21
+ ron-tur tatoeba-test-v2021-03-30 0.64025 35.5 2464 13804
22
+ spa-tur tatoeba-test-v2021-03-30 0.71838 45.6 10225 53559
23
+ fra-tur tatoeba-test-v2021-08-07 0.63006 34.8 2582 14307
24
+ ita-tur tatoeba-test-v2021-08-07 0.59991 34.9 10000 75807
25
+ por-tur tatoeba-test-v2021-08-07 0.67836 40.1 1794 9312
26
+ ron-tur tatoeba-test-v2021-08-07 0.64031 35.5 2460 13788
27
+ spa-tur tatoeba-test-v2021-08-07 0.71524 45.2 10615 56099
benchmark_translations.zip ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
 
 
 
 
1
+ version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
2
+ oid sha256:c8c8c78cca27532bd411f6639cb4df5f75c759bf4e7d6394e1c7db62b2065377
3
+ size 4453846
config.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "activation_dropout": 0.0,
3
+ "activation_function": "relu",
4
+ "architectures": [
5
+ "MarianMTModel"
6
+ ],
7
+ "attention_dropout": 0.0,
8
+ "bad_words_ids": [
9
+ [
10
+ 58544
11
+ ]
12
+ ],
13
+ "bos_token_id": 0,
14
+ "classifier_dropout": 0.0,
15
+ "d_model": 1024,
16
+ "decoder_attention_heads": 16,
17
+ "decoder_ffn_dim": 4096,
18
+ "decoder_layerdrop": 0.0,
19
+ "decoder_layers": 6,
20
+ "decoder_start_token_id": 58544,
21
+ "decoder_vocab_size": 58545,
22
+ "dropout": 0.1,
23
+ "encoder_attention_heads": 16,
24
+ "encoder_ffn_dim": 4096,
25
+ "encoder_layerdrop": 0.0,
26
+ "encoder_layers": 6,
27
+ "eos_token_id": 45913,
28
+ "forced_eos_token_id": 45913,
29
+ "init_std": 0.02,
30
+ "is_encoder_decoder": true,
31
+ "max_length": 512,
32
+ "max_position_embeddings": 1024,
33
+ "model_type": "marian",
34
+ "normalize_embedding": false,
35
+ "num_beams": 4,
36
+ "num_hidden_layers": 6,
37
+ "pad_token_id": 58544,
38
+ "scale_embedding": true,
39
+ "share_encoder_decoder_embeddings": true,
40
+ "static_position_embeddings": true,
41
+ "torch_dtype": "float16",
42
+ "transformers_version": "4.18.0.dev0",
43
+ "use_cache": true,
44
+ "vocab_size": 58545
45
+ }
pytorch_model.bin ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
 
 
 
 
1
+ version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
2
+ oid sha256:824d7604df63e462ddcf34512f2a138f9451d8ccc83b298961fc0711a2686412
3
+ size 592723843
source.spm ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
 
 
 
 
1
+ version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
2
+ oid sha256:ace12b20f025a06c3ef27ee566f2e4f56b900cb4b40bd766a6094dc055933765
3
+ size 802843
special_tokens_map.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
 
 
1
+ {"eos_token": "</s>", "unk_token": "<unk>", "pad_token": "<pad>"}
target.spm ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
 
 
 
 
1
+ version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
2
+ oid sha256:6eb3375c132c34b473d930533cff67d4f39cdf52405830418956639fbf97fa0e
3
+ size 832675
tokenizer_config.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
 
 
1
+ {"source_lang": "itc", "target_lang": "tr", "unk_token": "<unk>", "eos_token": "</s>", "pad_token": "<pad>", "model_max_length": 512, "sp_model_kwargs": {}, "separate_vocabs": false, "special_tokens_map_file": null, "name_or_path": "marian-models/opusTCv20210807_transformer-big_2022-07-28/itc-tr", "tokenizer_class": "MarianTokenizer"}
vocab.json ADDED
The diff for this file is too large to render. See raw diff